1 No free lunch for the bugs, No free lunch for us either. Let us serve the bugs before bugs serve us better. ? EBc l ￡ 3t) ?￥'à Q ? 3?Q?? ?D$ 2 ?B? l ￡￥z 3t) ??  3t) ? ± 3t￥??}? ??}?± 3t?V??ìa?  |?!té YV 3t ?b?￥ˉ 3?Q?8 =?é?t é???D￥V?b s3}?s3ˉ?!té?3ú ???t ¤ ?  ??}?YVB" ￥ 3?Q?|?!té? 1ˉ￥%?s8?/1 &b 3 ?t?3 ê ￡? V$± 3tYV ?￥b?T¨7é? 3t?DM?￥t é?1?téb V 3t?3μt μt￥?3? V 3t?3?t  ?μ￥?í￥ V 3t ?¨té ??}? ??}? ]?T¨ s3}? s?T¨ ˉtés31e?té e?té??1ˉté  l ?  db ?  ? }? té}? ? ?ì ? ?F"51 "EFOPTJOF5SJQIPTQIBUF ".1 ￣11"%1 ￣11"51 "%1 ?? 3?"51 "51 ￡3á 3 ?  ? ???t ú ???t "51 "%1 ?? ?  3 ?31 %?? ￡ ? db "%1 ?? ;? ?? ?t ￡ ü ?? è0.? ?? ? ?? 4 ± 3t￥? B M 3t H Y?é?"?  àμ? ü àμ 3  ? T¨￥ 3tC` ? T¨?? 3 ? D%??a  ? 3  ?a?[ ￡ ? T db YV? T¨ˉμt???1e?té ? T¨V?? l?]?ò??!té ± 3t￥? ?? ± 3t￥? ·± 3t | ? ￥ 3 ?? ? z?  ? ? ?￥?ta?át￥?] ?Q?V??￥K? s _8￥?] 1!?± 3t í? s!?± 3t ?? ? s _8￥?]s1 5 z? z? ^?!téé ?z± 3t%aYVB"  ??eQ?¤ ? ￥V?b μs0?D￥ 3t?Q?￥K? s _8 ^s0b ?t?￥ _$? _ ??iV?t???ó￡ ? ? _8] Hbè0? ? ?¨?tb￥è03 ???V?t??￥ _2?? ￡b /"% 1 ???Fw=? ? ? z? V? Lé  ^? _??M2?￥V?b? V??] Hb ? b Gz± 3t￥ ???]$ ?￥?t?]?á t9?]bz? μs!?± 3t?1!?± 3t ?b + +? HHPNADPNAD )()( H2+ H2? 1.s!?± 3t s!?± 3t[μt1?t è08 ??át1=? a?? ￡?ít] Hb ? b ?/ T ? U s± 3t? Vs1? ?s± 3t?; ?s± 3t ? ?s± 3t?μtá 3?D ?7¤ ? ￥± 3tb ; ?s± 3t[;1 ?÷[μt1 _8?e CO 2 ?? μt￥B ? ± 3tb μl ￡￥z 3t) ? ??ê CEa 3t Eaê C￥z h?? ???? ??￥? b kJOHCOOOHC 3.2817666 2226126 ++→+ ? +++→++ ++ 422272911 131114 NHOHCOHONOHC 6 2.1!?± 3t 1!?± 3t[ít1?t è08 ??át9 ^í t] Hb ? b ? +→+ 4222 2 SOHOSH ? +++→+ +?+ OHHNOONH 2324 22 v?? @ê ￡??ê ￡ ?i? T ? U￥ 3?Q? 3t??y\?￥ 3tb?V? ; ?1!± 3t 31;§;T ?÷G L8 =￥;?T¨ ? í??μtb CO 2 +H 2 O [CH 2 O] O 2 ? ?1!± 3t ? ?1!± 3t? ! ? í? ?é?;?T¨??μt ?3 ￥ ?  ?1? NH 3 aH 2 S?ítb ; = s í  ? ^ís0 0  ￥ f ?/é?￥ 3t?b  ± 3toμ? _ ?"d àμ? ?"db? V ???t?￥ _$? _ ??V?t??/ ?￥ _ü￡ ?.?ó"[?￥μtít P ?eb  ? ￥ s _8? ^s0b ? V???t ??T?K?