1? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 Protocol
Latest Developments
Robert M,Hinden
Chief Internet Technologist
Nokia
2? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
THE INTERNET MODEL
Transport
Applications
Link and
Physical Layer
End-to-End Communication
Intelligence in Hosts
Simple / Fast forwarding in Routers
All Services run over IP
IP runs over Everything
Internet’s Success based on
Simple Powerful Architecture
Easy to deploy new Applications
Technology Evolution
IP
3? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
A VIEW OF
INTERNET HISTORY
1970’s
Arpanet / Internet Technology Invented
1980’s
Research / Non-Commercial Internet Service
1990’s
The Web and the Internet Everywhere
2000’s
The Wireless Internet
4? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
THE NEED FOR IPv6
The Internet has been a great Success!
Success creates problems
IPv4 is running out of Global IP Addresses
Addresses are currently being rationed
Network Address Translation (NAT) has
extended the life of IPv4,but:
Breaks Internet End-to-End model
Inhibits new applications
Barrier to mobile IP communication
Mobile Phones without phone numbers?
5? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv4 NETWORK ADDRESS
TRANSLATION
Public IPv4
Internet
Users
Services
Users
Services
NAT
Private IPv4
Addressing
6? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
ASIA IPv4 ADDRESS
ALLOCATIONS
* March 2003
Currently Allocated *
China ~29.4 Million
India ~ 2.6 Million
Thailand ~ 1.7 Million
Other Legacy Allocations (minimum)
MIT ~17 Million
IBM ~33 Million
Genuity / BBN ~51 Million
US Government ~168 Million
UK Government ~33 Million
7? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv4 UNICAST ADDRESS
ALLOCATION PER REGION
RIR databases as of March 2003
1,897,225,043
17,980,744
291,659,776
176,636,816
6,659,072
26,765,056
15,334,400
1,292,149,461
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
Middle East
Oceania
Africa
Unassigned
8? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
APPLICATIONS
Internet End-to-End Model
New application can be deployed without changing
the network
Today’s Internet
Network Address Translators (NAT) inhibit the
deployment of new applications
Freezes internet applications at ~1995
Work arounds possible,but expensive and fragile
IPv6 allows new types of applications to
be deployed
Servers everywhere
Peer-to-Peer Applications
9? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
BUSINESS MOTIVATION
New Applications sell products!
It was a new application (the World Wide Web) that
caused the Internet to happen in 1992-1996
New Applications drive Internet Growth
New and expanded infrastructure needed to support
more traffic and more users
If someone asks,Why do we need IPv6?
Tell them,It’s the applications”
10? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 FEATURES
Larger 128-bit Hierarchical Addresses
Supports Much Larger Internet
Allows Embedded IEEE 802 MAC Addresses for
Auto-Configuration
Auto Configuration
Incremental Deployment
Other
Enables End-to-End Security (IPSEC) via Global
Addresses
Efficient general header compression
Improved Mobile IP support
11? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 HEADER FORMAT
Payload Length
Version Flow Label
Next Header Hop Limit
Class
Source Address
Destination Address
40
bytes
32 bits
12? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 ADDRESSING
128 Bit Addresses can Identify Large
Number of End Points:
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,
456
15% Initially Assigned,85% Reserved for
Future Growth
13? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
“PLUG-AND-PLAY”
AUTOCONFIGURATION
Simple address autoconfiguration
mechanism
Hosts learn subnet prefix from routers
and create Global Addresses
IPv6 Autoconfiguration is key feature
for
Large scale deployments
Wireless Internet devices
Simpler management
14? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 NON-FEATURES
QOS
QOS in IPv6 is based on Diff Services
IPv4 TOS field = IPv6 Class field
IPv6 Flow Label might be used in future……
Routing
Utilizes existing routing technology
No easy solution to Internet Route Scaling problems
Security
Utilizes IPSEC (almost same as for IPv4)
Global address addresses help a lot
IPSEC still needs ubiquitous certificate infrastructure
15? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IETF IPv6 STATUS
Core IPv6 protocols Standard and
Stable
IPv6 Protocol,Addressing Architecture,ICMP,
DNS,Security,Transition Mechanisms,Neighbor
Discovery,Address Auto-configuration,IPv6 over
<link>,Routing Protocols,Tunneling,MIB’s,
Header Compression,MLD,etc.
