第一天[2003.02.14.]
abandon
vt,抛弃,离弃
The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.
那个狠心的男人遗弃了妻儿。
vt,放弃
They had abandoned all hope.
他们不再抱任何希望。
[考点]abandon+doing sth
ability
n,能力
I do not doubt your ability to the work,我不怀疑你干这项工作的能力。
[反]inability
aboard
adv,在船(飞机、车)上
Welcome aboard! 欢迎各位搭乘本机(船)!
adv,上船(飞机、车)
prep,在船(飞机、车)上; 上船(飞机、车)
abroad
adv.(在)国外,出国
Do you like being abroad? 你喜欢在国外生活吗?
[同]oversea
absence
n,缺乏,不在场;缺乏,没有
in the absence of definite information 没有确切消息的情况
[同]lack
[难点]
absence from 不在,缺乏
in the absence of 缺乏…的情况下
absent
adj,缺乏,不在
be absent from school 旷课
adj,茫然的,恍惚的
absentminded 心不在焉的
absolute
adj,绝对的,纯粹的,完全的
[同]complete
absolutely
adv,完全地,绝对地
absorb
vt,吸收
absorb knowledge 吸取知识
[同] take in
vt,吸引…的注意,使全神贯注
[考点]
be absorbed in … 全神贯注于…
abstract
adj,抽象的[反]concrete
n,摘要,梗概
an abstract of a speech 一篇演说的摘要
[同]summary
abundant
adj,丰富的,富有的,充裕的
[考点]
be abundant in 富于,富有
abuse
n,辱骂
shower abuse on sb,大骂某人
n,虐待;滥用
an abuse of trust 辜负别人的信任
vt,辱骂;虐待[同]ill-treat
vt,滥用
Don’t abuse your authority,不要滥用你的威信。
academic
adj,学院的,学术的;理论的
The issue is academic,此问题过于注重理论。
accelerate
v,加速;促进
[同]speed up
accent
n,口音,腔调
a Cockney accent 伦敦东区的口音
n,重音
acceptance
n,接受,同意;承认,认可
The proposal met with general acceptance,这个建议得到普遍的认可。
access
n,接近(或进入)的权利(方法或机会等)
Only high officials had access to the Emperor,只有高级官员可以接近皇帝。
n,通道,入口
[同]entrance
[难点]
have / gain access to 可以获得(或接近)…
accidental
adj,偶然的,意外的;附带的
accommodation
n.(pl.)住处,膳宿
accompany
vt,陪伴,陪同
He was accompanied by his secretary,他有秘书随行。
vt,伴随,和… 一起发生
lightning accompanied with thunder 雷电交加
vt,为…伴奏
The singer was accompanied at the piano by Gerald Moore.
该歌手由杰拉尔德·穆尔钢琴伴奏。
accomplish
vt,完成,实现
a man who will never accomplish anything,永远一事无成的人
vt,达到(目的等)
Can you accomplish your purpose?
你能达到目的吗?
accordance
n,一致,符合
[难点]
in accordance with 与… 一致,按照,根据
accordingly
adv,因此,于是;照着,相应地
account
n,叙述,说明;帐,账户
open an account 开户头
vi,(for)说明(原因等)
His illness accounts for his absence,他因为生病,所以才缺席。
[难点]
settle one’s account (with) 结清欠账;(喻)报复
on account of 由于,因此
on no account 决不(放句首时句子倒装)
take…into account 对…加以考虑
account for 说明…的原因
accumulate
v,积累,积聚
[同]pile up ; store up
accuracy
n,准确,正确性
[同]precision
n,精确度
accurate
adj,准确的,精确的
[同]exact,precise
accuse
vt,控告,告发
[难点]
accuse sb,of sth,控告某人…
The police accused him of murder,警方指控他谋杀。
accustomed
adj,(to)习惯的,惯常的
[难点]
be/become accustomed to sb./sth,习惯于… = be/become used to sb./sth.
achieve
vt,完成,实现
[同]accomplish,complete
vt,达到,得到
[同]attain
第二天[2003.02.15.]
achievement
n,完成,达到;成就,成绩
acid
adj,酸的,酸性的
n,酸,酸性物质
acquaintance
n,熟人
He has a wide circle of acquaintance,他交际很广。
n,从经验获得的知识,习知
He has some acquaintance with German,他略懂德文。
[难点]
make the acquaintance of sb,与某人相识
have a bowing / nodding acquaintance with sb,与某人有点头之交
acquire
vt,(由技术、能力、努力或行为而)获得、得到
acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文
[考点]
an acquire taste 嗜好
acre
n,英亩
action
n,行动,行动过程;作用
[难点]
bring/call sth,into action 使起作用,使生效,使操作
put/set sth,in action 实行,开动
put sth,out of action 使停止工作,使不适用
take action 开始行动,采取行动
the action on 对...的作用
activity
n,活动、活性
His time of full activity is past,他充满活力的时期已经过去了。
n,活动,所做或待做的事情
My numerous activities leave me little leisure,繁多的事务使我一点空闲也没有。
actor
n,男演员
actress
n,女演员
actually
adv,实际上
ad
n,广告
adapt
v,(使)适应,(使)适合
He adapt himself to his new conditions,他适应了新的环境。
v,改编,改写
The book is adapted to the needs of beginners,本书经过改写以适合初学者的需要。
[难点]
adapt...to,adapt to 适应,适合...
addition
n,加,加法;附加物
[难点]
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外
additional
adj,附加的,另外的
adequate
adj,足够的,充分的
$10 a week is not adequate to support a family,
十美元一周不足以维持一个家庭。
[反]inadequate
adjective
n,形容词
adjust
vt,调整,调节
The body adjusts itself to change in temperature.
身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。
[同]adapt
n,校正,校准
adjust the errors 校正错误
adjust the meters 校正仪表
administration
n,(事务,尤指公共事务,国家政策等)管理,经营;行政机关,局
Successive Administrations failed to solve the country's problems.
历届政府未能解决该国的问题。
admission
n,准许进入,准许加入
Admission free,不收门票。
n,承认,供认
by/on his own admission 如他自己所承认的
admit
v,承认,供认
I admitted my mistake,我承认我的错误。
I admitted to feeling ashamed of my conduct,我承认我对自己的行为感到惭愧。
[同]acknowledge ; confess
n,准许...进入,准许...加入
Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school each year,
该校每年只收一百名男生。
[难点]
承认,供认...
admit sth.
admit to doing sth.
admit doing sth.
adopt
vt,采用,采纳
European dress has been adopted by people in many parts of the world.
欧洲服饰为世界许多地方的人们所采用。
[考点]
adopted 作前置定语意为“收养的”,作后置定语为“采纳的”
adopted children 收养的孩子
methods adopted 采用的方法
adult
n,成年人[同]grown-up
adj,成年的,成熟的
[同]mature
advanced
adj,先进的,高级的
advantage
n,优点,有利条件
The school has many advantages,这学校具有很多优点。
[同]superiority
n,利益,好处
He gained little advantage from his visit to Landon.
他游历伦敦获益甚少。
[难点]
gain/have an advantage over 优于,胜过
in advantage of 利用,乘...之机
take advantage of 趁机利用
We should take advantage of these good conditions,
我们应充分利用这些良好的条件。
adventure
n,奇遇;冒险
adverb
n,副词
advertisement
n,广告;做广告,登广告
advisable
n,优点,有利条件
adj,明智的,可取的
[难点]
It is advisable that,.,+ should do (表示虚拟)
aeroplane
n,飞机 [同]airplane
affect
v,影响
The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
气候影响了雨量。
v,打动,感动
The audience was deeply affected.
听众深受感动。
affection
n,爱;感情
[难点]
have an affection for/towards sb,喜爱某人
afford
vt,负担得起,
I cannot afford the expense,我花不起这笔费用。
vt,供给,给予
[难点]
can't afford to do sth
afford sb,sth 提供某人某物
afterwards
adv,以后,后来
I did not remember the answer until afterwards,
到后来我才想起答案。
[同]after
第三天[2003.02.16.]
agency
n,代理(处),代办处
agent
n,代理人,代理商
a general agent 总代理商
law agent 法律顾问
a secret agent
密探
My agent has power to sign my name.
我的代理人有权代我签字。
n,经纪人
house agent
房产经纪人
n,作用者;作用物;动因
Rain and sun are the agents that help plants to grow.
雨水和太阳是促使植物成长的因素。
aggressive
adj,侵略的,好斗的;敢做敢为的,有进取心的
agreement
n,同意、一致
We are in agreement on that point,在那一点上我们意见一致。
[同]harmony
n,协定,协议
come to an agreement with sb,与某人达成协议
[考点]
in agreement with 同意…
aid
n,援助,救护
[同]support
n,助手,辅助物
vt,帮助,援助
He came to aid me to buy this box,他来帮我买下箱子。
aircraft
n,(单复数同型)飞机,飞行器
airline
n,(飞机的)航线;航空公司
airplane
n,飞机
alarm
n,警报,报警器;惊慌
vt,使警觉;使惊恐
Don’t alarm yourself,不要惊慌。
vt,向…报警
alcohol
n,酒精,乙醇
[同]liquor,spirits
alike
adj,相同的,相像的
The two brothers are very much alike,这两兄弟非常相像。
alloy
n,合金
alloy steel 合金钢
v,使成合金,搀和
alphabet
n,字母表
alter
vt,改变,变更
The nuclear structure is altered,核结构发生了变化。
alternative
n,供选择的东西;取舍,抉择
adj,两者择一的;供选择的
altitude
n,高度,海拔
[同]height ; elevation
aluminium / aluminum
n,铝
amaze
vt,使惊奇;使惊愕,使惊叹
[同]surprise ; astonish
ambition
n,雄心,抱负;野心
A boy who fills ambition usually works hard,一个胸怀大志的男孩通常很用功。
ambulance
n,救护车
amount
vi,(to)合计,共计
His debt amount to $5000,他的债务共达5000美元。
[同]add up (to) ; number ; total
vi,等同,接近
What he said amount to nothing,他的话不重要。
[同]correspond (to); equal ; (be)equal (to)
amuse
vt,给…以消遣,给…以娱乐
We amused ourselves with the cat while we waited,我们在等待时以逗猫为乐。
[同]entertain.
analysis
n,(pl.)analyses 分析,分解
Chemical analysis of water yields hydrogen and oxygen.
水经化学分解会产生氢和氧。
n,分析结果
in the final analysis 归根到底
analyse
vt,分析,分解
It was analysed by a strain energy method.
这是用应变能力方法解决的。
ancestor
n,祖宗,祖先;动物品种的原型;(法律)被继承人
anchor
n,锚,锚状物
cast (drop)anchor 抛锚
vi,抛锚
The ship anchored in the harbor,这条船在港口抛锚。
ancient
adj,古代的,古老的
angle
n,角,角度;观点,看法
What angle are you writing this story? 你是从何种观点写这故事?
[同]viewpoint
[难点]
at the angle (of…) 从…角度
an acute (a sharp) angle 锐角
a right angle 直角
an obtuse angle 钝角
ankle
n,踝,踝关节
hurt one’s left ankle at broad jump 跳远时伤了左踝
announcer
n,报幕员,播音员第四天[2003.02.17.]
annoy
vt,使烦恼,使生气
She is annoyed at his question,她对他的质问感到恼怒。
vt,打搅
[同] bother
annual
adj,每年的,年度的
n,年鉴
ant
n,蚂蚁
anticipate
vt,预料,期望
We don’t anticipate much trouble,我们不希望有太多的麻烦。
[同]foresee,expect
[难点]
anticipate + doing
anxiety
n,焦虑,担心;渴望,担忧
[同]eagerness
[难点]
anxiety to see hime
anyhow
adv,无论如何,不管怎样
Anyhow I must finish this work today,我今天必须完成这项工作。
adv,不论用何种方法
anyway
adv,无论如何,不管怎样
[同]anyhow
apart
adv,分开,分离
The pages are stuck together and I can’t pull them apart.
这几页粘在一起。
adv,相隔,相距
They are a thousand miles apart,他们相隔1000英里。
adv,除去,撇开(与from连用)
Wood and coal have been man’s primary sources of energy apart from direct solar heat.
除去直接的太阳热以外,木材和煤一直是人类的主要能源。
apartment
n,房间;一套公寓房间[同]flat
apologize
vt,道歉,认错
[难点]
apologize to sb,for sth,为…向某人道歉
apology
n,道歉,认错
[难点]
make / offer apology to sb,for sth,为某事向某人道歉
express one’s apology 表示歉意
present one’s apology 致以歉意
apparatus
n,器械,器具,设备
[同]equipment,appliance,tackle
apparent
adj,表面上的,
[同]seeming [反]actual
adj,显然的,明明白白的
[同]evident,obvious
appeal
vi,呼吁,恳求
The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy.
囚犯恳求法官开恩。
[同]plead
vi,申诉
appeal against a decision 不服判决而上诉
vi,(to)诉诸,求助
[同]resort
vi,吸引
Do these paintings appeal to you? 你对这些画感兴趣吗?
[同]attract
n,呼吁,要求[同]plea
n,申诉;吸引力[同]attraction
[难点]
appeal to sb,for sth,为某事向某人呼吁
appeal to sb,to do sth,呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb,对某人有吸引力
make an appeal for … 恳求…
appearance
n,出现,露面
make one’s first appearance 初次登台
n,外观,外貌
[难点]
keep up appearance 顾全面子,撑场面
in appearance 外表上看起来
appetite
n,食欲,胃口;欲望[同]desire
[难点]
have an appetite for 对…有欲望
appliance
n,器具,器械,装置
applicable
adj,适当的,合适的,可应用的
[同]appropriate,suitable
[难点]
be applicable to sth./doing sth,适合于…,适应于…
application
n,申请,申请表;应用,实施
[难点]
(make an)application to sb,for sth,向某人提出…申请
application of sth,to sth,…至…的应用
apply
v,申请,请求
apply to the Consul for a visa 向领事申请签证
v,应用,运用,适用
We can apply his findings in new developments,我们可将他的调查结果应用于新开发中。
[难点]
apply to sb,for sth,向某人申请…
apply sth to sth,将…应用于…
apply oneself (one’s mind/one’s energies) to (doing) sth,全神贯注与…
appoint
vt,约会,指定;任命,委托
They appointed him director of the office,他们委任他为办公室主任。
[难点]
appoint sb,(to be ) + 职务
appointment
n,约会,预定
keep (break)an appointment 践(违)约
n,职位;任命,选派
appreciate
vt,感激,感谢
I deeply appreciate your kindness,我深深地感谢你的好意。
vt,正确评价
appreciate sth,by a high standard 以高标准鉴赏某物
vt,欣赏
[难点]
appreciate (one’s)doing
approach
n,途径,方法
all the approach to the top of the hill 通往山顶的所有通道
n,接近 by easy of approach 容易接近
vt,靠近,接近
I saw a figure approaching me,我看见一个人影朝我走来。
vt,探讨
vt,向…靠近;与…打交道
approach sb,on sth,为某事与某人打交道
[难点]
appropriate for / to sth,对…适当的;适合于…的
approval
n,赞同,同意
Do not lightly or disapproval 别轻易表示赞同或反对
n,批准,审定,通过
He gave his approval to the plan,他批准了这项计划。
approve
v,批准,通过
approve a project 批准方案
[同]agree officially
v,赞同,同意
They approved of my decision,他们赞成我的决定。
[难点]
approve sth,批准…
approve of sth,赞同,同意
approve of sb,doing
approximate
adj,近似的,大约的
vi,(to)近似,接近
His description of the event approximated to the truth.
他对于这件事的描述很接近于事实。
[难点]
be approximate to sth,接近于…的
approximate to sth,近似,接近
arbitrary
adj,任意的,随心所欲的;专横的,专断的
architecture
n,建筑学,建筑术;建筑式样,建筑风格第五天[2003.02.18.]
argue
vt,辩论,争论
We are arguing with each other about the justice of the war.
我们正在争论这场战争的正义性.
vi,辩论,争论;说服
[考点]
argue with (against) sb,About (on) sth,与某人辩论某事
argue against (for)… 为反对(或赞成)…而辩论
argument
n,辩论;论点;论据,理由
arise
(arose ; arisen )
vi,出现
A new problem has arisen,出现了一个新问题.
vi,升起,起来(与from连用)
Accidents arose from carelessness,事故产生了疏忽.
arithmetic
n,算术
arouse
vt,引起,激起,唤起
His sufferings aroused out sympathy,他的痛苦引起我们的同情.
vt,唤醒
[同]awaken
[难点]
arouse sb,from … 从…中唤醒某人
arouse sb,to do sth,唤起某人做…
arrange
v,安排,准备工作
I have arranged for a car to meet you at the airport,我已备妥一部汽车到飞机场来接你.
v,整理,排列,布置
She’s good at arranging flowers,她擅长插花.
[难点]
arrange for sb,/ sth,to do sth,安排…做…
arrangement
n,整理,排列;(常用复数)布置,安排
to make arrangement for … 做好…的准备
arrest
v,逮捕,拘留;抑制
n,逮捕,拘留;阻止
[难点]
arrest sb,for… 因…而逮捕某人
arrest sb,on a charge of … 以…罪而逮捕某人
arrival
n,到来,到达
They signed in the arrival upon a sheet,他们在一张纸上签到.
n,到达的人或物
arrow
n,箭;箭头符号
artificial
adj,人工的,人造的;虚假的,做作的
[难点]
artificial rainfall ( respiration ) 人工降雨
artificial insemination ( selection ) 人工授精(选择)
artificial fiber ( silk ) 人造纤维(丝)
artist
n,艺术家,美术家
artistic
adj,艺术(家)的
ash
n,(pl.)灰,灰末
burn sth,to ashes 把某物烧成灰烬;骨灰,遗骨
Asian
adj,亚洲的,亚洲人的
n,亚洲人
aside
adv,在旁边,到(或向)一边
[考点]aside from = apart from 除…以外(还有)
aspect
n,样子,外表,面貌
We become afraid of a man with a serious aspect.
我们害怕外貌严肃的人.
n,方面,方位
We should consider a problem in all its aspect.
我们应该全面地考虑问题.
assemble
v,集合,调集
The pupils were assembled in the school hall,学生们在学校礼堂集合.
v,组装,装配
assemble a watch 装配手表
assembly
n,集合,集会
freedom of speech and assembly 言论和集会的自由
the U.N,General Assembly 联合国大会
n,装配
assess
vt,估价,评价
They assessed the house at 15,000 Yuan,他们给房子估价为15,000元.
vt,征收
assign
vt,指派,选派
Two pupils were assigned to sweep the classroom,两个学生被指派打扫教室.
vt,分配,布置(作业)
The teacher assigned homework to pupils,老师给学生布置家庭作业.
vt,指定(时间、地点等)
Has a day been assigned for the trial? 审讯日期是否已定?
[难点]
assign sth,to sb,/ sth,把…分配给…
assign sb,to sth,/ to do sth,指派某人做…
assignment
n,(分派的)任务,(指定的)作业
[同]task
n,分配,指派
assist
vt,援助,协助,帮助
assistance
n,帮助,援助
[同]help
[难点]
give / lend / render assistance to sb,= come to sb.’s assistance = be of assistance to sb,
帮助,援助某人
associate
vt,使发生联系,把…与…联合在一起
I always associate that song with my visit to Hawaii,
听到那首歌我就联想到我的夏威夷之行.
[同]connect
vi,交往,结合
Never associate with bad companions 别和坏人交往.
n,伙伴,同事,合伙人
adj,副的
associate professor 副教授
[难点]
associate … with … 把…与…联合在一起 = link … to / relate … to (with) /
combine … with / connect … with
associate with 与…交往(合伙)
association
n,协会,社团
freedom of speech,press,assembly and association 言论,出版,集会和结社的自由
n,联系,交往
assume
vt,假定,设想
assume a statement to be correct 假定一种说法是正确的
vt,承担
assume office 就职
vt,采取,呈现
assume a look of innocence 装出一副无辜的神情
[难点]
assuming that … (引导条件状语从句)假如
assure
vt,使确信,使放心
He assured me that the repairs would be finished tomorrow,他告诉我修理工作明天一定结束.
[同]convince
vt,保证,保障
[难点]
assure sb,of 使某人相信,向某人保证…
astonish
vt,使惊讶,使吃惊
The news astonished everybody,这消息令每个人感到惊愕.
[难点]
astonishing 令人惊讶的
astonished (被动意义)受惊的
astronaut
n,宇航员第六天[2003.02.19.]
athlete
n,运动员,体育家
Atlantic
adj,大西洋的
n,(the)大西洋的
atmosphere
n,空气 ; 大气,大气层; 气氛,环境;大气压
atom
n,原子;微量
blow sth,to atoms 把某物炸得粉碎
atomic
adj,原子的,原子能的
attach
vt,贴上,系上
attach a bell to a bike 在自行车上装个铃
vt,使依附,使隶属
a worker’s college attached to a plant 附属于工厂的工人大学
vt,使依恋,使喜爱
[难点]
be attached to … 附属于… ; 爱慕…
attach importance to … 重视…
attain
vt,达到,获得
attain one’s hopes 实现其希望
[同]gain,accomplish
vi,( to ) 到达,达到 attain to perfection 到达完美
[同] reach,arrive at
attempt
vt,试图,努力,尝试
[同]endeavor
n,企图,努力,试图
[难点]
make an attempt at doing (= to do )sth,试图做某事名词attempt后常用不定式做定语.
His attempt to escape is fail,他尝试着逃跑,却失败了.
attentive
adj,注意的,当心的,聚精会神的
attitude
n,姿态
He stood there is a threatening attitude,他以威胁的姿态站在那里.
[同]position
n,意见,看法
What is your attitude towards this question? 你对这问题的态度如何?
[难点]
“态度”之后用to或towards
attitude towards criticism 对批评的态度
“姿势”之后用of
attitude of flight 飞行姿态
attract
vt,吸引
Like attracts like,物以类聚.
Vt,引起(注意,兴趣等),诱惑
He was irresistibly attracted by the beauty of the lake,他情不自禁地被湖上的美景迷住了.
attraction
n,吸引
[同]appeal
n,吸引人的事物 ; (物理上的)引力
attractive
adj,有吸引力的;引起兴趣的;有魅力的
attribute
vt,( to )把…归因于,把…归咎于
He attributes his success to hard work,他认为他的成功是努力工作的结果.
n,属性,特性
[同] quality,character
[难点]
attribute … to sb,/ sth,把…归因于…
audience
n,听众,观众 ; 读者 ; 接见,谒见
The Premier granted an audience to the ambassador.
总理接见大使.
author
n,作家,作者 ; [同] writer ; 创始人
authority
n,权威,威信,权力
Who gives you authority to do this? 谁授权你做这件事?
n,职权,权限
by the authority of 承蒙许可
n,(用复数)当局
the government authorities 政府当局
auto
n,汽车
automatic
adj,自动的
The heating system here has an automatic temperature control,
此处的暖气系统有自动化的温度控制.
adj,无意识的
automobile
n,汽车,机动车
the automobile industry 汽车工业
auxiliary
adj,辅助的,补助的
an auxiliary verb 助动词
available
adj,可用的,可得到的
These data are readily available,这些资料易于得到.
adj,通用的,有效的
The ticket is available on the day of issue,此票仅发行当天有效.
avenue
n,林荫路,大街 ; 途径,手段
Books are avenues to knowledge,书是通向知识的道路.
average
n,平均数,平均 [同]mean
adj,平均的 ; [同]mean
adj,平常的,普通的 [同] ordinary,usual
v,平均
The rainfall averages 36 inches a year,雨量平均每年达36英寸.
[难点]
on (an / the ) average 平均而言,根据平均标准
avoid
vt,避免,回避
We only just avoided an accident,我们幸免于一场灾祸.
vt,躲开
[难点]
avoid + doing
avoid being seen
await
vt,等候,期待
I await your answer,我等候你的答复.
[难点]
await sb./sth,= wait for sb,/ sth,等候某人(某事)
award
vt,授予,给与,判给
award prize to sb,授奖于某人
n,奖,奖品
the first award 一等奖
n,判决
[难点]
award sb,sth,= award sth,to sb,
aware
adj,(用作表语)知道的,意识到的(of);认识的
[难点]
be aware of… 意识到…
awful
adj,令人畏惧的
The pain is awful,疼痛得可怕.
adj,极坏的;糟糕的
awkward
adj,笨拙的,不熟练的
The child is still awkward with his chopstick,那孩子用筷子还不太熟练.
adj,尴尬的
I was the only man among the guests and felt rather awkward.
我是客人中唯一的男性,感到有些窘迫.
第七天[2003.02.20.]
ax
n,(pl.) axes 斧子
v,用斧子砍
background
n,经历;背景;幕后
keep ( stay ) in the background 隐在幕后
backward
adj,向后的,倒行的 ; 落后的
adv,倒;向后;
bacteria
n,细菌 (pl,bacterium )
badminton
n,羽毛球
baggage
n,行李,包袱
two pieces of baggage 两件行李
[同]luggage
balance
v,称;对比,平衡
balance the two plans 比较两个计划
n,差额;结余,余款;天平
[同]scales
balloon
n,气球,玩具气球
band
n,乐队(尤指管乐队)[同]orchestra
n,带子;波段;一群,一伙
vt,缚,绑扎;联合,团结
bang
n,砰一声 ; 猛击
v,猛撞,猛击,砰地(把门)关上
He banged his fist on the table,他用拳头猛击桌子.
Bar
n,杆,条棒,闩
horizontal bar 单杠
n,障碍,妨碍 ; 酒吧间
vt,闩上,阻挡
Nothing could bar them from meeting each other.没有任何东西能够阻止他们会面.
vt,妨碍
barber
n,理发师 barber’s shop 理发店
bare
adj,赤裸的,光秃的,空的;仅有的,勉强的[同]not more than
vt,露出,暴露
bare one’s head 脱帽
bargain
v,讨价还价,议价
After ten minutes of parleys the bargain was made,经过十分钟的谈判终于成交.
v,成交
n,交易;廉价货;契约
[同]agreement
barrel
n,桶;枪管
barrier
n,栅栏,关卡
Show your ticket at the barrier 到车站入口处请出示车票
n,障碍,障碍物
[难点]
be barrier to doing sth,是(做)…的障碍
set up barrier against 对…设置障碍
put up barrier to do sth,设障
basic
adj,基本的,基础的
[同]fundamental
basically
adv,基本上,从根本上说
basis
n,(pl.) bases
根据;基础
[难点]
on the basis of 根据
bat
n,球拍;蝙蝠
battery
n,电池组,(一)组
bay
n,海湾,港湾 ( 比cove大,比gulf小)
the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾
BC / B.C.
公元前
beam
n,梁,横梁;(光线的)束,柱
v,发射,定向发出;微笑
Her face beams with joy,她喜形于色.
bean
n,豆,荚豆;豆科植物
bear
v,忍受,容忍
She can’t bear to be laughed at,她不能忍受被取笑.
[同]endure ; tolerate
v,负担,承担
bear a heavy load 负重担
[同]carry
v,结(果实),生(孩子)
bear a child 产一婴儿
[同]give birth to
[难点]
bear away 夺得,赢得(奖品等)
bear down on/upon 冲向…,袭击…
bear on / upon 与…有关系,对…有影响
bear sb,/ sth,out 证实…,为某人作证
bear up 鼓起勇气,坚强起来
bear with sb,耐心对待,忍受某人
beard
n,(下巴的)胡须
He wears a beard,他留着胡须.
beast
n,野兽,牲畜
[同] animal,brute
beef
n,牛肉
roast beef 烤牛肉
beer
n,啤酒
small beer 微不足道何不重要的事物第八天[2003.02.21.]
begger
n,乞丐,穷人
behalf
n,利益;方面;支持;代表
[难点]
on behalf of / on one's behalf 代表,以某人的名义
I am speaking on behalf of my class,我代表我们班级发言。
in behalf of 为...的利益
behave
vi,举动,举止,表现
The children do not know how to behave,孩子们不懂规矩礼貌。
[同]act,perform
vi,运转,开动
vt,使运转正常;(接oneself)使举止好
behavior
n,行为,举止;习性,特性
being
n,生物,人
the Supreme Being 上帝
n,生存,生命
It is man's social being that determines his thingking.
