21世纪职业教育规划教材英 语主 编 刘 利副 主 编 王 春 平 李 春 侠中国水利水电出版社
ISBN 7-5084-3992-9
内容提要本教材是依据中等职业学校英语教学大纲编写而成。可供中等职业学校学生使用，也可供英语爱好者自学使用。
本书话题涉及城市问题、旅游、健康、环保、求职、名人等各方面，题材新颖，时代感强。教材提供了一些应用性的训练，
可引导学生进行英语的学习和交际。
本书为双色印刷,版式精美,图文并茂,是一本融知识性,
趣味性,使用性为一体的好教材 。
Unit 1 Introductions and Greetings
Part 1 dialogue
Mr,Gates introduces his wife to Mr,Zhang.
Mr,Gates,Hello,Mr,Zhang!
Mr,Zhang,Hello,Mr,Gates! Haven’t seen you for ages.
Mr,Gates,You haven’t met my wife yet,have you? Her name’s Alice,
Honey,this is my Chinese friend,Mr,Zhang.
Mrs,Bates,Hello,Mr,Zhang,My husband often talks about you.
Mr,Zhang,Nice to meet you,How do you like the life here?
Mrs,Bates,Not too bad.
Mr,Zhang,If you need my help,please call me or send text message,My
mobile number is 13369298098.
Mrs,Bates,Oh,It’s very kind of you.
Mr,Zhang,You’re welcome.
Part 3 Reading
Different ways of Introducing and Greeting
Each country or society has its own culture,its own customs and habits,and
its own ways of doing things,
You should pay attention to several things when introducing two people,The
formal and polite way is to introduce younger people to old people,a man to a
woman,a person in a lower position to a person in a higher,and someone you
know well to someone you know less well.
“How do you do?” is to greet someone for the first time on formal occasions,It
is not a question,but a greeting.,Glad to meet you” and,Pleased to meet you” are
used to greet someone,too,If you run into a friend or someone you have met,you
can say,Hello,Nice to meet you again.”
In starting a conversation with a stranger,you may not ask,“How old are you?,
or,How much do you earn a month?” But you may talk about weather,clothing and
sports,These topics are safe,You will not offend anyone.
In China,people often greet each other by asking,“Have you eaten?” But
in English-speaking countries,to ask the same question would mean to invite the
other person to join him or her for a meal,Chinese people also often greet each
other by asking,“Where are you going?” But if you said this to an English-
speaking person,especially someone you do not know very well,he or she might
think you are rather,nosy”,or they might say,“It’s none of your business.”
Social customs differ so much from country to country,so the important
thing is to understand that different people have different customs.
Part 4 Reading out
THE VALUE OF TIME
An English proverb says that time is money,I consider it wrong,
Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but cannot in
any way get back time,For this reason,we may say that time is more
valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time,It is indeed a great pity,
We must keep in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
Part 5 Grammar
现在进行时和过去进行时
1 现在进行时构成,am / is / are + v-ing
2 现在进行时的基本用法
1) 表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（如 now,at this
moment等），或通过 Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻的动作正在进行。
She is making a fire now.
Look,he is sleeping in the office.
2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
They are planting trees on the hill these days.
She is working on a paper these days.
3) 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。能这样用的动词并不多，通常是 arrive,begin,
come,do,drive,fly,go,leave,stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.
Where are you staying in Guangzhou?
二 过去进行时
1过去进行时构成,was / were + v-ing
2过去进行时的基本用法
1) 表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生。
I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.
She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
2)表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
We were talking about you the whole morning.
He was watching TV at home from 8:00 to 9:00 this morning.
3) 表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
He told me that he was going soon.
She said she was leaving for New York the next month.
He wanted to know when she was coming.
Unit 1 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A
1 to offend 2 attention 3 topic 4 nosy
5 introduce 6 habits 7 has earned 8 business
B
1 近况如何？
2 你觉得这里的生活怎么样?
3 你（入学以来）觉得学校生活怎样？
4 你过得怎么样？
5 好久不见。
6 不错。就是有时有点儿想家。
7 请允许我自我介绍。
8 我能荣幸地把您介绍给王先生？
9 真没想到会遇见你。
10 我想你没有见过我的中学同学李红
C 1 This is a foreign guest of our company,Mr,Parker.
2 How do you like the life here?
3 It’s great fun.
4 Have some fruit,
5 and make yourself at home.
D 1 In starting a conversation
2 differ so much
3 on formal occasions
4 will not offend anyone
5 its own customs and habits.
6 a person in a lower position to a person in a higher.
7 pay attention to
8 rather,nosy”,It’s none of your business.
9 will send text messages
10You’re welcome.
E 1 T 2 T 3 Ｆ ４ Ｔ ５ T 6 Ｆ
Grammar Exercises
A 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 D
9 A 10 C 11C 12B 13 B 14 A 15 D
B 1 is falling 2 was changing 3 is thinking of
4 was standing 5 are doing 6 was snowing
7 is jumping 8 was having
Unit 2 Housing
Part 1 dialogue
Ben has moved into a new house,Sue and Ben are talking about Ben's
new house.
Sue,Hi,Ben,How are you?
Ben,Hello,Sue,I'm fine,thank you.
Sue,I haven't seen you for a long time,Where have you been?
Ben,We bought a new house last month.
Sue,So you have moved into your new house.
Ben,Yes,you are quite right.
Sue,What is it like?
Ben,It's made of stone,It's got a square shape,and it is nice looking.
Sue,How many floors does it have?
Ben,One floor,but it's got enough rooms for all of us.
Sue,Do you like living in it?
Ben,Yes,I like my new house because I have my own bedroom now.
Part 3 Reading
Housing
There are many different kinds of house in the world,They can be large or
small,old or modern,or anything in between,Many houses are square and a few
are round,Some houses have only one floor,and others have two or more,Most
houses are made of concrete,wood,stone,or bricks.
Many old houses need a lot of repair work,Sometimes the owners only
repair the house,Other times they need to design and build a new kitchen or
bathroom in it,or even add a whole new floor,
A few people are not happy with any of these houses,These people buy old
buildings,such as old banks,churches,schools,or gas stations,They spend a lot
of time and money changing these old buildings into homes,so they can say,“My
home is different.”
People are buying old buildings and changing them into homes,A woman in
San Francisco changed an old wooden church into a home,A man in New England
bought an old bank and changed it into a home,One family of nine in Illinois wanted
a small house for the summer,They bought a small farm building and changed it into
a comfortable house for the summer,They put new windows on the sides,The
windows keep the little house cool during the hot summer,They also put in a kitchen,
a bathroom,and stairs,On the second floor,they put in two small bedrooms,On the
first floor,they put in another bedroom,Now all 9 people say they are living
comfortably in their small summer house.
Part 4 Reading out
HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY
There is an English proverb,which says (saying),Honesty is the best policy.” It
signifies the importance of honesty.
What are the benefits of honesty? If you are honest to others,they will be honest
to you in return,When you are sad,they will comfort you,When you are in trouble,they
will help you,
There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here,In a word,a dishonest man
will be looked down upon by others and (be) regarded as a public enemy.
Part 5 Grammar
一 一般现在时一般现在时用原形动词表示，单数第三人称在其词尾加 s或 es。
一般现在时的用法如下：
1 用来表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作。一般现在时常与 always,usually,often,
sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。
I usually go to school at seven every morning.
2 表示主语通常具有的特征、性格、作风、习惯和能力等。
My grandfather gets up early and goes to bed late.
3 表示客观的事实或普遍的真理。
Water boils at 100℃,
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,
注意：
1 在表示时间或条件的状语从句中，通常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态。
I will tell him as soon as I see him.
I'll go to see you if I have time.
2 以 Here或 There开头的句子说明眼前正在发生的动作时，谓语动词却不能用现在进行时，只能用一般现在时
There goes the bell!
Here comes the teacher!
二 一般过去时一般过去时通常用来叙述过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作和状态。
一般过去时的用法如下：
1 用于表示过去某一时期或某一段时间发生的一次动作或主语当时所处的状态，
常与 yesterday,last night,a moment ago,in 1980等连用。
Did your father go to work early yesterday?
2 用于叙述过去一段时期内经常的或反复的行为，常与表示频度的时间状语
every day,always,often,sometimes等连用。
When I was in the middle school,I played football every day.
3 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表示过去将来时态的动作 。
He said he would tell her the good news when she came.
4 在虚拟语气条件从句中，用过去时态表示现在的时间或将来的时间。
If he was here now,he could help us,
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 add 2 square 3 repair 4 comfortable 5 cool 6 during
B 1 anything in between 2 is made of 3 repair the bike
4 keep our classroom clean 5 needs 6 change into
7 square table 8 put forward a problem
C (略 )
D 1—5 A C B D C
Unit 2 Suggested Keys
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 A C C C B 6-10 A D D C A 11-15 A D C A A
16-20 B C C A C
B 1 tells → told 2 works → work 3 work → works
4 dressed → dress 5 need → needs 6 wares → wears
7 costs → cost 8 is → was 9 knew → know 10 existed → exists
Unit 3 Friends
Part 1 dialogue
Charrie Green comes to visit Wang Lin on Saturday,
Wang Lin,Good afternoon,Charlie,Come in,Please.
Charrie Green,Good afternoon,Wang Lin.
Wang Lin,Did you come by bus or by taxi?
Charrie Green,By bus.
Wang Lin,It must be very crowded,A lot of people go out shopping or
visiting friends on weekend.
Charrie Green,Yes,you are right,It took me about twenty minutes to
catch a bus,Anyway,I’ve made it at last.
Wang Lin,Yes,Shall I make a cup of tea or a cup of coffee for you?
Charrie Green,Oh,thanks,I’d like a cup of coffee without milk.
Part 3 Reading
Friendship
What is the most important thing in life? This question has been asked by many
people,Some people say that money is the most important thing,Some say that power is,
But in my view,the most important thing is friendship,
In the world,some people are not happy although they are rich,And the poor
people are not always sad,This is really interesting,But why? I think some of the rich are
not happy because they live without friendship,
It is unimaginable to think of a world without friendship,That means we have to do
everything by ourselves,No one will share happiness with us,If we are in trouble,no one
can give us a hand,How can we be happy in such a lonely world?
But friendship makes things different,Friends will share everything with us,They
will help us to solve the difficulties and overcome whatever trouble we come across,If we
tell them our secrets,they won’t tell anyone else,They always try to make us happy,So
we can say friendship makes our life filled with sunshine,It brings meaning and bright
colour into our daily life,It can even make our classroom,dormitory,and school a home,
With friendship,we will always feel warm and happy,
Part 4 Reading Out
CHOOSING FRIENDS
A man who is careful in choosing friends will certainly
derive benefit from them,Why? Because there are more false
friends than real ones in this world,To have one real friend is
better than a hundred false ones,Friends who flatter you to your
face are not true friends.
We must make friends with those who have good character
and kindness of heart,On the other hand,we should do our best
to a void keeping company with bad people.
Part 5 Grammar
一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,通常有表示将来的时间状语。一般将来时有几种表示方法,
1 shall/will + 动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
She will come to see you the day after tomorrow.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2 be going to +不定式 表示将来。
1) 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
2) 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
3) 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.