át? ^=?? ￡7 ^Bt?e ? ?te?￥??tb????t?cμM?￥ ? # db ? ? b ?μê C￥ h?V??á 3￥J? ^cμM? ? ￥ V ? 8b  ? ?Q?V??￥K? s _8￥?] Vs1?? ?í? b  ? 7 1.?? · _8? s _8? ^μ??t￥ 3t?T¨K ? s _8í3?Fü ^ _8￥s3át μtb ?? 3t?T¨?T?K???￥?e?át ^ 1e ??te?￥μtQ?V?? db￥1? ?? # ± 3té? 3 ?V??1  ?@ ? ￥ 31h{￥?t11z± 3t￥b è ? ?$??￥V? 9Q? T ][42 36126 HCOCOOHCHOHC +→ CHOCHCOCOCOOHCH 323 222 +→ OHCHCHCHOCHH 233 22][4 →+ kJCOOHCHCHOHC 0.9222 2236126 ++→ í? ^·[í?t ?/0   /0   40   4  0   $0  ?} 9s0T1K? s _8￥ 3t?T¨b Qb?T¨? s _81/0  V¨/ T ? U 9Q? T í? V?? _8? s _8-W931% ? í??W è0.?8i? ?μ ??T¨?t V$T?? ? ¤[ s) db#í? 9á 3?￥ ? ¨? 3 ?b???μ t ?  ?"è0MàK? s _8?# db￥ ? ? ?z? ￥b ][2466 226126 HCOOHOHC +→+ OHNNOH 223 1224][24 +→+ ↑? kJNOHCONOOHC 6.17552664 22236126 +++→+ ↑? 8 z? aí? a?? ??? Z T¤￥ ?  ￡ ü?] ?/V ? Ub $  )  $  1$0  $)  $)  0) L+μt?? ?  ?¨ q $  )  $  /0   1$0  )  0 /  ? L+ ítí? $  )  0  0  1 $0  )  0 L+ s0z? ?  ?¨ q ?DQ? T s _8? Z T z 3t) ? ^μ3 ? s0i￥Hq/z± 3t?3 μt P ×?aí]?￥) ?ZEb± 3t ?¨l ￡?i￥μê ? t [ ·3D?8￥1?T1?!÷é?z}?b?tú ?ê￥ μtéüVB" ￥ 3?Q??) db ? K?[? ?ê￥íté ×?/ ?r?í]?￥1 p[LRí1 ?ìaéB?)?b l ￡z 3t) ?￥K?V? V¨m U l ￡￥z 3t) ? m UV üμt$± 3t  | aYV}???μ ?s- B$s3a×?i4  3 ? ? ?3￥ ?  ?μ ?s-= $???1?￥e 3é % é'é?± 3t1 & 3é N2b 9 z 3t) ?￥Q? ?? y ?3￥Q? HW ? #) ?yt ??lb O) ?V?? ? ?￥ ? b ?[ " -?a? i￥μ l ￡? a BOD 5 il? 500mg/L￥μl ￡' ?¨z 3t) ?Eb l ￡) ?y??z 3t) ?Eμ?ê C E? 3t E v ?b l ￡￥z 3t) ? l ￡￥  3t) ? ^ àμ3 ?i￥Hq/Y?% )D % ) ?3?×?μt￥ 3t) ?ZEb  3t) ?V??ˉ￥μ??t $?3a?1e?￥??t] H db ? b ??V??μt￥?s1 ??sé??s?1 CH 4 ? ^B ? V ? 8 Ví l ?¨ ?μ?s $s31 CO 2 aH 2 OaNH 3 aH 2 S?í ti1%??4 ?    μt$?a??1?￥e 3é￥ F??sb???  μt¨?? ?#M?z 3t) ?E ê C9é ql¤b ??l ￡  3t) ?V??3 6F÷#?n¨?bN? ?? μ :?ê C   Ví l ?  CH 4 ?a?b ?1 ?? ^Q? ?? ¤Q? HW?é) ?yt ?v?b1?? ?ú￥Q? ?3???ú￥?ü1h{ ?÷b ?μê C?ú iμl ￡ B? BOD 5 ?2000mg/L V?¨  3t ) ?Eb l ￡￥  3t) ? 10 ?