人们的社会存在,决定人们的思想。
[难点]
come into being 产生,形成
belief
n,信任,相信;信仰,信条
religious beliefs 宗教信仰
beloved
adj,受爱戴的,敬爱的
n,被爱戴的人
belt
n,带,腰带;地带
beneath
prep,在...下边,在...之下
The river flows beneath the old bridge,小河从那古老的桥下流过。
prep,不值得
beneath notice 不值得注意
adv,在下方,在底下
[难点]
beneath one's dignity 有失身份
beneath contempt 卑鄙到了极点
beneficial
adj,有益的,有利的,有助的
[难点]
be beneficial to 有益于...
benefit
n,利益,好处
vt,有利于
This sunshine will benefit the farmers,这样的阳光对农民有好处。
vi,受益(与)
The factory benefited from the new machines,这家工厂获益于新机器。
[同]profit (from)
[难点]
for the benefit of 为...利益
bet
vt,打赌;与(某人)打赌
n,打赌,赌注
Bible
n,圣经
billion
n,十亿
bind
vt,捆绑,束缚;包扎
biology
n,生物学,生物
biscuit
n,饼干,点心
bite
v,咬,叮
The dog bit me in the leg,那狗咬了我的腿。
n,咬,叮
eating sth,at one bite 一口将某物吃下
blade
n,刀刃,刀片
blank
n,空白,空格
Leave a blank after each word,每个词后面要留出空白
adj,空白的,空着的;失色的,没有表情的
blast
vt,爆炸,爆破;炸毁
n,一阵(风);一股(气流);爆炸,冲击波
bleed
v,出血,流血
He was slowly bleeding to death,他正慢慢失血而死。
blend
v,混合
blended whisky 混合威士忌
[同]mix,compound
bloom
n,花,花朵;开花
in full bloom 盛开
vi,开花,繁盛
boast
n,自夸
vt,夸口,夸耀
vi,自夸
[难点]
boast (of/about) 夸耀...
bold
adj,大胆的;冒失的;粗大的;黑体的
bolt
n,螺栓,插销
v,闩门;关窗;拴住
bomb
n,炸弹
vt,轰炸,投弹于
bond
n,联结,结合;约束,契约;公债,债券
a baby bond 小额债券
treasure bond 国库券
n,(复数)镣铐
in bonds 在监禁中
burst one's bonds 获得自由
boot
n,靴子,长筒靴第九天[2003.02.22.]
border
n,边界,边境 ; 边,边沿 ; 边缘
vt,与…接壤
China borders on / upon Korea in the east,中国东部与朝鲜接壤.
vt,接近
The new airport borders the city on the south,新机场靠近城市的南面.
bore
n,孔,洞
[同]hole
n,钻孔器
[同]drill
v,使人讨厌;钻孔
bother
vt,烦扰,打扰
He bothered me for money,他找我要钱.
vi,烦恼,操心
Don’t bother about answering this,不必费心回复.
n,麻烦,焦虑
bounce
v,(使)弹起,(使)反弹,(使)颠跳
The old car bounced along the bad roads,这辆旧车在坏路上颠簸而行.
n,弹,反弹
[同]spring
bound
adj,一定的,必然的
It’s bound to rain soon,不久一定会下雨.
adj,受约束的,有义务的
We are bound to carry out this plan,我们有义务完成这项计划.
adj,(for,to)准备到…去,开往(或驶往)…的
The ship is bound for Finland,此船开往芬兰.
[同]make for,head for
[难点]
be bound to do sth,一定会干…,应当干…
be bound for = make for =head for 前往…,开往…
boundary
n,分界线,边界
bow
v,鞠躬,点头
bow one’s thanks 鞠躬表示谢意
.n,弓,弓形物;蝴蝶结
brake
vt,制动,刹车
n,制动器,刹车
The driver put on the brake suddenly,司机将车紧急刹住.
brand
n,商标,牌子;标记,烙印
vt,使铭记
These frightful experiences are branded on his memory,这些可怕的经历使他铭记不忘.
brass
n,黄铜,黄铜器
breadth
n,宽度,幅度
breast
n,胸脯,乳房
breed
vt,(使)繁殖,饲养;教养,抚养
He was bred for the church,他被培养做牧师.
vi,繁殖
Rabbits breed quickly,兔子繁殖很快.
breeze
n,微风,和风
brick
n,砖,砖状物
bride
n,新娘
brief
adj.简短的,概要的,简洁的,短暂的
to be brief 简单地说
vt,简短介绍,简要汇报
n,概要,摘要
in brief 简单地说
brighten
v,发光,发亮
These flowers brighten the classroom,这些花朵使教师生辉.
[同]illuminate
v,使快活,使活跃
brilliant
adj,辉煌的,灿烂的
The lights were far too brilliant,灯光太耀眼了.
adj,卓越的,有才华
broad
adj,宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽容的,豁达的
broadcast
v,广播,播音
The B.B.C broadcasts the news at 9 p.m.
n,广播,广播节目
broken
adj,易碎的,被破坏的;支离破碎的,不连贯的
broken English 蹩脚的英语
brow
n,眉,眉毛
knit one’s brow 皱眉头
n,额
bubble
n,泡,水泡,气泡
vi,冒泡,沸腾
The tea bubbled in the pot,壶里的茶水开了.
bucket
n,水桶,提桶,吊桶
bulb
n,灯泡,球状物
bulk
n,容积,体积
Great bulk does not always mean great weight,体积不大一定总是重量大.
n,大批,大量,大块
The oceans from the bulk of the earth’s surface.
地球的表面大部分是海洋.
Bullet
n,子弹,子弹状物
fire a bullet at the enemy 向敌人开枪
bundle
n,捆,包,束
We collected a bundle of old clothes to be given them,
我们收集了一大包旧衣服准备送给他们.
burden
n,担子;重量,负担
There is no doubt that all this puts a considerable burden on the teachers.
毫无疑问,这一切都大大增加了教师的负担.
第十天[2003.02.23.]
bureau
n,(pl.) bureaux
司,处
the Tax Bureau 税务局
button
n,扣子
fasten (unfasten) button 扣(解开)扣子
n,按钮
vi,扣上,扣紧
My collar won’t button,我的领子扣不起来
vt,扣钮扣
button one’s coat 扣起外衣纽扣
cabbage
n,洋白菜,卷心菜
cabin
n,船舱,机舱
What is the charge in the first cabin? 头等舱的票价是多少?
n,小屋
cabinet
n,内阁
cabinet council 内阁会议
n,橱,柜
cable
n,缆,索,钢索绳
the crane cable 起重机吊索
n,电缆
the submarine cable 海底电缆
n,电报
vt,发电报
We cabled him our congratulations,我们打电报向他祝贺。
café
n,咖啡馆,小餐厅
cage
n,笼子,鸟笼;电梯室
the cage of an elevator 电梯厢
calculate
vt,计算 [同]compute
vt,推测,估计;打算,计划
calculation
n,计算,计算结果
calculator
n,计算器
calendar
n,日历,月历
camel
n,骆驼
camera
n,照相馆
campaign
n,战役
The general planned a campaign to capture the city,将军制定了夺取该市战役的计划。
campus
n,(大学)校园
on the campus of 在…校园内
canal
n,运河,渠
The Panama Canal joins two ocean,巴拿马运河连接两大洋。
cancel
vt,取消,把…作废
The meeting has been canceled,会议取消了。
vt,删掉,划掉
cancel a word 把字删掉
cancer
n,癌,肿瘤
candidate
n,候选人,候补者
The labour candidate was elected,工党候选人当选。
capable
adj,有能力的,有才能的
a very capable pilot 技能熟练的飞行员
[同]competent
adj,能…的,可以…的
The dog is capable of biting you if you go too near,你如果太靠近,那狗可能会咬你。
be capable of …,有…能力的,有…倾向的;有…可能的,可以…的
capacity
n,容量,容积
The hall has a seating capacity of 1000,这个大厅可坐1000人。
n,能力,理解力
capture
n,俘获;缴获品
vt,捕获
We captured the butterflies with net,我们用网捕蝴蝶。
vt,夺得
Fifteen medals were captured by the Chinese team at 1984 Olympic Games.
中国队在1984年奥运会上夺得了15块金牌。
carbon
n,碳(化学)
career
n,职业
She chose acting as her career,她选择了演戏作为自己的职业。
[同]job ; profession
n,经历,生涯
She abandoned her stage career,她放弃了舞台生涯。
cargo
n,船货,货物
ship the cargo 装货
cargo capacity 载货容量
carpenter
n,木工,木匠
carpet
n,地毯
carriage
n,(火车)客车厢,马车第十一天[2003.02.24.]
carrier
n,运输工具
case
n,情况,事实
That’s not the case,那不是事情的真相.
[同]fact
n,病例;案件 ; 箱,盒
[难点]
a case in point 恰当的例子
as the case may be 看情况
in this ( that ) case 如果这样(那样)的话
in any case 无论如何
in case of 假使,万一
in the case of 就…而言 = as far as…be concerned
in no case (在任何情况下)决不(放于句首时常用倒装结构)
in case 假使,以防万一 = lest = for fear that
cash
n,现金,现款
vt,兑换现款,付(或收)现款
Can you cash the check for me? 你能将这张支票兑换成现金吗?
[难点]
cash on delivery 货到付款
cash price 现金售价
a cash register 现金出纳机
cassette
n,盒式录音带
cast
v,扔,投
The fisherman cast his net into the water,渔夫撒网于水中.
[同]throw
v,浇铸,铸造
a figure cast in bronze 青铜铸成的人像
casual
adj,偶然的,碰巧的
[同]accidental
adj,随便的,非正式的
[同]informal
adj,临时的
[同]temporary
catalog(ue)
n,目录,目录册
vt,编目录
cease
n,停止,中止
vt,停止,中止
They must immediately cease all their provocation,他们必须立即停止一切挑衅.
vi,停止,中止
They suddenly ceased from talking,他们突然停止谈话.
celebrate
v,庆祝
celebrate a victory 庆祝胜利
cell
n,细胞;电池
a dry cell 干电池
a secondary cell 蓄电池
cement
n,水泥;胶泥,
centimeter
n,厘米
central
adj,中心的,中央的;中枢的;主要的
the central idea of the article 文章的主题思想
ceremony
n,仪式,典礼;礼节,礼仪
certainty
n,必然,肯定;必然的事
certificate
n,证书,证件
marriage certificate 结婚证书
import ( export ) certificate 进口(出口)许可证
n,执照
The driver’s certificate has been suspended for three months,
司机的执照以被吊销三个月了.
[同] licence
challenge
n,挑战
vt,向…挑战
He challenged me to try again,他挑动我再试一次.
chamber
n,会议厅,室
champion
n,冠军,优胜者
channel
n,海峡
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
n,信道,波道,频道
the microwave channel 微波信道
n,路线,途径
chapter
n,章,回,篇
character
n,性格,品质
a woman of fine character 性情很好的女人
[同]nature,personality
n,特性,特征
[同]feature,characteristic
n,人物,角色
[同]role
n,(书写或印刷)符号,(汉)字
[同]symbol,letter
characteristic
adj,特有的,独特的
n,特征,特性
What are the characteristics that distinguish Chinese and Japanese?
中国人和日本人的不同特征是什么?
charge
vt,索价,收费
They charged eighteen pence an hour,他们每小时收费18便士.
vt,控告,指控
They charged him with murder,他们指控他犯了谋杀罪.
vt,充电,使带电
n,(常用复数)费用
These courses involved extra charges,这些课程需额外收费.
[难点]
in charge of 负责,主管
take charge of 负责看管
chart
n,图表;航(线)图,海图
a flight chart 航空图
chase
vt,追,赶,追逐
The police chased the thief,警察在追赶小偷.
vi,追赶
She is always chasing from one store to another,
她总是匆匆地从这家商店赶到那家商店.
n,追逐
[同]pursuit
cheat
n,骗子,欺诈
v,欺骗,骗取;作弊
[难点]
cheat sb,out of sth,骗取某人某物
cheat in / at sth,在某事中作弊
cheek
n,面颊,脸
cheerful
adj,愉快的,高兴的第十二天[2003.02.25.]
cheese
n,干酪,乳酪
chemical
adj,化学的
chemical change 化学变化
chemical composition 化学成分
adj,化学上用的
n,(常用复数)化学制品,化学药品
corrosive chemical 腐蚀剂
chemist
n,化学家;药剂师
chemist’s shop 药房
cheque
n,支票
a bare cheque 不记名支票
a crossed cheque 划线支票
chess
n,棋,国际象棋
have a game of chess 下一盘棋
play (at) chess 下象棋
chew
v,咀嚼
Chew your food well before you swallow it,食物在吞咽前要仔细咀嚼。
childhood
n,幼年,童年
childish
adj,孩子气的,幼稚的
chill
vt,使变冷,使冷冻,使感到冷
to be chilled to the bone 寒冷彻骨
n,风寒,寒战
catch a chill 受寒
n,(仅用单数)寒冷,寒气
There’s quite a chill in the air this morning,今天早晨的空气颇有寒意。
chimney
n,烟囱,烟筒
chin
n,下巴,颏
cup one’s chin in one’s hands 用双手托着下巴
vi,聊天,唠叨
[难点]
have a chin 闲谈,聊天
china
n,瓷器;
blue china 青瓷
chocolate
n,巧克力
choke
vi,窒息,噎住
choke with anger 气的说不出话来
vt,阻塞,堵塞
The chimney is almost choked (up)with soot,烟囱几乎被烟垢堵住。
vt,闷死
chop
vt,斩,砍,劈
chop down a tree 砍下一棵树
[同]cut
n,排骨,肉排
lamb chop 羊排
veal chop 小牛排
Christian
n,基督教徒
adj,基督教的
the Christian era 公元
cigarette
n,纸烟,卷烟
cigarette case 香烟盒
circuit
n,电路,线路;环行,巡回
[难点]
make a circuit of 环行一周,巡视一周
circular
adj,圆形的;环绕的;循环的
a circular motion 圆周运动
circulate
v,(使)循环,(使)流通
Blood circulates through the body,血在人体内循环。
circumference
n,圆周,周长
circumstance
n,(复数)情况,形势;(复数)境况,境遇
in flouring circumstances 生活阔绰
[难点]
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下,情况既然如此
in/under no circumstances 无论如何不,决不
citizen
n,公民
a Chinese citizen 中国公民
n,平民
a plain citizen 平民百姓
civil
adj,市民的,民用的;国内的
a civil war 内战
adj,有礼貌的,文明的
be civil to strangers 对陌生人要有礼貌。
civilization
n,文明,文化
civilize
vt,使文明化;使开化;教育
claim
vt,要求,认领,索赔
He claim the protection of the law,他要求得到法律的保护。
vt,声明,主张
clap
vi,拍手
vt,拍,轻拍
clap one’s hands 拍手(喝彩)
n,掌声,拍手
clarify
v,澄清,阐明
classical
adj,经典的,古典的第十三天[2003.02.26.]
classification
n,分类,分级
classify
vt,分类
Men in the post office classify mails according to places it is to go.
邮局人员按寄送地点将信件分类。
vt,分等级
claw
n,爪,脚爪
clay
n,粘土;泥土;陶土
clerk
n,办事员,职员;店员
cliff
n,悬崖,峭壁(特指海边的)
climate
n,气候;(社会)风气,(社会)思潮
clothe
vt,给…穿衣,给…衣服
He clothed himself in his best clothes,他穿上最好的衣服。
vt,覆盖
The trees are clothed in green leaves,树木满是绿叶。
cloudy
adj,多云的,阴天的;浑浊的,模糊的
cloudy ideas 模糊的概念
club
n,俱乐部,夜总会;棒,球棒
He hit the ball with the club,他用棒击球。
clue
n,线索;暗示
[同]hint
clumsy
adj,笨拙的,愚笨的
coach
n,(铁路)旅客车厢
You can find him in the next coach,你可以在下一节车厢找到他。
n,长途公共汽车,四轮大马车;私人教师,(体育)教练
vt,训练,指导
coach sb,for an exam 指导某人准备参加考试
coarse
adj,粗的,粗糙的
coarse sand 粗沙
adj,粗俗的,粗鲁的
coarse language 粗鲁的语言
coast
n,海岸
on the coast 在海岸上
n,海滨地区
cock
n,公鸡,龙头,扳机
code
n,代码,代号
coil
n,(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈
v,卷,盘绕
coil a rope 卷起绳索
[同]wind,curl
coin
n,硬币,货币
vt,铸造
These pennies were coined at the mint in London,这些便士是伦敦造币厂铸造的。
vt,杜撰(新词)
coin a new word 造一个新词
collapse
vt,倒坍,塌下
The roof collapsed under the weigh of the snow,屋顶因积雪的重压而塌陷。
vt,崩溃,突然失败
n,倒坍,塌下
the collapse of a tent 帐篷的倒塌
n,崩溃,突然失败
suffer a nervous collapse 精神崩溃
collar
n,衣领;项圈
colleague
n,同事,同僚
work as sb’s colleague 和某人共事
collection
n,搜集,收集;收藏品
collective
n,集合;全体人员
adj,集体的,共同的
the collective wishes of the people 人民的共同愿望
[难点]
collective economy 集体经济
collective ownership 集体所有制
collision
n,碰撞
The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker,
据报道,那艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。
n,(利益,意见等的)冲突
[难点]
come into collision with 与…发生冲突
in collision 相撞,在冲突中
colony
n,殖民地;侨居;群体(生物学)
column
n,柱,柱状物
A column of smoke rose from the fire,火上升起一股烟柱。
n,专栏
The story fills up the literary column of the newspaper.
这个故事占了报纸的文艺栏。
combination
n,结合,联合,合并
He carried on the business in combination with his friend.
他和朋友合伙做生意。
n,化合,化合物
command
n,命令,指令;掌握,运用能力
He had a good command of English,他精通英语。
vt,命令
The officer commanded the men to fire,军官命令士兵们开火。
vt,指挥
vi,指挥
Who commands here? 谁在这儿指挥?
commander
n,司令官,指挥官第十四天[2003.02.27.]
comment
n,评论
[同]remark
n,意见,评注
The incident evoked some comments in the press,这件事引起新闻界的一些评论。
[难点]
make comments on sth,评论某事
commerce
n,商业,贸易;社交
commercial
adj,商业的,商务的
commercial college 商务院
commission
n,委员会;委托;佣金
commit
vt,犯(错误),干…错事
commit suicide 自杀
vt,把…交托给,提交
I will commit it to a friend for safekeeping,我将把它托给一个朋友妥善保管。
committee
n,委员会
communicate
vt,传送,传达
I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you,
我请你妹妹传达我对你的祝福。
vi,通讯,通信,交流
Deaf people communicate by sign language,聋子靠手语交流。
communication
n,通信,传达,传送;交通
communication and transport 交通运输
n,(复数)通讯系统
a world communications network 世界性的通讯网络
communism
n,共产主义
community
n,社区;团体,共同体
the European Community 欧共体
n,群落(生物)
companion
n,同伴,共事者;手册,指南
the Gardener’s Companion 园丁指南
company
n,公司,商号;陪伴,交往,宾客;连,连队
comparative
adj,比较的,相当的
[反]absolute
comparison
n,比较,对照;比拟,比喻
[难点]
by / in comparison with 与…相比较
the comparison of A and with B A与B的比较
make a comparison between A and B / of A to B 将A比作B;A与B比较
compass
n,罗盘,指南针;(复数)圆规
compel
vt,强迫,迫使屈服
[难点]
compel sb,to do sth,强迫某人做某事
compete
vi,竞赛,比赛
The school team will compete in the baseball match,校队将参加棒球比赛。
vi,竞争
competent
adj,有能力的,胜任的
[难点]
be competent in sth,/ to do sth,= be able to do sth,= be capable of doing sth.
能胜任…
competition
n,比赛,竞争
complain
v,抱怨
[同]murmur
v,控诉
[难点]
complain of doing sth,
complaint
n,抱怨
[同]dissatisfaction
n,怨言,诉苦
complex
adj,复杂的;合成的,综合的
[同]compound
n,合成物;复合
complicate
v,(使)变复杂
complicated
adj,复杂的;难解的
component
n,组成部分;成分;元件,部件
adj,组成的,合成的
a component part 组成部分
component velocity(物理上的)分速度
compose
vt,写作,作曲
The song was composed extempore,这首歌是即兴创作的。
vt,创作(歌曲、诗歌等)
At the age of ten,he was composing at the piano,他10岁就能用钢琴作曲。
compound
adj,混合的,化合的,复合的
a compound word 复合词
n,混合物,合成物,化合物
comprehension
n,理解,领悟
The problem is above / beyond my comprehension,这问题超出我的理解力。
comprehensive
adj,广泛的,综合的
compress
vt,压缩,浓缩;使语言精炼第十五天[2003.02.28.]
comprise
vt,包含,包括,由…组成
The committee comprises eleven members,委员会由11人组成。
[同]consist of
vt,构成,组成
Nine articles comprise Book One,第一册书由九篇文章组成。
compromise
n,妥协,折中方法
A compromise agreement was at last arrived at,一个折中的协议终于达成了。
[难点]
compromise with sb,on sth,在某事上与某人妥协。
compute
v,计算;估算
The losses are computed at $20,估计损失20美元。
computer
n,计算机,电脑
conceal
vt,隐藏,隐蔽
The spy tried to conceal the message inside his tie,这间谍企图把情报藏在领带里。
[难点]
conceal sth,from sb,对某人隐藏某事。
concentrate
vt,集中,集结
An enormously powerful fleet was concentrated at Pearl Harbour.
一只强大的舰队集结在珍珠港。
vi,集中,集结
The troops concentrated near the station,部队在车站附近集结。
vi,浓缩
The solution concentrated on evaporation,溶液经蒸发而浓缩。
concentration
n,专注,专心;观念;设想,思想
concern
vt,涉及;使关心,使担心
n,关心,担心;(利害)关系,关系之事
[难点]
show concern for sb,对某人表示关心
with concern 关切地
be concerned with 涉及,与…有关
be concerned about / for / with …关心…
so/as far as … be concerned 就…而言
concerning
prep,关于
[同]regarding
conclude
v,推断出,推论出
The judge concluded that the prisoner was guilty,法官做出结论,认为犯人有罪。
[同]infer
v,结束
conclude a speech 结束演讲
[同]close,end
v,缔结,议定
conclude a treaty 订立条约
[同]settle
conclusion
n,结论,结局;结束,终结
[难点]
in conclusion 总之,最后
come to / reach / draw the conclusion 得出结论
concrete
n,混凝土
adj,具体的,实质的
[同]actual
condemn
vt,谴责
[同]criticize
vt,判刑,宣告有嘴
[同]sentence
condense
v,使冷凝,压缩;精简,缩短(文章等)
[同]shorten
conduct
vi,指挥
vt,引导,带领;处理,管理
conduct one’s private affairs 处理私事
vt,传导
n,行为,品行,举动
conductor
n,(乐队的)指挥;列车员,售票员;导体,导线
semiconductor 半导体
nonconductor 绝缘体
conference
n,(正式的)会议,讨论会
a round table conference 圆桌会议
confess
v,承认,坦白,忏悔
confess oneself to be … 承认自己是…
confess to sth 承认…
confess doing / confess having done
confidence
n,信任,信赖;信心,把握;心事
take sb,into one’s confidence 把某人当作知己
confident
adj,确信的,自信的;有信心的
confine
vt,局限,局限于
She confines her remarks to scientific management,他所讲的话局限于科学管理。
[难点]
confine…to/within… 把…局限于
confirm
vt,证实,肯定
The report of an earthquake in Greece has now been confirmed,
希腊境内地震的报道现已证实。
Conflict
n,战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突
v,冲突,抵触
His point of view conflicts with mine,他的观点与我的观点相抵触。
[难点]
be in conflict with / conflict with sth.(sb.) 与…相冲突
confuse
vt,混淆,弄错
congratulate
vt,祝贺,贺喜
congratulation
n,(pl.)祝贺,祝贺词
congress
n,(代表)大会
the National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会
n,国会,议会
conjunction
n,连接,结合;连词[语法]
connection
n,连结,联系;连结关系第十六天[2003.03.01.]
conquer
v,征服,战胜
The country has never been conquered by a foreign foe,这个国家从未被外敌征服过。
v,攻克,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯)
conquest
n,征服,赢得;战利品
conscience
n,良心,道德
Every man has a stain upon his conscience,每个人良心上都有污点。
[难点]
have a clear conscience 问心无愧
have a quilty conscience 与心有愧
conscious
adj,有意识的,知觉的
I was not conscious of having offended him,我没有意识到得罪了他。
adj,自觉的
[难点]
be conscious of 意识到
consciousness
n,意识,觉悟,知觉
consent
n,同意,赞成
[同]agreement
vi,同意,赞成
[难点]
consent to sth,同意某事
consent to sb.’s doing sth,同意某人做某事
consent to do sth,同意做某事
consequence
n,后果,结果
[难点]
in consequence = as a result 因此,结果
in consequence of = as a result of 由于…的缘故
consequently
adv,因而,所以
conservation
n,保存,保护
the conservation of forests 对于森林的保护
[同]preservation
n,守恒,不灭
the conservation of energy 能量守恒
conservative
adj,保守的,守旧的
n,保守的人
conservative
adj,保守的,守旧的
n,保守的人
considerable
adj,相当大(或多)的,值得重视的
considerate
adj,考虑周到的,体贴的
be considerate of sb,体谅某人
consideration
n,考虑;要考虑的事;体贴,关心
[难点]
take sth,into consideration = take sth,into account 对…加以考虑
show consideration for 对…体贴,原谅
in consideration of = out of consideration for = considering 体谅,顾及…
consist
vi,组成,构成;在于,存在于;并存,一致
[难点]
consist of 由…构成
consist in 在于
consist with 与…一致
consistent
adj,坚持的,一贯的;一致的,符合的
[难点]
be consistent with 与…一致,符合
constant
adj,恒定的,不变的
She was constant in love,她在爱情上忠贞不渝。
adj,坚定的
n,常数,恒量(数学,物理)
[难点]
be constant to … 对…坚定不移
constitute
vt,组成,构成,形成
[同]comprise,form
constitution
n,构成,结构
the constitution of water 水的组成
n,成分;章程,法规,宪法
establish a constitution 制定宪法
construct
vt,建设;构建
The story is skillfully constructed,故事的构思精巧。
vt,创立
construction
n,建设,构造;建筑物
consult
vi,商量,磋商
consult with a friend about(on)a matter 与朋友商量一件事
vt,与…商量;查阅
consume
v,消费;消耗,耗尽;毁灭
consumption
n,消耗量,消费量;消耗,消费
contact
vt,与…联系
For further details,please contact with our local office,
详情请与我们驻当地的机构联系。
vi,接触
We arranged to contact as soon as possible,我们尽快取得联系。
n,接触,联系
be in contact with sb,与某人有联系
n,交往
contain
vt,包含,容纳
It contains vitamin A,它含有维他命A.
vt,装有;等于
A gallon contains eight pints,一加仑等于八品脱。
container
n,容器;集装箱
contemporary
adj,当代的,同时代的
Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray,狄更斯和萨克雷是同时代的人。
[同]coexisting
adj,现代的人
n,同时代的人
content
n,容量,含量;内容,要旨;(书刊等的)目录
adj,满足的
He is quite content with his present fortune,她对自己目前的境遇颇为满意。
[难点]
be content with 满足于
be content to 愿意做…
contest
v,竞争,比赛;争夺(土地等)
This seat is being hotly contested by the politicians,政客们正在激烈地争夺那个位子。
n,竞争,比赛
continual
adj,不断的,连续的;频繁的第十七天[2003.03.02.]
continuous
adj,连续的,持续的;继续的;延伸的
contract
n,契约,合同
The contracts will expire soon,这些合约很快就要满期。
n,承包,承办
vi,收缩,紧缩
Wood contracts as it dries,木材干燥时会收缩。
vi,签订合同;承包
vt,订(约)
The woman claimed that she had contracted a form of marriage with the prisoner.