3 be + 不定式 表将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4 be about to +不定式 意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意,be about to 不能与 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时也有几种表示方法,
1 由“助动词 would＋动词原形”构成，主语是第一人称时，可用
should代替 would。如：
He would leave here after he finished his work．
2 由,was ／ were going to ＋动词原形”构成，用来谈论已经安排好、
在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作。如：
He said he was going to speak at the meeting．
3 某些有“趋向性”含义的动词如 go,come,leave等，可用过去进行时来表示过去将来时。如：
He didn’t say when Ann was coming back to America．
注意：过去将来时常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
Unit 3 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
(A) 1 fill 2 shares 3 trouble 4 else 5 secret
6 different 7 Whatever 8 meaning 9 brightly 10 without
(B) 1 In my view 2 although 3 dormitory 4 unimaginable 5 lonely
(C) friendship overcome solve secrets sunshine brings daily
dormitory
(D) 1—5AABCD 6—10 DBBCD
Grammar Exercises
A,1.will 2.shall 3.Will 4.Shall 5.shall
6.will 7.will 8.will 9.shall 10.shall
B,1,shall take 2.Will you like 3.shall we meet
4.shall drive 5.shall pick 6.will leave
7.will not let 8.wil teach
C,1 would come 2 would become 3 would stop
4 would stay 5 would go 6 would visit
D 1 我不知道格林一家是否会来。
2 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
3 雨下得很大，但是他们谁也不肯停止干活。
4 如果下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。
5 她没有告诉我她将去哪。
6 比琳达说她下个星期天要去游览长城。
Unit 4 Famous People
Part 1 dialogue
Mr Brown wants to know something about Albert Einstein,He is asking Ms Liu
some relative questions.
Brown,Ms Liu,Do you know who is Albert Einstein?
Liu,Of course I do,Albert Einstein is one of the greatest physicists
in the world; he has contributed a lot to the development of
science,
Brown,Which country was he born in?
Liu,He was born in Germany,But he got an American nationality.
Brown,Have you heard of the theory of relativity? Is it his theory?
Liu,Yes,He has ever explained his theory like this,when you sit
with a beautiful girl for a long time,you will feel it is a minute;
but when you sit on a hot fire for a minute,you will feel it is a
long time,
Brown,It is very interesting.
Part 3 Reading
BILL GATES
If someone asks you who is the first richest man in the world,you must tell
him or her Bill Gates,after many years he is still one of the richest now.
Bill Gates was born on October 28,1955,He grew up in Seattle,Washington.
His father is a lawyer and his mother was a teacher,He was a very clever boy,His
favorite subjects at school were science and maths,When people asked him what
he wanted to be in the future,he always said,“Ascientist”.
At the age of 13 years old,he began to develop personal computer software,In
1973,Gates became a student of Harvard University,While he was at Harvard,he
developed a language for the personal computer,After he left Harvard,he started
a company with his friend Paul Allen,They believed that the personal computer
would become an important tool in every office and in every home,so they began
developing software for personal computers,They improved the software to make
it easier for people to use computers.
In 1999,Bill wrote a book called Business at the speed of Thought,In the
book he told people how computers could solve business problems in new
ways,It was one of the best-sellers on the New York Times list.
Bill was married on January 1,1994,to Melinda French,They have two
children,a daughter and a son,In his spare time,Bill enjoys reading very much,
He also enjoys playing golf and bridge,
Part 4 Reading Out
BOOKS
As is well known,books teach us to learn life,truth,science and
many other useful things,They increase our knowledge,broaden our
minds and strengthen our character,In other words,they are our good
teachers and wise friends,This is the reason why our parents always
encourage us to read more books.
Reading is a good thing,but we must pay great attention to the
choice of books,It is true that we can derive benefits from good books,
However,bad books will do us more harm than good.
Part 5 Grammar
一 现在完成时（ The Present Perfect Tense）
1 构成形式：助动词 have /has + 过去分词。
2 用法：
1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：
-----Have you had your lunch yet?
-----Yes,I have,I’ve just had it,（现在我不饿了。）
2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多时延续性动词。
例如：
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has taught us since I came to this school.
How long have you worked in this library?
可以和 already,never,ever,just,before,yet 等状语连用。例如：
I haven’t learned the word yet.
I’ve never been to that farm before.
注,have(has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：
Have(has) been 表示“曾经到过某地”,have(has) gone 表示“已经去某地了”。
例如：
Where has he been? （说明他已经回来了。）
Where has he gone？（说明他不在这里。）
二 过去完成时（ The Past Perfect Tense）
1 构成形式：助动词 had +过去分词。
2 用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用 by,before等构成的短语，也可用 when,before等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
例如：
We had reached the station before ten o’clock,
When I got there,you had already started playing,
He said he had never seen such an exciting match before,
Unit 4 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 improve 2 solve 3 married 4 university 5 lawyer
6 developing 7 personal 8 spare 9 favorite 10 company
B 1 New York Times 2 in their spare time 3 at the age of three
4 an important tool 5 improve spoken English 6 my favorite subject
7solve the problem 8 develop personal computer software
9 at the speed of 80 kilometers 10 Grew up
C (略 )
D 1C 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 B
E 1 C 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 D
Grammar Exercises
A 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 A 7A 8 C 9 B 10 A
11 B 12 C 13 B 14 C 15 D 16 D 17 A 18 D 19 A 20 B
B 1 had already died 2 has been ill 3 had landed
4 had come 5 left 6 were doing
7 have been built 8 will have been completed
9 will be doing 10 thought
Unit 5 Travel
Part 1 dialogue
Mr,Yu is checking in.
A,Good morning,Sir,May I help you?
B,Yes,I have a room booked with you,for five days starting today,
name of Yu- Y-u.
A,Thank you,Mr.Yu,please wait one moment while I check our
reservations list,(Pause) That’s Mr,David Yu,from Taipei?
B,Yes it is.
A,Mr,Yu,everything is OK,Your booking is from today through
Friday,Single room,Your room number is 505…… Here’s your
key.
B,Thank you.
A,You are welcome,Have a nice day,Mr,Yu.
Part 3 Reading
Disneyland
Disneyland,Florida,is the biggest amusement in the word; it was
opened on October 1,1971,Following it,Tokyo Disneyland opened in
Japan in 1983,Euro Disney opened in France in1992; Hong Kong Disney
world is bound to open this year.
The same company operates all the Disney parks,the workers have
very strict orders,they must wear clean shoes and clean trousers,and
the men are not allowed to have beards,If the workers have long hair,it
must be tied back,They always smile and are always friendly and polite
to visitors,The parks are the cleanest place that you can imagine,attract
people of most tastes and most income groups,and people of all ages,
From toddlers to grandpas,In Disneyland you can find all the
characters from Walt Disney’s films,such as Mickey-mouse and Donald-
duck and there are also expensive hotels,forests for horseback riding and
rivers for boating and some others places,but the main attraction of the
place is the magic kingdom
“Mick-key-mouse,Mick-key-mouse.” The chanting starts on the tram
before you can see the gates,Excited children pull their parents along
like a tugboat in the harbor,Picture-taking starts before people get inside
the gates,The words over the entry-tunnel read,“Here you leave today
and enter world of yesterday,tomorrow,and fantasy.” As they pass
through that tunnel,children stop whining and grumpy parents are
transformed,It’s Disneyland,and after fifty years,it’s still the happiest
place on earth,
Part 4 Reading Out
HOW TO GET HAPPINESS
There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the
world,Without it,life will be empty and meaningless,If you wish to know
how to get happiness,you must pay attention to the following two points.
First,health is the secret of happiness,Only a strong man can enjoy
the pleasure of life.
Secondly,happiness consists in contentment,A man who is dissatisfied
with his present condition is always in distress.
Part 5 Grammar
直接引语和间接引语 (direct speech and indirect speech)
我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思表述出来。如果是引用原话,被引用部分就是直接引语 (direct speech ),否则就是间接引语 (indirect speech)。例如,
直接引语,John said,“I’ m not free.”
间接引语,John said that he was not free.
直接引语一般用引号,,括起来,间接引语则在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语转换为间接引语其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等均要做相应的调整。如果引语原来是陈述句,在把它转换成间接引语时,我们要注意以下几点,
1 在引语的开头用连词 that (常可省略 )。
2 时态的调整 如果主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则去掉引号后从句时态不变化。
如果主句为一般过去时，则去掉引号后从句时态向前提一档。即“一般现在时”
调整为“一般过去时”；“现在进行时”调整为“过去进行时”；“一般将来时”
调整为“过去将来时”；“现在完成时”和“一般过去时”都调整为“过去完成时”。
3 人称、数、格要根据句意做相应的调整。
4 常见的时间状语的变化
now-----then yesterday----the day before tomorrow--- the next day
today-----that day tonight-----that night last week-----the week
before next week ----- the next week ago---before等。
5 地点状语的变化 here----there
如果在当地说话则地点状语不变。
6 指示代词的变化 this ----- that these ---- those
例如,
She said,“I need some paper.”
She said that she needed some paper.
She said,“I’m going to be here again tonight.”
She said that she was going to be there again that night.
注意：若引语表示的是客观真理，则仍用“一般将来时”； 若引语中有表示
“绝对过去的”时间状语，则“一般过去时”不用调整为“过去完成时”。
例如,
He said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
He said (that) the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
The teacher said,“Columbus discovered America in 1492.”
The teacher said Columbus discovered America in 1492.
如果引语原来是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，在转换成间接引语时,
不能用” that”来连接中从句，而用,whether” 或,if” 作为连词。并将语序改为陈述句语序。其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等的调整与陈述句相同。
例如,
He said to me,“Have you finished your homework?”
He asked me if I had finished my homework.
如果引语原来是特殊疑问句，必须使用原句中的疑问词连接主从句，并将语序改为陈述句语序。其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等的调整与陈述句相同。
例如,
The teacher asked,“Where did you find it,Mary?”
The teacher asked Mary where she had found it.
如果引语原来是祈使句时,则加,to”改为不定式短语，并根据意思将句中,said”改为
,tell,order,command,ask” 等。
例如,
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
He asked me to go there again the next day.
Unit 5 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 beards 2 taste 3 character 4 transformed
5 chanting 6 allow 7 harbor 8 friendly
B 1 Following it 2 strict orders 3 tied back
4 excited children 5 stopped crying
C (略 )
D 1-5 B C B B B
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 C B B A D 6-10 A B A B A
B (略 )
Unit 6 Environmental Protection
Part 1 dialogue
Tim is talking to Brown about a meeting about environmental protection.
Brown,What was the meeting like?
Tim,It was very interesting,It was called,Saving the Earth”
Brown,What did you do at the meeting?
Tim,We listened to lectures about environmental pollution,
Brown,It was a good idea to hold such meetings,I see,
Tim,Yes,If we go on polluting our earth,it won’t be fit for us to live on.
Brown,I agree with you,We have to do something.
Tim,yes,It certainly is.
Part 3 Reading
The Earth is in Danger
The area of desert in the world is growing every year,Many parts othe
world once had large populations and produced plenty of crops,but now
they have become deserts,For example,Dunhuang in China,deep in the
Gebi Desert,was once a great city.
Cattle are one cause of the problem,Farmers increase the number of
their cattle for farming,They do not want to kill any of the cattle,so the
cattle eat all the grass,If this continues for years,the grass will never
grows again and the land becomes desert.
Another problem is soil,Good soil is gradually lost,When trees are
cut down,there’s nothing to hold the soil on the hill,So when it rains,the
soil is washed down the hills and into the rivers.
