目 录
第1章 金属的结构与性能............................1
1.1 金属的晶体结构.....................................1
1.1.1 晶体的概念..................................1
1.1.2 金属的晶体结构..........................2
1.1.3 晶体结构缺陷..............................7
1.2 合金的晶体结构...................................10
1.2.1 固溶体........................................11
1.2.2 金属化合物................................14
1.3 金属材料的性能...................................17
1.3.1 金属材料的力学性能................18
1.3.2 金属材料的工艺性能................26
小结................................................................28
本章习题........................................................29
第2章 金属的结晶........................................30
2.1 纯金属的结晶与铸锭...........................30
2.1.1 纯金属的结晶............................30
2.1.2 铸锭组织....................................35
2.2 合金的结晶...........................................37
2.2.1 二元合金相图的建立................37
2.2.2 匀晶相图....................................40
2.2.3 二元共晶相图............................41
2.2.4 二元包晶相图............................44
2.2.5 其他常用的二元合金相图
简介............................................46
2.3 结晶理论的应用实例...........................48
2.3.1 单晶制备....................................48
2.3.2 区域熔炼....................................49
2.4 二元相图的应用...................................49
小结................................................................51
本章习题........................................................51
第3章 铁碳合金.............................................53
3.1 铁碳合金的组元及基本相...................53
3.1.1 纯铁...........................................53
3.1.2 碳与渗碳体...............................55
3.2 Fe-Fe
3
C相图分析.................................56
3.2.1 相图中的点、线、区及其
意义...........................................56
3.2.2 包晶转变(水平线HJB).............57
3.2.3 共晶转变(水平线ECF),...........58
3.2.4 共析转变(PSK线).....................58
3.2.5 Fe-Fe
3
C相图中三条重要的
特征线.......................................59
3.3 铁碳合金平衡结晶过程及组织...........60
3.3.1 工业纯铁(含碳量小于
0.0218%)....................................60
3.3.2 共析钢(含碳量为0.77%),........61
3.3.3 亚共析钢(含碳量
0.0218%～0.77%),....................62
3.3.4 过共析钢(含碳量
为0.77%～2.11%),...................63
3.3.5 共晶白口铸铁(含碳量
为4.3%).....................................64
3.3.6 亚共晶白口铸铁(含碳量
为2.11%～4.3%),.....................65
3.3.7 过共晶白口铸铁(含碳量
为4.3%～6.69%),.....................66
3.4 铁碳合金的成分—组织—性能之间的
关系........................................................67
3.4.1 含碳量对平衡组织的影响.......67
3.4.2 含碳量对力学性能的影响.......68
3.4.3 含碳量对工艺性能的影响.......69
3.5 Fe-Fe
3
C相图的应用.............................70
3.5.1 Fe-Fe
3
C相图的应用.................70
3.5.2 应用铁碳合金相图应注意的
问题...........................................71
小结................................................................71
金属学与热处理
·VI·
·VI·
本章习题........................................................72
第 4章 金属的塑性变形与再结晶............73
4.1 单晶体的塑性变形...............................73
4.1.1 滑移变形....................................73
4.1.2 孪生变形....................................75
4.2 多晶体的塑性变形...............................76
4.3 金属的塑性变形对其组织和性能的
影响........................................................77
4.4 回复和再结晶.......................................79
4.4.1 回复............................................79
4.4.2 再结晶........................................79
4.4.3 晶粒长大....................................81
4.5 金属材料的热加工与控制...................81
小结................................................................86
本章习题........................................................87
第 5章 钢的热处理原理...............................88
5.1 钢g3324加热g7114的转变...............................88
5.1.1 转变g9213g5242....................................88
5.1.2 g3897g8675体的形成............................89
5.1.3 影响g3897g8675体转变g17907g5242的
g3252g13044............................................90
5.1.4 g3897g8675体的晶粒g5242及
其影响g3252g13044................................92
5.2 钢g3324g1931g2376g7114的转变...............................93
5.2.1 过g1931g3897g8675体的g12573g9213转变............94
5.2.2 过g1931g3897g8675体g17842g13505g1931g2376转变
g7366线..........................................104
5.2.3 过g1931g3897g8675体转变g7366线的
应用..........................................106
小结..............................................................107
本章习题......................................................107
第 6章 钢的热处理工艺.............................108
6.1 钢的g7234g17902热g3800理.................................108
6.1.1 g17876g9791..........................................108
6.1.2 g8503g9791..........................................110
6.1.3 g9152g9791..........................................110
6.1.4 回g9791..........................................116
6.2 钢的g15932g19766热g3800理.................................118
6.2.1 g5875应加热g15932g19766热g3800理.............118
6.2.2 g9791g9988加热g15932g19766热g3800理.............120
6.3 钢的化学热g3800理.................................121
6.3.1 渗碳.........................................121
6.3.2 g8706化.........................................123
6.3.3 碳g8706共渗(g12244g3315g1664渗)...............124
6.4 钢的热g3800理g7044g6228g7427.............................124
6.4.1 g2499控g8680g8687热g3800理.....................125
6.4.2 g11507g12366热g3800理.............................125
6.4.3 g12175g4388渗g6205热g3800理.....................126
6.4.4 形变热g3800理.............................127
6.4.5 g15932g19766g6228g7427.................................129
小结..............................................................130
本章习题......................................................130
第 7章 工业用钢...........................................132
7.1 概g17860.....................................................132
7.1.1 钢材的分g12879.............................132
7.1.2 钢的g13546g2507.................................133
7.2 工业用钢中合金元g13044的g1328用.............133