这女人声称她曾与该罪犯订有婚约。
contradiction
n,矛盾
be in contradiction with 与…不一致
n,反驳;抵触
contrary
adj,(to)相反的
The result was contrary to expectation,结果与期望相反。
n,相反(事物),对立面
[难点]
be contrary to 与…相反
on the contrary 相反,反之
to the contrary 有相反的意思,相反地
contrast
vt,使与…对照,使与…对比
In this book the writer contrasts good with evil.
作者在书中把善与恶作了比较。
vi,与…形成对照
contrast sharply with 与…形成鲜明对照
n,(把…)与…形成对比
contribute
vt,贡献
Everyone was called on to contribute ideas,要求人人出主意,想办法。
vt,捐助,捐献;投稿
vi,贡献,有助于
Exercise will contribute to improving your health,锻炼有助于增进健康。
vi,捐献,捐助
convenience
n,便利,方便
Come at your earliest convenience,有便即请来。
n,便利设施
modern conveniences 现代化的设施
convenient
adj,便利的,方便的
be convenient to sb,对某人方便
convention
n,(政治的)大会,会议;协定
the Geneva Conventions 日内瓦公约
n,习俗,惯例
conventional
adj,普通的,常见的;习惯的,常规的
conversation
n,会话,谈话
have a conversation with sb,与某人谈话
n,会谈
conversely
adv,相反地
[同]oppositely
conversion
n,转变,转化,转换
[难点]
the conversion of A to / into B A变为B
convert
vt,使转变,使转化
convert securities into cash 将证券变成现金
[难点]
convert sth,from sth,to / into sth,使…转变成…
convert sb,from sth,to sth,使某人改变信仰
convey
v,运送;搬运,转运;传达,转达
I can not convey my feelings in words,我无法用语言表达我的感情。
convince
vt,使信服,使信赖
[难点]
convince sb,of sth,使某人相信某事
convince sb,that … 使某人相信…
cooperate
v,合作,协作;相配合
[难点]
cooperate with sb,in doing sth,与某人合作做某事
coordinate
vt,协调,调节
coordinate ideas 协调各种意见
n,坐标
adj,同等的,并列的
coordinate clause 并列从句(语法)
cope
vt,对付,应付
[难点]
cope with = deal with (善于)对待,(善于)处理
copper
n,铜;铜币
cord
n,绳,索,带;索状组织(解剖学)
vocal cords 声带
core
n,(果实的)核;核心;中心
corporation
n,社团,法人;企业;公司
correspond
vi,通信
I corresponded with him all that time,那段时间我一直和他通信。
vi,一致,符合(与with连用)
actions correspond with the words 言行一致
vi,相当,相应(to)
correspondent
n,(新闻)通信员;记者
corresponding
adj,符合的
terms corresponding to the facts 和事实相符合的名称
adj,相应的
corresponding angles 同位角
adj,相对的
corridor
n,走廊;通道
[同]passage
costly
adj,昂贵的,价值高的;豪华的
council
n,理事会;委员会;会议
counter
n,柜台;计数器
v,反对,还击第十八天[2003.03.03.]
countryside
n,乡下,农村
The preservation of the countryside is important,乡村地区的保护十分重要。
county
n,(英国的)郡
the county of Kent 肯特郡;(美国的)县
court
n,法院,法庭
a court of justice 法院
n,宫廷,朝廷;庭院,球场
crack
v,使破裂,砸开
I can crack it,but I can’t break it,我能砸裂它,但不能打碎它。
n,裂纹,龟裂
Don’t go skating today – there are dangerous cracks in the ice,
今天不能去溜冰,冰上有危险的裂纹。
n,开缝;爆裂声
the crack of a cannon 炮声
craft
n,工艺,手艺
a school for arts and crafts 工艺学校
n,(单复数同形)船,航空器,航天器
crane
n,起重机;鹤
crash
v,摔坏,坠毁;撞击声
n,摔坏,坠毁;撞击声
crawl
vi,爬行,匍匐行进
The ground was crawling with ants,地上爬满了蚂蚁。
n,爬行,匍匐行进
crazy
adj,疯狂的;狂热的,着迷的
[难点]
be crazy to do sth,干…是疯狂的
be crazy about sth,/ on doing (对做…)着迷
be crazy for sth,渴望得到某物
be crazy for sb,迷恋某人
cream
n,乳脂,鲜牛奶
icecream 冰淇淋;
n,精华
the cream of a story 故事的精彩处
create
vt,创作,创造
God creates the world,上帝创造了世界。
vt,产生,创造
creative
adj,创造性的,有创造力的
creature
n,生物,动物;创造物;(与形容词连用)人
a good creature 好心人
credit
n,信用贷款,赊欠;学分;信用,信誉;赞扬,荣誉,功劳
vt,记入贷方
credit a customer with $8 在客户的贷方记入八英镑
vt,信任
[同]trust
[难点]
buy / sell on credit 赊买(卖)货物
get/ take credit for sth,为…而获得荣誉
give credit to sb,for sth,为…称赞某人
be a credit to sb,/ sth,为…增加声誉
credit sth,to sb,/ sth,相信…;具有…
creep
v,爬行,潜行
The cat crept silently towards the bird,那猫一声不响地爬向那只鸟。
v,蠕动
crew
n,(集合名词)全体船员,全体机务人员,一队(或一班,一组)工作人员
crime
n,罪行;犯罪
commit serious crime 犯重罪
criminal
adj,犯罪的;刑事的
criminal law 刑法
n,罪犯
[同]offender
n,刑事犯
crisis
n,危机,危急关头
critic
n,评论家,批评家
critical
adj,批评的,评论的
critical opinions on arts and literature 批评家对艺术和文学的意见
adj,紧急的,危急的
We are at a critical moment in our history.
我们正处于历史的紧要关头。
adj,临界的
criticism
n,批评;批判,评论
criticize
v,批评,批判;评论,评价
[难点]
criticize sb,for doing / not doing sth,责备某人(未)做某事
crowd
v,拥挤,群集
His mind was crowded with whys,他脑子里全是问号。
n,人群
There were large crowd of people in the streets on New Year’s Eve.
除夕的大街上人山人海。
v,一群;一伙
crown
n,王冠,冕
crude
adj,简陋的,粗糙的
[同]rough,coarse
adj,天然的,未加工的
crude oil 原油
[同]unrefined,raw
adj,粗鲁的,粗俗的
[同]rude
crush
v,压碎,碾碎
crust
n,(一片)面包皮,硬外皮,外壳;地壳
crystal
n,水晶,结晶体;水晶饰品
adj,水晶的,晶体的,透明的
cube
n,立方体,立方形;立方,三次方第十九天[2003.03.04.]
cubic
adj,立方形的,立方体的;立方的,三次幂的
cultivate
vt,耕作,栽培;养殖;培养
cultivate the mind 修身养性
culture
n,文化,文明;教养,修养
cupboard
n,碗柜,碗橱
curiosity
n,好奇心;珍品
current
n,(空气、水等的)流,潮流,流速
[同]flow
n,电流;趋势,倾向
[同]trend,tendency
adj,现时的,当前的
[同]present
curse
n,诅咒;咒骂
v,诅咒;咒骂
curtain
n,窗帘,门帘
curve
n,曲线;
body with beautiful curve
v,弄弯;使成曲线
The road curves to the west,路向西弯。
cushion
n,垫子,软垫
custom
n,习惯,风俗
Social customs vary in different parts of the world,世界各地的社会风俗都不同。
n,惯例;(复数)关税
the customs 海关
customs duties 关税
customer
n,顾客,主顾
cycle
n,自行车;循环,周期
the cycle of the seasons 四季循环
vi,骑自行车;循环
dairy
n,牛奶场,乳品店;乳制品
adj,牛奶的,乳品的
dam
n,堤坝,水闸
damage
vt,损害,毁损
A lot of houses were damaged by the flood,许多房子被洪水冲毁了。
n,毁损;(复数)损坏赔偿金
[难点]
do damage to 对…有损害
damp
adj,潮湿的,微湿的
n,潮湿,湿气
darling
n,心爱的人
dash
n,猛冲,飞奔
He made a dash for the goal,他向终点冲去。
the hundred-meters dash 百米短跑
n,破折号
vi,猛冲,飞奔
vt,猛掷,打碎
He dashed the plate to pieces.
data
n,数据,资料
dawn
n,黎明
vi,破晓
The day dawned,天亮了。
daylight
n,白昼,日光;黎明
[同]dawn
deaf
adj,聋的,装聋的,不愿听的
[难点]
turn a deaf ear to 对…置若罔闻
He turned a deaf ear to our requests for help,他对我们的援助请求置之不理。
debate
n,辩论,讨论
[同]discussion
[难点]
debate sth,with sb,与某人辩论某事
debate about sth,讨论/辩论某事
debt
n,债务,欠债
[难点]
in debt 负债,欠债
out of debt 还清债务
decade
n,十年,十年期
decay
vi,腐烂,腐朽;衰败,衰落
n,腐烂,腐朽;衰败,衰落
[难点]
fall into decay 衰落,衰败
in decay 腐朽
deceive
v,欺骗,蒙骗
[难点]
deceive sb,Into doing sth,骗某人做某事
be deceived in sb,看错某人
deck
n,甲板;桥面,层面
decorate
vt,装饰,装潢
She decorated the room with flowers,她用花装饰房间。
第二十天[2003.03.05.]
decrease
v,减少,降低
decrease in number 数目减少
n,减少
[难点]
on the decrease 在减少中
decrease by 减少了
The population of the village has decreased by 150 to 500,
该村人口减少了150,只剩下500人。
deduce
vt,演绎,推论,推断
deduce a conclusion from premises 从前提推出结论
[难点]
deduce from 由…推论
deer
n.(单复数同形)鹿
defect
n,缺点,缺陷,短处
[同]fault
defence
n,防御,保卫;防御物,工事;辩护,答辩
[难点]
in defence of … 保卫…
They decided to fight in defence of their country,他们决心为保卫祖国而战。
define
vt,解释,下定义;限定,规定
The powers of a judge are defined by law,法官的权力法律有明文规定。
definite
adj,明确的
a definite answer 明确的答复
[同]explicit
adj,肯定的
[同]certain
definitely
adv,一定地,肯定地;明确地,确切地
definition
n,定义,释义,解说
delete
vt,删除
[同]erase
delicate
adj,纤细的,娇嫩的;精美的,精致的
jewellery of delicate workmanship 精工镶嵌的珠宝饰物
adj,病弱的
in delicate health 身体娇弱
adj,易碎的,需小心照料的;微妙的,棘手的
delicious
adj,美味的;芬芳的;有趣味的
deliver
v,解救,释放;投递,送交;发表,表达
deliver a speech 发表演说
v,使分娩,接生
deliver a woman of twins 为一妇女接生双胞胎
[难点]
deliver sb,From … 从…中解救某人
deliver sth,(over)to sb,把某物交付给某人
delivery
n,投递,送交
[难点]
on delivery 送达时,交货时
take delivery of 收到
democracy
n,民主政治,民主主义;民主制度,民主国家
democratic
adj,民主的,民主主义的
demonstrate
vt,说明,论证;表露,显示
[同]
demonstrate against … 示威/反对…
dense
adj,密集的,浓密的
a dense fog 浓雾
density
n,密集,稠密;密度
deny
vt,否认;拒绝给予
[难点]
deny doing ….
It cannot be denied that … / There is no denying the fact that …
不容否认…(我们必须承认…)
depart
vt,离开,出发
[难点]
depart for 动身去…
depart from 离开,起程
department
n,部门,系
departure
n,离开,出发
dependent
adj,依靠的,依赖的;从属的
[难点]
be dependent on 依靠…,由…决定
[反]be independent of
deposit
vt,存放,寄存,储蓄;使…沉淀
n,存款;沉积物;定钱,押金
[难点]
deposit sth,with sb,把某物寄放在某人处
He deposited the papers with his lawyer,他将文件交于律师保管。
depress
vt,使沮丧,使低沉
The failure depressed him,失败使他郁郁寡欢
vt,降低,压低;使萧条(不景气)
depth
n,深度;深厚
a depth of feeling 深厚的感情
derive
v,取得,得到
She derived great pleasure from her studies,她从读书研究中得到极大的乐趣。
v,起源,来由(from)
descend
vi,下来,下降;传下,遗传
This custom descended from generation to generation,这习俗一代一代传下来。
[同]pass down
[难点]
descend from … 从…下来
We descended from the mountain,我们从山上下来。
be descended from … 为…的后裔
According to the Bible,we are all descended from Adam,根据圣经,我们都是亚当的后裔。
descend to (doing)sth,屈辱到,堕落到
You would never descend to cheating,你绝不至于堕落到欺骗。
第二十一天[2003.03.06.]
description
n,描写,形容;种类,式样
[难点]
beyond description 难以形容
The scenery was beautiful beyond description,这景色美不可言。
give a description of … 描述某事
deserve
vt,应受到,值得
Good work deserves good pay,出色的工作应得到好的报酬。
design
n,设计,构思
a car of latest design 最新式的车
n,图案,图样;企图,图谋
a hopeless design 五成功希望的计划
have designs on/against… 企图…
vt,计划,谋划;设计;预定(目标或对象)
This book is designed for college students,这本书是预定供大学生使用的。
[难点]
design doing ( to do ) sth,打算做某事
desirable
adj,称心如意的;值得向往的
despair
n,失望,绝望
She killed herself in despair,她因绝望而自尽。
vi,失望,绝望
His life was despaired of,已经无望救活他了。
[难点]
in despair 绝望地
despair of sth,对…丧失信心
be the despair of… 成为令人失望的人或物
desperate
adj,绝望的
[同]hopeless
adj,不顾一切的
He made desperate efforts,他做孤注一掷的努力。
[同]rockless
adj,极度渴望的
be desperate for sth,渴望得到某物
despite
prep,不管,尽管
He went out despite bad weather,虽然天气不好,他仍然出去了。
[同]in spite of
destination
n,目的地,终点;目标,目的
destroy
vt,破坏,毁灭
The forest was destroyed by fire,大伙烧毁了森林。
[反]create
vt,消灭
destruction
n,破坏,毁灭
[同]downfall
detail
n,细目,详情;细节,琐事
Don’t omit a single detail,不要遗漏一点细节。
vt,详述,详细说明
[难点]
in detail 详细地
Please explain it in detail,请详细解释一下。
go into details 详细叙述
detect
vt,察觉,发现
I detected a thief stealing into his house,我发现小偷潜入他的房子。
[同]discover
vt,侦查
detection
n,察觉,发现;侦查
determination
n,决定,决心
[同]decision
determine
vt,决定
[同]decide
dial
n,钟面;刻度盘;(电话的)拨号盘
v,打电话;拨(电话号码)
He dialed 119 at once,他立刻拨打119。
dialect
n,方言,土语
diameter
n,直径
The tree is one meter in diameter,这棵树直径达一米。
dictate
v,(使)听写;口授,口述
[难点]
dictate sth,to sb,向某人口授某事;给某人做听写
He dictated a letter to his secretary,他向秘书口授信稿。
differ
vi,不同;意见不合
[同]disagree
[难点]
differ from sth,不同于…
French differs from English,法语与英语不同。
differ from sb,on/about sth,与某人在…方面意见不合
I differ from you on / about this matter,关于此事,我与你意见不同。
digest
n,文摘,摘要
[同]abstract
vt,消化,领悟
You should digest what he said,你应该领悟他所说的话。
digital
adj,数字的,数字显示的;手指的
dim
adj,暗淡的,模糊的
[同]vague
adj,微弱的,昏暗的
[同]faint
dimension
n.尺寸,尺度;(复数)大小,面积,程度
dip
n,浸,蘸
v,浸,蘸
dip one’s pen into the ink 拿钢笔蘸墨水
directly
adv,直接地;直截了当地;立刻,马上
Come in directly ! 即刻进来!
[同]immediately
conj,一…就…
Directly I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake,我一做完这事,我就知道我做错了。
[同]as soon as
第二十二天[2003.03.07.]
dirt
n,尘,土,污秽物
disadvantage
n,不利条件;损失,伤害
disagree
vi,有分歧,不同意
[同]differ
vi,不一致
[难点]
disagree with sth,/ sb,与…不一致
I am sorry to disagree with you,很抱歉,我不同意你的意见.
disagree with sb,about sth,在…方面与某人不一致
disappoint
vt,使失望;使(计划等)受挫
[难点]
be disappointed at/in sth,对某事感到失望
be disappointed with sb,对某人失望
be disappointed of… 没有实现…
disaster
n,灾难,灾祸
[同]calamity
disc
n,圆盘;唱片,磁盘
discard
vt,抛弃,扔掉
discard old beliefs 摈弃旧观念
[同]cast
discharge
n,卸货,释放
How long will the discharge of the cargo take? 卸货需要多久?
v,卸(货物);发射,射出
discharge a gun 开枪
v,放出,流出;让(某人)离去,解雇
discharge a patient from hospital 让病人出院
[同]dismiss
discipline
n,纪律;训练
military discipline 军训
n,惩罚
[同]punishment
discourage
vt,使泄气
[反]encourage
vt,劝阻
[难点]
discourage sb,from doing sth,劝阻某人作某事
The doctor’s advice discouraged him from smoking,医生的忠告使他不再抽烟.
disgust
vt,使讨厌,使恶心
His behaviour disgusted everybody,他的行为使每一个人都厌恶.
n,厌恶
[难点]
be disgusted at / with / by sth,对…感到厌恶
in disgust 厌恶地
dislike
vt,不喜欢,厌恶
n,不喜欢
[难点]
take a dislike to sb,厌恶某人
dismiss
v,解雇,解散
disorder
n,混乱,杂乱
in disorder 杂乱地
n,骚动,骚乱;疾病,身体不适
display
n,陈列,展览
vt,陈列,展览;显示,现露
disposal
n,处理,除去
dispose
v,处理,除掉;安排,布置
[难点]
dispose sb,to do sth,使某人愿意做某事
dispute
vi,争论,辩论
We disputed with them about / over / on democracy.
我们与他们辩论民主政治
[难点]
in dispute 正在争论的
in dispute with… 与…争论
dissolve
v,(使)溶解,(使)融化
Heat dissolved the candle into a pool of wax,热使蜡烛化成一摊蜡.
[同]melt
v,解散,取消
distant
adj,在远处的,远的;疏远的,冷淡的
He was distant towards me,他对我态度冷淡.
[难点]
be distant from 离…远的
be distant towards sb,与某人疏远
distinct
adj,不同的;明显的,清楚的
distinction
n,区别,差别
He is fair to us without distinction,他对我们很公平,没有区别待遇.
distinguish
v,区别,辨认,分清
[难点]
distinguish one thing from another 辨别…与…
distress
vt,使苦恼,使悲伤
I am much distressed to hear that sad news,听到那个不幸的消息,我很难过
n,苦恼,悲痛;不幸,危难
distribute
vt,分送,分配;散布,分布
This kind of plant is widely distributed throughout China,这种植物在中国有广泛的分布.
distribution
n,分发,分配;分布
district
n,区,地区,行政区
disturb
vt,打扰,妨碍
I’m sorry to disturb you,对不起,打扰了.
[同]bother
vt,弄乱,扰乱
ditch
n,沟,渠道
v,开沟,修渠
dive
n,跳水;潜水;俯冲
vi,跳水;潜水;俯冲第二十三天[2003.03.08.]
diverse
adj,不同的,相异的;多种多样的
division
n,划分,分开
[同]separation
n,分配,分担;部门;除法
a simple division 简单的除法
divorce
n,离婚;分裂,裂开
v,离婚;分开
[难点]
be divorced from sb,与某人离婚
document
n,文件,文献,公文;证件
donkey
n,驴
[同]ass
n,蠢人
dormitory
n,宿舍
dose
n,(药的)剂量,一服,一剂
Take three doses a day,一日服三次
vt,给(药);(给…)服药
to dose oneself with quinine 服奎宁
dot
n,点,圆点,句点
vt,打点于;散布于
a field dotted with sheep 到处是羊的田野
double
adj,两倍的;双重的;双人的
a double bed 双人床
v,(使)加倍,翻一番
Our income must be doubled,我们的收入必须增加一倍。
[同]duplicate
[难点]
double up 弯曲身子;把…折起来
doubtful
adj,怀疑的,可疑的;难料的,未定的
It’s doubtful whether she will succeed,她会不会成功尚难预料。
downward
adj,向下的,下行的
adv,向下地,下行地
dozen
n,一打,十二个
Pencils are sold by the dozen,铅笔按打出售。
[难点]
dozens of 很多
I have been there dozens of times,我已经去过那儿很多次了。
draft
n,草稿,草图,草案
v,起草,草拟
draft a speech 拟演讲稿
drag
v,拖,拉
Tom dragged a heavy box out of the cupboard,汤姆把一个重箱子从橱里拖出来。
[难点]
drag out 拖延(时间)
drag sb,into doing sth,使某人勉强做某事
drain
n,排水管,下水道;消耗
v,排(水),放水
Dig trenches to drain the water away,挖沟排水
drama
n,剧本,戏剧
dramatic
adj,戏剧的,剧本的;戏剧性的,引人注目的
n,(复数)表演,演戏
drawer
n,抽屉
drift
n,漂流
The boat drifted down the river,船顺水漂流而下。
[同]float
drip
n,滴,滴落;水滴
v,滴下
See if the tap is dripping,看看水龙头有没有滴水。
v,漏下
driver
n,驾驶员,司机
drown
v,(把…)淹死
He was drowned in the sea,他淹死在海里。
v,淹没
Cheers drowned his voice,欢呼声淹没了他的讲话声。
[难点]
drown oneself in 埋头于…
drown out 淹没
drug
n,药物,药材;麻醉品,毒品
vt,用药麻醉
drum
n,鼓;鼓状物,圆桶
drunk
adj,酒醉的
[难点]
be drunk with 陶醉于…之中
get drunk 喝醉
due
adj,正当的,适当的
after due consideration 经过适当的考虑
adj,应得的
The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow,他应得的工资明天将付给他。
adj,应支付的;(车、船)预定应到的
n.(单数)应得物
give sb,his due 给某人应得之物
[难点]
in due time 在适当时候
be due to do sth,预定做…
be due to doing … 由于…
The accident was due to careless driving,这起车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。
dull
adj,枯燥的
[同]boring
adj,阴暗的,阴沉的;迟钝的;钝的
dumb
adj,哑的,沉默的
dump
vt,倾倒,倾卸
Where can I dump this rubbish? 我把垃圾倒在哪儿?
durable
adj,耐用的;持久的
durable friendship 永恒的友谊第二十四天[2003.03.09.]
duration
n,持续,持久
the duration of the war 战争期间
dusk
n,黄昏,暮色
at dusk 黄昏
[反]dawn
dye
n,染料;染色
v.(把…)染色
dye a white dress blue 将白衣染成蓝色
dynamic
adj,动力的,动力学的;有生气的
[同]active
eager
adj,热切的,渴望的
[难点]
be eager for sth.,/ to do sth,渴求某物/做某事
eagle
n,鹰
eagle-eyed 目光锐利的
earn
vt,挣得,赚得
earn one’s living 谋生
vt,获得,赢得
His achievements earned him respect and admiration,他的成就博得了人们的尊敬和钦佩。
[同]acquire
earnest
adj,认真的,诚恳的
[同]serious
earthquake
n,地震
ease
n,容易;安逸,安心
[反]anxiety
v,缓和,减轻
Can I ease you of your burden? 我能减轻你的负担吗?