=? ± 3t￥ 3é? p? 3éìa ± 3t￥ 3é? p ± 3t￥ 3é? pB? ^[ 3é wL ?Q? ?± 3t 3é ? q  3é Vs1 1? 3é ù Tì ù ?? ù  ? ù 3é? 9 ù á? ù ü? ù ? o ù ?§ ù 11 ?T?ê C$¤??De ? 3éHq?]￥l ￡? ?! ??? 3M ?ê C ?!ú?¨ ê ￡) ?ìy#??a?5 V ? CTì ùb?? f ?/ê C3üV ?? HW￥Tìa? ? a??￥l ￡ V ? o ??ˉ??è ?bTì ù ^?iTì ù￥é D¤? ?ê C￥ ? al ￡?éa 3éHq?y íμ1b ?l ￡?μt iú O ?!Hq aR5?ê C V ?) ? 3é ùb)? ? 3é ù￥ê Cà `??μ?s ? ??_ ? A??￥3 ?% )?A??a  aA$cμt i?ú? <??? ^¨ r?V r H r ?? ¤b ?ê ￡?μt i??ê C i?ú Hê C5μ V ?)?á? ù )?á? ù￥?ê Cà `?z?A??a aA b?[ r?V r H r ? yb) ?rTz￥?ê CEyt?ê C)?á? ùb ?ê ￡?μt i???!t üA?@ H5 V ?C ? o ùb)? ? o ù￥ê C ? ???? ?z?A??a  bA b??μ%l C ?[ r?V r H r ? yb?i??á q" ??4?á q" ?b Tì ù  ? ù á? ù ? o ù ê ￡ 3t) ?V?? ?THq aR?ê C￥9é V?DB??%± 3t￥92V?v8M_b????ê C ^?± 3t￥? ?8  3é sl ￡?éa ia ￡ ?aQ)a ·3??ìay í￥?YyN) ?y t?Yè?C 3é wL?￥ Ba=?¨ b)??]¨ H￥ê C +???v￥ uYb l ￡ 3t) ??± 3 t ^B?? ?8 ? ì9μ B?￥ 3é? pbμt H[μt1 J ￥% )] a ] ? K ?% )? HC[% )1 J ￥e 3 ?t 7aC[% )#e 3 ?t1 J ￥a 3?t ?m  ? Ub 12 ± 3t1 p￥?!téA? ? F?%￥ò?e ?á 3 ?  ￥té?1μ ￡a í?! ÷a? í?!÷aí÷# 3é y íb ± 3t￥ 3éìa ? Y ± 3 t 3 é ￥ ì a y í ± 3t￥?! ? pH ′ ·3 μyté ± 3t￥F? ± 3t F? ￡ 80 ?té 20 íé 10 μt 90 C:53.1%,O:28.3%, N12.4%,H:6.2% P:50%,S:15%,Na:11%,Ca :9%,Mg:8%K:6%,Fe:1%? %s0 T C 5 H 7 O 2 N(μ?s ) %s0 T C 60 H 87 O 23 N 12 P( I n ) B? ??!1 è BOD?N?P "100 ?5 ?1 13 1. ￡F??s}?V?￥ ·4 .% )? 80%￥?s1 ￡sb 2.÷ íc ]%?té￥ 50 P·÷?1?± 3 t%￥cté?ó± 3t 3éaN2?? ?31￥ ? B?ê ￡?cμ@÷b 3.?÷4± 3t??%?aé￥té 4.íí í?1μ a ;aKaáa ??#± í íT ¨?%?sa ?￥F??s?? ?￥?a?? 1iaa 41!?± 3t￥ ?÷b ? ?a ?a ATP? ;?aéF??sz ;% ) ?÷ K ? á×?%C ? ? ?= s í￥×1F?? s 5. 3éy í? ?a?aéa? 3 í? ± 3t￥?! ò ?± 3t ? 3é￥?S??] ?1 5￥j80￥b N?S? Vs1K? 3é?a Kú 3é?a?K a 3é? ^· ± 3t 3é ?Kú H?b G± 3t a?￥?S?± 3t V [s1???  20￥j45￥az ￡ ? ú??  45￥[   ?z ??  ???  20￥[/  ? ?b ???VKú 3é? H? P± 3t￥?aéá ?M?# ?"d%? ? ê7 >?×? V P± 3t μ§b ??? P± 3t}? ???é7 )? 