Water pollution is caused by waste from factories and cities,Oceans
can clean themselves,but many seas are not able to do so once
they become dirty,One example is the Mediterranean,The shores of t
he Mediterranean are polluted and are no longer safe for swimming,as a
lot of diseases are in the water.
Lakes also have the same problems,Lake Baikal in Asia was once the
cleanest in the world,with over 7,000 different kinds of plant and animal
life,Now,the waters of the lake have been polluted from a chemical
factory.
Our earth is really in danger now,We must do something to stop the
pollution and save the earth,the only home we have.
Part 4 Reading Out
Power without Pollution
Pollution is a big problem in almost all the big cities of the world,City
people are,therefore,becoming more and more worried about how they
can get rid of pollution,They are also concerned about whether the
government is doing enough to protect the environment,However,people
in Ireland don't have these worries,They are sure that they have found the
answer to the problem,They use windmills,These windmills can create
power without creating pollution,This method is so successful that other
countries are thinking of doing the same,Why not? What works for Ireland
can work for any other country.
Part 5 Grammar
句子结构 （ sentence structure ）
1 句子成分
1) 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。在主动句中，主语通常是实施该行为的人或事，一般放在句子前面。名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、
短语或从句可作主语。注意：句子主语一般不能省略。
I love my mother,The book is mine.
3) 谓语动词或词组：谓语动词或词组一般放在主语之后。它通常表示主语的行为和状态。谓语由动词及后续成分担任。注意：谓语动词一般不省略。
John drives too fast,John is very tall.
John is going to Beijing tomorrow
4) 宾语：宾语是表示及物动词动作的对象。
She bought a cake yesterday,I met Lucy last night
5) 表语：表语是放在系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的。表语可由名词、
代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式或从句等担任。
The river is long,My mother is a teacher.
6) 状语：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。状语可由副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（状语）、从句等担任。
Tim works hard,
If you read more books,you can learn much knowledge.
7) 定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词、短语或从句。定语主要由形容词或与之相当的短语或从句担任。
Brown is a good student.
A man talking with Tim is a doctor.
2 句子的基本结构
1) 主 ——系 ——表
The man is a manager.
He looks fine.
2) 主 ——动 /谓 （动词通常是不及物动词）
Everyone laughed.
He can swim.
3) 主 ——动 /谓 ——宾 （动词通常是及物动词）
I want a new book.
His team won the game.
4) 主 ——动 ——宾 ——宾 （及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语）
He sent her a present the day before.
Lucy lent me her dictionary just now.
5) 主 ——动 ——宾 ——补 （及物动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补语）
We made him our monitor.
They elected him chairman.
Unit 6 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 produces 2 grow 3 population 4 soil 5 continued
6 dangerous 7 crops 8 cause 9 hold 10 gradually
B 1 Saving the Earth 2 polluting our earth
3 listened to a lecture 4 becomes desert
5 large populations
C 1 desert 2 produced 3 cause 4 grows
5 soil 6 cut down 7 rains 8 washed down
D 1B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C
E 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F
Grammar Exercises
A Gorge is cooking dinner tonight.
主 谓 状
Henry and Mark have visited the teacher.
主 谓 宾
Wecan eat lunch in the restaurant today.
主 谓 状
Trees grow
主 谓
It was raining at seven o’clock this morning.
主 谓 状
She opened an account at the bank.
主 谓 宾 状
Alex is washing TV.
主 谓 宾
She reads her book
主 谓 定 宾
Henry,Tim and Brown were talking about something a few minutes ago.
主 谓 状,
Betty is going to wash dishes.
主 谓 宾
B 1.主 ——系 ——表
2.主 ——系 ——表
3.主 ——谓
4.主 ——谓
5.主 ——谓 ——宾
6.主 ——谓 ——宾
7.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——宾
8.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——宾
9.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——补
10,主 ——谓
Unit 7 Weather
Part 1 dialogue
Li Ming is chatting with Wang Ping on the way home,
Li Ming,What’s the weather forecast for today?
Wang Ping,The radio says a cold front is coming,with strong wind
from the northwest,The high temperature during the day
will be two degrees centigrade.
Li Ming,What about tonight?
Wang Ping,Cold still,The temperature will drop to five below zero.
Li Ming,Hm,That’s awful,Winter in the north is so long and cold.
Wang Ping,Yes,But no matter whether we like it or not,we have to
adapt ourselves to it.
Li Ming,I agree.
Part 3 Reading
Four Seasons
There are four seasons in a year,They are spring,summer,autumn
and winter,
Spring is a delightful season,In spring the weather becomes gradually
warm,The fields are covered with green grass,The woods and forests are
filled with the songs of the birds,All living things in the world seem to
awaken from their long winter sleep,This is the time when we can begin to
wear lighter and more brightly colored clothes and go outdoors more often.
Summer is the hottest season of the year,Summer is the great season
for all sports in the open air,The days are long and the nights are short,The
sun always shines brightly,but sometimes it is cloudy with heavy clouds
and there are sudden storms,If it rains too much,floods occur,
Autumn is a nice time of the year,It is the harvest time,The crops are
gathered in and the fruits are picked in the orchards,The days get shorter
and the nights longer,The woods turn yellow and brown,leaves begin to
fall from the trees,and the ground is covered with them,The sky is blue
and people feel comfortable.
When winter comes,we have to spend more time indoors because it
is cold outside,Lakes and rivers are frozen,and the roads are sometimes
covered with ice or snow,The trees are bare,Bitter north winds blow and
people have to put on more clothes,I usually look forward to the Spring
Festival and the winter holidays.
Part 4 Reading Out
TO RISE EARLY
I do not know the reason why some people want to get up late,They
will never have the opportunity to enjoy the fresh air and calmness of the
morning,This is indeed a quite regrettable thing.
To rise early is a good habit that we should cultivate,Why? Because
the best time when we can pursue our studies is in the morning,In addition,
early rising is also good to our health,I hope that everybody knows the
reason why we must rise early.
Part 5 Grammar
不定式 (Infinitive)
1 概述不定式 (infinitive)是一种非限定性动词，具有动词特征，但同时又具有名词,
形容词和副词的功能。可以有自己的宾语或状语，并且不定式有时态的变化,
也有语态的变化。
2 不定式的构成一般形式,to + v.
否定形式,not + 不定式； never + 不定式
3 不定式的作用不定式除了不能单独做谓语以外，可以担任句子中的主语，宾语，补语，定语，状语等成分。
1) 做主语不定式可直接置于句首，担任主语。口语中，尤其是主语较长时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。
To know everything is to know nothing.
To master a foreign language well is not easy.
It is not easy to master a foreign language well,
2) 做表语
His wish is to be a doctor.
My plan is to finish writing the article in two days,
3) 做宾语
①直接跟“带 to的不定式”结构做宾语的动词，常见的有,decide,learn,
want,ask,wish,offer,promise,hope，等。
More and more people want to live in large cities.
He offered to help us.
② 跟“疑问词 +带 to的不定式”结构做宾语的动词，常见的有,decide,
learn,
find out,forget,know,remember等。
He will learn how to use the computer.
I don’t know what to do next.
4) 做定语 不定式做定语时，通常只能置于被修饰的词之后。
I have a lot of things to do.
I want to borrow some English books to read during the summer
vocation.
5) 做状语 不定式做状语时，修饰动词，形容词或副词等，表示目的，结果，原因，条件等。
He is very glad to hear the news.
He went to the airport to meet his parents.
He is too young to dress himself.
6) 做宾语补足语 有些动词在宾语之后还能跟不定式结构做宾补，这种“宾语
+不定式”结构是复合宾语的一种。在这一结构中，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。
常见这类动词,ask,allow,get,want,tell,invite等。
The teacher asked us to clean the classroom everyday.
I want you to type this letter now.
注：有些词 (make,let,have及 see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等 )之后不定式必须省略 to,但变被动语态时必须添加 to,
He saw someone move about in the dark.
Someone was seen to move about in the dark.
Unit 7 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 put on 2 comfortable 3 fill with 4 flood 5 looking forward to
6 is covered with 7 adapted to
B 1B 2B 3D 4C 5B 6A 7A 8C
C (略 ) D (略 ) E 1C 2C 3B 4B 5C
Grammar Exercises
A DBCBC AAADC CBADB
B 1 to meet them 2 to help him 3 has a lot of exercises to do
4 to go to school 5 to finish my homwork 6 too late to see her
7 something to eat 8 to give up smoking 9 to boat with me
10 to stay here for a week
Unit 8 Keeping Fit
Part 1 dialogue
Li Ming is talking about sports with Bill Jackson.
Li Ming,Of all sports,which do you like best?
Bill Jackson,Tennis is my favorite sport
Li Ming,I am not interested in tennis,I like table tennis,instead.
Bill Jackson,I think table tennis is too soft a game
Li Ming,But it’s one of the fastest moving games most Chinese like
it,Which is the most popular game in England,Bill?
Bill Jackson,Most English people seem to like football,I like football,too,
But…
Li Ming,But not so much as tennis.
Part 3 Reading
Sports
All over the world people enjoy sports,Sports help to keep people health
and happy,and to live longer,
Many people like to watch others play games,They buy tickets or turn on
their TVs to watch the games,Often they get very excited when,their” player
or team wins
Sports change with the seasons,People play difficult games in winter
and summer,Swimming is fun in warm weather,but skating is good in winter,
Sports and games often grow out of people’s work and everyday
activities,The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they
use them in their sports,too,It is the same with people in Xinjing and Inner
Mongolia in China,Millions of people hunt and fish for a living,but hunting
and fishing are very good sports,too,
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them,
Football,for example,is played around the world,Swimming is popular in all
countries near the sea or in those with many rivers,What fun it is to jump into
a pool or lake,whether in China,Australia or USA! And think of people in cold
countries,What fun it is to skate in Japan,Norway or Canada!
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years ago,like running
or jumping,Chinese wushu,for example,has a very long history,But
basketball and volleyball are rather new,Neither one is a hundred years old
yet,People are inventing new sports or games all the time,Water-skiing is
one of the newest in the family of sports.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each
other,but after a game together they often become good friends,Sports
help to train a person’s character,One learns to fight hard but fight fair,to
win without pride and to lose with grace,
Part 4 Reading Out
HOW EXERCISE HELPS
If our bodies are not strong,our spirit to do things will certainly be
quite dull,And at the same time,we are lack of energy (ies) to study,
Diseases will only attack the weak,but not the strong.
Why are our bodies not strong? Because we do not pay attention to
exercise,For this reason,we students must often ta ke different kinds of
exercise in the gym.
Exercise helps us strengthen our bodies and avoid disease,It also
teaches us cooperation,for most exercise is played by team.
Part 5 Grammar
一 动名词
1 概述动名词是非谓语动词的一种，除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的质，在句中要作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等。
2 动名词的构成动名词的肯定形式,v + ing
动名词的否定式,not + v + ing
3 动名词的用法动名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等
1）作主语
Walking is good for the health,
Finding work is not easy these days,
Seeing is believing,
提示,动名词作主语时，常用 it作形式主语，而把真正主语动名词后移。
例,It's nice talking with you,
It is no use telling him,he can’t help us,
It is no good only learning without practice.
2）作表语
His job is teaching.
My favorite sport is playing football.