[同]relieve
[难点]
at ease 舒适地,自由自在地
I feel at ease here,我在这里觉得很自在。
ill at ease 感到不安
ease off 缓和
eastern
adj,东方的,东部的,朝东的
echo
n,回声,反响;附和者
v,发出回声,共鸣
The hills echoed back the noise of the shot,群山发出枪声的回音。
economic
adj,经济学的;经济的
[同]profitable
economical
adj,节省的;经济学的
economy
n,经济
the national economy 国家经济
n,经济制度;节约,节俭
edition
n,版,版本
a pocket edition 袖珍版
editor
n,编者,编辑
a chief editor 总编
educate
vt,教育,培养,训练
effective
adj,有效的,生效的
[同]efficient
efficiency
n,效率;功效
efficient
adj,效率高的,有能力的
elaborate
adj,精心制作的,详尽的;复杂的
v,精心制作,详尽描述
Please elaborate your proposals a little,请将你的建议详细描述一下。
elastic
adj,弹性的;灵活的,易顺应的
n,橡皮圈,松紧带
election
n,选举
electrical
adj,电的,电气科学的
electron
n,电子
electronic
adj,电子的
element
n,要素,成分;(化学)元素;元件
[难点]
in one’s element 处于适宜的环境,内行
out of one’s element 处于不适宜的环境,外行
elementary
adj,基本的;初级的,基础的
elevator
n,电梯,升降机
[同]lift
第二十五天[2003.03.10.]
eliminate
vt,排除,消除,消灭
eliminate the false and retain the true 去伪存真
elsewhere
adv,在别处,向别处
Look elsewhere 在别的地方找找看
embarrass
vt,使窘迫,使为难
The old man was embarrassed by lack of money,那位老人因囊中羞涩而感到窘迫。
embrace
vt,拥抱,抱;包括,包含;包围
v,拥抱
emerge
vi,出现,浮现
The moon emerged from behind the clouds,月亮从云后现出。
vi.(问题)冒出、(事实)暴露
emergency
n,紧急情况,不侧之事
emit
vt,散发,发射(光、热)
emotion
n,感情、情绪
emotional
adj,感情的,易激动的
emperor
n,皇帝
emphasis
n,强调,重点[同]stress
[难点]
lay / put / place emphasis upon 强调…,把重点放在…
with emphasis 强调地
emphasize
vt,强调,着重
The teacher emphasized the importance of studying English,
老师强调学习英语的重要性。
empire
n,帝国
employee
n,雇员,受雇者
employer
n,雇主,使用者
employment
n,职业;雇用,就业;使用
[难点]
be in employment 有工作
be out of employment 失业
in the employment of … 受雇于…
enable
vt,使能够,使成为可能
[难点]
enable sb,to do … 使某人做…
enable sth,使某事成为可能
enclose
vt,围住
enclose a garden with a wall 用墙将花园围起
[同] fence
vt,封入,附上
encounter
v,遭遇到;偶遇
[同]come across
n,遭遇
ending
n,结尾,结局
endless
adj,无限的,无穷的;没完没了的
endure
vt,容忍,忍受
She can’t endure his unreasonable action,他不能容忍他的过分行为。
vi,忍受;持久
enforce
vt,实施,执行;强制,强迫
[同]impose
vt,加强,坚持
[难点]
enforce sth,on / upon sb,将某事强加于某人
engage
vi,从事,参加
vt,使从事于;占有;雇用,聘用;约束,使订婚
[难点]
be engaged in sth,/ doing sth,忙于…,从事于…
engine
n,发动机,引擎;火车头
engineering
n,工程(学)
enlarge
v,扩大,放大
[同]expand
v,详述
enlarge on/upon one’s opinions 详述意见
enormous
adj,巨大的,庞大的
an enormous fortune 庞大的财产
enquire
= inquire
enquiry
= inquiry
第二十六天[2003.03.11.]
ensure
vt,保证,确定,担保
I can’t ensure that he will be there in time,我不能保证他会及时到达那里。
[难点]
ensure sb,against / from sth,保证某人免受…
entertain
vt,使娱乐
We were all entertained by his tricks,我们都被他的戏法逗乐了。
[同]amuse
vt,款待
entertain friends to dinner 请朋友们吃饭
enthusiasm
n,热情,热心
[难点]
feel no enthusiasm for / about sth,对某事不热心
entitle
vt,给(书、文章等)题名,给…称号;给…以权力(资格)
If you fail three times,you are not entitled to try any more,
如果你失败三次,你便无权再尝试了。
[难点]
entitle sb,to do sth,给某人做某事的权利
entitle sb,to sth,使某人有某权力
entrance
n,进入
[同]entry
n,入口
the entrance to … 进…的入口
n,入场,入学,入会
entry
n,进入;入口,登记,登录
envelope
n,信封,信皮
environment
n,环境
[同]surroundings
envy
n,妒忌,羡慕;妒忌的对象
His success was the envy of us all,他的成功令我们全体羡慕不已。
vt,妒忌,羡慕
I don’t envy him his good-tempered wife,我不羡慕他有个好脾气的夫人。
[难点]
feel envy at / for 对…妒忌
out of envy 出于妒忌
become the envy of … 成为…的妒忌目标
equality
n,同等,平等,相等
[难点]
be on an equality with … 与…平等
equation
n,方程式,等式;平衡,相等
equip
vt,装备,配备
This workshop was equipped with modern machines,这个车间配备着现代化的机器。
[同]furnish
[难点]
be equipped with 装备,配备
be equipped for 为…做好准备
equipment
n,设备,装备,器材
equivalent
adj,相等的,相当的
[同] equal
adj,等量的,等值的
n,相等物
[难点]
be equivalent to 等于
era
n,时代,纪元
[同] epoch
erect
vt,建造,建立
erect a monument 立一块纪念碑
[同]establish
vt,竖起
adj,直立的,竖直的
[同]upright
error
n,错误,谬误
escape
n,逃跑,漏出
v,逃脱,逃跑;逃避
[难点]
escape from some place从某处逃离
escape punishment / being punished 逃避惩罚
essay
n,小品文,随笔,短文
essential
adj,必要的;基本的
n,(复数)本质,实质;要素
establish
vt,建立,创立
[同]set up
vt,确立,使确认
establishment
n,建立,设立,确立
estimate
v,估计,估价
I estimated the loss at 1,000 dollars,
[同]assess
v,评价,判断
n,估计,估价
a rough estimate 大致估计
n,判断
evaluate
vt,评估,评价
evaporate
v,(使)蒸发,(使)挥发
Heat evaporates water,热量使水蒸发。
Eve
n,(节日等的)前夕,前夜
New Year’s Eve 除夕
even
adj,均匀的,平稳的
[同] steady
adj,平的,平坦的
an even surface 平滑的表面
adj,均等的;双数的,偶数的
[难点]
be even with = be level with 与…平齐
even if = even though 即使…也
eventually
adv,终于,最后
evidence
n,根据,证据
[同] proof
[难点]
in evidence 明显的
bear / give / show evidence of 有…的迹象
evident
adj,明显的,明白的
[同] apparent,obvious
第二十七天[2003.03.12.]
evil
adj,邪恶的,罪恶的
[同] wicked
n,罪恶,邪恶;灾祸
[同] disaster
evolution
n,演化,进化,进化论;发展,演变
evolve
v.(使)进化,(使)演化
Man has evolved from the ape,人是从类人猿进化来的。
v.(使)发展,(使)演变
He has evolved a new theory,他推论出一项新学说。
exact
adj,确切的,正确的;精确的
[同] precise
exaggerate
v,夸大,夸张
The importance of this meeting has been exaggerated,这次会议的重要性被夸大了。
exceed
v,超过,胜过
His success exceeded all expectations,他的成功出乎一切预料。
[同]surpass
v,超越
exceed the speed limit 驾车超速
exceedingly
adv,极端地,非常
exception
n,除外,例外
[难点]
with the exception of 除…之外
make an exception of 把…作为例外
excess
n,超越,超过;过量,过剩
[反] lack
adj,过量的,额外的,附加的
[难点]
in excess of 多于,超过
to excess 过度
excessive
adj,过分的,过度的,极度的
[同] extreme
exchange
v,交换,调换; 交流
n,交换,交流
[难点]
exchange A for B (= substitute A for B) 用A交换B
exchange sth,with sb,与某人交换某物
exclaim
v,惊叫,呼喊,大声说
He exclaim in delight,他欢呼起来.
[同]cry out
exclude
vt,把…排除在外,拒绝
[反]include
[难点]
exclude sb,from sth,拒绝某人某事
exclude sb,from doing sth,不准某人做某事
exclusively
adv,排他地,专有地
excursion
n,远足,短途旅行
execute
vt,处死;执行,实施
execute a command 执行命令
executive
adj,执行的,行政的
n,执行者,行政人员
exert
vt,尽力;运用,施加
exert all one’s influence to do sth,运用个人所有的影响力去做某事
[难点]
exert sth,on sb,对某人施以
exert oneself 努力,尽力
exhaust
vt,用尽,耗尽
exhaust one’s patience 失去耐心
[同]use up
vt,使筋疲力尽
[同]tire out
vi,(气体等)排出
n,排出的气;排气装置
exhibit
vt,展览,陈列
exhibit paintings in an art gallery 在一个美术馆展览画
vt,表示,显示
n,展览,展品
existence
n,存在; 生存,生活
[难点]
bring … into existence 使…产生
come into existence 产生,成立
in existence 存在的,现存的
exit
n,出口,太平门; 退场,退出
vi,退出,离去
expand
v,扩大,膨胀
Metals expand when they are heated,金属遇热膨胀.
[同]extend
expansion
n,扩大,变大,膨胀
expectation
n,期望,期待
[难点]
beyond expectation 出乎意料
meet sb.’s expectation 不负某人期望
contrary to expectation 与预料相反地
expenditure
n,花费,支出; 出数,经费
expense
n,(时间、精力) 耗费,花费
[同] cost
n,(复数) 开支,费用
[难点]
at the expense of 以…作为代价
at one’s expense 由…付钱
go to the expense of 为…的目的花钱
experimental
adj,实验性的,试验性的
an experimental farm 试验农场
expert
n,专家,能手
an expert in economics 经济学专家
adj,熟练的,内行的
[难点]
become expert at (doing) sth,成为…方面的能手
explode
v,(使) 爆炸,(使) 爆发
explode with laughter 哄堂大笑
[同] burst
第二十八天[2003.03.13.]
explode
v.(使)爆炸,(使)爆发
explode with laughter 哄堂大笑
[同] burst
exploit
vt,剥削
exploit child labor 剥削童工
vt,利用;开发,开采
explore
v,勘探,探险
Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.
哥伦布发现了美洲,但没有对此新大陆进行探测。
v,探究,探索
explosion
n,爆炸,爆发;剧增
explosive
adj,爆炸的,爆发的
n,炸药,爆炸物
export
n,输出品;输出,出口
v,出口,输出
export cotton goods 出口棉织品
expose
vt,使暴露,揭露;使处于…作用(或影响);揭发,揭穿[同]reveal
[难点]
be exposed to … 暴露在…之下,受到…的影响
exposure
n,暴露,揭露;揭发,揭穿;曝光,暴晒
extend
v,延伸,延长,伸展
Can’t you extend your visit for a few days? 你能多停留几天吗?
v,扩充,扩大
[同] enlarge
v,给予,致
extension
n,伸展,延伸,扩大
[同] expansion
n,延长部分,扩大部分;电话分机
extensive
adj,广阔的,广泛的
extent
n,程度;范围,长度,区域
[难点]
to some(a great,a certain)extent 在某种(很大,一定)程度上
to the extent of … 到…程度
to such an extent that… 到如此地步以至于…(放句首,句子用倒装结构)
exterior
adj,外部的,外表的
[反] interior
adj,来自外部的
n,外面,外貌,外表
a gentle man with a rough exterior 一位外貌粗俗而性情温和的男子
external
adj,外部的,外表的
n,(常用复数)外部,外貌,外观
extra
adj,额外的,特加的
adv,特别地,除外
n,(复数)附加物,额外收费
extraordinary
adj,非同寻常的,特别的,非凡的
[同] exceptional
extreme
adj,极度的,极端的;末端的,尽头的
n,极端,尽头
[难点]
go to / be driven to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极端,非常
annoying in the extreme 极为讨厌
eyesight
n,视力
have good / poor eyesight 视力好(不好)
fabric
n,织物,织品;构造,结构
the fabric of society 社会结构
facility
n.(复数)便利,设备
transport facilities 交通设施
n,熟练,灵巧
factor
n,因素,要素
an unknown factor 未知因素
faculty
n,才能,能力
[同] ability
n,系,学院;全体教学人员
fade
v,枯萎
Flowers soon fade when cut,花剪下来不久就会凋谢。
[同]wither
v,(使)褪色
The strong sunlight has faded the curtains,强烈的阳光使窗帘褪了色。
v.(声音等)消失
[难点]
fade away 渐渐消失
failure
n,失败;失败的人或事;未做到,无能为力(与不定式连用)
His failure to help us was disappointing 很令人失望的是他未能帮助我们。
n,失灵,故障
engine failure 发动机故障
faint
adj,微弱的
[同] weak
adj,模糊的;(表语)晕倒的
vi,昏倒
He fainted from hunger,他饿晕了。
vi,衰弱
fair
n,定期集市;商品交易会,展览会
faithful
adj,忠诚的,忠实的;真实的,正确的
false
adj,不正确的,错误的;假的,伪造的
false hair 假发
adj,虚伪的,不诚实的
bear / give false witness 作伪证
fame
n,名声,声誉,名望
He was not anxious for fame,他不想急于成名。
[同]reputation
famine
n,饥荒
fancy
n,想象力,幻想力
[同] imagination
n,设想,幻想;爱好,喜爱
vt,想要,喜欢
What do you fancy for your dinner? 晚餐时你喜欢吃些什么?
vt,想象,设想;认为,猜想
I rather fancy that he won’t come,我认为他不会来。
after sb.’s fancy 合某人的意
take a fancy to 喜欢…起来
take / catch the fancy of 使喜爱
fancy oneself 自负,自命不凡
fancy to (sb.) doing sth,想(某人)做…
第二十九天[2003.03.14.]
fare
n.(车、船等)费用,票价
How much is the fare to London? 去伦敦的车费是多少?
vi,过日子,进展
How did you fare during your journey? 你旅途顺利吗?
[同]get on,progress
[难点]
It fares well / ill with sb,某人的情况顺利/不顺利
It has fared well with him,他的情况很不错。
farewell
int,再会,别了
n,告别,辞别
a farewell party 欢送会
[难点]
(say)farewell to … 对…永别,不会再…
make one’s farewells 辞行
fashion
n,方式,样子
He does everything in his own fashion,他一切都按自己的方式行事。
n,流行式样,时髦
dressed in the latest fashion 打扮入时的
[同] style
vt,制造
[同]shape
[难点]
after the fashion of 像…一样,模仿
follow / be in the fashion 迎合时尚,时髦
come into fashion 流行
go out of fashion 过时,不流行
fashion … into 把…制成
fashion a lump of clay into a bowl 将粘土塑成一只碗
fashionable
adj,流行的,时髦的
[同] stylish
fasten
v,拴紧,扣紧
Have you fastened all the doors and windows? 你将所有的门窗关紧了吗?
[同]fix
[难点]
fasten … to … 把…拴在…上
fasten … on … 盯住..,把…加在…上
fatal
adj,致命的,命中注定的
fate
n,命运,天数;命中注定之事
fatigue
n,疲劳,劳累
He is overcome by fatigue,他筋疲力尽。
faulty
adj,有错误的,有缺点的,不完善的
[同] defective
favorable
adj,有利的,顺利的
[同] advantageous
adj,赞成的,称赞的;有助的
[难点]
be favorable to 赞成
fearful
adj,可怕的,吓人的;害怕的,担心的
[难点]
be fearful of doing sth,怕做某事
be fearful to do sth,对做某事感到胆怯
feasible
adj,可行的,可能的
[同] possible
feature
n,特征,特色;(复数)面貌,长相
She is a woman of charming features,她容貌迷人。
federal
adj,联邦的
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI ) 联邦调查局
fee
n,酬金,费(学费、手续费等)
He teaches at a fee of 10,000 Yuan,他教书的报酬是一万元。
feedback
n,反馈,反应
female
adj,女性的,雌性的
female workers 女工
n.(贬)女子;雌性动物
fertile
adj,肥沃的,富饶的;丰产的,丰富的
fertilizer
n,化肥,肥料
festival
n,节目,喜庆日;音乐节,戏剧节
fiber
n,纤维,纤维质
synthetic fiber 合成纤维
n,质地,构造
material of coarse fiber 粗劣的料子
fiction
n,小说;虚构之事,杜撰的故事
a legal fiction 法律上的假定
fierce
adj,凶猛的,残忍的
[同] violent
adj,强烈的,激烈的
[同]intense
adj,狂热的,极度的
figure
n,数字;外形,轮廓;人物;图形,图案;体型,相貌
v,想象;揣测
[难点]
figure for 谋取,企图获得
figure on 料想,指望,推断
figure out 算出,解决 [同] work out
想出,理解
I can’t figure that man out,我不了解那个人。
file
n,档案,卷宗
on file 归档,存卷;(计算机中)文件
vt,拍成纵队行进
The soldiers filed in / out,士兵们成单行进入/出去。
filter
n,过滤器;滤色镜;滤波器
v,过滤,滤清;透过,渗入,走漏
The news filtered through,消息走漏出去了。
finally
adv,最后,最终;决定性地
[同] decisively
finance
n,财政,金融;(复数)财源,资金
v,为…筹措资金,供…以经费
financial
adj,财政的,金融的
financial year 财政年度
finding
n.(复数)发现;研究(或调查)结果第三十天[2003.03.15.]
fine
n,罚款,罚金
vt,罚…的款
He was fined 600 Yuan for speeding,他因超速行车被罚款六百元。
fireman
n,消防队员;司炉工
fisherman
n,渔民
flame
n,火焰,火苗;热情,激情
[同] passion
[难点]
burst into flames 燃烧起来
in flames 在燃烧着
a flame of anger 怒火
flash
n,闪光,闪烁
v,闪光,闪烁
The lightning flashed across the sky,闪电划破长空。
[同]blink
v,闪现,飞驰
The idea flashed into his mind,这个念头掠过他的心头。
[难点]
in a flash 一刹那间
a flash in the pan 昙花一现(的事)
flavor
n,味,味道
[同] taste
n,风味,特色
vt,给…调味,加味于…
flavor a sauce with onions 在酱油中加洋葱调味
fleet
n,车队,船队,舰队,机群
flesh
n,肉,果肉;肌肤,肉体
[难点]
flesh and blood 人性,人类
in the flesh 活着的,亲自
flexible
adj,易弯曲的,柔韧的
[反] solid
adj,灵活的
flight
n,飞行,飞翔;航空旅行;航班,班机;阶梯的一段;逃走,逃忘
[难点]
in flight 在飞行中
in the first flight 领头,占首要地位
float
v,(使)漂浮
The boat floated down the river,那船顺流漂下。
flock
n,羊群,(一)群
a flock of wild geese 一群大雁
[同] herd
n,大量,众多
vi,群集,成群
The children flocked round their mother,孩子们聚集在他们母亲的周围。
[同]gather
[难点]
in flocks 成群的
flour
n,面粉
flourish
v,繁荣,兴旺,茂盛
His business is flourishing,他生意兴隆。
flow
v,流动
Rivers flow into the sea,千条江河归大海。
v,飘垂,飘拂
n,(单数)流动
fluent
adj,流利的,流畅的
speak fluent English 说流利的英语
fluid
n,液体,流体
adj,流动的
[同] mobile
adj,易变的,不固定的
fluid plans 不固定的计划
adj,流体的,液体的
focus
n,焦点;(活动,兴趣等的)中心
v,(使)聚焦,(使)集中
focus one’s attention on the main problems 把注意力集中到主要问题上
[难点]
focus sth,on sth,把某物聚集到某物上
fog
n,雾
fog lamp (汽车的)雾灯
[难点]
in a fog 迷惑,坠入五里雾中
fold
v,折叠,合拢
fold a letter 将信折起来
v,包起,笼罩
n,折,折痕
[同]winkle
[难点]
fold sb,in one’s arms 拥抱某人
fold sth,up in sth,用…包某物
fold sth,up into… 把…折叠成
folk
n,人们,家属
Some folk are never satisfied,有些人永远不满足
n,民间的
folk music 民间音乐
following
adj,下列的,接着的
fond
adj,(表语)喜爱的,爱好的;溺爱的,多情的
[难点]
be fond of … 爱好…
forbid
vt,禁止,阻止,不许
[难点]
forbid sb,to do sth,禁止某人做某事
forbid sth,禁止某事
forbid sb,sth,禁止某人做某事
footstep
n,脚步,脚步声;足迹
forecast
n,预言,预告
[同]prediction
vt,预测,预报
forecast the weather 预报天气
[同]foretell
forehead
n,额,前额
foreigner
n,外国人
forge
vt,锻造,锻炼,打制
forge an anchor 打造船锚
n,锻工车间,铁匠店;锻炉
forgive
v,宽恕,原谅,饶恕
[难点]
forgive sb,for doing sth,原谅某人做某事
forgive sb,sth,原谅某人某事第三十一天[2003.03.16.]
formal
adj,正式的;合乎礼仪的;布置整齐的,均称的;形式上的,外表的
formation
n,形成,构成
[同] constitution
n,形成物
former
adj,以前的,在前的
the former 前者
n,构成物,创造者
formula
n,(复数) formulas 公式,分子式;客套语
forth
adv,向前
[同] forward
adv,向外
[同] outward
[难点]
and so forth 等等 = and so on
back and forth 前后地,来回地 = to and fro
fortnight
n,两星期
a fortnight ago 两星期前
fortunate
adj,幸运的,侥幸的
[同] lucky
[难点]
be fortunate in 在…方面很幸运
fortunately
adv,幸运地,幸亏
fortune
n,命运,运气
[同] fate
n,财产,财富
[同] wealth
[难点]
try one’s fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财
fortuneteller 算命人,看相人
come into a fortune 继承大笔遗产
found
vt,创立,创办,创建
foundation
n,建立,创立;(思想、信仰等的)基础,根据;(复数)地基;基金,基金会
[难点]
lay solid foundations for … 为…打下坚实的基础
fraction
n,小部分,片断,碎片;分数(数学)
fragment
n,碎片,断片
The girl tried to put the fragments of a broken vase together,
那个女孩试图将一只破花瓶的碎片拼起来
[同]particle
frame
n,框架,框子
vt,给…装框子
frame an oil painting 给油画装框
framework
n,构架,结构;机构,组织
frank
adj,坦白的,直率的
freight
n,货运;货物;运费
frequency
n,时常发生,频繁;频率,发生次数
frequent
adj,时常发生的,频繁的
a frequent visitor 常客
friction
n,摩擦,摩擦力;冲突,不和
fridge
n,冰箱
frog
n,蛙
frontier
n,国境,边界
frontier incidents 边界争端
[同]border
n,边疆,边远地区;新领域
frost
n,霜;严寒,冰冻
frown
n,皱眉
There was a deep frown on his forehead,他深深皱着眉头。
vi,皱眉,表示不满
[同]
frown at sb,对某人皱眉
frown on/upon 对…不赞成
fruitful
adj,多产的,富有成效的;肥沃的,丰饶的
[同] fertile
fry
vt,油煎,油炸
fuel
n,燃料
nuclear fuel 核燃料
n,给…加燃料
fulfil
vt,履行,完成
fulfil one’s promise 履行诺言
fulfil oneself 实现自己的抱负
vt,满足(期望等),达到
function
n,功能,机能,作用;职务,职责;庆典,盛大集会第三十二天[2003.03.17.]
fund
n.(复数)资金,基金,专款;储备,储存
vt,为…提供资金
fundamental
adj,基本的,根本的
[同]basic
n.(复数)基本原则,基本原理
funeral
n,葬礼,丧礼
fur
n.(兽的)软毛;毛皮,裘皮;装
furnish
vt,供应,提供
furnish an army with supplies 供给军队补给品
[同]provide
vt,装备,布置
[难点]
furnish sb,with sth,给某人提供某物
furnish sth,to sb,供给某人某物
furthermore
adv,而且,此外
gallon
n,加仑
gang
n,一帮,一伙,一群
a gang of robbers 一帮强盗
gap
n,裂缝,缺口;差距,间隔
There was a wide gap between the views of the two,他们俩的观点有很大的分歧。
n,山口,山峡
garage
n,汽车库,飞机库;汽车修理厂,加油站
gardener
n,园艺家,画匠,园丁
gas
n,气体;煤气;汽油
gaseous
adj,气体的,气态的
gasoline
n,汽油
[同] petrol
gauge
n,标准度量,程度,范围
take gauge of one’s character 判断某人的品行
n,计量器
vt,用量具测量,测定
gauge the diameter of wire 测量金属线的直径
gaze
vi,凝视,注视
n,(单数)凝视
[难点]
gaze at 凝视
gaze into the sky 凝视天空
gaze on / upon 看…
generally
adv,一般地,通常地,大体上
generate
vt,发生,产生(光、电、热等)
generate electricity 发电
vt,引起,导致;生殖,生育
generation
n,产生,发生,生殖;代,世代
a generation gap 代沟
generator
n,生殖者,创造者;发电器,发电机
generous
adj,慷慨的,大方的;丰富的,丰盛的;宽厚的
genius
n,天才,天赋
have a genius for … 在某方面有天才
[同]talent
genuine
adj,真正的,真实的
[同]factual
adj,真诚的
[同]sincere
geometry
n,几何学
germ
n,微生物,细菌,病菌
gesture
n,姿势,手势;(外交等方面的)姿态,表示
ghost
n,鬼魂,幽灵
giant
n,巨人;巨物
adj,巨大的
glance
n,一瞥,匆匆一看,扫视
v,看一眼,一瞥
[难点]
glance at / over 瞥视…
at a glance 一眼
take a glance at 浏览,一瞥第三十三天[2003.03.18.]
glimpse
n,瞥见,一瞥
vt,瞥见
[难点]
catch / get a glimpse of … 瞥见
globe
n,(the)地球;地球仪;地球物体
glorious
adj,光荣的,显赫的;壮丽辉煌的
[同]splendid
glory
n,光荣,荣誉
[同]honour
glove
n,手套
[难点]
a glove 一只手套
a pair of gloves 一副手套
glow
n,光辉,炽热
vi,发光
glue
n,胶,胶水
vt,胶合,粘贴
glue two pieces of wood together 将两块木头粘在一起
goal
n,球门;终点,目的地;目的,目标;进球得分
govern
vt,统治,管理;支配,影响;抑制,控制
govern one’s temper 捺住性子
governor
n,州长,总督,地方长官;主管,董事,理事
grace
n,优美,优雅;恩惠,恩赐
an act of grace 仁慈的行为
[难点]
with grace = elegantly 优美地
She danced with grace,她舞姿优美。
With a good / bad grace 欣然地/勉强地
graceful
adj,优美的,优雅的
[同]elegant
gradual
adj,逐渐的,逐步的
graduate
n.(大学)毕业生
v,毕业,获学位
[难点]
graduate from / at + 地点名 毕业于某校
graduate in + 学科名 获得…学位
grammatical
adj,语法上的,符合语法的
gram
n,克
grand
adj,重大的,主要的;雄伟的,宏大的;庄重的,崇高的;豪华的
grant
v,同意(给予);承认;假定…正确
n,同意,准许;授予物;拨款
[难点]
grant sb,sth,同意(给予)某人某物
grant that,.,承认
grape
n,葡萄
a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄
graph
n,图表,曲线图
grasp
n,(单数)抓牢,控制;理解,掌握
v,抓住,抱住;理解,领悟
I could hardly grasp her meaning,我不大明白她的意思。
[难点]
have a thorough grasp of 深刻理解
grasp at 设法抓住
He grasped at the opportunity,他企图抓住这个机会。
grateful
adj,感激的,感谢的;令人愉快的,可喜的
gratitude
n,感谢,感激
grave
adj,严重的
grave news 重大新闻
adj,严肃的,庄严的
[同]serious
gravity
n,重力,引力,地心引力;严肃,严重性
He didn’t realize the gravity of the situation,他不知道形势的严重。
[同]seriousness
greedy
adj,贪婪的,渴望的;贪吃的,嘴馋的
[难点]
be greedy for /of sth,渴望得到
be greedy to do sth,急切要做某事
Greek
n,希腊人;希腊语
adj,希腊人的,希腊语的,希腊的
greeting
n,问候,致敬,招呼
grind
vt,磨碎,碾碎
grind corn into flour 将谷物磨成粉
grip
v,牢牢抓紧
The child gripped its mother’s hand,那孩子紧紧抓住他母亲的手。
v,强烈吸引
n,抓紧(牢)
take a grip on a rope 抓紧绳子
n,掌握,控制第三十四天[2003.03.19.]
grocer
n,杂货店
at the grocer’s 在杂货食品店
gross
adj,总的,毛的
gross national product 国民生产总值
[同]total
adj,严重的,显著的;粗俗的,粗野的
growth
n,成长,发展;增加;种植
guarantee
n,保修(期)
three years’ guarantee 三年保修期
n,保证(人或物),担保
vt,保证,担保
This insurance guarantees you against loss by fire.
这个保险保证你不因火灾受损失。
[同]warrant
guidance
n,指导,指引,领导
[难点]
under the guidance of 在…指导(指引)下
guilty
adj,有罪的;内疚的
[难点]
be guilty of … 犯…罪
be guilty for… 因…而内疚
gulf
n,海湾
the Persian Gulf 波斯湾
gum
n,树胶,树脂;口香糖
gym
=gymnasium
gymnasium
n,(pl.) gymnasia / gymnasiums
体育馆;健身房
halt
v.(使)停止;(使)停住
The officer halted his troops for a rest,军官命令部队停止行进,休息一下。
[同]stop
n,停止,停住
[同]cease
[难点]
call a halt (命令)停止
come to a halt 停止
bring…to a halt 使…停止
hammer
n,锤子,榔头
v,敲打,锤击
[同]strike
[难点]
hammer in a nail / hammer a nail in 用锤敲进一钉
hammer … out 锤平某物
hammer at … 敲打…
handful
n,一把,少量
a handful of people 少数人
[同]few
handle
v,触,摸;应付,处理,控制(人)
She is good at handling children,她很会带小孩。
[同]deal with
v,搬,拿;操纵
[同]manipulate
n,柄,把手
handwriting
n,笔迹,手写物
handy
adj,手边的,附近的;方便的;手巧的
harbor
n,海港,港口
[同]port
vt,心怀,怀有
harbor thoughts of revenge 心怀报复的念头
vt,庇护,藏匿
harden
v,(使)变硬,(使)坚强
be hardened to 对…无动于衷
[反]soften
hardship
n,困苦的情况;痛苦,苦难
[同]suffering
hardware
n,计算机硬件
[反]software
n,金属器具
Pots and pans are hardware,壶和平底锅是金属器具。
harm
n,损坏,危害,伤害
[同]damage,injury
vt,伤害,危害
[同]hurt
[难点]
do harm to … 损害,对…有伤害 = do … harm
Too much drinking will do you harm,喝太多的酒对你有害
[反]do … good
harmony
n.(感情,兴趣等的)和睦,一致;协调,和谐
They lived in perfect harmony,他们相处得很融洽。
[难点]
be in harmony with 与…一致
harness
vt,治理,利用
harness the power of the sun 利用太阳能
[同]utilize
n,马具
harsh
adj,严厉的,苛刻的
[同]severe
adj,刺耳的,刺目的
haste
n,匆忙,赶快,急速
[同]hurry
[难点]
in great haste 匆匆
He went off in great haste,他匆匆离去。
Make haste ! 赶快!