3éN2T? ?? ˉ i  3  ?b ± 3t￥ 3éìa ? Y ± 3 t 3 é ￥ ì a y í ± 3t￥?! ? pH ′ ·3 μyté 14 ?]￥± 3tμ?]￥Q)′ a?S ?b % )abL )a( ??e 3?t￥Q) ′ a?S? ^j-Wb v ?% ) aR??? êa? Q)" j￥ìab l ￡ 3t) ?V??? ?K aQ)S ?b ?l ￡￥Q)′M??v H? !?? ?y Pé ?Q?  ? ÷ y￥l ￡ ?? a￥Q)′S?b ± 3t￥ 3éìa ? Y ± 3 t 3 é ￥ ì a y í ± 3t￥?! ? pH ′ ·3 μyté ± 3t￥ 3éìa ? Y ± 3 t 3 é ￥ ì a y í ·3 ^?Y 3t) ?rT￥ ×1y íb z± 3t) ?￥ ·3B? [jNH-1Rb ± 3t￥?! ? pH ′ ·3 μyté 15 ± 3t￥ 3éìa ? Y ± 3 t 3 é ￥ ì a y í y<l ￡?μ Hi"± 3t μ ]?? ê]￥?Dté? ?téá ì? -μytéb y]T¨?1VC%￥?è2% ? ?ê[# )8 =￥ ?Méi > ? ?b l ￡ 3t) ? H?tμyté?? F e??yt i￥ ?S?31  8sb ± 3t￥?! ? pH ′ ·3 μyté ? ?? Q? ??Q?) ? 16 Q?  ?? Q?  ?? 17 3t?DQ? ^B?[ 3t ?1b?4￥?DQ?b ê ￡ 3t) ?? | ì9 ^7/? a￥ìaHq ?¤? ?￥Q? ?b 3?Q?? ?D " -￥ù? = ? ?t?3 ? qD?t ia 3t aìay í?Z ?￥1" ± 3t9é ? qD?t ia 3t aìay í? Z ?￥1" Q? ?ù?VQ?tV?át ?ü ?￥o? 3?Q?? ?D 3 ? Q ? ? ? D  ?  è K1 IAWQ ASM2 ? 18  3?Q??Q? ? ^·?ê HW ú?t￥h  aK?át￥9F %￥9F bl ￡ 3t) ?? ^[?ê HW ú?t￥h % ￥9F ?V U 3?Q? ?b m?￥ 3?Q? V[¨/ TV U ' ? TQ? ?th  ? q?%9é ? q-W￥1" ^l ￡ 3t) ??ù ? 3?Q?V?￥B?×1? pb Q? ? [] [] ? ? ? ? ? ? =? dt Xd ydt Sd 1 [ ] []Sd Xd y = PzXyS ?+?→ [] [ ] ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= dt Sd y dt Xd # T?Q?" ? ??á q" ?NH 3t NH ? 3￥?tb LV üQ? ?DB?Q?t"￥ i5 " ??1 H?? ?Q???Q?t ^B)Q?b LV üQ? ?D=?Q?t"a#￥ i5 " a5 # ??1 HDB?Q?t"￥ i5 " ￥ üZ5 "  ??1 H??? Q?1=)Q?b LV üQ? ?D5 " ·5 #  ??1 H???Q?1 ?)Q ? 9 V???Q? ^"￥B)Q?#￥=)Q?b  3?Q?V???t￥?3 ??Q? ?￥?t i μ1b B?1 B" C#1H( I) ?T?¤Q? ?W"E$ " EUL$ " B ·$ # C B CO O1Q?) ? Q?) ? 19 ! 3?Q?Z? T1 C?t i5 4 [<4>V U5 3?Q? ? T?L1Q? ?è ? ??7sO1Q?) ?b  Tg V?1 ? T V¨mV Um?° L￥| q'1Q?) ?O′b PzXyS ?+?→ kSnv lg]lg[lg += n S dt Sd v ][ ][ ∝= n Sk dt Sd v ][ ][ ==  Q? ?? sQ?t i￥?Y H???Q?1 ,)Q ?b??M￥ f ?/ ,)Q?￥Q? ? ^è ?b Q?t"7y ,)Q? T?W &· Q? ? UQ? HW LQ? ?è ? s??Yb Q?V??Q?t"￥ 9F HL1?′ l ￡ 3t) ??μê ?t?vh Q?è ?1μ′b k dt d kv A == ρ  kt AA ?