1
TSB
ITU and IPv6
Global IPv6 Summit in Beijing,China,
3-4 April 2003
by
Houlin ZHAO
Director
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
International Telecommunication Union,Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland
Tel,+41 22 730 5851 Fax,+41 22 730 5853
E-mail,tsbdir@itu.int
ITU Home page address,http://www.itu.int
2
TSB
? International treaty organization founded in 1865
? UN Special Agency for telecommunications
? 189 Member States (Governments) and 900 Sector Members (Industry):
very attractive environment
? Three sectors:
- ITU-D,aid to developing countries
- ITU-R,(formerly,CCIR”) Radio spectrum allocations and Radio access
technologies
- ITU-T,(formerly,CCITT”) for telecom standardization; secretariat is called
“TSB”
? In ITU-T,industry and government work together to develop mutually agreed
non-binding Recommendations
? Very efficient procedures,AAP to approve Recommendations in 8 weeks
What is ITU?
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TSB
? ITU Resolution 102 (Marrakesh,2002) instructs the Director of TSB:
“1,to continue to liaise and to cooperate with appropriate entities
on relevant Internet domain name and address management
issues,such as the transition to IP Version 6 (IPv6),ENUM,and
internationalized domain names (IDN);
2,to work with Member States and Sector Members,recognizing
the activities of other appropriate entities,to review Member
States' ccTLD and other related experiences;
3…
4…”
? IPv6 Forum was invited to,1
st
Informal Forum/SDOs Summit,”
Geneva,3-4 December,2001
? Workshop on IPv6,Geneva,6
th
May 2002; Excellent presentations
(see http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/ipv6/index.html
ITU and IPv6
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TSB
? Opening address for the Tutorial Workshop on IPv6 (Houlin Zhao,Director,TSB/ITU)
? IPv6 - Vision or Illusion (Latif Ladid,Ericsson-Telebit)
? The RIRs and IPv6 (Mirjam Kühne,RIPE NCC and Richard Jimmeson,ARIN)
? What are the technical benefits of implementing IPv6 (Jordi Palet,Consulintel)
? Transition Scenarios (Laurent Montini,Cisco)
? Euro6IX - The Pan-European IPv6 IX Backbone (Jordi Palet,Consulintel)
? IPv6 and 6Wind (Eric Carmès,6Wind)
? What are the limitations on IPv4,what is IPv6 (Bosco Fernandes,Siemens AG)
? IPv6 in fixed and mobile networks (Bosco Fernandes,Siemens AG)
? Security and Privacy (Latif Ladid,Ericsson-Telebit)
Workshop on IPv6,Geneva,6
th
May 2002
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TSB
1,Technical developments:
- ITU-T supported IETF for the administration of a protocol for mapping
telephone numbers into the DNS,
- ITU-T organized several workshops on ENUM
2,ENUM Trial Implementation:
- IETF asked ITU to facilitate government approval of ENUM implementations
- Under agreed procedures between IAB and ITU-T:
- RIPE NCC will ask TSB if country approves ENUM delegation request
- If yes,it proceeds
- If no or no answer from the country,it does not proceed (TSB objects)
- TSB does not itself evaluate requests in any way,RIPE NCC checks technical
aspects of requests
3,Excellent cooperation between IETF and ITU-T on ENUM and many issues
see http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/index.html
An example of ITU-T work on ENUM
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TSB
? Technical,(Very good progress,a few issues left)
- Huge address capacity in the order of 10
38
,providing basis for new
services,new features and users
- Increasing volume of data versus voice
- Investments in IP and mobile services
- Modernization of infrastructure
- many more…
? Marketing,(Enormous efforts,at its starting phase)
- Commercial products available
- International promotion with high enthusiasm
Attractive features of IPv6
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TSB
1,32-bit address space,4x10
9
capacity,“was then (1970s) believed to be
adequate for all time”;
2,In 1980s,the,class based” structure was relaxed with,subnetting”,
“Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)”,NATs,etc.
3,In late 1990s,the address space is rapidly exhausted,and it is
estimated to be so by either 2005,or 2010
_______________________________________________________________
Truly the existing IPv4 will not work in the future,but:
? is its capacity really exhausted? (35% remains unassigned and many
assigned ones may be wasted)
? what happened to IPv4?
Problems of IPv4
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TSB
43%
6%
38%
6%
3%
4%
(Multicast)
ARIN
APNIC
RIPE NCC
Unallocated
Other Orgs.
(pre-RIR)
Source,The RIRs and IPv6 (Mirjam Kühne,RIPE NCC and Richard Jimmeson,ARIN)
at IPv6 Workshop,Geneva,6
th
May 2002
IANA Delegations – IPv4 Address Space
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TSB
27
54
55
(40%)
(40%)
(20%)
APNIC
ARIN
RIPE NCC
Source,The RIRs and IPv6 (Mirjam Kühne,RIPE NCC and Richard Jimmeson,ARIN)
at IPv6 Workshop,Geneva,6
th
May 2002
IPv6 Allocation
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TSB
BE,BR,CA,CH,
CN,CZ,DK,GR,HK
HU,IE,LT,MY,NO,
PT,SG,ES,
JP – 30 (24%)
US – 18 (15%)
KR – 11 (9%)
DE – 10 (8%)
JP
US
KR
DE
UK
EU MX
SE
FI
IT
AU
AT
FR
PL
RU
TW
NL
Other
Source,The RIRs and IPv6 (Mirjam Kühne,RIPE NCC and Richard Jimmeson,ARIN)
at IPv6 Workshop,Geneva,6
th
May 2002
IPv6 Distribution by Country 2001
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TSB
? Structure of IPv4 address is not the best one,(but neither is it very bad)
? Policy to assign the IPv4 address is not the best one,
first come,first serve
? Management of IPv4 addresses by academic institutions in the early
days,compared today with private agencies
? No deployment plans at global level,(from the bottom up)
? Preoccupation of a large amount of IPv4 addresses by those who do not
have the capacity to build up their proper infrastructure
? Government involvement is missed
? International cooperation is not sufficient
In short,IPv4 problems are not caused by technical factors only
My observations on IPv4 problems
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TSB
? IPv6 technical studies to be continued
? Need to avoid unexpectedly running out of capacity,as happened
for IPv4,bearing in mind that capacity limits of IPv4 may not be
the only problem
? Need to continue and expand experiences with IPv6
? Encourage international discussions
? ITU willing to contribute to the process of development
**********
Final considerations