More haste,less speed,欲速则不达。
hatred
n,憎恶,仇恨
[难点]
with hatred 憎恶地
have a hatred for … 憎恨…
be in hatred of sb,憎恨某人
be hateful to sb,在某人看来是可恨的
hay
n,干草
hazard
n,冒险,危险;机会,偶然的事
[难点]
at all hazards 不顾任何危险地
at hazard 在危险中,随便地
heading
n,标题
headline
n.(报刊的)大字标题;(复数)新闻广播的提要第三十五天[2003.03.20.]
headquarters
n,司令部,指挥部;总部,总店
heap
n.(一)堆
a big heap of books 一大堆书
[同]pile
n,大量,许多
heaps of time 大量的时间
vt,使成堆,堆积
The barn was heaped with grain,谷仓里堆满了粮食。
[难点]
heap sth,on sb,/ sth,(大量地)给某物于某人(某人)
heap favours on a person 施恩于某人
heap sb,/sth,with sth,给予某人(某物)大量的某物
hedge
n.(矮)树篱
v,围以树篱
hedge a field 用数篱围起田园
heel
n,脚后跟,踵
helicopter
n,直升飞机
hell
n,地狱;苦境
suffer hell on earth 受人间之苦
n.(常用于加强语气或咒骂)
cold as hell 冷得要命
Go to hell! 滚开!
What a hell of a noise ! 真是吵死人了!
What the hell do you want? 你到底要什么?
helpful
adj,给予帮助的;有益的
[同]beneficial
[难点]
be helpful to… 对…有益
helpless
adj,无助的,孤立无援的;无效的,没用的
hen
n,母鸡;雌禽
hence
adv,今后,从此
The vacation begins two weeks hence,从现在起再过两周就开始放假。
[同]from now on
adv,因此,所以
Hence these stories,因而有了这些故事。
[同]therefore
herd
n.兽群,牧群
v.把...赶在一起放牧,成群
heroic
adj,英雄的
heroic deeds 英雄事迹
adj,英勇的
[同]brave
hesitate
vi,犹豫,踌躇
[难点]
hesitate to do sth,对做某事犹豫不决
hesitate about doing sth,对做…犹豫不决
highly
adv,高度地;非常地;赞许地
speak highly of sb,称赞某人
highway
n,公路,大路
hillside
n,山坡,(小山)山腰
hint
n,暗示,示意
[同]suggestion
v,暗示
He hinted her carelessness,/ He hinted that she was careless.
他暗示她的疏忽。
[同]imply
[难点]
drop / give sb,a hint 暗示某人
take a hint 接受暗示
hint at 间接提及
historical
adj,历史的,有关历史的
hobby
n,业余嗜好
hollow
adj,空的,中空的;空虚的,空洞的
[同]idle
holy
adj,神圣的,圣洁的
[同]sacred
honey
n,蜂蜜
honorable
adj,荣誉的,光荣的;诚实的,正直的;尊敬的,高尚的
hook
n,钩
a fishhook 钓鱼钩
v,钩住,钩紧
hopeful
adj,满怀希望的;有希望的
[同]promising
[难点]
be / feel hopeful about / of … 对…充满希望
hopeless
adj,绝望的,没有希望的
horizon
n,地平线;眼界,见识
[难点]
on the horizon 在地平线上
horizontal
adj,地平的,地平线的;水平的
[反]vertical
horn
n.(动物的)角;号角,喇叭
horror
n,恐怖
[同]terror
n,憎恶;令人恐怖的事情第三十六天[2003.03.21.]
horsepower
n,( 略作 hp ) 马力
host
n,主人,东道主;节目主持人;一大群,许多
[同]great number of
[难点]
act as host at … 担任…的主人(或主持人)
a host of 一大群
hosts of 许多
hostile
adj,敌对的,敌意的;不友好的
[难点]
be hostile to … 对…有敌意
household
n,一家人,家庭,户
Ten households live in this apartment building.
有十户人家住在这栋住宅楼里。
adj,家庭的,家常的,普通的
housewife
n,家庭主妇
human
adj,人的,人类的
n,人
humble
adj,(地位)低下的,卑贱的;谦卑的,谦恭的
[同]modest
vt,降低(身份等),贬抑
[同]degrade
humor
n,幽默,诙谐
have a good sense of humor 很有幽默感
humorous
adj,幽默的,诙谐的
hunger
n,饥饿
die of hunger 饿死
n,渴望
[难点]
have a hunger for … 渴望得到…
hunt
n,狩猎;搜寻
[同]seek
v,狩猎;搜索,追获
[难点]
hunt down 追寻…直至捕获
hunt down an escaped prisoner 追捕一逃犯
hunt for ( after) 搜寻,寻找
hunt out 搜寻出
hunt up 寻找(难发现之物等)
hut
n,小屋,棚屋
[同]cabin
hydrogen
n,氢
hydrogen bomb 氢弹
ice-cream
n,冰淇淋
ideal
adj,理想的,完满的;理想主义的
n,理想
identical
adj,相同的,相等的
We are identical in our views,我们意见一致。
[难点]
be identical with 与…相同
identify
vt,认出,鉴定
Could you identify your car among a hundred others?
你能在一百辆车中认出你的车吗?
vt,认为…等同于
[难点]
identify … with 把…与…等同起来
We have always identified your difficulties with our own.
我们一直认为你们的困难是我们自己的困难。
idle
adj,空闲的;无用的,无效的;懒散的,无所事事的
v,虚度
Don’t idle away your precious time,不要浪费大好时光。
v,懒散
[难点]
idle about 闲待着
idle away (时间)虚度时光
ignorant
adj,无知的
[反]educated
adj,不知道的
[难点]
be ignorant of 不知道
be ignorant of conditions at the lower levels 不了解下情
ignore
vt,不顾,不理,忽视
You should ignore the rude remarks,你应当对这些无理的评论置之不理。
[同]neglect
illegal
adj,非法的,违规的
[反]legal
illustrate
v,说明,阐明
[同]clarify
v,给…做插图说明
illustration
n,说明,图解
He cited instances in illustration of this theory,他举例说明这种理论。
n,例证,插图
image
n,像,形象;映像,图像
imaginary
adj,想象中的,虚构的
[同] fanciful,unreal
imagination
n,想象力,想象;空想,幻觉
imitate
vt,模仿,仿效
James can imitate his father’s speech perfectly.
詹姆斯能惟妙惟肖地模仿他父亲的语言.
vt,仿制,仿造
immediate
adj,立即的,即刻的
[同]instant
adj,直接的,最接近的
the immediate cause 近因
immense
adj,广大的,巨大的
[同]huge
immigrant
n,移民,侨民
adj,(从国外)移来的,移民的第三十七天[2003.03.22.]
impact
n,影响,作用
[同]effect
n,冲击,碰撞
[难点]
impact on … 对…的冲击
impatient
adj,不耐烦的,急躁的
[同]restless
[难点]
be impatient to do … 急不可耐地想做….
be impatient of … 对…不耐烦
implication
n,含意,暗示,暗指
imply
vt,暗示,含有…的意思
Do you realize what his words imply? 你领会他说话的含义吗?
import
vt,进口,输入
This factory imports cotton from foreign countries.
这个工厂从其它国家进口棉花。
n,进口,输入;(pl.)进口商品,输入额
importance
n,重要性
[同]significance
impose
vt,把…强加在
He imposes his company on me,他硬缠着我。
[同]inflict
vt,征税
[难点]
impose sth,on / upon 把…强加在…上
impose taxes on … 征…的税
impress
vt,使铭记,给…深刻的印象
What impressed me most is her courage,她的勇气给我留下了很深的印象。
vt,印记,压痕
[难点]
to be impressed by / with 为…所感动
impress … on /upon 将…铭记在
impress sb,with … 给某人留下…印象
impression
n,印象,感想
[同]perception
n,印记
impressive
adj,感人的,给人印象深刻的
[同]moving
improvement
n,改进,增进;改进之处
incident
n,发生的事
[同]occurrence
n,事件,事变
incline
n,斜坡,斜面
v,使倾斜
The road inclines downward,这条路向下倾斜。
v,使倾向于
[难点]
incline sb,to do 使某人倾向于
be inclined to do 倾向,常常
increasingly
adv,越来越多地,日益地
independence
n,独立,自主
[反]dependence
independent
adj,独立的,自主的
[难点]
be independent of 不受…的约束
index
n,(pl.)indexes 索引;指数,指标
vt,为…编索引,把…编入索引
His work is indexing the books of the school,他的工作是给学校的图书编索引。
indicate
vt,标明,指出
A sign-post indicated the right road for us to follow,路标指示出我们应该走的路。
[同]point out
vt,表明,表示
indication
n,指示,表示
[同]expression
n,迹象,征兆
indifferent
adj,冷漠的,不积极的
[同]icy
[难点]
be indifferent to 对…漠不关心
indirect
adj,间接的,迂回的
[反]direct
indispensable
adj,必不可少的,必须的
[同]essential
[难点]
be indispensable to / for 对…是必不可少的
individual
adj,个别的,独自的
[反]general
adj,独特的
n,个人,个体
indoors
adv,在室内
[同]inside
industrial
adj,工业的,产业的
industrialize
v,使工业化
highly industrialize areas 高度工业化的地区
inevitable
adj,不可避免的,必然的
infant
n,婴儿,幼儿
adj,婴儿的;幼稚的,初期的
[同]immature
infect
vt,传染,感染
The boy was infected with cholera,这个男孩传染上霍乱。
第三十八天[2003.03.23.]
inferior
adj,下等的,下级的
As far as the rank and position is concerned,an associate professor is inferior to a professor,though they are almost equally knowledge.
就头衔和职位而言,副教授低于教授,虽然他们的学识几乎相同。
[同]subordinate
adj,劣等的
[反]superior
[难点]
be inferior to 劣于,低于
infinite
adj,无限的,无穷的
[同]boundless
influence
n,影响,感化力
[同]pull
n,势力,权势;有影响力的人或事物
vt,影响,感化
Don’t be influenced by bad examples,不要受坏榜样的影响。
[同]affect
[难点]
have an influence on / upon 对…产生影响
influential
adj,有影响的;有权势的
inform
vt,通知,告诉;
vi,告发,检举
[难点]
inform sb,of / about sth,通知某人某事
Did you inform them of the process of the work? 你把工作进程告诉他了吗?
inform against / on sb,告发某人
inhabitant
n,居民,住户
[同] dweller,resident
inherit
vt,继承
inherit the glorious revolutionary tradition 继承光荣的革命传统
initial
adj,开始的,最初的
n.(复数)词首大写字母
injection
n,注射,注入
injure
vt.损害,伤害
injure sb.’s pride 伤害某人的自尊心
[同]damage
injury
n,损害,伤害
[同]harm
n,受伤处
[难点]
do sb,an injury 伤害某人
inn
n,客栈,小旅店
inner
adj,内部的,里面的
[同]interior
adj,内心的
innocent
adj,清白的,无罪的
[同]blameless,guiltless
adj,天真的,单纯的
[同]na?ve
adj,无害的,没有恶意的
[难点]
be innocent of 没有…的
Is he guilty or innocent of the crime? 他是有罪还是无罪?
input
n,输入
vt,输入
inquire
v,打听;调查,询问
[难点]
inquire sth,of sb,向某人询问某事
inquire into 调查,了解
inquire about 查问
inquire after 问候
inquire for 查询
inquiry
n,打听,询问
on inquiry 经过询问
n,调查,查问
[同]investigation
insect
n,昆虫
insert
vt,插入,嵌入
insert a key in a lock 将钥匙插入锁中
[反]extract
inspect
vt,检查;视察,检阅
inspect troops 检阅军队
inspire
vt,鼓舞;给…以灵感
[难点]
inspire sb,to do sth,鼓舞某人做某事
Success inspires us to make fresh efforts,成功鼓舞我们去做新的努力。
inspire sb,with,sth,用…鼓舞某人
inspire him with courage 鼓起他的勇气
install
vt,安装,设置
The building was installed a new boiler,那幢房子安装了一只新锅炉。
installation
n,安装,设置;装置,设备
instance
n,例子,实例
[难点]
for instance 例如
instant
n,瞬间,立刻
adj,即刻的,立即的
[同]immediate
adj,急迫的
patient in instant need of first aid 急需抢救的病人
adj,(食品)速溶的
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
[难点]
the instant 一…就… = as soon as
instinct
n,本能,天性
by instinct 出于本能
n,直觉
institution
n,公共机构,学校;制度,习俗
[同]custom
instruct
vt,教育,指导;命令,指示;通知,向…说明
[难点]
instruct sb,to do 通知或吩咐某人做…
instruction
n.(复数)命令,指示;教导,教学
instrument
n,工具,仪器,器械
optical instruments 光学仪器
[同]implement
n,乐器第三十九天[2003.03.24.]
insult
n,侮辱,凌辱
offer sb,an insult 侮辱某人
[同]indignity
vt,侮辱,辱骂
[反]honor
insurance
n,保险,保险费
insure
vt,给…保险
insure one’s house against fire 给自己的房屋保火险
[同]assure
vt,保证,确保
[难点]
insure sb,against 确保某人不…
Carefulness insures you against errors,工作仔细可使你不犯错误.
intellectual
n,知识分子
adj,智力的
[同]mental
intelligence
n,智力,理解力
an intelligence test 智力测验
[同]brainpower
n,消息,情报
intelligent
adj,聪明的,明智的
be intelligent of one’s own merits 有自知之明
intend
vt,想要,打算
[同]mean,design
[难点]
intend doing ( to do )
What do you intend to do next? 你下一步打算做什么?
intend sb,to do 打算让某人做…
intend sb,for sth,准备让某人干…
be intended for 打算使…成为
intense
adj,强烈的,剧烈的
intense heat 酷热
[同]fierce
adj,紧张的,认真的
intensity
n,强烈,剧烈;强度
labor intensity 劳动强度
intensive
adj,精深的,深入的
[同]profound
intention
n,意图,目的
interaction
n,相互作用,相互影响
interfere
vi,干涉,介入
As he was always interfering,I told him to mind his own business.
因他总爱干预他人,我叫他少管闲事。
[同]intervene
vi,妨碍
[难点]
interfere in 干涉,插手
interfere with 妨碍
interference
n,干涉,介入;妨碍,干扰
interior
adj,内部的
[同]inner
adj,内地的,国内的
n,内部,内地
intermediate
adj,中间的;中级的
internal
adj,内的,内部的;国内的
[同]domestic
international
adj,国内的,世界的
interpret
vt,解释,说明
In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to interpret dreams were likely to be highly respected,在许多文化中,那些被认为能够解梦的人往往受到高度尊敬。
vt,口译,翻译
[难点]
interpret for 为…当译员
interpret,,as 把…理解为
interpretation
n,解译,说明
interrupt
v,打断,打扰;中止,阻碍
interval
n,间隔,间距;幕间休息
[难点]
at intervals 不时地,间隔地
at intervals of 10 days 每隔十天
interview
n,接见,会见;面谈,面试
vt,接见,会见
intimate
adj,亲密的,密切的;个人的,私下的
introduction
n,介绍;引进,传入;引言,导论
invade
vt,侵入,侵略
You have invaded my rights,你已经侵犯了我的权利。
invasion
n,入侵,侵略,侵犯
invent
vt,发明,创造
invention
n,发明,创造;捏造,虚构
inventor
n,发明家,发明者第四十天[2003.03.25.]
invest
v,投资,投入
He invests heavily in an enterprise,他对一家企业大量投资。
investigate
v,调查,调查研究
The company is investigating the market for sales of the new product.
公司在为新产品的销路调查市场。
investment
n,投资,投资额
invisible
adj,看不见的,无形的
[反]visible
invitation
n,邀请,招待;邀请书,请帖
involve
vt,使参与,使卷入
Poverty involved his family in misfortune.
贫困使他的家庭陷入了困境。
[难点]
be / get involved in 被卷入
be / get involved with 与…在一起
inward
adj,内部的,里面的
adv,向内地(=inwards)
isolate
vt,使隔开,使孤立
The sufferers were immediately isolated,患者被立即隔离。
[难点]
be isolated from 脱离
issue
n,问题,争论点;发行,期号
v,发行,颁布
This magazine is issued monthly,这个杂志每月出一期。
v,(使)流出,发出
Italian
adj,意大利的;意大利人的;意大利语的
n,意大利人;意大利语
item
n,条,条款;(新闻等的)一条,一则
jam
n,果酱;拥挤,堵塞
v,堵塞,挤满
The bus was jammed full,公共汽车挤得满满的。
[同]crowd
jar
n,广口瓶,罐子
jaw
n,颌,颚
jazz
n,爵士乐
jealous
adj,妒忌的,羡慕的
[同]envious
adj,猜忌的
[难点]
be jealous of 忌妒…
jet
n,喷气式飞机;喷嘴;喷流,喷射
jewel
n,宝石,宝石饰物
joint
n,接头,接合处
[同]junction
n,关节
adj,连接的,共同的
[同]common
joke
n,笑话,玩笑
vi,说笑话,开玩笑
[难点]
play a joke on 戏弄…
joke about 开…的玩笑
make a joke about 拿…开玩笑
journal
n,日报,杂志
a monthly journal 月刊
n,日志,日记
judgement
n,审判,被审判;判断;见识,评价
[难点]
in one’s judgement 就某人看来
juice
n,汁,液
jungle
n,丛林,密丛
junior
adj,年少的,较少的
[反]senior
adj,资历较浅的
n,年少者;等级较低者,晚辈
[难点]
junior to 比…小(是junior 的比较级,这类词还有superior,prior,inferior,senior等)
justice
n,正义,公正
[同]fairness
n,司法,法律制裁
[同]judgement
justify
vt,证明…正当,为…辩护
The course of the events fully justified our views,
事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。
[同]verify
keen
adj,热心的,渴望的;激烈的,强烈的;敏锐的
[难点]
be keen on (doing) sth,喜爱…
be keen about 对…着迷
kettle
n,水壶
keyboard
n,键盘第四十一天[2003.03.26.]
kid
n,小孩,小伙子;小山羊
kilogram
n,公斤,千克
kindness
n,仁慈
kingdom
n,王国
[同]realm
n,领域,界
kitchen
n,厨房
kneel
vi,跪
knot
n.(绳上的)节;节(航速和流速的单位)
label
n,标签,标记
vt,贴标签于
The bottle is labeled poison,瓶上标明有毒。
vt,把…称为
[难点]
label … as … 把…说做是
lack
v,不足,缺少
He is lacking in responsibility,他缺乏责任心。
n,不足,缺乏
[同]want
[难点]
be lacking in 缺乏
for lack of 因缺乏…
have no lack of 不缺乏…
lag
vi,走得慢,落后
Jane always lags behind the rest of the family when we are out for a walk.
我们出去散步时,珍妮总是落在全家人的后面。
n,落后,滞后
landlord
n,地主,房东
lane
n,小路,小巷;车道,跑道
lap
n,膝部;(跑道的)一圈
largely
adv,大部分,主要地
laser
n,激光
last
vi,持续,持久
The storm will not last long,暴风雨不会持续很久。
vt,够…使用
The vegetable can last us a whole week,这些蔬菜够我们吃一整个星期。
lately
adv,最近,不久前
later
adv,后来,过一会儿
Latin
adj,拉丁的;拉丁人的;拉丁语的
n,拉丁语的;拉丁人
latter
adj,后者的;后一半的
n,后者
laughter
n,笑声,笑
launch
vt,发射;使(船)下水;发动,开展
launch a mass movement 开展群众运动
n,发射,(船)下水
laundry
n,洗衣房,洗衣店;洗好的衣服,待洗的衣服
lavatory
n,厕所
lawn
n,草地,草坪
lawyer
n,律师
layer
n,层,层次
the middle layer of society 社会的中间阶层
layout
n,安排,布局,设计
lead
n,铅
leader
n,领袖,领导者第四十二天[2003.03.27.]
leadership
n,领导,领导能力
[难点]
under the leadership of 在...领导下
leading
adj,领导的,指导的
the leading bodies of the Party 党的领导机关
[同]guiding
adj,最重要的,首位的
the leading topic of the hour 当前主要的话题
leak
vi,漏,渗;泄露(消息等)
The information may have leaked in Britain,情报可能是在英国泄露的。
n,漏洞;泄漏
lean
v,倾斜;倚,靠
[难点]
lean against 斜靠在…上
lean a ladder against a wall 把…架梯子靠在墙上
lean on 靠在…上,依靠
Don’t always lean on others for help,不要老是依赖别人的帮助。
lean over 探过身子
leap
v,跳跃,(使)跳过
The rider tried to leap his horse over the fence,骑手试图纵马跃过栅栏。
[同]jump
n,飞跃,跃进;跳跃
[难点]
by leaps and bounds 极迅速地
learned
adj,有学问的,博学的
learning
n,知识,学问
a man of learning 学问高深的人
leather
n,皮革
legal
adj,法律上的;合法的,法定的
leisure
n,空闲;安逸,悠闲
a life of leisure 悠闲的生活
[难点]
at leisure 闲着,有空
at one’s leisure 当某人有空时
lens
n,镜头,透镜
lest
conj,唯恐,免得
[同]in case
lever
n,杆,杠杆;手段,方法
liable
adj,易于…的
[同]apt,likely
adj,有责任的,有义务的;可能的
[难点]
be liable to 易于…的
We are all liable to make mistakes occasionally,我们大家有时都会犯错误。
be liable for 对…负有责任的
liberal
adj,自由主义的;慷慨大方的
be liberal of / with one’s advice 乐于向别人提出劝告的
[同]generous
adj,心胸宽大的
a man of liberal views 见解开明的人
liberate
vt,解放,使…获自由
The PLA liberated the whole country,解放军解放了全中国。
liberty
n,自由;许可,准许
librarian
n,图书馆员(馆长)
licence
n,许可,特许;许可证,执照
vt,给…发执照,批准
The restaurant is licensed for the sale of beer,but not spirits.
这家餐馆准许出卖啤酒,但不准卖烈酒。
lid
n,盖,盖子
[同]cover
lightning
n,闪电
likely
adj,可能的,有希望的
adv,很可能
[难点]
be likely to do 有可能….
It is likely that … 有可能….(= Chances are that …)
likewise
adv,同样地,照样地;也,又
limb
n,肢,臂;树枝
lime
n,石灰
limit
n,限度
[同]restriction
n,(复数)范围
[同]bound
vt,限定
Speeches were limited to fifteen minutes each,每次发言限定在15分钟。
[同]restrict
limitation
n,限制,局限
[同]confinement
limited
adj,有限的
[同]finite
adj,限定的
[同]qualified
link
v,连接,联系
The interest of individuals is indissolubly linked to that of the state.
个人利益同国家利益密切联系在一起。
[反]separate
n,环,节,联系
[难点]
link … to 把…连起来
link up with 把…串起来
liquid
n,液体
adj,液体的,液态的第四十三天[2003.03.28.]
liquor
n,酒
[同]alcohol
literary
adj,文学(上)的
literature
n,文学,文学作品
[同]writings
n,文献,图书资料
litre
n,升,公升
liver
n,肝
living
adj,活(着)的
[同]alive
n,生计,生活
living-room
n,起居室
load
vt,装,装载
The workers are loading cargo into the hold,工人们正在把货装入船舱。
vi,装货
The ship is loading for Shanghai,这艘船正在装货运往上海。
n,负荷,负担,装载量
[同]burden
[难点]
be loaded with 被装上…
loaf
n,一个(面包)
loan
n,借出物,贷款
vt,借出,贷与
The International Bank promised to make a loan of twenty thousand pounds to them.
国际银行答应他们贷款两万英镑。
local
adj,当地的,地方性的;局部的
locate
vt,探明,找出
He located a leak in the gasoline tank,他找到了汽油箱上的漏洞。
vt,把…设在,使…坐落于
[难点]
be located in 位于…
location
n,位置,场所
lodge
vi,暂住,借住
I lodged at my friend’s house,我寄住在我朋友家里。
vt,供…临时住宿
We will be very glad to board and lodge you,我们很高兴给你提供食宿。
log
n,原木,木料
logic
n,逻辑学,逻辑性
logical
adj,逻辑的,符合逻辑的
long
vt,渴望,极想
She longed for him to say something,她渴望他说几句话。
[难点]
long for sth,渴望得到某物
long for sb,to do sth,渴望某人去做某事
loop
n,环,环状物
loose
adj,松的,宽松的
[反]tight,strict
lord
n,贵族,领主;(Lord)上帝
lorry
n,卡车,运货汽车
loss
n,丧失,丢失;输掉,失败;浪费,损失
[难点]
at a loss 困惑,不知所措
lover
n,情人;爱好者
lower
adj,较低的;低等的;下游的
the lower Yangtze Valley 长江下游地区
vt,放下,降下,放低
lower one’s voice 放低声音
loyal
adj,忠诚的,忠心的
[同]faithful
[难点]
be loyal to 忠于…
loyalty
n,忠诚,忠心
lucky
adj,幸运的,侥幸的
luggage
n,行李
a piece of luggage 一件行李
[同]baggage
第四十四天[2003.03.29.]
lump
n,团,块
a lump of sugar 一块方糖
n,肿块
vt,把…归并在一起
We lumped all our money together to buy our teacher a present.