= 0 ρρ 20 Q? ?DQ?t i￥BQZ??11"???Q?1 B)Q?bQ?t"7y B)Q? T?W &· Q? ? UQ? HW LQ? ?è ? s??Yb Q?V??Q?t"￥ 9F HL1?′ l ￡ 3t) ? ?μê ?t?vh Q?è ?1μ′b A A A k dt d kv ρ ρ ρ ==  t k AA 3.2 lglg 0 ?= ρρ Q? ?DQ?t i￥=QZ??1???Q?1=) Q?b Q?t"7y =)Q? T?W &· Q? ? UQ? HW LQ? ?è ? s??Yb Q?V??Q?t"￥ 9F HL1?′ l ￡ 3t) ? ?μê ?t?vh Q?è ?1μ′b 22 A A A k dt d kv ρ ρ ρ ==  kt AA += 0 11 ρρ 21 ? 1? üu ú ? ê  Michaelis MentenZ? T B M 3?Q?? ^ ?￥b?/é?￥b??Q?g V [ a ^B? ?\Q? ?Q?b ?\Q? ? s ? i a?t iaQ)′a?aQ?áta?4?]? 4?y í￥?Yb μ@?t?? s  ey í?Y H5 ?\Q? ? D ? i??1b ??t i??S? =7  ey í?? H??Q ? ?D?t i??1 ^B)Q?b ??t i9F?B?K H ?μ￥ ? ??D?t2 ?a ?Q? ?r?Kv′N H9F?t￥ i  ?üí?Y ^ ,)Q?i a ü ?X$?t ? ?b ?μ￥ ??μN?C`b?ò1r?? H ?3 ￥?t ii?M] .àμsμ H?vb i ?Q? ?￥?Y 22 ???￥C`?? ?￥L a ^?WátL ab? ?? L a ?\Q?s ?é?' ?D?t5 ???B? ??t  ?Wát?? ??téB?s3?át?3 ? ? ? C[/ TV U- T?4}Vát&}V ?&4}V ?át?Wát ? ?t[#1}Vátb V  T V[ A??t4 i?? HoμB?s ?&?? t4?? ??t?Wát&4b N H ?9F?t i5|μ÷￥?Wát??y7 Q? ?g ?-9Fb ??t i?v HQ?8"?￥ ?s0X' ????t 2??&4 ??tb N H?t i ù9F?í :?￥ ?D-2?#í÷ ￥&4 ??t 3?y7Q? ????Mb EPESES k k k +?→? ??← ?→? + 3 2 1 23  M -a üu ú ?? ê 4 V U??Q???t iD ?\Q? ?-W￥1" T?1 üu ú ? ê Z? Te? ü fZ? T' T?W ?\Q? ? W NBY Kv ?Q? ? 5 4 ?t i , N  ü fè ?b N TV ü?, N ?W NBY X? H ?Q? ?D ??t i- W￥? 1"b ?  T¤ ? TV ü?W NBY WWW NBY H, N 5 4 ', N ^ WW NBY H￥?t i#??? ?è ?b Sm S Sm S K v K v v ρ ρ ρ ρ + = + = max max )1( max ?= v v K Sm ρ ü fZ? T ò??t i5 4 ?v H5 4 ?, N , N 5 4 ?5 4  ?Q? ? r?Kv′'WW NBY ? ,)Q??? f ?/oμ9 v?t i?μ V ?4úQ? ?b L=?¨ Há ì?¨ ± 3t i$ Y }9 ? i$ & bY V k¤?t?3 ???t i-W￥1" T ?] ü fZ? T ?/ T?, T 1?è ?'? H￥?t￥ i#??? ?è ?b SS S K vv ρ ρ + = max )1( max ?= v v K Sm ρ S m K v v ρ max = ó??t i5 4 ?l H5 4 ?, N , N 5 4 , N  ?Q? ? ??t i??1 è1"' ?B)Q?bN H9F?t i V[4ú ?Q?￥ ?b? ?"?t i￥ 9F ?Q? ????1 è1"  6??)Q?b 24 ü fè ?￥il ü fè ?, N ^ ?Q?)?? ? ü?'× ? H￥ ü?è ?b μ×1t ?il , N ′ ^ ?￥+?è ?-BoD ?￥?éμ17D ?