3）作宾语作动词宾语 有些及物动词后常要用动名词作宾语。
常用的这类动词有,mind（介意）,enjoy（喜欢）,practise（练习），
advise（劝告）,finish（结束）,keep（保持）,consider（考虑）,avoid
（避免）等。
有些动词短语后常要用动名词作宾语，如 can't help （禁不住）,feel like (想要 ),give up (放弃 ),be used to(习惯于 )等。
例,Peter enjoys playing chess,
Would you mind my opening the window?
作介词宾语 介词之后的动词应以动名词的形式表示。
例,He left without saying anything,
4）作定语 动名词作定语要放在被修饰的名词前。
例,I saw her in the reading room yesterday,
The washing machine is new,
二 分词
1 概述英语中分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词是非谓语动词的一种，具有动词性质，可以有自己的宾语或状语，但同时又具有形容词和副词的功能。
2 分词的构成现在分词肯定形式,v + ing 现在分词否定形式,not + v + ing
过去分词肯定形式,v + ed 过去分词否定形式,not + v + ed
3 分词的用法
1) 作表语例,The film is moving.
The glass was broken.
2) 作定语例,China is a developing country,
It is a car made in Japan,
3) 作宾语补足语例,She watched the children playing games,
I found the door closed,
4) 作状语分词作状作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等。
例,Seeing the teacher coming in,we all stood up.
Some girls sat there laughing and chatting,
The little boy ran out of the room crying.
Unit 8 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 healthy 2 turn on 3 activities 4 change
5 think of 6 together 7 goes in for 8 went back to
B 1 It was so funny that everybody laughed
2 The weather was so cold that the children had to stay at home.
3 The car is so expensive that I can’t afford it,
4 The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it now.
5 He drove so carelessly that he had three accidents in one month.
C (略 ) D (略 )
E 1C 2C 3B 4D 5C
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 DBADD 6-10 BBAAC 11-15 DCBBC 16-20 ABBBB
B 1 getting 2 playing 3 repairing 4 help; (to)water 5,Repairing
6 writing 7 waiting 8 speaking 9 watching 10 going out
Unit 9 Finding a Job
Part 1 dialogue
Tim and Brown are talking about Brown’s sister who wants to find a job
Brown,My sister Lucy is going to graduate from the university in July.
Tim,What is her major?
Brown,English,
Tim,Has she found a job?
Brown,Not yet,
Tim,What should she do to find a job?
Brown,She read an advertisement in a newspaper,A company wants to
hire a translator,She has written a letter to that company.
Tim,That means she applies for the post?
Brown,Yes,She has to be interviewed some days later.
Tim,I hear that the interview is very important,I wish her a good luck.
Brown,Thank you.
Part 3 Reading My Friend’s First Job
My friend Tony has recently got a position at a large bank,He was very
satisfied with his job as a teller,He works very hard,One afternoon a man
came into the bank,The man stood in the doorway wiping his glasses with a
handkerchief,My friend asked if he could help him.
"You're right." He answered angrily,"Ever since I bought these glasses
here,I haven't been able to see a thing."
"Sir," Tony replied,"I believe you want to go to the optical store next
door."
The man put his glasses on,looked around the bank and said,"I've told
you
these glasses aren't any good."
Several days later,another unexpected thing took place,Tony discovered
that one of his fellow workers was stealing a large sum of money,He went to
the bank president directly and said,"Sir,Mr,Smith is robbing this bank of
thousands of dollars a day."
"Yes," said the president,"I know."
"You know? Then why don't you go ahead and fire him?"
"Fire him? We don't have enough money to do that," said the president,
"He's our biggest depositor."
These things took place during his first week at the bank,
WHERE THERE IS A WILL,THERE IS A WAY
The secret of success (The key to success) is not so much money as a
strong will,A great man is one who has a strong will and an indomitable
spirit,In other words,if a man does not have a strong will to win (get) the
final victory,he will never succeed in his life,He is no more than a failure.
It is quite obvious that there is no difficult thing (nothing difficult) in the
world,if you make up your mind to do it,you will certainly accomplish your
end,That stands to reason,
Part 4 Reading Out
Part 5 Grammar
主谓一致 （ subject-verb concord）
主谓一致指主语与谓语之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 一般来讲，主谓一致遵循以下三个原则。
1 语法一致：主谓之间的一致关系主要表现在数的形式上，如果主语在形式上是复数，谓语动词就用复数；如果主语在形式上是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词就用单数形式。
Every student comes on time,
Few people are really lazy.
2 概念一致：有时候主语和谓语之间的一致关系并非完全取决于数的形式，而是取决与主语的单复数意义。
The police have caught the thief.
Fifteen miles seems like a long way to me.
3 临近原则：有时候谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单复数形式。
Neither Tim nor I am going to the cinema.
Only one out of ten were here.
注意：主谓一致的指导原则在实际应用中往往受到习惯用法的制约。
１） 集合名词作主语 如表示整体概念，则用单数谓语形式；如表示成员则用复数谓语形式。例如：
The football team consists of 20 players.
The football team are having a bath now.
这部分常见的词有,class,army,group,club,team,public,family,staff,
company,audience,crowd等等。
有些集合名词总是跟复数谓语形式，如,people,cattle,folk,police等。
２）以 -s结尾的名词作主语 如果是疾病或游戏名称，作单数对待 ;如果是以 ics
结尾的学科名称，做单数对待,
Measles is a kind of disease.
Physics is an important subject.
如果是地理名称，而不是国家或统一的政治体，做复数
The West Indies are divided into two parts.
３） 并列名词作主语用 but….and/and 连接的并列结构做主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；
如果意义不是复数，是经常放在一起用的名词，作单数处理。
Fishing and hunting are good sports exercises.
Hams and eggs is a good breakfast.
由 or/nor/either…or/not only…but also 连接的并列结构作主语，随后动词通常按就近原则处理。
Either Lily or I am going to visit Mr,Zhang.
当主语后有 as well as,in addition to,with,rather than,more than 等引导的词组时，后面的动词取决于主语本身的形式。
The teacher with some students was singing on the stage.
Unit 9 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 took place 2 rob of 3 a sum of 4 replied
5 angrily 6 put on 7applied for 8 is ; satisfied with
B 1 allows herself to 2 in time 3 put on her shoes
4 is satisfied with his job 5 answering the phone calls
C (略 ) D 1C 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 A E,1 C2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C
Grammar Exercises
A,1 is 2 are 3 like 4 want 5 likes 6 are 7 is 8 is 9 is 10 is
B,1 were/ are 2 was/ is 3 has 4 is 5 are
Unit 10 Holidays
Part 1 dialogue
Mr Brown is very interested in Chinese festivals,He is asking Ms Liu
something about it.
Brown,Ms Liu,what is Mid-autumn Festival?
Liu,Mid-autumn Festival takes place on the 15th of the 8th month every
year according to Chinese lunar calendar,It is a day for family
reunion.
Brown,How do you celebrate Mid-autumn Festival?
Liu,We have a special kind of cake,It is called moon cake.
Brown,I see,I am told that it looks like moon,which symbolizes reunion,
right?
Liu,Yes,you are right,
Part 3 Reading
Christmas
In our family the most important holiday of the year is Christmas,We
have a tree,of course,It has many lights on,And we put up all the Christmas
cards we get round the room,We get 50 or 60 each Christmas,I think,Then on
Christmas morning we all get up quite early and open our stockings,Each of
us puts a stocking somewhere on Christmas Eve,and in the morning it has
many presents in it,I’m not sure whether my parents believe in Father
Christmas or not,but I sometimes think they actually want to believe in him.
The big meal of the day is a roast turkey and potatoes,We used to buy a
fresh turkey a day or two before Christmas,But now I usually buy a cheap one
some time in November and keep it until Christmas Eve,While I’m getting the
Christmas dinner ready,the children play with their new presents,or if it’s a
white Christmas,they go out and play in the snow.
We don’t usually go out anywhere on Christmas Day,For one thing,it’s
usually too cold,and there are few buses or trains,So we just stay at home,
watch television,eat and drink,
Part 4 Reading Out
THE CHINESE NEW YEAR
I like the Chinese New Year better than any other festival,This is a
time
especially for rest and joy,I need not study,I wear good clothes and eat
good food,I have a good time from morning till night,To be frank with
you,
I am as happy as a king.
The Chinese New Year lasts as long as fifteen days,It gives us more
pleasure than we have imagined,After that we have to resume our
normal
work,
Part 5 Grammar
定语从句（ attributive clause）
1 关系代词在从句中担任主语的限定性定语从句。如果修饰人，一般用关系代词
who; 如果修饰物，用关系代词 that或 which.
例如,The man who is speaking to my father is my teacher.
Have you seen the film that was on in the cinema last night.
注意,which和 that 指物时，一般没多少区别，但在下列情况下必须用 that:
1) 先行词有最高级形容词修饰时；
2) 先行词有序数词或表示“唯一”概念的形容词 (如 only,first,last等 )修饰时；
3) 先行词有不定代词 all,much,nothing等修饰或先行词本身就是不定代词时。
2 关系代词在从句中担任宾语的限定性定语从句。如果修饰人，一般用关系代词
whom或 that;如果修饰物，用关系代词 that或 which,
例如：
Is the man whom you are looking for a teacher?
Will you get me a book that I can read during the summer holidays?
关系代词在定语从句中担任宾语时常常可以省略，在口语中更是如此。例如：
Do you know the man Mary is talking to?
The film we saw yesterday is wonderful.
3 关系副词在从句中担任状语的限定性定语从句。关系副词有三个,when,where,
和 why,在句中一般表示时间状语，地点状语，和原因状语。
例如：
Is this the time when he usually runs along the street.
This is the place where we met each other for the first time.
The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that he caught a bad cold.
关系副词在定语从句中担任状语时常常可以省略，在口语中更是如此。例如：
This is the time he usually arrives
Unit 10 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 believe 2 sure 3 ready 4 want 5 keep
6 put up 7 whether 8 opened 9 holiday 10 presents
B 1 Christmas cards 2 Father Christmas 3 turkey and potatoes
4 their new presents 5 parents go out with their children
6 on Christmas Eve 7 on Christmas Day
8 are as important as Christmas
C (略 )
D 1D 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C
E 1 B 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 D
Grammar Exercises
A DCCBC BCBAB CACBB CDABA
B 1 speak →speaks 2 are → is 3 which →that 4 which → that
5 where → which 6 which → that 7 it 去掉 8 needs →need
9 which → where 10 it 去掉
REVISION 1
A 1-5 BCCBA 6-10 ABCCB 11-15 ABCCA 16-20 ACABA
B 1 paid for 2 looked around 3 picked up 4 had been in trouble
5 pick up 6 used to 7 prefer to 8 share with
9 are looking forward to 10 have taken place
C (略 )
D BEADFGHC
E 1A 2B 3B 4A 5B
REVISION 2
A 1-5 BAABB 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 BBBBB 16-20 BAABA
B 1 decide 2 business 3 share 4 comfortable
5 afford 6 essential 7 impossible 8 impression
9 confident 10 crowded
C 1 looking after children 2 reading more
3 It is the teacher that/who 4 It was a week ago that
5 I shall try my best 6 what will happen tomorrow
7 in your spare time 8 will take part in the Olympic in 2008
D 1A 2B 3D 4C 5E
E 1C 2A 3C 4C 5B
ISBN 7-5084-3992-9
内容提要本教材是依据中等职业学校英语教学大纲编写而成。可供中等职业学校学生使用，也可供英语爱好者自学使用。
本书话题涉及城市问题、旅游、健康、环保、求职、名人等各方面，题材新颖，时代感强。教材提供了一些应用性的训练，
可引导学生进行英语的学习和交际。
本书为双色印刷,版式精美,图文并茂,是一本融知识性,
趣味性,使用性为一体的好教材 。
Unit 1 Introductions and Greetings
Part 1 dialogue
Mr,Gates introduces his wife to Mr,Zhang.