我们把所有的钱凑在一起给老师买了一件礼物。
lung
n,肺
luxury
n,奢侈
live in luxury 奢侈的生活
n,奢侈品
machinery
n.(总称)机器,机械
magic
n,魔术,魔法
adj,有魔力的,魔术的
a magic weapon 法宝
magnet
n,磁铁,磁体;有吸引力的人或物
Hawaii is a magnet for tourists,夏威夷是一个吸引游客的地方。
magnetic
adj,磁的,有磁性的;有吸引力的,有魅力的
magnificent
adj,壮丽的,宏伟的
[同]splendid
maid
n,女仆,女佣;少女
mail
n,邮件,邮包
vt,邮寄
mail a letter 寄一封信
mainland
n,大陆
maintain
vt,维持,保持
maintain prices 保持物价稳定
[同]keep,preserve
vt,保养,维修;坚持,主张
He stoutly maintained his innocence,他强硬地坚持说他是无辜的。
vt,赡养,负担
maintain oneself 自立
maintenance
n,维持,保持;保修,保养,维修
major
adj,主要的,较大的
[反]minor
n,专业,专业学生
take … as one’s major 以…为主修专业
vi,主修,专攻
Mary majored in two subjects at Oxford University,玛丽在牛津大学主修两门科目。
[难点]
major in 专修…
male
adj,男性的,雄性的
n,男子,雄性动物
management
n,经营,管理
[同]conduct,bandling
n,管理部门
manager
n,经理,管理人
mankind
n,人类
[同]humanity
manual
adj,用手的,手工做的
n,手册,指南
[同]handbook
manufacture
vt,制造,加工
This machine is manufactured in Germany,这台机器是德国制造的。
n,制造,制造业;(复数)制造品,产品
manufacturer
n,制造商,制造厂
margin
n,页边空白,边缘;余地
[同]verge
marine
adj,海的,海生的;海上的,海事的
married
adj,已婚的,婚姻的
marvellous
adj,奇迹般的,惊人的
[同]astonishing
Marxist
n,马克思主义者
adj,马克思主义的
mask
n,面具,面罩,口罩;假面具,伪装
v,用面具遮住,遮盖;掩饰,掩盖
She had to smile to mask her fear,她不得不用微笑来掩饰自己的恐惧。
[同]disguise
[难点]
do sth,under a mask of … 借…之名做某事
throw off one’s mask 揭掉假面具
mat
n,席子,垫子
mate
n,伙伴,同事;配偶
v,(使)成配偶,(使)交配
He has mated up his pigeons successfully,他已成功地使鸽子交配繁殖。
mathematical
adj,数学上的第四十五天[2003.03.30.]
mature
adj,成熟的
[同]ripe
adj,成年人的
v,(使)成熟
These years matured his character,这几年使他的性格成熟了。
maximum
n,(pl.) maxima / maximums 最大限度,最大量,顶点
adj,最高的,最大的
mayor
n,市长
mean
adj,自私的;卑鄙的;平均的
n,平均值(数学)
means
n,方法,手段
[同]method,way
[难点]
by all means 务必
by means of 依靠,用
by no means 决不,一点也不
meantime
n./ adv,其时,其间
[同]meanwhile
[难点]
in the meantime 与此同时
measurement
n,衡量,测量
mechanic
n,技工,机修师
mechanical
adj,机械的;机械学的,力学的;机械似的,呆板的;手工操作的
mechanics
n,技术性细节,例行方法;力学,机械学
medium
n.(pl.)media,mediums 媒介,传导体;中间,适中
adj,中等的,适中的
melt
v.(使)融化,(使)熔化
Lead can be melted easily,铅很容易熔化。
memorial
adj,纪念的,追悼的
n,纪念堂,纪念碑,纪念仪式
mental
adj,智力的,脑力的;精神上的
mention
vt,提及,说到
He mentioned to me that he had seen you,他向我提到曾经见过我。
n,提及,说到
menu
n,菜单
merchant
n,商人
[同]dealer
mercury
n,水银,汞
mercy
n,慈悲,仁慈,宽容
[同]pity
[难点]
show mercy to 对…怜悯
have mercy on 怜悯…
at the mercy of 听任…的摆布
mere
adj,仅仅,只不过的
[同]bare
adj,纯粹的
[同]utter
merely
adv,仅仅,只不过
merit
n,优点,价值;应受奖赏的事物
merry
adj,欢乐的,愉快的
[同]jolly
meter
n,计,仪表
method
n,方法,办法
metric
adj,公制的,米制的
microphone
n,扩音器,话筒
microscope
n,显微镜
midnight
n,午夜第四十六天[2003.03.31.]
might
n,力量,威力
mild
adj,和缓的,温和的,温暖的;柔和的
military
adj,军事的,军用的
[同]martial
mill
n,磨坊,碾磨机;制造厂,工厂
millimeter
n,毫米
mineral
n,矿物,矿石
adj,矿物(质)的
minimum
n,(pl.)minima / minimums最少量,最低限量
adj,最低的,最小的
ministry
n.(政府的)部
minor
adj,较小的,较少的;较次要的
[反]major
minority
n,少数,少数派;少数民族
minus
adj,负的,减去的
[反]plus
prep,减(去)
minute
adj,微小的,微细的
miracle
n,奇迹,令人惊奇的人(或)事
miserable
adj,痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜的
[同]wretched
mislead
vt,把…带错路
The travelers were misled by the guide,旅游者被向导带错了路。
vt,把…带坏;使误解
missile
n,发射物,投掷物;导弹
missing
adj,缺掉的,失踪的
mission
n,使命,任务;代表团,使团
mist
n,薄雾
misunderstand
vt.误会,误解
His intentions were misunderstood,他的意向被误会了。
mixture
n,混合;混合物
mobile
adj,运动的,活动的;流动的,机动的
mode
n,方式,样式
[难点]
out of mode 不流行,过时
moderate
adj,温和的,稳健的;有节制的
modest
adj,谦虚的,谦恭的;适中的,不过分的
modify
vt,修饰;修改,改变
He was forced to modify the terms of the contract,他不得不修改了合同条款。
moist
adj,湿润的,潮湿的
[同]damp
moisture
n,潮湿,湿气
[同]wetness
molecule
n,分子(化学)
monitor
n,班长;监测器,监视器
vt,监听,监测
Our radar station is monitoring enemy planes,我们的雷达站正在监视着敌人的飞机。
第四十七天[2003.04.01.]
monthly
adj,每月的,每月一次的
adv,每月,每月一次
n,月刊
monument
n,纪念碑
mood
n,心情,情绪;语气
[难点]
be in the mood to do sth,有心情做某事
be in no mood to do sth,没有心情做某事
moral
adj,道德(上)的,有道德的
[同]virtuous,ethical
n,寓言,教训
moreover
adv,而且,此外
Society now requires the university to be a part of the community.Moreover,students themselves expect to play a role in the affairs of society,
现今社会需要大学成为它的一部分。而且,学生自身也希望发挥他们在社会事物中的作用。
[同]furthermore
mosquito
n,蚊子
mostly
adv,主要地,几乎全部地
[同]chiefly
motion
n,运动;手势,动作;提议,动议
[同]proposal,suggestion
v,向…打手势示意
He motioned me in,他示意我进去。
[难点]
in motion 在运动着
motion sb,to do sth,打手势示意某人做….
motivate
vt,作为…的动机
Every thing she does is motivated only by a desire for money.
她做一切事情的动机都是为了钱。
vt,激励
motive
n,动机,目的
[同]cause,purpose
mold
n,模子,铸型
vt,用模子做,浇铸
mold person’s character 塑造一个人的性格
mount
vt,登上,爬上;安装
mount a camera on a tripod 把照相机装在三脚架上
[同]fix
n,山,峰
mouse
n,鼠,耗子
movie
n,电影
mud
n,泥,泥浆
multiple
adj,复合的,多样的,多重的
n,倍数
multiply
vt,使增加
Efficiency would be multiplied several times,效率将提高好几倍。
vt,乘,使相乘
[难点]
multiply 5 by 3 以3乘5
multiply 5 and 3 把5和3相乘
muscle
n,肌肉;力量,体力
musical
adj,音乐的,悦耳的;爱好音乐的
musician
n,音乐家,乐师
mutual
adj,相互的,彼此的
[同]reciprocal
adj,共同的,共有的
mysterious
adj,神秘的,难以理解的
mystery
n,神秘;神秘的事物
naked
adj,赤裸的;无遮蔽的,无掩饰的
the naked truth 原原本本的事实
namely
adv,即,也就是
Only one person is absent,namely John,只有一个人缺席,就是约翰
nationality
n,国籍,民族
naturally
adv,自然地,当然地;天然地,天生地
naval
adj,海军的
navigation
n,航空,航海;航行术,航海术;导航
navy
n,海军第四十八天[2003.04.02.]
nearby
adj,附近的
a village nearby 附近的村庄
adv,在附近
The plane landed nearby,飞机在附近着陆。
neat
adj,整洁的,整齐的
[同]tidy
adj,简洁的,雅致的
necessarily
adv,必定,必然地
[同]unavoidably
adv,当然
necessity
n,必要性,需要
in case of necessity 在必要时
n.(用复数)必需品
the necessities of life 生活必需品
[难点]
be under the necessity of 不得已而…
bow to necessity 作不得已的事
needle
n,针,针状物
negative
adj,否定的;反面的,消极的
[反]positive
adj,负的,阴性的
n,负片,底片;复数
neglect
vt,忽视,忽略
Agriculture was awfully neglected in the past,过去农业遭到严重忽视。
[同]ignore,overlook
vt,疏忽
neglect one’s duties 玩忽职守
n,忽视,疏忽
Negro
n,(Negroes) 黑人
neighborhood
n,地段,四邻;邻近地区,附近
in the neighborhood of 在…附近
nephew
n,侄子,外甥
nerve
n,神经
get on sb’s nerves 使某人心烦
n,勇气,胆量
[同]guts
nervous
adj,神经系统的;神经紧张的
[难点]
be / feel nervous about / at … 因某事而紧张不安
be nervous of 害怕…
nest
n,巢,窝
network
n,网状物;网络,网络系统;广播网,电视网
neutral
adj,中立的
neutral national 中立国
adj,中性的
nevertheless
adv,仍然,不过
[同]however
niece
n,侄女,甥女
nitrogen
n,氮
nonsense
n,废话,胡说
noon
n,中午
at high noon 在正午时
normal
adj,正常的;正规的,标准的
normally
adv,通常,正常地
northeast
adj,东北的,东北部的
n,东北方,东北部
adv,向东北
northwest
adj,西北的,西北部的
n,西北方,西北部
adv,向西北
notebook
n,笔记簿
noticeable
adj,显而易见的,显著的
[同]remarkable
noun
n,名词
novel
n.(长篇)小说
adj,新颖的,新奇的
[同]fresh
nowadays
adv,现今,现在
nowhere
adv,无处;任何地方都不
nowhere to be found
任何地方都找不着第四十九天[2003.04.03.]
nuclear
adj,核心的,中心的
the nuclear part of a city 城市的中心部分
adj,核子的,核能的
nuclear energy 原子能
nucleus
n,核,原子核;核心,中心
nuisance
n,讨厌的人或事
[同]annoyance
numerous
adj,众多的,许多的
nursery
n,托儿所;苗圃
nylon
n,尼龙
objection
n,反对,异议
[难点]
have an objection to 反对….
take objection to 反对…
objective
n,目标,目的
adj,客观的
[反]subjective
[难点]
be objective about 对…很客观
oblige
vt,迫使
They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.
他们被迫出卖他们的房子来还债。
[同]force,impel
vt,使感激
We are much obliged to you for your help,非常感激你给我们的帮助。
vt,施恩于,帮…的忙
Please oblige me by closing the door,请替我关上门。
[难点]
oblige sb,to do 迫使某人做…
be obliged to sb,感激某人
oblige sb,给某人帮忙
observation
n,观察,注意;观察资料,观察报告;评论,意见;观察力
observe
vt,观察,注意;遵守,奉行
observe the school discipline 遵守学校纪律
vt,评述,说
He observed that we should probably have rain,他说也许会下雨。
[难点]
observe sb,do 看到某人做…
observe + 节日 过…节
observe (to do) that … 对某人说….
observer
n,观察员,观察者
obstacle
n,障碍,妨碍
[反]support
obtain
vt,获得,得到
Where can I obtain the reference book? 我在什么地方可以得到这本参考书?
obvious
adj,显然的,明显的
[同]apparent
occasion
n,场合,时刻;时机,机会;重大活动,省会
[难点]
on occasion 间或地,必要时
on the occasion of 值…之际
occasional
adj,间或发生的,偶尔的
occupation
n,占领,占据
[同]settlement
n,工作,职业
occupy
vt,占用,占领;使忙碌,使从事
She is occupied in translating a French novel,他正忙于翻译一部法文小说。
[难点]
be occupied with / in 忙于(某事)
occur
vi,发生,出现
Don’t let this occur again,不要让这种事再发生。
vi,被想起,被想到
An idea has occurred to me,我想到了一个主意。
[难点]
occur to 想到,想起
It occurs to sb,that,… 某人想起了…
occurrence
n,发生,出现
odd
adj,古怪的,奇怪的;临时的,不固定的
do odd jobs 做零工
adj,单只的,不成对的
an odd glove 单只手套
adj,挂零的,剩余的
thirty odd years 30多年
offend
vt,冒犯,得罪
I’m sorry if I’v offended you,如有冒犯之处,请原谅。
vt,使不舒服
[同]displease
[难点]
offend against … 违反…
be offended with sb,for 因…而生某人的气
be offended at/by 因…而生气
omit
vt,省略,删节
omit an item from a list 从目录中删去一项
[同]leave out
vt,遗漏,疏忽
Don’t omit locking the door,别忘了锁门。
onion
n.洋葱
onto
prep,到…上,在…上
opening
adj,开始的,开头的
n,开始,开端;口子,孔穴;空缺,机会
opera
n,歌剧
Beijing opera 京剧
operate
vi,活动,运动
operate in deep water 在深水操作
[同]function
vi,动手术
operate on a patient 给病人动手术
vt,操作,操纵
[难点]
operate on 给…做手术
operational
adj,运转的,即可使用的;操作上的第五十天[2003.04.04.]
operator
n,操作员;话务员,报务员
opponent
n,对手,敌手
[同]rival,enemy
n,反对者
[同]opposer
opportunity
n,机会,时机
I take this opportunity of thanking you,我借此机会感激你们。
oppose
vt,反对,反抗
oppose violence with violence 用暴力对付暴力
[反]support
[难点]
oppose sth,反对/反抗某事
be opposed to sth,反对某事(=be against)
opposite
adj,对面的;对立的,相反的
[同]contrary
n,对立面,对立物
prep,在…对面
adv,在对面
[难点]
be opposite to 与…相反
His tastes are completely opposite to hers,他的爱好与她的爱好完全相反。
optical
adj,光学的;眼的,视觉的
an optical illusion 光幻觉,错觉
optimistic
adj,乐观的,乐观主义的
[反] pessimistic
optional
adj,可任意选择的,非强制的
optional subjects at school 学校的选修课
oral
adj,口头的
an oral examination 口试
orbit
n,轨道(天文)
v,绕…的轨道运行
The satellite is orbiting the earth,卫星正环绕地球运行。
[同]circle
orchestra
n,管弦乐队
symphony orchestra 交响乐团
orderly
adj,整齐的,有秩序的
an orderly man 有条理的人
[同]neat
ore
n,矿,矿石
organ
n,器官;风琴;机构
organic
adj,器官的;有机的
organic evolution 生物进化
organism
n,生物体,有机体
organization
n,组织;团体,机构
organize
vt,组织,创办
organize an army 编组军队
organize oneself 使自己心里有准备
[同]establish,constitute
origin
n,起源,来源
the origin of civilization 文明的起源
[同]source
n,出身
a man of humble origin 出身寒微的人
[难点]
by origin 论出身
original
adj,最初的,原来的
an original plan 原计划
[同]primary
adj,有独创性的,新颖的
an original mind 独具卓见的人
ounce
n,盎司
outcome
n,结果
[同]result
outdoors
adv,在户外,在野外
[同]in the open air
outer
adj,外面的,外部的
outer space 宇宙空间
outlet
n,出口,出路;(感情、精力等)发泄途径(或方法)
outline
n,提纲,概要;轮廓,略图
vt,概述
The professor outlined Napoleon’s Russian campaign,教授概述了拿破仑的征俄战役。
outlook
n,景色,风光;观点,见解
a man with a narrow outlook on life 人生观狭窄的人
n,展望,前景
[同]prospect
output
n,产量
[同]yield
n,输出
[反]input
outset
n,开始,开端
at the outset 在开始时
[同]start
outstanding
adj,突出的,显著的,杰出的
[同]remarkable
第五十一天[2003.04.05.]
outwards
adj,向外的,外面的
adv,向外,在外
oven
n,炉,烤箱
overall
adj,全部的,全面的
overall consideration 全盘考虑
n.(复数)工装裤,工作服
overcome
vt,战胜,克服
overcome a bad habit 克服一种恶习
[同]conquer
overhead
adj,在头顶上的,上面的
adv,在头顶上
the people in the room overhead 在上面房间的人
overlook
vt,眺望,俯瞰
From my study window I overlook the bay and the bridge,
从我书房的窗口,我可以俯瞰海湾和大桥。
vt,看漏,忽略
[同]neglect
vt,宽容,不计较
I’ll overlook it this time,but don’t do it again,这次我就不计较了,但下不为例。
[同]forgive
overnight
adv,在前一夜
get everything ready for the journey overnight 在旅行前一夜把一切准备好
adv,一夜(间),突然
Our success is not won overnight,我们的成功不是一下子得来的。
oversea
adv,在海外
go oversea 出国
adj,海外的,国外的
oversea trade 对外贸易
overtake
vt,赶上,超过
overtake a car 超车
vt,突然降临于
be overtaken by a storm 突然受到暴风雨的袭击
[难点]
be overtaken by/with 碰上…
owe
vt,欠(债等)
He owes $50 to his father,他欠他父亲50美金。
vt,应该把…归功于
He owes his success to good luck more than to ability.
他的成功多半靠运气,较少靠能力。
vt,应感激
I owe it to you that I am still alive,我感激你的救命之恩。
[难点]
owe sb,sth,欠某人某物
owe sth,to sb,欠某人某物
owe for sth,欠某物
owe sth,to sth,应该把…归功于
owing to
prep,由于
Owing to the rain the match was cancelled,因为下雨,比赛取消了。
ownership
n,所有权,所有制
collective ownership 集体所有制
ox
n,牛
oxygen
n,氧,氧气
pace
n,步子,步;步速;节奏
v,踱步
pace a room 在房间里踱来踱去
[难点]
keep a pace with 跟上
set the pace for 给…定速度
pacific
adj,和平的
[同]peaceful
n.(the Pacific)太平洋
pack
n,小包,小盒
a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
[同]packet
n,包裹;(纸牌的)一副
v,打包,收拾(行李)
This case is full,I can’t pack any more clothes in,这箱子已经装满,我塞不进更多的衣服了。
v,挤满,塞满
The audience packed the hall,听众挤满了大厅。
[同]fill
package
n,包裹;包装;详细的计划
packet
n,小包,小盒
pad
n,垫,衬垫;便笺本
vt,加垫子于,填塞
painful
adj,疼痛的,痛苦的;费力的,棘手的
paint
n,油漆,颜料
v,绘画
The picture was painted after an original,这幅画是临摹的。
v,描述,描绘
[同]describe
v,涂,涂漆
painter
n,画家;油漆工
painting
n,绘画,绘画业;(一副)画;油漆,油漆业
palm
n,手掌;棕榈
pan
n,平底锅;盘子
panel
n,面,板;控制板,仪表盘;专门问题小组,陪审团
parade
n,游行;检阅
v,列队行进,游行
[难点]
be on parade 在游行
paragraph
n.(文章的)段,节
parallel
adj,平行的;相似的;(电路上)并联的
n,平行线;纬线;相似之处
[难点]
be parallel to/with 与…平行
be parallel to = be comparable to 与…可比第五十二天[2003.04.06.]
parcel
n,邮包;包裹;小包
vt,打包,捆扎
We parceled up some toys to take to the Children’s Home.
我们把一些玩具捆扎起来送给儿童之家去。
[同]pack
parliament
n,国会,议会
partial
adj,部分的,不完全的
[同]incomplete
adj,不公平的,偏袒的
[反]impartial
[难点]
be partial to 对…有偏心,偏爱(某物)
participate
vi,参与,参加
He actively participates in the mass sports activities.
他积极参加群众性体育活动。
vi,分享,分担
His wife participated with him in his sufferings,他妻子与他共患难。
[难点]
participate in 参加
[同]take part in
particle
n,粒子,微粒
[同]atom
n,极少量;质点
particular
adj,特别的,特殊的;特定的;苛求的,挑剔的
n.(复数)细节,详情
[同]detail
[难点]
be particular about 对…挑剔
in particular 特别,尤其,详细
partly
adv,部分地,不完全地
[同]incompletely
adv,在某种程度上
[同]to some degree
partner
n,伙伴,合作者;舞伴,搭档
passion
n,热情,激情;激怒;爱好
[难点]
have a passion for sth,酷爱某物
have a passion to do sth,热切希望做某事
fly into a passion 勃然大怒
passive
adj,被动的,消极的
[反]active
passport
n,护照
paste
n,浆糊,糊状物
vt,粘贴
paste up a window 用纸糊窗户
pat
n,轻轻拍打
v.轻拍,轻打
He patted me with a sudden,他突然拍了我一下。
[难点]
pat sb,on the back 对某人表示赞许或鼓励
patch
n,补丁;小块田地
vt,缝补,修补
Mother is patching up an old coat,妈妈正在缝补一件旧上衣。
[难点]
a patch of 一小块
patience
n,耐心,忍耐
[同]patientness
[难点]
keep patience 保持耐心
lose patience with … 对…发脾气
pattern
n,式样,模式;图案;榜样
pause
vi,中止,暂停
He paused for a moment,他停顿了一会儿。
n,暂停
paw
n,爪子
payment
n,支付;报应,惩罚;付出款额
[难点]
payment by instalment 分期付款
payment in advance 预付
payment on terms 定期付款
pea
n,豌豆
peaceful
adj,和平的
[同]pacific
adj,平静的;爱好和平的
peach
n,桃子;桃树
peak
n,顶点,山峰
[同]mount
n,最高点
adj,最大值的,高峰的
pear
n,梨;梨树
peculiar
adj,特殊的,独特的
[同]characteristic
adj,奇怪的,古怪的
[同]strange
penetrate
v,穿透,渗入
The rocket penetrated the enemy’s tank,火箭击穿了敌人的坦克。
[同]thrust
v,看穿,识破
We soon penetrated his disguise,我们很快识破了他的伪装。
[同]see through
per
prep,每,每一;经,由
perceive
vt,觉察
He now perceived his error,他现在觉察出了他的错误。
[同]note
vt,理解,领悟
She gradually perceived that her parents had been right.
她逐渐领悟到她父母是对的。
[同]understand
percentage
n,百分比,百分率
perform
vt,履行,执行
He performed his duties perfectly,他很好地履行了他的职责。
[同]execute
vt,表演,演出
What play will be performed tonight? 今晚演什么戏?
第五十三天[2003.04.07.]
performance
n,表演,演出;执行,履行;成绩;(机器的)性能
permanent
adj,永久的
[同]lasting
adj,耐用的
permission
n,允许,许可,同意
persist
vi,坚持,执意
He persisted in denying his knowledge of it,他坚持说他不知道此事。
[同]persevere
vi,持续下去
[同]continue
[难点]
persist in (doing) sth,坚持做某事
personal
adj,个人的,私人的
[同]private
adj,本人的,亲自的;有关私人的
personnel
n,全体人员;(人事)部门
perspective
n,前景,前途
[同]prospect
n,洞察力;透视图;观点,看法
persuade
vt,说服
I have persuaded him to do it,我已经说服他去做那件事。
[同]induce
vt,使相信
I persuaded him of the truth,我使他相信那是真的。
[同]convince
[难点]
persuade sb,to do sth,= persuade sb,into doing sth,说服某人做某事
persuade sb,of sth,使某人相信某事
pessimistic
adj,悲观的,悲观主义的
[反]optimistic
pet
n,宠物
adj,宠爱的
petrol
n,汽油
[同]gasoline
petroleum
n,石油
phase
n,阶段
[同]stage
n,方面;(指月)相位
[难点]
in phase 同时协调的
phenomenon
n,(pl.)phenomena 现象
philosopher
n,哲学家,哲人
philosophy
n,哲学;原理,原则,人生观
phrase
n,短语,词组,用语
physical
adj,物质的,有形的
[同]material
adj,身体的,肉体的;物理的,物理学的
[难点]
physical education 体育
physical exercise 体育锻炼
physical labour 体力劳动
physician
n,内科医生
physicist
n,物理学家
pick
n,镐
v,选择
I picked a book to read,
我选了一本书读。
v,采;摘
We picked apples (from the tree),
我们(从树上)摘苹果。
v,挖、掘;窃取
pick a pocket
v,扒窃;撬(锁)
picnic
n,野餐;郊游
vi.(去)野餐
pie
n,馅饼
fruit pies 水果馅饼
pierce
v,刺穿,刺破
A ray of light pierced the darkness,一道亮光刺破黑暗。
v,突入,突破
pierce through the enemy’s lines 突破敌人的防线
[难点]
pierce into 刺穿
pierce through 突破
pigeon
n,鸽子
pill
n,药丸
pillar
n,柱,支柱
[同]column
pillow
n,枕头
pillowcase 枕套
pilot
n,飞行员;引航员
vt,驾驶(飞机等);为(船舶)引航;带领,引导
adj,引导的,导向的;实验性的,试点的
pin
n,大头针,别针;钉,销,栓;针饰,徽章
vt,钉住,别住
Please pin the papers together,请把这些文件别在一起。
第五十四天[2003.04.08.]
pinch
v,捏,掐
The shoe pinches me,我的鞋子挤脚。
n,拧,掐;(一)撮,微量
[难点]
a pinch of 一撮
at a pinch 必要时
pine
n,松树,松木
pink
n,粉红色
adj,粉红色的
pint
n,品脱(液量、容积单位)
pipe
n,管子,导管
gas-pipes 煤气管
water-pipes 水管
n,烟斗
vt,用管道输送
pipe water into a house 用管道将水送进屋里
pit
n,坑,陷阱;窖;矿井
an open pit 露天矿
[难点]
dig a pit for sb,给某人设圈套
pitch
n,投掷;沥青
vt,投掷,扔
pitch a spear 掷标枪
vt,用沥青覆盖
planet
n,行星
plantation
n,种植园,大农场;栽植
plastic
n.(复数)塑料,塑料制品
Plastics don’t rust,塑料不会生锈。
adj,塑料的;可塑性的
platform
n,台,平台;站台,月台;讲台
plentiful
adj,丰富的,富裕的
[同]abundant
plot
n,一小块地;情节;阴谋
v,绘制
plot a ship’s course on a chart 把一艘船的航线绘在航海图上
v,密谋,策划
They are plotting to kill him,他们正密谋杀害他。
v,划分
plug
n,插头;消防栓;塞
vt,堵,塞
The worker plugged the hole in the gas pipe,工人堵住了煤气管的漏洞。
plunge
vi,纵身跳入
He plunged into a swimming pool,他跳进了游泳池。
vi,猛冲
vt,使投入,使插入
He plunged his hand into hot water,他将手插入热水中。
vt,使陷入,使遭受
plural
adj,复数的
n,复数
plus
prep,加,加上
n,加号,正号;正数(数学)
adj,正的
[反]minus
poem
n,诗
poet
n,诗人
poetry
n,诗,诗歌
poison
n,毒药,毒物
vt,毒害,使中毒
We will poison mice,我们将毒杀老鼠。
poisonous
adj,有毒的,有害的
poisonous plants 有毒植物
policy
n,政策,方针
polish
vi,擦亮,磨光
Polish your shoes with a brush 用刷子擦擦你的鞋。
Silver polishes easily,银器容易擦亮。
vi,使优雅
n,擦光剂
shoe polish 鞋油
n,光泽,光滑
politician
n,政治家,政客
[同]statesman
pollute
vt,污染,弄脏
Chemical wastes pollute the rivers,化学废物污染河流。
pollution
n,污染
air pollution 空气污染
environmental pollution 环境污染
pond
n,池塘
pop
adj,流行的,通俗的
n,砰的一声;流行音乐
v,突然出现,发生
He popped his head in at the door,他突然将头伸进门来。
popular
adj,流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的
He is popular with girls,他很讨姑娘们的喜欢。
adj,有名的第五十五天[2003.04.09.]
pork
n,猪肉
port
n,港口
portable
adj,轻便的;手提式的,便携的
[同]carriageable
porter
n,搬运工人;看门人
portion
n,一部分,一份
[同]share
portrait
n,肖像,画像;(生动的)描绘
[同]description
positive
adj,明确的
[同]definite
adj,积极的,肯定的
possess
vt,拥有,占有(财产等)
possess landed property 拥有地产
vt,具有(品质、才能等)
possess good qualities 具有优良的品质
[难点]
be possessed of 有,拥有
be possessed 发疯,着魔
possession
n.(复数)所有物,占有物
[同]belonging
n,所有,拥有
[同]ownership
[难点]
come into possession of… 获得…
in possession of 拥有,占有
in the possession of 在…手中
get possession of… 拿到…,占有…
possibility
n,可能,可能性
[同]position
n,杆,柱
vt,贴出
Post no bills,不许张贴。
vt,公告,告示
postage
n,邮费,邮资
postman
n,邮递员
postpone
vt,推迟,使延期
The students will postpone the outing until next week when they won’t be so busy.