7.2.1 合金元g13044对钢组成相的
影响.........................................134
7.2.2 合金元g13044对钢组织转变的
影响.........................................135
7.3 碳g13044钢.................................................136
7.3.1 碳g13044结构钢.............................136
7.3.2 碳g13044工g1867钢.............................138
7.4 合金结构钢.........................................138
7.4.1 g1314合金g20652g5390g5242钢.....................138
7.4.2 渗碳钢.....................................140
7.4.3 合金g16855g17148钢.............................141
7.4.4 g5389g12795钢.....................................143
7.4.5 g9390g10676g17736g6227钢.............................145
7.5 合金工g1867钢.........................................146
7.5.1 合金g2007g1867钢.............................147
7.5.2 合金g8181g1867钢.............................151
7.5.3 合金量g1867钢.............................152
目 录
·VII·
·VII·
7.6 特g8542性能钢及合金.............................153
7.6.1 g993g19164钢......................................153
7.6.2 g13796热钢及合金..........................155
小结..............................................................157
本章习题......................................................157
第 8章 铸铁....................................................159
8.1 概g17860.....................................................159
8.1.1 铸铁的特点和分g12879..................159
8.1.2 铸铁的g11719g3708化..........................161
8.2 常用铸铁.............................................166
8.2.1 g9796铸铁......................................166
8.2.2 g10711g3708铸铁..................................171
8.2.3 g15849g3708铸铁..................................177
8.2.4 g2499g19215铸铁..................................178
8.2.5 特g8542性能铸铁..........................179
小结..............................................................180
本章习题......................................................181
第 9章 有色金属及其合金,.......................182
9.1 g19121及g19121合金.........................................182
9.1.1 工业纯g19121..................................182
9.1.2 g19121的合金化及g19121合金的
分g12879..........................................183
9.1.3 g19121合金的热g3800理......................184
9.1.4 形变g19121合金..............................185
9.1.5 铸g17908g19121合金..............................187
9.2 g19120及其合金.........................................189
9.2.1 纯g19120..........................................190
9.2.2 g19120的合金化..............................190
9.2.3 g21656g19120..........................................190
9.2.4 g19750g19120..........................................193
9.2.5 白g19120..........................................195
9.2.6 g17885g6333g19120合金的g2419g2029..................195
9.3 g19221及其合金.........................................197
9.3.1 概g17860..........................................197
9.3.2 变形g19221合金..............................198
9.3.3 铸g17908g19221合金..............................199
9.4 g19055及g19055合金.........................................200
9.4.1 g19055及其合金的特性..................200
9.4.2 常用g19055合金.............................202
9.5 滑g2172g17736g6227合金.....................................203
9.5.1 g19189基g17736g6227合金.........................204
9.5.2 g19097基g17736g6227合金.........................205
9.5.3 g19120基g17736g6227合金.........................205
9.5.4 g19121-g11719g3708复合材料...................205
小结..............................................................205
本章习题......................................................206
第 10章 材料研究新进展..........................207
10.1 复合材料...........................................207
10.1.1 复合材料的g4462义及
其分g12879...................................208
10.1.2 复合材料中g2520组元的基本
g1328用.......................................209
10.1.3 复合材料的特性...................210
10.1.4 复合材料的复合g7438理...........211
10.1.5 复合材料的应用...................213
10.1.6 复合材料的g2469g4649...................215
10.2 g2163能材料...........................................217
10.2.1 形g10378g16772g5530合金.......................217
10.2.2 g17241g4560材料...............................219
10.2.3 g1660g8694材料...............................223
10.2.4 g19762晶g5589合金...........................227
10.2.5 g7246能材料...............................230
10.2.6 g7811g5242g2163能材料.......................232
10.3 g13447g12871材料...........................................234
10.3.1 g13447g12871材料的分g12879...................235
10.3.2 g13447g12871材料的特性...................235
10.3.3 g13447g12871材料的应用...................238
小结..............................................................239
本章习题......................................................240
第 11章 机械零件的失效与分析............241
11.1 g7438g7812g19658g1226的g3845g6940与分析...................241
11.1.1 g7438g7812g19658g1226的g3845g6940形g5347...........241
11.1.2 g7438g7812g19658g1226的g3845g6940g2419g3252...........242
11.1.3 g3845g6940分析的g980g14336g7053g8873...........243
11.2 工程材料g17885g6333的基本g2419g2029...............244
11.2.1 g17885材的力学性能g2419g2029...........244
金属学与热处理
·VIII·
·VIII·
11.2.2 g17885材的工艺性能g2419g2029............245
11.2.3 g17885料的g13475g8994性g2419g2029................246
11.3 g21843g17730、g17736g12573工g1226的g17885材及
工艺g17347线分析....................................246
11.3.1 g21843g17730g12879g19658g1226............................246
11.3.2 g17736g12879g19658g1226................................247
11.3.3 g12677体g12879g19658g1226............................248
11.4 工程材料的应用g1042例.......................249
11.4.1 g8785g17722g19658g1226用材.......................249
11.4.2 g7438g5214g19658g1226用材.......................249
11.4.3 g1214g3132g1214g15932用材.......................251
小结..............................................................251
本章习题......................................................252
参考文献.............................................................253