Mr,Gates,Hello,Mr,Zhang!
Mr,Zhang,Hello,Mr,Gates! Haven’t seen you for ages.
Mr,Gates,You haven’t met my wife yet,have you? Her name’s Alice,
Honey,this is my Chinese friend,Mr,Zhang.
Mrs,Bates,Hello,Mr,Zhang,My husband often talks about you.
Mr,Zhang,Nice to meet you,How do you like the life here?
Mrs,Bates,Not too bad.
Mr,Zhang,If you need my help,please call me or send text message,My
mobile number is 13369298098.
Mrs,Bates,Oh,It’s very kind of you.
Mr,Zhang,You’re welcome.
Part 3 Reading
Different ways of Introducing and Greeting
Each country or society has its own culture,its own customs and habits,and
its own ways of doing things,
You should pay attention to several things when introducing two people,The
formal and polite way is to introduce younger people to old people,a man to a
woman,a person in a lower position to a person in a higher,and someone you
know well to someone you know less well.
“How do you do?” is to greet someone for the first time on formal occasions,It
is not a question,but a greeting.,Glad to meet you” and,Pleased to meet you” are
used to greet someone,too,If you run into a friend or someone you have met,you
can say,Hello,Nice to meet you again.”
In starting a conversation with a stranger,you may not ask,“How old are you?,
or,How much do you earn a month?” But you may talk about weather,clothing and
sports,These topics are safe,You will not offend anyone.
In China,people often greet each other by asking,“Have you eaten?” But
in English-speaking countries,to ask the same question would mean to invite the
other person to join him or her for a meal,Chinese people also often greet each
other by asking,“Where are you going?” But if you said this to an English-
speaking person,especially someone you do not know very well,he or she might
think you are rather,nosy”,or they might say,“It’s none of your business.”
Social customs differ so much from country to country,so the important
thing is to understand that different people have different customs.
Part 4 Reading out
THE VALUE OF TIME
An English proverb says that time is money,I consider it wrong,
Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but cannot in
any way get back time,For this reason,we may say that time is more
valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time,It is indeed a great pity,
We must keep in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
Part 5 Grammar
现在进行时和过去进行时
1 现在进行时构成,am / is / are + v-ing
2 现在进行时的基本用法
1) 表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（如 now,at this
moment等），或通过 Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻的动作正在进行。
She is making a fire now.
Look,he is sleeping in the office.
2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
They are planting trees on the hill these days.
She is working on a paper these days.
3) 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。能这样用的动词并不多，通常是 arrive,begin,
come,do,drive,fly,go,leave,stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.
Where are you staying in Guangzhou?
二 过去进行时
1过去进行时构成,was / were + v-ing
2过去进行时的基本用法
1) 表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生。
I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.
She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
2)表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
We were talking about you the whole morning.
He was watching TV at home from 8:00 to 9:00 this morning.
3) 表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
He told me that he was going soon.
She said she was leaving for New York the next month.
He wanted to know when she was coming.
Unit 1 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A
1 to offend 2 attention 3 topic 4 nosy
5 introduce 6 habits 7 has earned 8 business
B
1 近况如何？
2 你觉得这里的生活怎么样?
3 你（入学以来）觉得学校生活怎样？
4 你过得怎么样？
5 好久不见。
6 不错。就是有时有点儿想家。
7 请允许我自我介绍。
8 我能荣幸地把您介绍给王先生？
9 真没想到会遇见你。
10 我想你没有见过我的中学同学李红
C 1 This is a foreign guest of our company,Mr,Parker.
2 How do you like the life here?
3 It’s great fun.
4 Have some fruit,
5 and make yourself at home.
D 1 In starting a conversation
2 differ so much
3 on formal occasions
4 will not offend anyone
5 its own customs and habits.
6 a person in a lower position to a person in a higher.
7 pay attention to
8 rather,nosy”,It’s none of your business.
9 will send text messages
10You’re welcome.
E 1 T 2 T 3 Ｆ ４ Ｔ ５ T 6 Ｆ
Grammar Exercises
A 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 D
9 A 10 C 11C 12B 13 B 14 A 15 D
B 1 is falling 2 was changing 3 is thinking of
4 was standing 5 are doing 6 was snowing
7 is jumping 8 was having
Unit 2 Housing
Part 1 dialogue
Ben has moved into a new house,Sue and Ben are talking about Ben's
new house.
Sue,Hi,Ben,How are you?
Ben,Hello,Sue,I'm fine,thank you.
Sue,I haven't seen you for a long time,Where have you been?
Ben,We bought a new house last month.
Sue,So you have moved into your new house.
Ben,Yes,you are quite right.
Sue,What is it like?
Ben,It's made of stone,It's got a square shape,and it is nice looking.
Sue,How many floors does it have?
Ben,One floor,but it's got enough rooms for all of us.
Sue,Do you like living in it?
Ben,Yes,I like my new house because I have my own bedroom now.
Part 3 Reading
Housing
There are many different kinds of house in the world,They can be large or
small,old or modern,or anything in between,Many houses are square and a few
are round,Some houses have only one floor,and others have two or more,Most
houses are made of concrete,wood,stone,or bricks.
Many old houses need a lot of repair work,Sometimes the owners only
repair the house,Other times they need to design and build a new kitchen or
bathroom in it,or even add a whole new floor,
A few people are not happy with any of these houses,These people buy old
buildings,such as old banks,churches,schools,or gas stations,They spend a lot
of time and money changing these old buildings into homes,so they can say,“My
home is different.”
People are buying old buildings and changing them into homes,A woman in
San Francisco changed an old wooden church into a home,A man in New England
bought an old bank and changed it into a home,One family of nine in Illinois wanted
a small house for the summer,They bought a small farm building and changed it into
a comfortable house for the summer,They put new windows on the sides,The
windows keep the little house cool during the hot summer,They also put in a kitchen,
a bathroom,and stairs,On the second floor,they put in two small bedrooms,On the
first floor,they put in another bedroom,Now all 9 people say they are living
comfortably in their small summer house.
Part 4 Reading out
HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY
There is an English proverb,which says (saying),Honesty is the best policy.” It
signifies the importance of honesty.
What are the benefits of honesty? If you are honest to others,they will be honest
to you in return,When you are sad,they will comfort you,When you are in trouble,they
will help you,
There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here,In a word,a dishonest man
will be looked down upon by others and (be) regarded as a public enemy.
Part 5 Grammar
一 一般现在时一般现在时用原形动词表示，单数第三人称在其词尾加 s或 es。
一般现在时的用法如下：
1 用来表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作。一般现在时常与 always,usually,often,
sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。
I usually go to school at seven every morning.
2 表示主语通常具有的特征、性格、作风、习惯和能力等。
My grandfather gets up early and goes to bed late.
3 表示客观的事实或普遍的真理。
Water boils at 100℃,
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,
注意：
1 在表示时间或条件的状语从句中，通常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态。
I will tell him as soon as I see him.
I'll go to see you if I have time.
2 以 Here或 There开头的句子说明眼前正在发生的动作时，谓语动词却不能用现在进行时，只能用一般现在时
There goes the bell!
Here comes the teacher!
二 一般过去时一般过去时通常用来叙述过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作和状态。
一般过去时的用法如下：
1 用于表示过去某一时期或某一段时间发生的一次动作或主语当时所处的状态，
常与 yesterday,last night,a moment ago,in 1980等连用。
Did your father go to work early yesterday?
2 用于叙述过去一段时期内经常的或反复的行为，常与表示频度的时间状语
every day,always,often,sometimes等连用。
When I was in the middle school,I played football every day.
3 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表示过去将来时态的动作 。
He said he would tell her the good news when she came.
4 在虚拟语气条件从句中，用过去时态表示现在的时间或将来的时间。
If he was here now,he could help us,
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 add 2 square 3 repair 4 comfortable 5 cool 6 during
B 1 anything in between 2 is made of 3 repair the bike
4 keep our classroom clean 5 needs 6 change into
7 square table 8 put forward a problem
C (略 )
D 1—5 A C B D C
Unit 2 Suggested Keys
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 A C C C B 6-10 A D D C A 11-15 A D C A A
16-20 B C C A C
B 1 tells → told 2 works → work 3 work → works
4 dressed → dress 5 need → needs 6 wares → wears
7 costs → cost 8 is → was 9 knew → know 10 existed → exists
Unit 3 Friends
Part 1 dialogue
Charrie Green comes to visit Wang Lin on Saturday,
Wang Lin,Good afternoon,Charlie,Come in,Please.
Charrie Green,Good afternoon,Wang Lin.
Wang Lin,Did you come by bus or by taxi?
Charrie Green,By bus.
Wang Lin,It must be very crowded,A lot of people go out shopping or
visiting friends on weekend.
Charrie Green,Yes,you are right,It took me about twenty minutes to
catch a bus,Anyway,I’ve made it at last.
Wang Lin,Yes,Shall I make a cup of tea or a cup of coffee for you?
Charrie Green,Oh,thanks,I’d like a cup of coffee without milk.
Part 3 Reading
Friendship
What is the most important thing in life? This question has been asked by many
people,Some people say that money is the most important thing,Some say that power is,
But in my view,the most important thing is friendship,
In the world,some people are not happy although they are rich,And the poor
people are not always sad,This is really interesting,But why? I think some of the rich are
not happy because they live without friendship,
It is unimaginable to think of a world without friendship,That means we have to do
everything by ourselves,No one will share happiness with us,If we are in trouble,no one
can give us a hand,How can we be happy in such a lonely world?
But friendship makes things different,Friends will share everything with us,They
will help us to solve the difficulties and overcome whatever trouble we come across,If we
tell them our secrets,they won’t tell anyone else,They always try to make us happy,So
we can say friendship makes our life filled with sunshine,It brings meaning and bright
colour into our daily life,It can even make our classroom,dormitory,and school a home,
With friendship,we will always feel warm and happy,
Part 4 Reading Out
CHOOSING FRIENDS
A man who is careful in choosing friends will certainly
derive benefit from them,Why? Because there are more false
friends than real ones in this world,To have one real friend is
better than a hundred false ones,Friends who flatter you to your
face are not true friends.
We must make friends with those who have good character
and kindness of heart,On the other hand,we should do our best
to a void keeping company with bad people.
Part 5 Grammar
一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,通常有表示将来的时间状语。一般将来时有几种表示方法,
1 shall/will + 动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
She will come to see you the day after tomorrow.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2 be going to +不定式 表示将来。
1) 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
2) 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
3) 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.