学生们打算将郊游推迟到下周他们不那么忙的时候。
[同]put off
[难点]
postpone doing sth,推迟做某事
potential
adj,潜在的,可能的
n,潜力,潜能
pound
v,猛击,敲打
Who is pounding on the piano? 谁在乱弹钢琴?
v,捣碎
The big waves pounded the wrecked ship to pieces,巨浪将失事船只击碎。
poverty
n,贫穷,贫困
live in poverty 过着贫苦的生活
powder
n,粉末,药粉;火药,炸药
practically
adv,实际上
[同]virtually
adv,几乎,简直
pray
v,祈祷
He prayed God for help,他祈祷上帝帮助。
v,恳求
I pray you to think again,我恳求你再想一想。
[难点]
pray for 为…祈祷
pray sb,to do sth,恳求某人做某事
precaution
n,预防,警惕
[同]caution
[难点]
take precautions against sth,预防某事
preceding
adj,在前的,前面的
[同]previous
precious
adj,宝贵的,珍贵的
[同]invaluable
precise
adj,精确的,准确的
[同]accurate
precision
n,精确
[同]accuracy
n,精密,精度
predict
v,预测,预言,预告
The weather bureau predicts rain for tomorrow,气象局预测明天下雨。
[同]foretell
preface
n,序言,前言,引语
[同]foreword
prefer
vt,宁愿,宁可,更喜欢
I should prefer you not to stay there long,我倒希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。
[难点]
prefer to do sth,宁愿做某事
prefer doing to doing 喜欢做…胜过做…
prefer sb,to do 宁愿某人做….
prefer to do … rather than do … 宁愿…也不….
preferable
adj,更可取的,更好的
[难点]
be preferable to 比…更好
preference
n,偏爱,优先选择;偏爱物;优先权,优惠
[难点]
have / show a preference for 偏爱…
in preference to 而不要…,优先于…
第五十六天[2003.04.10.]
prejudice
n,偏见,成见;损害;歧视
[难点]
have a prejudice against sth,对某事抱有成见
preliminary
adj,预备的;初步的;开端的
preparation
n,准备,预备;(复数)准备的事;配置的药剂(食物等)
[难点]
make preparations for 为…做准备
in preparation 准备,准备中
preposition
n,介词
prescribe
vt.(医生)开(处方)
The doctor prescribed radiotherapy for him,医生要他做放射治疗。
vt,指示,规定
Good citizens do what laws prescribe,好的公民遵守法律。
[同]direct
presence
n,出席,在场
[同]attendance
n,在,存在
[难点]
in the presence of 当着…的面,在…场合下
He was calm in the presence of danger,危险面前他镇定自若。
present
vt,赠送,给予
He presented me with a gold watch,他送给我一块金表。
vt,提出,呈递
He presented reasons for his action,他提出他的行动理由。
vt,介绍,引见
n,礼物,赠品
[同]gift
[难点]
make sb,a present of sth,把某物赠送某人
present sth,to sb,= present sb,with sth,把…赠(交)给某人
presently
adv,一会儿,不久;现在,目前
preserve
vt,保护,维护
Salt preserves vegetables from decay,盐能防止蔬菜腐烂。
[同]maintain
vt,保存,保藏
Ice helps to preserve food,冰有助于保藏食物。
[同]conserve
vt,腌渍
pressure
n,压力;压迫;强制
[难点]
be / come under pressure 受到压力,在压力之下
at high pressure 拼命地
prevail
vi,胜过,占优势
Truth will ultimately prevail,真理始终胜利。
vi,流行,盛行
[难点]
prevail on/upon sb,to do sth,= prevail sb,to do sth,说服某人做某事
previous
adj,先的,以前的
a previous question 早先的问题
[同]preceding
adj,在…之前
[难点]
previous to 在…之前
primarily
adv,首先,起初;主要地,根本上
primary
adj,初级的,初步的
a primary unit 基层单位
a primary school 小学
[同]fundamental
adj,主要的,首要的
a matter of primary importance 头等重要的事情
[同]chief
prime
adj,首要的,主要的
life’s prime want 生活的基本需要
prime cost 主要成本
[同]primary
adj,最好的,第一流的
n,最佳状态,全盛时期
in the prime of life 在壮年时期
primitive
adj,原始的
primitive accumulation 原始积累
primitive customs 古老风俗
adj,简单的,粗糙的
prince
n,王子,亲王
princess
n,公主,王妃
principal
adj,主要的,首要的
the principal points 要点
n,负责人,校长;资本,本金
principle
n,原则,原理
act on one’s own principles 按自己的原则办事
n,主义,信念
[难点]
in principle 原则上,大体上
on principle 根据原则
on the principle of 按照…的原则
prior
adj,在前的,优先的
[难点]
prior to 在…之前
private
adj,私人的,个人的
[反]public
adj,秘密的,私下的
[同]confidential
adj,私立的
privilege
n,特权,优惠
vt,给予…特权
privilege legislators from arrest 给予立法人员免于被捕的特权
[难点]
privilege sb,from sth,特免去某人的某事
enjoy privilege 享受特权
probability
n,可能性;概率(数学)
[难点]
in all probability 很可能,十之九八
probable
adj,很可能的,大概的;有希望的
procedure
n,程序,手续,过程,步骤
[同]process
proceed
vi,继续(做某事)
Let’s proceed with what we were doing,我们接着刚才的往下干。
vi,开始,着手
proceed from objective realities 从客观实际出发
process
n,过程,进程;工序,制作法;工艺
vt,加工,处理
The grocery stores sell many foods that have been processed.
这些食品杂货店出售许多加工过的食品。
[难点]
in (the)process of… 在…的过程中,在…期间
in process 进行中
procession
n,行列,队伍
product
n,产品,产物
farm products 农产品
n,乘积(数学)
第五十七天[2003.04.11.]
profession
n,职业
[同]occupation
professional
adj,职业的,专业的
n,以某种职业为生的人,专业人员
[反]amateur
profit
n,赢利,利润;益处,得益
v.(使)得利,获益
We hope our criticism will profit you,我们希望我们的批评对你有益。
[难点]
make profits 获利
profit sb,有益于某人
profit by/from 受益于…
program
n,计划,大纲;程序;节目,节目单
vt,为…编制程序
progressive
adj,进步的,先进的;前进的
prohibit
vt,禁止,阻止,不准
Smoking strictly prohibited,严禁吸烟。
[同]forbid
[难点]
prohibit sb,from doing sth,禁止某人做某事
Children are prohibited from riding bicycles on the street.
禁止儿童们在街上骑车。
project
n,计划,方案;工程;项目
vt,设计,规划
project a new canal 设计一条新运河
vt,投掷,发射;放映,投射
vi,伸出,突出
prominent
adj,显著的,杰出的
[同]outstanding
adj,突起的,凸出的
promote
vt,促进,增长,助长
promote growth 促进生长
vt,提升,提拔
prompt
adj,敏捷的,迅速的
vt,促使,激励
What prompted you to do such a thing? 什么促使你做出这样的事来?
pronoun
n,代词
proof
n,证据,证明
[同]evidence
n,校样,样张
property
n,财产,资产;性质,特性;房地产
proportion
n,比例,比重;部分;(复数)均衡,相称
[难点]
in proportion to 与…成比例
out of proportion 不成比例
proportional
adj,比例的,成比例的;相称的,均衡的
proposal
n,提议,建议
a proposal for peace 和平建议
[同]suggestion
n,求婚
propose
vt,提议,建议
We proposed that the house be repaired,我们建议对房屋进行修理。
vt,提名,推荐;打算
[同]intend
vi,求婚
[难点]
propose doing 建议做…
propose to do 打算做…
propose to sb,向某人求婚
prospect
n,展望,前景,期望;景色,景象
prosperity
n,繁荣,昌盛,兴旺
prosperous
adj,繁荣的,昌盛的,兴旺的
protection
n,保护,防护,警戒
[反]attack
n,保护者,保护物
protective
adj,保护的,防护的
protein
n,蛋白质
protest
v,抗议,反对
protest against a decision 反对一项决策
n,抗议,反对
[同]objection
[难点]
make a protest against sth,对某事提出抗议
provided
conj,只要,假如,倘若
province
n,省;领域,知识范畴
provision
n,准备,预备;提供,供应;(复数)给养,食物;规定,条款
psychological
adj,心理上的,心理学的
a psychological factor 心理上的因素
publication
n,出版,发行;出版物;发表,公布
publish
v,公布,发表;出版,发行第五十八天[2004.04.12.]
pulse
n,脉搏
feel one’s pulse 给某人诊脉
n,脉冲(物理)
pump
n,泵,抽水机,打气筒
vt,用泵抽水
pump a well dry 把井水抽干
vt,打气
punch
n,冲压机,冲床,打孔机;猛击
vt,冲孔,打孔
punch a bus ticket 用剪票夹在公共汽车票上打孔
vt,用拳猛击
punctual
adj,守时的,准时的
be punctual for class 准时去上课
adj,精确的,正确的
purchase
vt,买,购买,购置
He purchased a secondhand car,他买了一辆二手车
n,购买;购买的物品
purple
adj,紫色的
become purple with rage 气得脸色发紫
n,紫色
purpose
n,目的,意图
live to some purpose 活着有意义
[同]intention
n,效果,效用;决心,意志
vt,打算,企图
We purpose making (to make) another trial,我们打算再试一下。
[难点]
on purpose 故意地;为了
to the purpose 中肯的,得要领的
purse
n,钱包
pursue
vt,追赶,追踪
pursue a robber 追捕强盗
vt,追求,从事
This is a policy we have pursued consistently,这是我们一贯奉行的政策。
vt,继续做
puzzle
n,难题;谜,测试智力的问题;(单数)迷惑
be in a puzzle about sth,对某事迷惑不解
v.(使)迷惑,(便)为难
The question puzzled me,这个问题把我难住了。
[同]bewilder
qualify
v.(使)具有资格,(使)胜任,(使)合适
He’s not qualified for this post,他没有资格担任这项工作。
[同]entitle
v,限制,修饰
[同]limit
[难点]
qualify sb,for sth,使某人有资格做某事
qualify sb,to do sth,使某人有资格做某事
qualify sb,as sth,使某人具有某种资格
quality
n,质量,品质;性质,特性
[难点]
sth,of good / poor quality 质量好/坏的东西
quantity
n,数量,量
[难点]
in quantity 大量
queue
n,行列,长队
form a queue stand / in a queue 排队
[同]line,file
vi,排长队
[难点]
jump the queue 插队
queue up for sth,排队等候
quit
v,停止,离开,离去;放弃,辞职
[难点]
quit sth,/ doing sth,停止做某事
quit to do sth,辞职去做某事
quotation
n,引文,引语;报价
quote
vt,引用,援引
quote a verse from the Bible 引用圣经中的一节
vt,报(价)
[难点]
quote stb,from sth,从某处引用某物
rabbit
n,兔子
vi,猎兔
go rabbitting 去猎兔
race
n,人种,种族;种类
racial
adj,人种的,种族的
rack
n,搁架,挂架,行李架
a tool rack 工具架
v,使痛苦,折磨
a racking headache 剧烈的头痛
[同]afflict
[难点]
on the rack 受(身心的)极端痛苦
rack one’s brains for sth,为…绞尽脑汁
radar
n,雷达
radiation
n,辐射;放射物,辐射能
radioactive
adj,放射性的
radius
n.(pl.)radii半径
rag
n,破布;(复数)破烂衣服
[难点]
in rags 衣衫褴褛
rail
n,栏杆,围杆;铁轨;(复数)铁路
[难点]
off the rails 火车出轨;失灵,失去控制,疯狂的
by rail 乘火车
rainbow
n,虹,彩虹
rainy
adj,下雨的,多雨的
range
n,幅度,范围,距离
[同]scope
n,一系列;山脉
a mountain range 山脉
vi,变动,变化;论及,涉及
vt,把…排列成行
range books on a shelf 把书排列在书架上
[难点]
range from sth,to sth,从…到…变化
range over 范围涉及到
range through 漫游
in / within / out of / beyond range 在射程之内(外)
第五十九天[2003.04.13.]
rank
n,排,横列;军衔;等级,社会阶层
vt,把…分等级,给…评定等级
He is ranked among the world’s great statesmen,他被列为世界上伟大政治家之一。
[同]classify,rate
vi,列入
[难点]
pull rank on… 利用职权压制…
rank among 属于…之列
rank … as 把…看作
rare
adj,稀罕的,少有的
[同]uncommon,unusual
adj,稀薄的,稀疏的
[同]thin
[反]dense
rarely
adv,很少,难得
[同]seldom
adv,非常,极
[同]extremely
rat
n,鼠
rate
n,比率,率;速度;等级
of the first rate 第一流的
n,价格,费
[同]charge,cost
vt,估价,评价
What do you rate his fortune at? 你估计他的财产有多少?
[同]estimate,evaluate
vt,列为
[同]
at any rate 无论如何 = in any case
at this / that rate 照此(那样)下去,照此速度
rate sth,at 估价
rate sb,as 对某人定等级
ratio
n,比,比率
rational
adj,合理的
rational explanation 合理的解释
[同]reasonable
adj,理性的
[反]irrational
raw
adj,生的,未煮过的
[同]uncooked
adj,天然的,未加工的
[同]unrefined,crude
adj,不熟练的,未经训练的
[同]inexperienced
ray
n,光线,射线
react
vi,反应,起作用
Applause reacts on a speaker,鼓掌对一个演说者有影响。
[同]function
vi,起反作用,反抗
[难点]
react on / upon 对…有影响,对…起反应
react to sth,对…有反应
react against sth,/sb,反抗,反对
reaction
n,反应,反作用;反动,对抗
reader
n,读者;读物,读本
reading
n,阅读,读书;读物,选读;读数
reality
n,真实,真相;真实之物;写实主义,现实主义
[同]realism
[难点]
bring sb,back to reality 使某人面对现实
in reality 实际上,事实上 = in fact
realm
n,王国,国度;领域,范围
rear
n,后部,尾部
adj,后方的,后部的,背后的
vt,饲养,养育
rear a family 养育子女
[同]bring up,raise
vt,抬起,举起
The snake reared its head,蛇抬起了头。
rebel
vi,反叛,叛乱
[同]revolt
vi,反对,不服从
n,反叛分子,反对者
[同]revolter
[难点]
rebel against 反叛,反对
recall
vt,回忆,回想
I can’t recall where I met him,我记不得在什么地方见过他。
[同]recollect,remember
vt,召回,撤销,收回
[同]take back
receipt
n,收据,收条;收到,接到
receiver
n.(电话)听筒;收音机,电视机
a radio-receiver 无线电接收机
n,接受者,收赃者
recent
adj,新近的,近来的
[同]fresh,new
reception
n,接待室;招待会;接待;接受
The new book had a favorable reception,这本新书颇受欢迎。
recognition
n,认出,识别
recognition signals 识别信号
[同]identification
n,承认
[同]acknowledgement
recommend
vt,推荐,介绍
Can you recommend me a good English – Chinese dictionary?
你能推荐一本好的英汉字典给我吗?
vt,劝告,建议
recommendation
n,推荐,介绍,建议,劝告
speak in recommendation of sb./sth,口头介绍某人/某物
n,推荐书,介绍信
recorder
n,录音机,录象机;记录者
recover
vi,恢复,康复,痊愈
He is slowly recovering from his illness,他正慢慢从病中康复。
[同]restore,regain health
vt,重新获得,重新找到;收回,挽回
[同]regain
[难点]
recover from 从…中恢复
recovery
n,痊愈,复原;收回,复得
reduce
vt,减少,缩小
reduce one’s expenses 减缩开支
[同]decrease
vt,简化
[同]cutback
vt,使成为
[难点]
reduce stb,to sth,使变成
reduce a chaotic room to order 把杂乱无章的房间整理得井井有条
reduction
n,减少,缩小第六十天[2003.04.14.]
refer
vi,提及,涉及
Don’t refer to this matter again,please,请不要再提这件事。
vt,提交,呈上
[同]submit,hand in
[难点]
refer to sth,as sth,把…称作,把…看作
refer sb./sth,(back)(to sb,/ sth,) 把…提交给…处理或决定
reference
n,提及,涉及,参考,咨询,送交,交付
book of reference 参考书
n,证明书,介绍信;附注,旁注,
[难点]
in / with reference to 关于,有关
without reference to 不顾,无关
refine
vt,精炼,精制,提纯
[难点]
refine upon 提高,改进…
reflect
v,反射,反映
Look at the trees reflected in the lake,看湖中倒映的树影。
v,表达;考虑
[难点]
reflect on / upon 考虑,思考
reflection
n,反射,反映;倒影,映像;思考;非议
reform
vt,改革,改良,改造
reform the world 改造世界
n,改革,改良,改造
refresh
v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复
refresh oneself with a cup of tea 喝杯茶提神
[同]renew
refrigerator
n,冰箱,冷藏库
refusal
n,拒绝
[同]denial,rejection
[反]acceptance
regard
vt.(as)看待,把…看作为…,对待
He’s regarded as the best dentist in town,他被认为是城内最好的牙医。
[同]consider
vt,尊重
[同]esteem
n,关系;注意,关心
[同]concern,attention
n,尊重,敬意
[同]esteem,respect
n.(复数)致意,问候
[难点]
in / with regard to = with respect to = concerning 关于,至于
as regards = as for 关于,至于
give one’s regards to sb,代某人向某人问好
regarding
prep,关于
regardless
adj,不留心的
adv,不顾后果地
[难点]
regardless of 不顾,不惜
region
n,地区,区域;范围
register
n,登记,注册
vi,登记,注册
Where can I register for the computer course? 我选计算机课程到哪里登记?
vt,登记,注册
register the birth of a child 登记小孩的出生
vt,显示;挂号邮寄
regulate
vt,控制,管理
regulate the traffic 管理交通
[同]control
vt,调整,调节
regulate the speed of a machine 调节机器的速度
[同]adjust
regulation
n,管理,控制,调节
the regulation of affairs 事物管理
[同]adjustment
n,规章,规则
traffic regulations 交通规则
reinforce
vt,增强,加强
reinforce an army 增援一支军队
[同]strengthen,fortify
reject
vt,拒绝,驳回
rejected my request 他拒绝了我的请求。
relate
vi,有关联的
She notices nothing except what relates to herself,她只注意与她有关的事。
vt,使相互关联
It is difficult to relate these results with/to any known cause,
这些结果很难于任何已知的原因相关联。
[同]associate
vt,叙述,讲述
[难点]
be related to 与…相关
relationship
n,关系,联系
relative
adj,相对的,比较的
[同]comparative
[反]absolute
n,亲属,亲戚
relativity
n,相对论;相关性
relax
v.(使)松弛,放松
Let’s stop working and relax for an hour,我们停工休息一小时吧。
release
vt,释放,解放
release sb,from his suffering 解除某人的痛苦
vt,发布,发行;放开,松开
relevant
adj.(to)有关的,切题的文件
[反]irrelevant
adj,有重大关系的,有意义的;适意的
[难点]
be relevant to sb,/ sth,与…有关
reliability
n,可靠性
[同]dependability
reliable
adj,可靠的
relief
n.(痛苦等)减轻,解除
[同]ease
n,救援,救济,救济物
[同]aid
relieve
vt,减轻,解除
A doctor’s task is to relieve the suffering of patients,医生的工作是解除病人的痛苦。
vt,救济,援助
religion
n,宗教;宗教信仰第六十一天[2003.04.15.]
religious
adj,宗教的;虔诚的,笃信宗教的
[同]pious
reluctant
adj,不情愿的,勉强的
[同]unwilling
[难点]
be reluctant to do sth,不愿做…
rely
vi,依靠,依赖
Children rely on their parents for food and clothing,孩子们依赖父母供给衣食。
vi,信赖,对…有信心
[难点]
rely on / upon sb,/ sth,依靠,依赖某人 / 某事
rely on sb,to do sth,依赖某人做某事
remark
vt,说,评论说
He remarked that he would be absent the next day,他谈到他次日不能出席。
vi,评论,议论
[同]comment
[难点]
remark on sth,/ sb,= comment on 就…发表评论
remarkable
adj,显著的,值得注意的,异常的,非凡的
[反]ordinary
remedy
n,补救方法,治疗措施;药品
a good remedy for colds 治伤风的良药
[同]medicine
vt,纠正,补救
Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied,你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。
vt,治疗,医治
[同]cure,heal
remind
vt,提醒,使想起
Please remind me to answer that letter,请提醒我回复这封信。
[难点]
remind sb,of sth,/ sb,使某人想起某事或某人
remind sb,to do sth,提醒某人做某事
remind sb,that … 提醒某人…,使某人想起…
remote
adj,遥远的,偏僻的,疏远的
removal
n,移动,搬迁;除去;撤职,免职
render
vt,使得,致使
He was rendered helpless by that accident,他因那次事故而依赖他人。
vt,给予,提供
renew
vt.(使)更新,恢复
renew one’s youth 恢复青春
[同]refresh
vt,重新开始,继续
[同]resume
rent
vt,租借,租用
Mr,Hill rents this land to us at $50 a year,希尔先生把这块地以每年五十镑租给我们。
vi,出租,出借
n,租金
[难点]
rent … from 向…租借…
rent … to sb,把…租给某人
repeatedly
adv,一再,再三,多次地
repetition
n,重复,反复
replace
vt,替换,替代,取代
Can anything replace a mother’s love and care?
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀呢?
vt,把…放回原处
[同]put back
reporter
n,记者
[同]journalist,correspondent
represent
vt,作为…代表(或代理)
She represented her country to speak at the international conference,
她代表她的国家在国际会议上发言。
vt,表示,象征;描绘,表现
representative
n,代表,代理人
adj,典型的,有代表性的
[同]typical
reproduce
v,复制;繁殖,生殖
reputation
n,名气,名声,名望
[难点]
have a reputation for sth,以…著称
live up to one’s reputation 不负众望
request
vt,请求,要求
n,请求,要求
[难点]
request sth,from / of sb,向某人请求某事物
request sb,to do sth,请某人做某事
requirement
n,要求,必要条件;需要,需要的东西
rescue
vt,营救,援救
n,营救,援救
[难点]
rescue sb,from sth,把某人从…救出
resemble
vt,像,类似
reserve
vt,保留,留存
n,储备,后备人员;保留
[难点]
reserve sth,for sth,为…保留…
reservoir
n,水库,蓄水池
residence
n,住处,住宅
resident
n,居民,定居者
adj,居住的,住校的,住院的
resign
vi,辞职
vt,放弃,辞去
resist
v,抵抗,反抗;忍住,抵制,抗拒第六十二天[2003.04.16.]
resistance
n,抵抗,反抗,抵制;抵抗力;阻力,电阻
resistant
adj,抵抗的,抗…的,耐…的
resolution
n,正式决定,决议;决心,决意
[同]resolve,determination
n,解决,解答
[同]solution,settlement
resolve
v,决心,决定;解决,解答
n,决心,决定
[难点]
resolve to do sth,决心做…
resolve that 决心…
resolve on/upon sth,决心做…
resort
vi,求助,凭借,诉诸
We will resort to the law,我们将诉诸法律。
n,常去之地,胜地
summer resorts 避暑胜地
[难点]
resort to sb/sth 求助于…,常去…
in the last resort = as a last resort 最后的凭借/依靠
resource
n.(复数)资源,财产;谋略,应付方法
respective
adj,各自的,各个的,分别的
respectively
adv,各自地,各个地,分别地
respond
vi,回答,答复;响应,有反应
response
n,回答,答复;反应,响应
[难点]
in response to 响应,回答
responsibility
n,责任,责任心;职责,义务
responsible
adj,须负责的,承担责任的
[同]answerable,liable
adj,有责任感的,负责可靠的
a responsible man 一个可靠的人
adj,责任重大的,重要的
[难点]
be responsible to sb,/ for sth,对…负责,是…的原因
restless
adj,焦躁不安的,静不下来的
[同]uneasy
restore
vt,恢复,使恢复;归还,交还;修复,重建
[难点]
restore … to 恢复到,把…还给
restrain
vt,抑制,遏制
He could hardly restrain his anger,他不能克制自己的怒火。
vt,阻止,控制
[同]prevent
[难点]
restrain from doing sth,控制自己不干某事
restrain sb,from doing sth,阻止某人干某事
restraint
n,抑制,限制,克制
restrict
vt,限制,约束
The trees restrict our vision,树木挡住了我们的视野。
[难点]
restrict … to =limit … to = confine … to 把…限制在…
resume
vt.(中断后)重新开始,继续,恢复
resume one’s work 恢复工作
n,摘要,概略,履历
retain
vt,保留,保持
retire
vi,退休;退出,退下
retreat
vi,撤退,退却
reveal
vt,揭露,泄露;展现,显示
reverse
v,颠倒,倒转
n,倒档位置;相反;背面,反面,后面
adj,相反的,倒转的
in reverse order 以颠倒的次序
revise
vt,修订,修改;复习
revolt
n,反叛,起义
vi,反叛,起义
[难点]
revolt against … = rebel against 反抗,反叛…
revolutionary
adj,革命的,革新的
n,革命者
reward
n,报酬,报答;奖金
vt,酬劳,奖赏;报答
[难点]
reward sb,for sth,为…而报答某人
rhythm
n,节奏,韵律
rib
n,肋骨
ribbon
n,丝带,带状物
rid
vt,使摆脱,使去掉
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
[难点]
rid … of … 使…摆脱…
be / get rid of 摆脱,解脱,除去第六十三天[2003.04.17.]
ridge
n,山脊;垄,埂
ridiculous
adj,可笑的,荒谬的
[同]laughable,absurd
rifle
n,步枪
rigid
adj,严格死板的
[同] inflexible,firm
adj,刚性的,钢硬的
[同]stiff
risk
vt,冒…的危险
n,冒险,风险
rival
n,竞争对手,敌手
[同]competitor
adj,竞争的
[同]competitive
vt,与…竞争
roar
vi,吼叫,怒号,咆哮
lions roaring in the distance 在远方吼叫的狮子
roast
v,烤,炙,烘
rob
vt,抢劫,盗取
[难点]
rob sb / sth,of sth,抢劫某人某物
robot
n,机器人,自动机
rocket
n,火箭
rod
n,杆,棒
role
n,角色;作用,任务
roller
n,滚筒,滚轴
Roman
adj,罗马的
the Roman alphabet 罗马字母
n,罗马人
romantic
adj,浪漫的,传奇的;不切实际的,爱空想的
root
n,根;根本,根源
v.(使)生根;(使)扎根
rotary
adj,旋转的
rotate
v.(使)旋转,转动
rotation
n,旋转,转动;循环,轮流
rotten
adj,腐烂的,腐朽的
rouse
vt,惊起,唤起,唤醒
route
n,路线,路程
routine
adj,例行的,常规的
royal
adj,王室的,皇家的
rub
v,擦,摩擦
rude
adj,粗鲁的
rug
n,地毯
ruin
vt.(使)毁灭,毁坏
n,毁灭,毁坏;(复数)废墟,遗迹
rumor
n,传闻,谣言第六十四天[2003.04.18.]
rural
adj,农村的
[反]urban
rust
n,铁锈
v.(使)生锈
It’s better to wear out than to rust out,用坏总比放着生锈好。
sack
n,麻袋,包
vt,解雇
He was sacked for drunkenness,他因酗酒而被解雇。
sacrifice
vt,献祭;牺牲,献出
He sacrificed his life to save the drowning child,他为救快要溺死的孩子献出了生命。
n,献祭,供奉;牺牲,舍身
[难点]
sacrifice oneself for 为…而牺牲
sacrifice sth,to do sth,牺牲…去做…
saddle
n.(马)鞍,鞍状物
sailor
n,水手,海员
[同]seaman,mariner
sake
n,缘故,理由
[难点]
for the sake of sb,/ sth,= for sb’s / sth’s sake 为了…的利益
salad
n,色拉,凉拌菜
salary
n,薪水,薪金
sale
n,卖,出售;廉价出售;(复数)销售额
salesman
n,售货员,推销员
sample
n,样品,标本
vt,从…抽样
sample the quality of the wine 抽样调查葡萄酒的质量
satellite
n,卫星,人造卫星;追随者,附庸国
satellite town 卫星城镇
satisfaction
n,满足,满意;赔偿,补偿
satisfactory
adj,令人满意的
saucer
n,碟子,茶托
sausage
n,香肠,腊肠
saving
n,节省,节约;(复数)储蓄金,存款
saw
n,锯(床)
vt,锯(开)
saw a log in two 把一根木头锯成两截
[难点]
saw sth,off 锯掉(某物)
saw sth,up 把某物锯成小块
scale
n,刻度,标度;(复数)天平,磅秤;比例;规模
[难点]
on a large / small scale 大(小)规模地
scan
vt,细看,审视
The shipwrecked sailor scanned the horizon anxiously every morning.