￥ i í1b?]￥ ?, N ′?] ?V ? Ub ?TB? ?μ+??t5 ?B??tòμB?+?￥ , N bi O, N ′? sQ)#?￥?YbyN, N ′T1è ?o ^B?￥?taQ)#?Hq7yb?? ?￥, N ′ V[T1kY ?￥B? m ?A?·?￥ LHq/é ?b ]B? ?μ+??tüμ+?, N ′b , N ′Kl￥?tB ??1? ?￥K a?t? ??tb ?? ^? ?￥? ?? tb , N V[í ?1Q? ??t T? ?￥vl, N ?vV ü T? ?vK a?tD ?￥ T? ?Kv?3?ú￥?t iü V?^1r?W NBY b 25 ü fè ?￥?? ?B? ?\Q?￥, N ′￥ ??ZE?b L?' P¨ ?ú￥?t i9o ?¤?í ?￥W NBY ′7r????￥ W NBY ′y79??? ?￥, N ′1 ¤? ?￥, N ′ V[ ü ü fZ?￥? TF[?M P ??1°LZ? T￥? T ? a¨m3E?, N ′b " -B?¨￥m3 p, N ′E1 §±?? XTmE? ?? ?TmEbNE5| ü fZ??? ?/￥? T' L Hê4?]￥5 4 ???￥Wb p ?￥? ?T m' V¤ ?m?￥°Lb  |°L USà ￥? W NBY ?, N ü V[ p, N ￥′#W NBY ′b maxmax 111 vv K v S m +?= ρ ü fè ?￥?? 26 ??? v+ MonodZ? T ± 3t9é ??± 3t' &￥ ia?t i-W￥1" ^l ￡ 3t) ??￥B?×1 [5bμ?  TQ??B1"b ? - a￥ ^ v+Z? T T? 5 4 K?± 3t9é￥?t iNH- 0± 3t19é ?'?ê 3t ￥9é ?b 5 9 ± 3t iNH- 0 NBY 0￥Kv′?t i?v??Y± 3t￥9é ?  H￥0′ , 4 ?è ?b max s s s k ρ μμ ρ = + / X X ddtρ μ ρ = 27 max s s s k ρ μμ ρ = + B M 3?Q??± 3t￥9é ^?t?3￥2T4N -Wi"B?? 1"bC ?[E5 4  ±Q? H EU =￥?t h{ ?E5 9  EU =￥± 3t9é -W￥1 è1"′ YV/ TV U- T?: á q" ? 5 9 ± 3t ib ± 3t9é ? ± 3t19é ? X X d dt ρ υ = S S d dt ρ υ = X X υ μ ρ = S X q υ ρ = X s d Y d ρ ρ = / / Xt X s ts dd Y dd ρ υ ρ υ == / / XX sX Y q υ ρ μ υρ = =  ?t?3 ? ?t1?3 ? 28 [# } ? T ¤ T?R#R NBY 1?t￥1?3 ?# Kv′ 5 4 1?t i , 4 1?è ?b Yqμ =? max max Yqμ = ? max SS qq K ρ ρ = + max s s s k ρ μμ ρ = + l ￡ 3t) ? y?? " -è¨￥ ?'Q?? ?DZ? Tb / / XX sX Y q υ ρ μ υρ = = X s d Y d ρ ρ =  / / Xt X s ts dd Y dd ρ υ ρ υ == ? T è !? ??Q?  =é?  ?? @± 3t 3é kQ??1 ￥ L2T ?/ k? · U L 2T?, 4 ?0 NBY ′[#05 4 1" Tb 3? v+Z? T05 4 ￥1" T1 m?°LZ?1 max s s s k ρ μμ ρ = +  max max 111 () S S K μμ ρ μ =+ max 1 μ 1 = ( ) 1 max 1 hμ ? ∴ = max 41 /10 0.3 S K μ ? = = max 10 10 S K μ= = 11 10( ) 1 S μρ =+ S S ρ μ ρ = 10+ 1 S μρ 1 ? [ ? ?￥ L2TT 1"m ?m ? U¤ 29 ? B? l ￡ 3t) ?y?￥ ' ?D  T l ￡ 3t) ??l ￡?