3 be + 不定式 表将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4 be about to +不定式 意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意,be about to 不能与 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时也有几种表示方法,
1 由“助动词 would＋动词原形”构成，主语是第一人称时，可用
should代替 would。如：
He would leave here after he finished his work．
2 由,was ／ were going to ＋动词原形”构成，用来谈论已经安排好、
在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作。如：
He said he was going to speak at the meeting．
3 某些有“趋向性”含义的动词如 go,come,leave等，可用过去进行时来表示过去将来时。如：
He didn’t say when Ann was coming back to America．
注意：过去将来时常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
Unit 3 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
(A) 1 fill 2 shares 3 trouble 4 else 5 secret
6 different 7 Whatever 8 meaning 9 brightly 10 without
(B) 1 In my view 2 although 3 dormitory 4 unimaginable 5 lonely
(C) friendship overcome solve secrets sunshine brings daily
dormitory
(D) 1—5AABCD 6—10 DBBCD
Grammar Exercises
A,1.will 2.shall 3.Will 4.Shall 5.shall
6.will 7.will 8.will 9.shall 10.shall
B,1,shall take 2.Will you like 3.shall we meet
4.shall drive 5.shall pick 6.will leave
7.will not let 8.wil teach
C,1 would come 2 would become 3 would stop
4 would stay 5 would go 6 would visit
D 1 我不知道格林一家是否会来。
2 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
3 雨下得很大，但是他们谁也不肯停止干活。
4 如果下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。
5 她没有告诉我她将去哪。
6 比琳达说她下个星期天要去游览长城。
Unit 4 Famous People
Part 1 dialogue
Mr Brown wants to know something about Albert Einstein,He is asking Ms Liu
some relative questions.
Brown,Ms Liu,Do you know who is Albert Einstein?
Liu,Of course I do,Albert Einstein is one of the greatest physicists
in the world; he has contributed a lot to the development of
science,
Brown,Which country was he born in?
Liu,He was born in Germany,But he got an American nationality.
Brown,Have you heard of the theory of relativity? Is it his theory?
Liu,Yes,He has ever explained his theory like this,when you sit
with a beautiful girl for a long time,you will feel it is a minute;
but when you sit on a hot fire for a minute,you will feel it is a
long time,
Brown,It is very interesting.
Part 3 Reading
BILL GATES
If someone asks you who is the first richest man in the world,you must tell
him or her Bill Gates,after many years he is still one of the richest now.
Bill Gates was born on October 28,1955,He grew up in Seattle,Washington.
His father is a lawyer and his mother was a teacher,He was a very clever boy,His
favorite subjects at school were science and maths,When people asked him what
he wanted to be in the future,he always said,“Ascientist”.
At the age of 13 years old,he began to develop personal computer software,In
1973,Gates became a student of Harvard University,While he was at Harvard,he
developed a language for the personal computer,After he left Harvard,he started
a company with his friend Paul Allen,They believed that the personal computer
would become an important tool in every office and in every home,so they began
developing software for personal computers,They improved the software to make
it easier for people to use computers.
In 1999,Bill wrote a book called Business at the speed of Thought,In the
book he told people how computers could solve business problems in new
ways,It was one of the best-sellers on the New York Times list.
Bill was married on January 1,1994,to Melinda French,They have two
children,a daughter and a son,In his spare time,Bill enjoys reading very much,
He also enjoys playing golf and bridge,
Part 4 Reading Out
BOOKS
As is well known,books teach us to learn life,truth,science and
many other useful things,They increase our knowledge,broaden our
minds and strengthen our character,In other words,they are our good
teachers and wise friends,This is the reason why our parents always
encourage us to read more books.
Reading is a good thing,but we must pay great attention to the
choice of books,It is true that we can derive benefits from good books,
However,bad books will do us more harm than good.
Part 5 Grammar
一 现在完成时（ The Present Perfect Tense）
1 构成形式：助动词 have /has + 过去分词。
2 用法：
1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：
-----Have you had your lunch yet?
-----Yes,I have,I’ve just had it,（现在我不饿了。）
2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多时延续性动词。
例如：
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has taught us since I came to this school.
How long have you worked in this library?
可以和 already,never,ever,just,before,yet 等状语连用。例如：
I haven’t learned the word yet.
I’ve never been to that farm before.
注,have(has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：
Have(has) been 表示“曾经到过某地”,have(has) gone 表示“已经去某地了”。
例如：
Where has he been? （说明他已经回来了。）
Where has he gone？（说明他不在这里。）
二 过去完成时（ The Past Perfect Tense）
1 构成形式：助动词 had +过去分词。
2 用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用 by,before等构成的短语，也可用 when,before等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
例如：
We had reached the station before ten o’clock,
When I got there,you had already started playing,
He said he had never seen such an exciting match before,
Unit 4 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 improve 2 solve 3 married 4 university 5 lawyer
6 developing 7 personal 8 spare 9 favorite 10 company
B 1 New York Times 2 in their spare time 3 at the age of three
4 an important tool 5 improve spoken English 6 my favorite subject
7solve the problem 8 develop personal computer software
9 at the speed of 80 kilometers 10 Grew up
C (略 )
D 1C 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 B
E 1 C 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 D
Grammar Exercises
A 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 A 7A 8 C 9 B 10 A
11 B 12 C 13 B 14 C 15 D 16 D 17 A 18 D 19 A 20 B
B 1 had already died 2 has been ill 3 had landed
4 had come 5 left 6 were doing
7 have been built 8 will have been completed
9 will be doing 10 thought
Unit 5 Travel
Part 1 dialogue
Mr,Yu is checking in.
A,Good morning,Sir,May I help you?
B,Yes,I have a room booked with you,for five days starting today,
name of Yu- Y-u.
A,Thank you,Mr.Yu,please wait one moment while I check our
reservations list,(Pause) That’s Mr,David Yu,from Taipei?
B,Yes it is.
A,Mr,Yu,everything is OK,Your booking is from today through
Friday,Single room,Your room number is 505…… Here’s your
key.
B,Thank you.
A,You are welcome,Have a nice day,Mr,Yu.
Part 3 Reading
Disneyland
Disneyland,Florida,is the biggest amusement in the word; it was
opened on October 1,1971,Following it,Tokyo Disneyland opened in
Japan in 1983,Euro Disney opened in France in1992; Hong Kong Disney
world is bound to open this year.
The same company operates all the Disney parks,the workers have
very strict orders,they must wear clean shoes and clean trousers,and
the men are not allowed to have beards,If the workers have long hair,it
must be tied back,They always smile and are always friendly and polite
to visitors,The parks are the cleanest place that you can imagine,attract
people of most tastes and most income groups,and people of all ages,
From toddlers to grandpas,In Disneyland you can find all the
characters from Walt Disney’s films,such as Mickey-mouse and Donald-
duck and there are also expensive hotels,forests for horseback riding and
rivers for boating and some others places,but the main attraction of the
place is the magic kingdom
“Mick-key-mouse,Mick-key-mouse.” The chanting starts on the tram
before you can see the gates,Excited children pull their parents along
like a tugboat in the harbor,Picture-taking starts before people get inside
the gates,The words over the entry-tunnel read,“Here you leave today
and enter world of yesterday,tomorrow,and fantasy.” As they pass
through that tunnel,children stop whining and grumpy parents are
transformed,It’s Disneyland,and after fifty years,it’s still the happiest
place on earth,
Part 4 Reading Out
HOW TO GET HAPPINESS
There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the
world,Without it,life will be empty and meaningless,If you wish to know
how to get happiness,you must pay attention to the following two points.
First,health is the secret of happiness,Only a strong man can enjoy
the pleasure of life.
Secondly,happiness consists in contentment,A man who is dissatisfied
with his present condition is always in distress.
Part 5 Grammar
直接引语和间接引语 (direct speech and indirect speech)
我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思表述出来。如果是引用原话,被引用部分就是直接引语 (direct speech ),否则就是间接引语 (indirect speech)。例如,
直接引语,John said,“I’ m not free.”
间接引语,John said that he was not free.
直接引语一般用引号,,括起来,间接引语则在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语转换为间接引语其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等均要做相应的调整。如果引语原来是陈述句,在把它转换成间接引语时,我们要注意以下几点,
1 在引语的开头用连词 that (常可省略 )。
2 时态的调整 如果主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则去掉引号后从句时态不变化。
如果主句为一般过去时，则去掉引号后从句时态向前提一档。即“一般现在时”
调整为“一般过去时”；“现在进行时”调整为“过去进行时”；“一般将来时”
调整为“过去将来时”；“现在完成时”和“一般过去时”都调整为“过去完成时”。
3 人称、数、格要根据句意做相应的调整。
4 常见的时间状语的变化
now-----then yesterday----the day before tomorrow--- the next day
today-----that day tonight-----that night last week-----the week
before next week ----- the next week ago---before等。
5 地点状语的变化 here----there
如果在当地说话则地点状语不变。
6 指示代词的变化 this ----- that these ---- those
例如,
She said,“I need some paper.”
She said that she needed some paper.
She said,“I’m going to be here again tonight.”
She said that she was going to be there again that night.
注意：若引语表示的是客观真理，则仍用“一般将来时”； 若引语中有表示
“绝对过去的”时间状语，则“一般过去时”不用调整为“过去完成时”。
例如,
He said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
He said (that) the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
The teacher said,“Columbus discovered America in 1492.”
The teacher said Columbus discovered America in 1492.
如果引语原来是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，在转换成间接引语时,
不能用” that”来连接中从句，而用,whether” 或,if” 作为连词。并将语序改为陈述句语序。其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等的调整与陈述句相同。
例如,
He said to me,“Have you finished your homework?”
He asked me if I had finished my homework.
如果引语原来是特殊疑问句，必须使用原句中的疑问词连接主从句，并将语序改为陈述句语序。其时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词等的调整与陈述句相同。
例如,
The teacher asked,“Where did you find it,Mary?”
The teacher asked Mary where she had found it.
如果引语原来是祈使句时,则加,to”改为不定式短语，并根据意思将句中,said”改为
,tell,order,command,ask” 等。
例如,
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
He asked me to go there again the next day.
Unit 5 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 beards 2 taste 3 character 4 transformed
5 chanting 6 allow 7 harbor 8 friendly
B 1 Following it 2 strict orders 3 tied back
4 excited children 5 stopped crying
C (略 )
D 1-5 B C B B B
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 C B B A D 6-10 A B A B A
B (略 )
Unit 6 Environmental Protection
Part 1 dialogue
Tim is talking to Brown about a meeting about environmental protection.
Brown,What was the meeting like?
Tim,It was very interesting,It was called,Saving the Earth”
Brown,What did you do at the meeting?
Tim,We listened to lectures about environmental pollution,
Brown,It was a good idea to hold such meetings,I see,
Tim,Yes,If we go on polluting our earth,it won’t be fit for us to live on.
Brown,I agree with you,We have to do something.
Tim,yes,It certainly is.
Part 3 Reading
The Earth is in Danger
The area of desert in the world is growing every year,Many parts othe
world once had large populations and produced plenty of crops,but now
they have become deserts,For example,Dunhuang in China,deep in the
Gebi Desert,was once a great city.
Cattle are one cause of the problem,Farmers increase the number of
their cattle for farming,They do not want to kill any of the cattle,so the
cattle eat all the grass,If this continues for years,the grass will never
grows again and the land becomes desert.
Another problem is soil,Good soil is gradually lost,When trees are
cut down,there’s nothing to hold the soil on the hill,So when it rains,the
soil is washed down the hills and into the rivers.