这位遭海难的水手每天早晨焦急地张望着海天相接之处。
v,扫描;浏览
scan the newspaper
scarce
adj,缺乏的,不足的
[同]inadequate
adj,稀少的,罕见的
scarcely
adv,几乎不,简直不
[同]hardly,almost not
adv,决不;刚刚,才
[同]barely,just
scare
n,惊恐,恐慌
vt,惊吓,受惊
scatter
vt,撒,撒播
scatter seed 播种
vi,分散,消散
scenery
n,风景,景色;舞台布景
schedule
n,时间表,时刻表,日程安排表
vt,安排,排定
The President is scheduled to make a speech tomorrow.
总统定于明日发表演说。
[难点]
on schedule 按时间表,准时
behind schedule 迟延,进度落后
scheme
n,计划,方案
[同]plan,blueprint
n,阴谋
[同]plot,intrigue
v,设计,策划,图谋
They schemed for the overthrow of the government.
他们阴谋推翻政权。
[难点]
scheme for sth,图谋…
scheme to do sth,策划,图谋做…
scholar
n,学者
scholarship
n,奖学金;学问,学识第六十五天[2003.04.19.]
scientific
adj,科学的
scissors
n.(复数)剪刀
scold
v,责骂,训斥
scold a child for being careless 责备孩子粗心
[难点]
scold sb,for sth,责备某人…
scope
n,余地,机会;范围
scout
n,侦察员
vi,侦察
[难点]
scout about / around for sb./sth,往各处寻找…
scrape
v,刮,擦
scrape paint from a door 刮去门上的油漆
n,刮,擦,刮擦声;擦伤
a bad scrape on the elbow 肘上的严重擦伤
n,困难,困境
get into scrapes 陷入困境
[难点]
scrape sth,from / off sth,= scrape sth,away / off 刮落,擦去
scrape through sth,勉强通过
scratch
v,抓,搔,扒
The cat scratched me,猫抓了我。
n,抓,搔,抓痕
screen
n,屏幕;屏风,帘
vt,掩蔽,遮蔽
[难点]
screen sth,from sth,遮蔽…,以防…
screw
n,螺丝
vt,拧,拧紧
screw a lock on a door 用螺丝钉把锁装在门上
seal
n,封条;印,图章
[同]stamp
vt.(密)封
[难点]
seal sth,off 封闭
secondary
adj,次要的,次等的,辅助的;中级的,第二的
secretary
n,秘书,书记,部长,大臣
section
n,章节;部分;部门,科;截面,剖面
secure
adj,安全的,可靠的;放心的
vt,得到,获得
She has secured a good job,她已获得了一个好工作。
vt,使安全,保卫
[难点]
be secure from / against sth,免受…打扰或攻击
security
n,安全
select
vt,选择,挑选
adj,精选的,选择的
selection
n,选择,挑选;精选品
selfish
adj,自私的,利己的
semester
n,学期
semiconductor
n,半导体
senate
n,参议院
senior
adj,资格老的,地位较高的
[同]superior
adj,年长的
[难点]
be senior to sb,比某人年长或资深
sensible
adj,明智的,合情理的
[同]reasonable,rational
adj,觉察的,知道的
He is sensible of the danger of his position,他发觉他处境的危险。
sensitive
adj,敏感的;灵敏的
[难点]
be sensitive to sb,/ sth,对…敏感
sequence
n,连续,接连,一连串;次序,顺序
series
n,一系列,连续;丛书
session
n,会议,一届会期;集会
setting
n,环境;调节
settlement
n,协议,解决
severe
adj,严重的;严厉的,严格的;严峻的,艰难的第六十六天[2003.04.20.]
sex
n,性(别)
shade
n,荫,阴影;遮光物;色度;细微差别
vt,遮蔽,遮光
He shaded his eyes with his hands,他用手遮住眼睛。
[难点]
put sb,/ sth in / into the shade 使(某人或某物)黯然无光,使相形见绌
a shade of 一点点
shade … from … 使…免受…的照射
shallow
adj,浅的[反]deep
adj,浅薄的
[同]superficial
[反]profound
n.(复数)浅滩,浅处
shave
vt,剃,刮,刨,削
vi,修面,刮脸
He has shaved off his beard,他已剃过胡子。
n,刮脸
[难点]
shave sth,off 把…刮去
have a shave 刮脸
shear
vt,剪,剪断
They’ll be shearing the sheep next week,他们将在下星期剪羊毛。
vt,削减
n.(复数)大剪刀
shed
vt,脱落,脱去
Trees shed their leaves and flowers shed their petals,树落叶,花掉瓣。
vt,流出,流下
shed one’s blood 流血
vt,发出,散发
[难点]
shed one’s blood / tears 流血/流泪
shed light on sth,阐明,弄明白…
shelf
n,架子,搁板
shell
n,壳;炮弹
shelter
n,掩蔽处,躲避处;掩蔽,保护
shelter sb,from blame 庇护某人不受责骂
[难点]
take shelter from… 躲避…
shelter from 躲避…
shelter sb,from … 保护某人
shield
n,防护物,护罩,盾
vt,保护,防护
She lied to the police to shield her friend,她向警方说谎以保护她的朋友。
[难点]
shield sb,from 保护某人免遭…
shield … with … 用…保护…
shift
v,移动,转移;改变,转变
shift one’s ground 改变立场
n,转换,转变;班
shiver
vi,战栗,发抖
He is shivering all over with cold,他冷得全身发抖。
[同]shudder,tremble,shake
[难点]
to shiver with… 因…而发抖
shock
n,震动,冲击
[同]violent blow
n,震惊,惊愕;电震,电击;休克
vt.(使)震动;(使)震惊
I was shocked at the news of her death,她去世的消息使我震惊。
shortage
n,不足,缺少
a water shortage 水缺乏
shortcoming
n.(复数)短处,缺点
shortly
adv,立刻,不久;不耐烦地,简略地
shot
n,开枪,射击;射门,投篮;弹丸,炮弹;射手,炮手
shrink
v,起皱,收缩;退缩,畏缩
A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers,羞怯的人怕见生人。
[难点]
shrink from doing sth,畏缩不敢做某事
sideway
adv,斜着,横着,侧身地
sigh
n,叹息
vi,叹息,叹气
sigh with tiredness 疲倦地叹气
sightseeing
n,观光,游览
[难点]
go sightseeing 去观光
signal
n,信号,暗号
v.(向…)发信号
He signaled to the waiter to bring the menu,他做手势要侍者拿菜单。
signature
n,签名,署名,签字
significance
n,意义,含义;重要性,重大
significant
adj,相当数量的,重要的,意义重大的;意味深长的
similar
adj,相似的,类似的
[难点]
be similar to … 与…相似
similarly
adv,相似地,类似地
simplicity
n,简单,简易;朴素
live a life of simplicity 过着简朴的生活
simplify
vt,简化
That will simplify my task,那将简化我的工作。
[反]complicate
vt,使单纯
simply
adv,简单地;仅仅,只不过;朴素地第六十七天[2003.04.21.]
sincere
adj,诚挚的,真诚的,诚恳的
[同]honest,hearty
singular
adj,单数的;非凡的,突出的
a man of singular courage 异常勇敢的人
[同]outstanding,exceptional
site
n,位置,场所,地点
skate
n,冰鞋
vi,溜冰,滑冰
[难点]
skate on … 在…上滑冰
sketch
n,略图,草图
[同]draft
n,梗概,大意
[同]outline
n,素描,速写
v,给…的略图;画…的素描
He is sketching a face,他正在作一张脸的速写。
v,概述,简述
skilled
adj,熟练的,有技能的
skillful
adj,灵巧的,娴熟的
[同]proficient
skim
v,撇(去);掠过,擦过
The swallows were skimming the water,燕子掠过水面。
v,浏览,略读
[同]glance,scan
[难点]
skim ( off ) sth,from sth,把…的…撇去
skim (through)sth,略读…
slam
v,砰的关上
The angry girl slammed the door as she went out,
那个生气的女孩出去时把门砰地关上。
sleeve
n,袖子
slender
adj,苗条的,修长的;微薄的
slice
n,薄片,切片;一份,部分
v,切(片)
slice into / through a cake 切蛋糕
slide
v.(使)滑动,(使)滑行
The book slid off my knee,书从我膝盖上滑落了。
[同]slip,glide
v,不知不觉逐渐陷入(某种情况等)
slide into bad habits 慢慢染上坏习惯
n,滑坡,滑道;幻灯片
slip
vt,滑(倒),滑落
The blanket slipped off the bad,毯子从床上滑落。
vt,溜走
The years slipped by,岁月在不知不觉中逝去。
n,疏忽,小错,口误,笔误
[难点]
make a slip 犯小错,失误
a slip of the tongue / pen 口/笔误
slippery
adj,滑的
[同]greasy
slit
n,狭长的口子,裂缝
the slit of a letterbox 信箱的投信口
vt,切开,撕开
slit an envelope open 拆开信封
slope
n 斜坡,斜面;倾斜,斜度
v.(使)倾斜
Our garden slopes to the river,我们的花园向河倾斜。
soak
vt,浸泡,使湿透
We were soaked to the skin,我们全身湿透。
[同]immerse,wet
vi,浸泡;渗透
[难点]
soak sth,in sth,把…放在…浸泡
be soaked in sth,沉浸在…中
be soaked to the skin 全身湿透
soak through sth,浸入,透过,渗透…
so-called
adj,所谓的,号称的
social
adj,社会的;交际的,社交的
sock
n,短袜
soda
n,苏打;汽水
solar
adj,太阳的,日光的
the solar system 太阳系
sole
adj,唯一的,单独的
[同]single
solemn
adj,庄严的,隆重的
[同]stately
adj,严肃的
[同]serious
soluble
adj,可溶的
solution
n,解答,解决方法;溶解,溶液
solve
vt,解决,解答
solve a problem 解答问题
somehow
adv,以某种方式,用某种方法;不知怎么地第六十八天[2003.04.22.]
sometime
adv,将来某个时候,过去某个时间;一度,从前
[同]once,formerly
somewhat
adv,稍微,有点
[同]in some degree,more or less
sophisticated
adj,老练的,富有经验的
[同]worldly-wise,experienced
[反]innocent
adj,精密的,尖端的
[同]precise
sore
adj,疼痛的
[同]painful
adj,恼火的
[同]irritated,annoyed
n,痛处,疮口
sorrow
n,悲哀,悲痛
[同]grief,sadness
sound
adj,健全的,完好的;正当的,合理的
[同]reasonable,rational
soup
n,汤
eat / drink soup 喝汤
sour
adj,酸的,酸味的
[同]acid
adj,易怒的,乖张的
[同]bad-tempered,irritable
source
n,源泉;来源,出处
southeast
n,东南方,东南部
adj,东南方的,东南部的
adv,向东南
southwest
n,西南,西南方
adj,西南方的,西南部的,来自西部的
adv,向西方
sow
v,播(种)
sow grass 种草
spacecraft
n,航天器,宇宙飞船
[同]spaceship
spade
n,铁锹,铲子
[同]shovel
span
n,一段时间
the span of life 一生的时间
[同]period
n,跨距,跨度
Spanish
adj,西班牙的;西班牙人的;西班牙语的
n,西班牙语
spark
n,火花,火星
vi,发火花,发电花
His statement sparked off a quarrel between them,他的话引起他们之间一场争吵。
speaker
n,说话者,演讲者;扬声器
specialist
n,专家
specialize
vi,专门研究,专攻
specialize in agriculture 专攻农学
specific
adj,明确的,具体的
[同]definite
adj,特定的,特有的
[同]particular
specify
vt,明确说明,具体制定
The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination.
规则指明考试时可用一本词典。
[同]detail
specimen
n,标本,样本
[同]sample
spelling
n,拼法,拼写法
sphere
n,球(体);范围,领域
spider
n,蜘蛛
spill
v.(使)溢出;(使)洒落
The ink has spilt on the desk,墨水洒在桌子上了。
[同]overflow
v,摔下,使跌落
His horse spilt him,他的马把他摔下来了。
n,溢出
[同]overflow
n,摔下,跌下
spin
vi,旋转,眩晕
My head is spinning,我的头很晕。
vt,使旋转;(用洗衣机等)甩干
n,旋转,自转
spiritual
adj,精神上的
[同]immaterial
spit
vi,吐唾沫
Don’t spit in the bus,不要在公共汽车上吐痰。
vt,吐出
spit blood 吐血
[难点]
spit at/on/upon …,向…吐口水以示蔑视或憎恨
spit sth,out 吐出,愤怒或尖刻地说第六十九天[2003.04.23.]
spite
n,恶意;怨恨
have a spite against sb,怨恨某人
[难点]
in spite of 不顾,不管
split
v,裂开,劈开,破裂,撕裂
This kind of wood splits easily,这种木头易劈开。
v,分裂,使分离
split the atom 分裂原子
n,分裂,裂口
spoil
vt,损坏,破坏…的性质
holidays spoilt by bad weather 被坏天气搅糟了的假日
vt,宠坏,溺爱
a spoiled boy 一个被宠坏的男孩
sponsor
vt,发起,主办
sponsor an activity 发起一项活动
vt,资助,赞助
sponsor the TV programmes 赞助电视节目
n,发起者,主办者;保证人
spoon
n,匙,调羹
sportsman
n,运动员
[同]athlete
spot
n,斑点,污渍
[同]stain
n,地点,处所
vt,认出,发现
spot a friend in a crowd 在人群中认出一位朋友
[同]pick out,recognize
[难点]
on the spot 到场,在现场;立即,马上,当场
spray
n,浪花,水花,飞沫
the spray of a waterfall 瀑布的水花
n,喷雾
vt,喷,向…喷射
spray mosquitoes 向蚊子喷杀虫剂
[难点]
spray sth,/ sb,with sth,= spray sth,on sth,/ sb,向某人或某物喷…
spur
v,激励,鞭策,促进
He was spurred on by ambition,他被野心所驱使。
[同]urge
v,疾驰,疾驱
The rider spurred on / forward to his destination,骑者向目的地疾驰而去。
n,刺激(物),激励
[同]stimulus
[难点]
spur sb,to do sth,催促某人干…
spur sb,/ sth,on 激励,驱策某人
squeeze
vt,用力挤压,紧握
squeeze sb.’s hand 紧握某人的手
vt,压缩,减少
squeeze a lemon 榨柠檬
vt,压榨
squeeze more money out of the public 榨取大众的金钱
vi,挤着行动
squeeze into a crowded bus 挤进拥挤的公共汽车
n,紧握,挤压
[难点]
squeeze one’s way into / through 挤入,挤过…
squeeze sth,from / out of sth,压出,榨出
squeeze sth,out of sth./sb,敲诈某人/某物
stability
n,稳定,稳固,坚固
stable
adj,稳定的,安定的
[同]steady,firm
stack
n,整齐的一叠
vt,把…叠成堆,堆放于
staff
n,全体职工,全体人员;参谋部
vt,为…配备工作人员
stage
n,阶段,时期;舞台,戏剧
[难点]
the stage 戏剧业,剧坛
be / go on the stage 当演员
stain
n,污点,污迹
vt,染污,染色
stake
n,赌本,赌注;利害关系,股份(复数)争夺赛,有奖比赛
[难点]
at stake = at risk 有危险,处在危险境地
stale
adj,不新鲜的
[反]fresh
adj,陈腐的,过时的
[同]out-of-date ; outmoded
standpoint
n,立场,观点
from the standpoint of the consumer 从消费者的立场而言
[同]viewpoint
starve
v,挨饿,(使)饿死
The poor dog starved to death,那条可怜的狗饿死了。
[难点]
be starved of sth,= starve for sth,= long for sth,渴望,急需,迫切需要…
statement
n,声明,报告;陈述,叙述
static
adj,静的
[同]quiet,still
adj,静态的
statistical
adj,统计的,统计学的
statue
n,塑像,雕像
status
n,地位,身份
[同]station,social position
steady
adj,稳定的,不变的
[同]constant,unchanging
adj,稳固的;稳重的
v.(使)平衡,(使)稳定
Prices are steadying,物价渐趋稳定。
[同]stabilize
steamer
n,汽船,轮船
steep
adj,陡峭的,险峻的
[同]sheer
steer
vt,驾驶,为…操舵
The ship is steered badly,这条船不好驾驶。
stem
n,茎,干,叶柄
vi,起源于
Thousands of English words stem from Latin,英语中有成千上万的词源于拉丁语。
[难点]
stem from = arise from = derive from spring from 起源于,发生第七十天[2003.04.24.]
sticky
adj,粘的,粘性的
[难点]
be sticky with 被粘满…
stiff
adj,硬的,僵直的
[同]rigid
adj,拘谨的,生硬的
[同]restrained
adj,艰难的,费劲的
stimulate
vt,刺激,激励
stimulate sb,to make greater efforts 激励某人作更大的努力
[难点]
stimulate sb,to sth,= stimulate sb,to do sth,鼓励某人做某事
sting
v,刺,叮
A bee stung him on the cheek,一只蜜蜂在他的脸上蜇了一下。
[同]bite
v.(被)刺痛
I was stung by his harsh criticism,我被他严厉的批评刺痛了。
n,刺痛,剧痛
[难点]
sting sb,to/into sth,= sting sb,to /into doing sth,刺痛、激怒某人干…
stir
vt,搅拌,搅动
stir one’s milk 搅动牛奶
vt,摇动,移动;激起,打动
vi,微动,活动
[同]sensation,excitement
[难点]
stir sb,to sth,激起某人干某事
stir sth,up 激起,惹起…
stock
n,备料,库存,现货;股票,公债
vt,储备
[难点]
stock sth,with sth,= supply … with … = equip … with … 供应,贮存
stocking
n.(复数)长筒袜
stoop
v,弯腰,俯身
stoop to pick sth,up 俯身拾物
n.(单数)弯腰,曲背
walk with a stoop 佝偻而行
[难点]
stoop to do sth,俯身做某事,降低身份做某事
stoop to doing sth,堕落到…地步
storage
n,贮藏,保管;存储
storey
n,楼层
stove
n,炉子,火炉
strain
n,过劳,极度紧张;张力,应变
vt,尽力使用,使紧张
strain every nerve to do sth,竭尽全力做某事
vt,拉紧,绷紧;扭伤,拉伤
vi,尽力,努力
[难点]
strain at / on sth,努力,奋力干
strain to do sth,努力做…
strap
n,带,皮带
vt,用带扣住;束牢,捆扎
[难点]
strap sth,on / up 用带捆扎,束起或固定
strategy
n,战略,策略
[同]tactic
straw
n,稻草,麦秆;吸管
stream
n,小河,溪流;流,一股,一串
v,流涌
His face was streaming with sweat,他汗流满面。
[同]flow,pour
[难点]
stream with … 流着…
strengthen
vt,加强,巩固
stress
n,压力,应力;重音,重读
vt,强调,着重
He stressed the importance of information,他强调了信息的重要性。
[同]emphasize
[难点]
put / place stress on sth,把重点放在…
strech
v.(被)拉长,伸展,延伸
strech out one’s arm for a book 伸出手臂去拿一本书
n,一段时间,一段路
do a two-year stretch in prison 坐牢两年
n,拉长,延伸
[同]extension
strict
adj,严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的;完全的,不折不扣的
string
n,弦,线,细绳;一串,一行
a string of pearls 一串珍珠
v,缚,捆
string up lanterns across a street 横越街道挂灯笼
[难点]
string sb,up 绞死某人
string sth,up 把某物悬在绳上
strip
n,条,带状物
vi,脱光衣服
strip for a bath 脱光衣服洗澡
vt,剥去,脱去…的衣服;剥夺,夺走
stripe
n,条纹
stroke
n,击敲;报时的钟声;一击;一划,一笔;中风
stroke
vt,抚摸
n,抚摸
structure
n,结构,构造;建筑物
vt,建造,建立
stuff
n,原料,材料,东西
vt,填满,塞满
His head in stuffed with silly romantic ideas,他满脑子天真浪漫的想法。
[难点]
be stuffed with 被…填满
style
n,风格,文体;式样,类型
[难点]
in style 不过时,时髦的
submarine
adj,水底的,海底的
a submarine cable 海底电缆
n,潜水艇
submerge
vi,潜入水中第七十二天[2003.04.28.]
surround
vt,包围,环绕
We are surrounded with dangers,我们现在处境危机四伏。
[同]encircle,enclose
surroundings
n.(复数)周围的事物,环境
survey
vt,俯瞰,眺望
He surveyed the countryside from the top of a hill,他从山顶眺望乡间。
vt,测量,勘测;全面审视,调查
n,俯瞰,眺望;测量,勘测;全面审视,调查
[难点]
make a survey of sth,对…做全面视察(或调查)
survive
vi,活下来,幸存
vt,从…中逃出,从…中挺过来;比…活得长
suspect
vt,疑有,推测;对…表示怀疑
vi,有怀疑
n,嫌疑犯,可疑分子
[难点]
suspect sb,of doing sth,怀疑某人做过某事
suspect sb,to be 怀疑某人是…
suspect sb,to have done sth,怀疑某人做过某事
suspend
vt,悬,挂,吊;暂停,暂缓
[难点]
suspend…from… 把…挂在…上
suspicion
n,怀疑
[难点]
above suspicion 无可怀疑
sustain
vt,保持,使…持续不息
sustain the speed 保持速度
vt,供养,维持;支持;蒙受,遭受
sustain a defeat 遭受失败
swallow
v,吞,咽
swallow sth,whole 囫囵吞枣
swallow
n,燕子
sway
v.(使)摇摆,(使)动摇
The branches of the trees were swaying in the wind,树枝在风中摇曳。
[同]swing,shake
swear
v,诅咒,咒骂;宣誓,发誓
[难点]
swear to do sth,发誓要做某事
swear by sth,对…发誓
swear sb,to secrecy 使某人誓守秘密
swear at sb,咒骂某人
sweat
n,汗
v.(使)出汗
The doctor sweated his patient,医生使他的病人出汗了。
[难点]
be in a sweat 满身大汗
sweater
n,针织套衫,羊毛套衫
pull on / off sweater 穿上(脱下)羊毛衫
swell
v,肿胀,膨胀;逐渐增加;增强,上涨
[难点]
swell up with sth,因…而增大,膨胀
swell to = increase to 增加到
swift
adj,快速的,敏捷的
[难点]
be swift to do sth,易于…
swing
v.(使)摆动,(使)摇摆;(使)转动,转向
n,摆动,摇摆;秋千
switch
n,开关,电闸;转换;枝条
v,改变,转移
sword
n,剑,刀
symbol
n,象征;符号,标志
sympathetic
adj,同情的;赞同的,支持的;体谅的,谅解的
[难点]
be sympathetic with sb,对某人同情
be / feel sympathetic to / towards sb,对某人表同情
sympathetic
vi,同情,怜悯;体谅,赞同
[难点]
sympathize with sb./ sth,同情…
sympathy
n,同情,同情心
[难点]
feel sympathy for sb,同情某人
synthetic
adj,合成的,人造的;综合的
system
n,系统,体系
the nervous system 神经系统
n,制度,体制
systematical
adj,有系统的,系统化的
tag
n,标签,货签
talent
n,才能,天赋,天才;人才
[难点]
have a talent for 有…天才
tame
vt,驯养,驯服
tame a tiger 驯虎
adj,驯服的,温顺的;沉闷的,平淡的
tap
n,连续轻拍;龙头,塞子
v,连续轻叩,轻拍
vt,利用,开发
tap latent potential 挖掘潜力第七十三天[2003.04.29.]
tape
n,带子;磁带
vt,用带子捆扎;录音
target
n,靶子;目标,对象
tax
vt,征税;使负重担,使劳累
n,税,税款;(单数)负担,压力
[难点]
state taxes 国税
local taxes 地方税
income tax 所得税
technician
n,技术员,技师,巧匠
technique
n,技巧,技术;手法,方法
technology
n,工艺学,工艺,技术
tedious
adj,冗长的,乏味的
[同]boring
teenager
n,青少年
telescope
n,望远镜
an astronomical telescope 天文望远镜
temper
n,情绪,脾气;韧度;特征,倾向
[难点]
be in a good/bad temper 心情好(坏)
get/go/fly into a temper 发怒
temple
n,庙,寺,神殿
temporary
adj,暂时的,临时的
[反]permanent
tempt
vt,引诱,诱惑;吸引,使发生兴趣
temptation
n,引诱,诱惑;诱惑物
tend
vi,趋于,趋向;倾向
vt,照管,护理
tendency
n,趋向,趋势
tender
adj,温柔的;嫩的,娇嫩;疼痛的,易痛的
tennis
n,网球
tense
n,时态
adj,拉紧的,紧张的
a tense atmosphere 紧张的气氛
tense nerves 紧张的神经
tension
n,紧张;拉紧,拉力;电压
terminal
adj,末端的,终点的,极限的;每期的
n,终点站;末端,极限;端子,线接头
territory
n,领土,版图
defend our sacred territory 保卫我们的神圣领土
n,区域,范围
terror
n,恐怖的人或事件
textbook
n,教科书,课本
textile
n,纺织品,纺织原料
adj,纺织的
theoretical
adj,理论上的
theoretical physics 理论物理学
theory
n,理论,原理;学说,论说;意见,推测,说法
thereby
adv,因而,从而
thermometer
n,温度计
a clinical thermometer 体温计
thickness
n,厚度;浓度,密度