￥μê ?té  '?taé? ^31 ?"￥` 3t) ? ￥?8 ^± 3t 7 ·35 ^ ￡z± 3t? è? ?A?￥byNá ì V[üμéa± 3 ta ·3-W￥ ? 1"¨ ?D TVr ? 1éB? 7Z 3t) ?"d￥Ka? !9??￥ ù?4?￥ V ??b Cl ￡ 3t) ?y? Ll? | ìXüü - ?￥ ü êZ? T? v+Z? T?¨é ?2 ?) ?"d￥t ? ?4  ?3￥ 3t) ?￥ ?D  Tl ￡ 3t) ?"d￥ !9??- ¨b 30 0 X d dt ρ = 0 S d dt ρ ? = # ò??) ?"d)?×? ? Q? ?￥± 3t i??t i? ? HWM???B?è ?b' T?5 9 &· Q? ?± 3t￥ ü ( i 5 4 &· Q? ??t￥ ü ( ib w?l ￡ 3t) ?y? ?D  T￥+?L? ? 0 X d dl ρ = 0 S d dl ρ = óQ? ?￥té?? ??# (?￥ f ? I n ??Q? ? ￥± 3t i??t i? ?ê?M???B?è ?b7 O ?t ^ ·3?￥b' ???Q?V??￥? ^ s￥  ?z) ?b  M? X ?á )FVLFMFLJBO ? |YVl ￡ 3t) ?￥v  Lù?yT ?Cl ￡ 3t) ??± 3t9é??t ?3-Wi"B? ￥1" ? ^4  ?/￥Z? T () () SX g udX dd YK dt dt ρρ ρ= ?? () X g d dt ρ () S u d dt ρ ± 3t9éD?t?3￥'1" T T? ± 3tê9é ? ?t ?¨ ?3 ? :á q" ? , E  =÷?   ?h" ? 5 9 Q? ?± 3t ib 31  L=y??á q" ? ?± 3t9é" ? Yè[ L=? ¤￥4?á q" ? ?± 3tê9é" ? Y obs }9b1N T V  T¤ T?0￡1± 3t1ê9é ?b  í TVr  3tQ?) ?  =± 3t￥ê9é??t ?3-W￥'1"b ?[??1" Tg V?l ￡± 3t) ?y ?' ?D  Ty ?l ￡± 3t) ?y? ?D  T? μ? ×1￥ilb V?1() () SX g udX dd YK dt dt ρρ ρ=?? obs Yqμ′= ? (/) (/) Xg Su d XX ddt ddt YK ρ ρ ρρ = ? d Yq Kμ′= ??  () () SX g obs u dd Y dt dt ρρ = ] ?V T ¤ Q?? ?DZ? T￥??¨  ￡?t iDê C -435 ,D ￥1" (1+r)Q X, Se Q - Qw Xe, Se Q S 0 X 0 =0 rQ, Xr, Se V X, Se =?y Qw, Xr, Se t ? ?S? Qw, X, Se ? ?? ?? @"dt ? ?m 32 Q?? ?DZ? T￥??¨ w p ￡?t iDê C -435 ,D ￥1" (1+r)Q X, Se Q - Qw Xe, Se Q S 0 X 0 =0 rQ, Xr, Se V X, Se =?y t ? ?S? Qw, X, Se ? ?? ?? @"dt ? ?m t ? ? ü ^? é  o?? pé?Q? "dò?t é￥é  ü?9 ?b t ? ?S?￥ê? ?ê HW é ?t  ?ê HW ?t  ?ê HW h{t  ?ê HW ?t  "   ?YZ? T B ÷ y =?y í @ê C :?ê C ? @  @ C F D E G 33 t ? ? ? -4 ? @± 3t i ?)?×? ?± 3t àμ ?' E9EU B · 7 t ? ? ?R T ? @" @ ?h{ 2·9  "<2X ·9  22X ·9F>  E9EU B ·7 < E9EU H ·7> 2X·9  22X ·9F E9EU H ·7 ?2X·9  22X ·9F79,D ? E9EU H "9,D ,D: · E4EU V9,E 4F<,T  ,E·,D ><,D : ·RNBY,E > () () SX g udX dd YK dt dt ρρ ρ= ??