Water pollution is caused by waste from factories and cities,Oceans
can clean themselves,but many seas are not able to do so once
they become dirty,One example is the Mediterranean,The shores of t
he Mediterranean are polluted and are no longer safe for swimming,as a
lot of diseases are in the water.
Lakes also have the same problems,Lake Baikal in Asia was once the
cleanest in the world,with over 7,000 different kinds of plant and animal
life,Now,the waters of the lake have been polluted from a chemical
factory.
Our earth is really in danger now,We must do something to stop the
pollution and save the earth,the only home we have.
Part 4 Reading Out
Power without Pollution
Pollution is a big problem in almost all the big cities of the world,City
people are,therefore,becoming more and more worried about how they
can get rid of pollution,They are also concerned about whether the
government is doing enough to protect the environment,However,people
in Ireland don't have these worries,They are sure that they have found the
answer to the problem,They use windmills,These windmills can create
power without creating pollution,This method is so successful that other
countries are thinking of doing the same,Why not? What works for Ireland
can work for any other country.
Part 5 Grammar
句子结构 （ sentence structure ）
1 句子成分
1) 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。在主动句中，主语通常是实施该行为的人或事，一般放在句子前面。名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、
短语或从句可作主语。注意：句子主语一般不能省略。
I love my mother,The book is mine.
3) 谓语动词或词组：谓语动词或词组一般放在主语之后。它通常表示主语的行为和状态。谓语由动词及后续成分担任。注意：谓语动词一般不省略。
John drives too fast,John is very tall.
John is going to Beijing tomorrow
4) 宾语：宾语是表示及物动词动作的对象。
She bought a cake yesterday,I met Lucy last night
5) 表语：表语是放在系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的。表语可由名词、
代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式或从句等担任。
The river is long,My mother is a teacher.
6) 状语：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。状语可由副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（状语）、从句等担任。
Tim works hard,
If you read more books,you can learn much knowledge.
7) 定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词、短语或从句。定语主要由形容词或与之相当的短语或从句担任。
Brown is a good student.
A man talking with Tim is a doctor.
2 句子的基本结构
1) 主 ——系 ——表
The man is a manager.
He looks fine.
2) 主 ——动 /谓 （动词通常是不及物动词）
Everyone laughed.
He can swim.
3) 主 ——动 /谓 ——宾 （动词通常是及物动词）
I want a new book.
His team won the game.
4) 主 ——动 ——宾 ——宾 （及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语）
He sent her a present the day before.
Lucy lent me her dictionary just now.
5) 主 ——动 ——宾 ——补 （及物动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补语）
We made him our monitor.
They elected him chairman.
Unit 6 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 produces 2 grow 3 population 4 soil 5 continued
6 dangerous 7 crops 8 cause 9 hold 10 gradually
B 1 Saving the Earth 2 polluting our earth
3 listened to a lecture 4 becomes desert
5 large populations
C 1 desert 2 produced 3 cause 4 grows
5 soil 6 cut down 7 rains 8 washed down
D 1B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C
E 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F
Grammar Exercises
A Gorge is cooking dinner tonight.
主 谓 状
Henry and Mark have visited the teacher.
主 谓 宾
Wecan eat lunch in the restaurant today.
主 谓 状
Trees grow
主 谓
It was raining at seven o’clock this morning.
主 谓 状
She opened an account at the bank.
主 谓 宾 状
Alex is washing TV.
主 谓 宾
She reads her book
主 谓 定 宾
Henry,Tim and Brown were talking about something a few minutes ago.
主 谓 状,
Betty is going to wash dishes.
主 谓 宾
B 1.主 ——系 ——表
2.主 ——系 ——表
3.主 ——谓
4.主 ——谓
5.主 ——谓 ——宾
6.主 ——谓 ——宾
7.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——宾
8.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——宾
9.主 ——谓 ——宾 ——补
10,主 ——谓
Unit 7 Weather
Part 1 dialogue
Li Ming is chatting with Wang Ping on the way home,
Li Ming,What’s the weather forecast for today?
Wang Ping,The radio says a cold front is coming,with strong wind
from the northwest,The high temperature during the day
will be two degrees centigrade.
Li Ming,What about tonight?
Wang Ping,Cold still,The temperature will drop to five below zero.
Li Ming,Hm,That’s awful,Winter in the north is so long and cold.
Wang Ping,Yes,But no matter whether we like it or not,we have to
adapt ourselves to it.
Li Ming,I agree.
Part 3 Reading
Four Seasons
There are four seasons in a year,They are spring,summer,autumn
and winter,
Spring is a delightful season,In spring the weather becomes gradually
warm,The fields are covered with green grass,The woods and forests are
filled with the songs of the birds,All living things in the world seem to
awaken from their long winter sleep,This is the time when we can begin to
wear lighter and more brightly colored clothes and go outdoors more often.
Summer is the hottest season of the year,Summer is the great season
for all sports in the open air,The days are long and the nights are short,The
sun always shines brightly,but sometimes it is cloudy with heavy clouds
and there are sudden storms,If it rains too much,floods occur,
Autumn is a nice time of the year,It is the harvest time,The crops are
gathered in and the fruits are picked in the orchards,The days get shorter
and the nights longer,The woods turn yellow and brown,leaves begin to
fall from the trees,and the ground is covered with them,The sky is blue
and people feel comfortable.
When winter comes,we have to spend more time indoors because it
is cold outside,Lakes and rivers are frozen,and the roads are sometimes
covered with ice or snow,The trees are bare,Bitter north winds blow and
people have to put on more clothes,I usually look forward to the Spring
Festival and the winter holidays.
Part 4 Reading Out
TO RISE EARLY
I do not know the reason why some people want to get up late,They
will never have the opportunity to enjoy the fresh air and calmness of the
morning,This is indeed a quite regrettable thing.
To rise early is a good habit that we should cultivate,Why? Because
the best time when we can pursue our studies is in the morning,In addition,
early rising is also good to our health,I hope that everybody knows the
reason why we must rise early.
Part 5 Grammar
不定式 (Infinitive)
1 概述不定式 (infinitive)是一种非限定性动词，具有动词特征，但同时又具有名词,
形容词和副词的功能。可以有自己的宾语或状语，并且不定式有时态的变化,
也有语态的变化。
2 不定式的构成一般形式,to + v.
否定形式,not + 不定式； never + 不定式
3 不定式的作用不定式除了不能单独做谓语以外，可以担任句子中的主语，宾语，补语，定语，状语等成分。
1) 做主语不定式可直接置于句首，担任主语。口语中，尤其是主语较长时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。
To know everything is to know nothing.
To master a foreign language well is not easy.
It is not easy to master a foreign language well,
2) 做表语
His wish is to be a doctor.
My plan is to finish writing the article in two days,
3) 做宾语
①直接跟“带 to的不定式”结构做宾语的动词，常见的有,decide,learn,
want,ask,wish,offer,promise,hope，等。
More and more people want to live in large cities.
He offered to help us.
② 跟“疑问词 +带 to的不定式”结构做宾语的动词，常见的有,decide,
learn,
find out,forget,know,remember等。
He will learn how to use the computer.
I don’t know what to do next.
4) 做定语 不定式做定语时，通常只能置于被修饰的词之后。
I have a lot of things to do.
I want to borrow some English books to read during the summer
vocation.
5) 做状语 不定式做状语时，修饰动词，形容词或副词等，表示目的，结果，原因，条件等。
He is very glad to hear the news.
He went to the airport to meet his parents.
He is too young to dress himself.
6) 做宾语补足语 有些动词在宾语之后还能跟不定式结构做宾补，这种“宾语
+不定式”结构是复合宾语的一种。在这一结构中，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。
常见这类动词,ask,allow,get,want,tell,invite等。
The teacher asked us to clean the classroom everyday.
I want you to type this letter now.
注：有些词 (make,let,have及 see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等 )之后不定式必须省略 to,但变被动语态时必须添加 to,
He saw someone move about in the dark.
Someone was seen to move about in the dark.
Unit 7 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 put on 2 comfortable 3 fill with 4 flood 5 looking forward to
6 is covered with 7 adapted to
B 1B 2B 3D 4C 5B 6A 7A 8C
C (略 ) D (略 ) E 1C 2C 3B 4B 5C
Grammar Exercises
A DBCBC AAADC CBADB
B 1 to meet them 2 to help him 3 has a lot of exercises to do
4 to go to school 5 to finish my homwork 6 too late to see her
7 something to eat 8 to give up smoking 9 to boat with me
10 to stay here for a week
Unit 8 Keeping Fit
Part 1 dialogue
Li Ming is talking about sports with Bill Jackson.
Li Ming,Of all sports,which do you like best?
Bill Jackson,Tennis is my favorite sport
Li Ming,I am not interested in tennis,I like table tennis,instead.
Bill Jackson,I think table tennis is too soft a game
Li Ming,But it’s one of the fastest moving games most Chinese like
it,Which is the most popular game in England,Bill?
Bill Jackson,Most English people seem to like football,I like football,too,
But…
Li Ming,But not so much as tennis.
Part 3 Reading
Sports
All over the world people enjoy sports,Sports help to keep people health
and happy,and to live longer,
Many people like to watch others play games,They buy tickets or turn on
their TVs to watch the games,Often they get very excited when,their” player
or team wins
Sports change with the seasons,People play difficult games in winter
and summer,Swimming is fun in warm weather,but skating is good in winter,
Sports and games often grow out of people’s work and everyday
activities,The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they
use them in their sports,too,It is the same with people in Xinjing and Inner
Mongolia in China,Millions of people hunt and fish for a living,but hunting
and fishing are very good sports,too,
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them,
Football,for example,is played around the world,Swimming is popular in all
countries near the sea or in those with many rivers,What fun it is to jump into
a pool or lake,whether in China,Australia or USA! And think of people in cold
countries,What fun it is to skate in Japan,Norway or Canada!
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years ago,like running
or jumping,Chinese wushu,for example,has a very long history,But
basketball and volleyball are rather new,Neither one is a hundred years old
yet,People are inventing new sports or games all the time,Water-skiing is
one of the newest in the family of sports.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each
other,but after a game together they often become good friends,Sports
help to train a person’s character,One learns to fight hard but fight fair,to
win without pride and to lose with grace,
Part 4 Reading Out
HOW EXERCISE HELPS
If our bodies are not strong,our spirit to do things will certainly be
quite dull,And at the same time,we are lack of energy (ies) to study,
Diseases will only attack the weak,but not the strong.
Why are our bodies not strong? Because we do not pay attention to
exercise,For this reason,we students must often ta ke different kinds of
exercise in the gym.
Exercise helps us strengthen our bodies and avoid disease,It also
teaches us cooperation,for most exercise is played by team.
Part 5 Grammar
一 动名词
1 概述动名词是非谓语动词的一种，除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的质，在句中要作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等。
2 动名词的构成动名词的肯定形式,v + ing
动名词的否定式,not + v + ing
3 动名词的用法动名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等
1）作主语
Walking is good for the health,
Finding work is not easy these days,
Seeing is believing,
提示,动名词作主语时，常用 it作形式主语，而把真正主语动名词后移。
例,It's nice talking with you,
It is no use telling him,he can’t help us,
It is no good only learning without practice.
2）作表语
His job is teaching.
My favorite sport is playing football.