IPv6 Focused Working Groups
IPv6,V6OPS,Multi6,SEND
Other Working Groups doing IPv6 work
DHC,MIP,Routing,DNSEXT,VRRP,MAGMA
16? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 W.G,
ADMINISTRATIVE
Margaret Wasserman (Windriver)
appointed as co-chair
Steve Deering (Cisco) resigned as co-
chair and is on sabbatical
Now two co-chairs (Bob Hinden and Margaret
Wasserman)
New Charter approved by IESG
17? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
NEW CHARTER
Approved by the Internet Engineering
Steering Group
Available on IETF web site at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipv6-charter.html
Goal is to close (or recharter) IPv6 w.g,
November 2003
This is Good News!!!
18? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
W.G,RESPONSIBILITIES
Completing work on the IPv6 working
group documents
Reviewing and updating IPv6
specifications based on implementation
and deployment experience,and
advancing them on the standardization
track as appropriate.
19? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 W.G,NEWS
IESG approved IPv6 Addressing Architecture
for Draft Standard
Subsequent process appeal reduced this to Proposed
Standard
Will be resubmitted with clarifications for Draft Standard
IESG approved,IPv6 Address Selection for
IPv6”
RFC 3314,Recommendations for IPv6 in Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Standards” published
Started work on an IPv6 Node Requirements
specification
20? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 W.G,NEWS (cont.)
IPv6 Flow Label almost completed
New draft major improvement and close to w.g,
consensus
Revision of MIBs to handle IPv6
consistently
IP,TCP,UDP,Routing Table
Prefix Delegation
Initial requirements done
W.G,consensus to focus on DHCPv6 and RA
Proxy approaches
DHCPv6 option in last call
21? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 W.G,NEWS (cont.)
Node Information Query
Widely implemented in Unix BSD distributions
Useful as a diagnostic tool
Working on simplified version to resolves IESG
issues
22? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
HOT TOPICS
Site-Local Usage
Considerable discussion
Focusing on usage scenarios
At last IETF meeting,w.g,decided to,deprecate”
Site-Local usage
Debate continues on mailing list
DNS Discovery
IESG removed work from new IPv6 charter
Topic will be address in DNSOP w.g.
Initial poll of DNSOP w.g,showed interest in topic
23? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
OTHER IETF IPv6 NEWS
DHCPv6 approved by IESG for Proposed
Standard
Mobile IPv6 completed working group last
call and submitted to IESG
V6OPS
Replaced NGTRANS w.g,and is defining transition
scenarios
New group (SEND) working on securing
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
VRRP w.g,developing IPv6 version
BOF on Zero Configuration Routers
24? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
RECENT INDUSTRY
NEWS
Microsoft shipping Win XP SP1 and
.NET Server with IPv6
Plans for next windows release with IPv6 active
Announced IPv6 plans for WinCE (basis for PDAs
and phones)
New IPv6 based peer-to-peer application
http://www.threedegrees.com
Apple shipping MacOS X 1.2 with IPv6
enabled
Good command line support (telnet,ftp,ping,etc.)
Not all GUI applications converted (Web browser,
email,etc.)
25? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
RECENT INDUSTRY
NEWS (cont.)
Windriver announced IPv6 support
Checkpoint announced IPv6 firewall support
Internet Address Registries adopt updated
IPv6 Allocation Policy
/32 to ISP’s (previously /35)
/48 to Sites (with more than one subnet)
Joint agreement between Japan and EU on
IPv6 Deployment
26? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
IPv6 READY
Volume deployment has begun
Microsoft XP and,NET
Apple MacOS X 10.2
Linux and *BSD
Sun Solaris
HP
Symbian OS 7
Realtime OS’s available
Cisco,Juniper,Hitachi routers support IPv6
IPv6 is waiting to be turned on!
27? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
MY HOME IPv6 NETWORK
IPv6 at Home
DSL (IPv4 Service)
Tunnel (IPv6 over IPv4) to Nokia.Net
Nokia IPSO IP110 Router
WLAN
Servers (IPv6 access only)
Web,http://libretto60.nokia.net
Temperature,http://therma.nokia.net
Machines with IPv6
Win2K PC Desktop
MacOS X 10.2 on iMAC and two ibooks
Win2K Toshiba Laptop
FreeBSD on Libretto laptop
WinXP on Mini-ITX system
28? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
TOPOLOGY
WLAN
AP
MacOS X
Nokia IP110
therma libretto60 Win2k MaxOS X
DSL
WinXP
win2K
MacOS X
29? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
PICTURE
30? NOKIA 2003,IPv6 Protocol - Latest Developments” / 28 March 2003 / R,Hinden
SUMMARY
IPv6 will scale to Billions and Billions of
devices
IPv6 supports equitable worldwide
assignment of addresses
Build base for new applications
Applications are key to Internet growth
NOKIA is very committed to IPv6