3）作宾语作动词宾语 有些及物动词后常要用动名词作宾语。
常用的这类动词有,mind（介意）,enjoy（喜欢）,practise（练习），
advise（劝告）,finish（结束）,keep（保持）,consider（考虑）,avoid
（避免）等。
有些动词短语后常要用动名词作宾语，如 can't help （禁不住）,feel like (想要 ),give up (放弃 ),be used to(习惯于 )等。
例,Peter enjoys playing chess,
Would you mind my opening the window?
作介词宾语 介词之后的动词应以动名词的形式表示。
例,He left without saying anything,
4）作定语 动名词作定语要放在被修饰的名词前。
例,I saw her in the reading room yesterday,
The washing machine is new,
二 分词
1 概述英语中分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词是非谓语动词的一种，具有动词性质，可以有自己的宾语或状语，但同时又具有形容词和副词的功能。
2 分词的构成现在分词肯定形式,v + ing 现在分词否定形式,not + v + ing
过去分词肯定形式,v + ed 过去分词否定形式,not + v + ed
3 分词的用法
1) 作表语例,The film is moving.
The glass was broken.
2) 作定语例,China is a developing country,
It is a car made in Japan,
3) 作宾语补足语例,She watched the children playing games,
I found the door closed,
4) 作状语分词作状作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等。
例,Seeing the teacher coming in,we all stood up.
Some girls sat there laughing and chatting,
The little boy ran out of the room crying.
Unit 8 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 healthy 2 turn on 3 activities 4 change
5 think of 6 together 7 goes in for 8 went back to
B 1 It was so funny that everybody laughed
2 The weather was so cold that the children had to stay at home.
3 The car is so expensive that I can’t afford it,
4 The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it now.
5 He drove so carelessly that he had three accidents in one month.
C (略 ) D (略 )
E 1C 2C 3B 4D 5C
Grammar Exercises
A 1-5 DBADD 6-10 BBAAC 11-15 DCBBC 16-20 ABBBB
B 1 getting 2 playing 3 repairing 4 help; (to)water 5,Repairing
6 writing 7 waiting 8 speaking 9 watching 10 going out
Unit 9 Finding a Job
Part 1 dialogue
Tim and Brown are talking about Brown’s sister who wants to find a job
Brown,My sister Lucy is going to graduate from the university in July.
Tim,What is her major?
Brown,English,
Tim,Has she found a job?
Brown,Not yet,
Tim,What should she do to find a job?
Brown,She read an advertisement in a newspaper,A company wants to
hire a translator,She has written a letter to that company.
Tim,That means she applies for the post?
Brown,Yes,She has to be interviewed some days later.
Tim,I hear that the interview is very important,I wish her a good luck.
Brown,Thank you.
Part 3 Reading My Friend’s First Job
My friend Tony has recently got a position at a large bank,He was very
satisfied with his job as a teller,He works very hard,One afternoon a man
came into the bank,The man stood in the doorway wiping his glasses with a
handkerchief,My friend asked if he could help him.
"You're right." He answered angrily,"Ever since I bought these glasses
here,I haven't been able to see a thing."
"Sir," Tony replied,"I believe you want to go to the optical store next
door."
The man put his glasses on,looked around the bank and said,"I've told
you
these glasses aren't any good."
Several days later,another unexpected thing took place,Tony discovered
that one of his fellow workers was stealing a large sum of money,He went to
the bank president directly and said,"Sir,Mr,Smith is robbing this bank of
thousands of dollars a day."
"Yes," said the president,"I know."
"You know? Then why don't you go ahead and fire him?"
"Fire him? We don't have enough money to do that," said the president,
"He's our biggest depositor."
These things took place during his first week at the bank,
WHERE THERE IS A WILL,THERE IS A WAY
The secret of success (The key to success) is not so much money as a
strong will,A great man is one who has a strong will and an indomitable
spirit,In other words,if a man does not have a strong will to win (get) the
final victory,he will never succeed in his life,He is no more than a failure.
It is quite obvious that there is no difficult thing (nothing difficult) in the
world,if you make up your mind to do it,you will certainly accomplish your
end,That stands to reason,
Part 4 Reading Out
Part 5 Grammar
主谓一致 （ subject-verb concord）
主谓一致指主语与谓语之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 一般来讲，主谓一致遵循以下三个原则。
1 语法一致：主谓之间的一致关系主要表现在数的形式上，如果主语在形式上是复数，谓语动词就用复数；如果主语在形式上是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词就用单数形式。
Every student comes on time,
Few people are really lazy.
2 概念一致：有时候主语和谓语之间的一致关系并非完全取决于数的形式，而是取决与主语的单复数意义。
The police have caught the thief.
Fifteen miles seems like a long way to me.
3 临近原则：有时候谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单复数形式。
Neither Tim nor I am going to the cinema.
Only one out of ten were here.
注意：主谓一致的指导原则在实际应用中往往受到习惯用法的制约。
１） 集合名词作主语 如表示整体概念，则用单数谓语形式；如表示成员则用复数谓语形式。例如：
The football team consists of 20 players.
The football team are having a bath now.
这部分常见的词有,class,army,group,club,team,public,family,staff,
company,audience,crowd等等。
有些集合名词总是跟复数谓语形式，如,people,cattle,folk,police等。
２）以 -s结尾的名词作主语 如果是疾病或游戏名称，作单数对待 ;如果是以 ics
结尾的学科名称，做单数对待,
Measles is a kind of disease.
Physics is an important subject.
如果是地理名称，而不是国家或统一的政治体，做复数
The West Indies are divided into two parts.
３） 并列名词作主语用 but….and/and 连接的并列结构做主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；
如果意义不是复数，是经常放在一起用的名词，作单数处理。
Fishing and hunting are good sports exercises.
Hams and eggs is a good breakfast.
由 or/nor/either…or/not only…but also 连接的并列结构作主语，随后动词通常按就近原则处理。
Either Lily or I am going to visit Mr,Zhang.
当主语后有 as well as,in addition to,with,rather than,more than 等引导的词组时，后面的动词取决于主语本身的形式。
The teacher with some students was singing on the stage.
Unit 9 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 took place 2 rob of 3 a sum of 4 replied
5 angrily 6 put on 7applied for 8 is ; satisfied with
B 1 allows herself to 2 in time 3 put on her shoes
4 is satisfied with his job 5 answering the phone calls
C (略 ) D 1C 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 A E,1 C2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C
Grammar Exercises
A,1 is 2 are 3 like 4 want 5 likes 6 are 7 is 8 is 9 is 10 is
B,1 were/ are 2 was/ is 3 has 4 is 5 are
Unit 10 Holidays
Part 1 dialogue
Mr Brown is very interested in Chinese festivals,He is asking Ms Liu
something about it.
Brown,Ms Liu,what is Mid-autumn Festival?
Liu,Mid-autumn Festival takes place on the 15th of the 8th month every
year according to Chinese lunar calendar,It is a day for family
reunion.
Brown,How do you celebrate Mid-autumn Festival?
Liu,We have a special kind of cake,It is called moon cake.
Brown,I see,I am told that it looks like moon,which symbolizes reunion,
right?
Liu,Yes,you are right,
Part 3 Reading
Christmas
In our family the most important holiday of the year is Christmas,We
have a tree,of course,It has many lights on,And we put up all the Christmas
cards we get round the room,We get 50 or 60 each Christmas,I think,Then on
Christmas morning we all get up quite early and open our stockings,Each of
us puts a stocking somewhere on Christmas Eve,and in the morning it has
many presents in it,I’m not sure whether my parents believe in Father
Christmas or not,but I sometimes think they actually want to believe in him.
The big meal of the day is a roast turkey and potatoes,We used to buy a
fresh turkey a day or two before Christmas,But now I usually buy a cheap one
some time in November and keep it until Christmas Eve,While I’m getting the
Christmas dinner ready,the children play with their new presents,or if it’s a
white Christmas,they go out and play in the snow.
We don’t usually go out anywhere on Christmas Day,For one thing,it’s
usually too cold,and there are few buses or trains,So we just stay at home,
watch television,eat and drink,
Part 4 Reading Out
THE CHINESE NEW YEAR
I like the Chinese New Year better than any other festival,This is a
time
especially for rest and joy,I need not study,I wear good clothes and eat
good food,I have a good time from morning till night,To be frank with
you,
I am as happy as a king.
The Chinese New Year lasts as long as fifteen days,It gives us more
pleasure than we have imagined,After that we have to resume our
normal
work,
Part 5 Grammar
定语从句（ attributive clause）
1 关系代词在从句中担任主语的限定性定语从句。如果修饰人，一般用关系代词
who; 如果修饰物，用关系代词 that或 which.
例如,The man who is speaking to my father is my teacher.
Have you seen the film that was on in the cinema last night.
注意,which和 that 指物时，一般没多少区别，但在下列情况下必须用 that:
1) 先行词有最高级形容词修饰时；
2) 先行词有序数词或表示“唯一”概念的形容词 (如 only,first,last等 )修饰时；
3) 先行词有不定代词 all,much,nothing等修饰或先行词本身就是不定代词时。
2 关系代词在从句中担任宾语的限定性定语从句。如果修饰人，一般用关系代词
whom或 that;如果修饰物，用关系代词 that或 which,
例如：
Is the man whom you are looking for a teacher?
Will you get me a book that I can read during the summer holidays?
关系代词在定语从句中担任宾语时常常可以省略，在口语中更是如此。例如：
Do you know the man Mary is talking to?
The film we saw yesterday is wonderful.
3 关系副词在从句中担任状语的限定性定语从句。关系副词有三个,when,where,
和 why,在句中一般表示时间状语，地点状语，和原因状语。
例如：
Is this the time when he usually runs along the street.
This is the place where we met each other for the first time.
The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that he caught a bad cold.
关系副词在定语从句中担任状语时常常可以省略，在口语中更是如此。例如：
This is the time he usually arrives
Unit 10 Suggested Keys
Comprehensive Exercises
A 1 believe 2 sure 3 ready 4 want 5 keep
6 put up 7 whether 8 opened 9 holiday 10 presents
B 1 Christmas cards 2 Father Christmas 3 turkey and potatoes
4 their new presents 5 parents go out with their children
6 on Christmas Eve 7 on Christmas Day
8 are as important as Christmas
C (略 )
D 1D 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C
E 1 B 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 D
Grammar Exercises
A DCCBC BCBAB CACBB CDABA
B 1 speak →speaks 2 are → is 3 which →that 4 which → that
5 where → which 6 which → that 7 it 去掉 8 needs →need
9 which → where 10 it 去掉
REVISION 1
A 1-5 BCCBA 6-10 ABCCB 11-15 ABCCA 16-20 ACABA
B 1 paid for 2 looked around 3 picked up 4 had been in trouble
5 pick up 6 used to 7 prefer to 8 share with
9 are looking forward to 10 have taken place
C (略 )
D BEADFGHC
E 1A 2B 3B 4A 5B
REVISION 2
A 1-5 BAABB 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 BBBBB 16-20 BAABA
B 1 decide 2 business 3 share 4 comfortable
5 afford 6 essential 7 impossible 8 impression
9 confident 10 crowded
C 1 looking after children 2 reading more
3 It is the teacher that/who 4 It was a week ago that
5 I shall try my best 6 what will happen tomorrow
7 in your spare time 8 will take part in the Olympic in 2008
D 1A 2B 3D 4C 5E
E 1C 2A 3C 4C 5B
