1 ? E 1c ê ￡￥z 3t) ? = ?ê CE ?ê Cy\ ^B?<W?¨7?-μr ￥.dê ￡ 3t) ?E9 ^B[μ?Z - ?￥ê ￡) ?/ ??8C ? ￡é ￡ ￥ <W a??a 2"￥?Z Ta z￥ V e??[#YV  ? u￥ !? P-  μ??" ￥r ?b K1Bp V ?ó￥  n? 2 ÷$ v1 ?￥  U ?T ?ê ￡é ?? ? ￡8 VYV ￡8?± 3 ?"d￥1ê? ?¤?) ?b ?ê CE ^ _? ? ￡8￥ê ￡V?V' é D1 ? ￡8) ?ê ￡￥V?M ? ^1 ? ￡8ê?V?￥ |y <?b  Müμ |S_ê ￡? ? b ￥ k  M ?S￥-BXMFODFù? ?é?ê ￡ ÷  k ?S￥ 'PXMFS`ù?ù? ?íSa ?$*B SL?(BHF é? k?C ê ￡é HW ÷ ?á 3Btà8] H ￡é?¤? üA￥? ?"SEFSO?-PDLFUU???BC`é? ù? ÷  k ^ T?é?￥ ?? k2 ? Hü T0? b?=?×? 7 S e ì?C?? T0 b!?? ? TC?"Bt5? ?￥à8 H ) ?rTQ7zb e ìü ??1?ê C ?a e ì ??2 ? k -ü ÷ a￥ê ￡á???o? ? aê? b ￡ = / T?￥ê C?=? P¨?"vv ê ê ￡) ?￥ H Wb M"SEFSO?-PDLFUU?S￥?Dy?D? ?V  k ?T?ê CEü?"? 3 b ? ^ M?S￥ ￡T ?+ gy/ ?B?) ? ? ? N  E￥?ê Cê ￡) ?ì  M ?S¨ ?y/ B?) ? ? ?N  E￥?ê C ê ￡) ?ìb 3 ?B? 'à Q I 1 ^?ê C$ ?% )a )?vae 3?taa 3?t?± 3t ?8 # ?￥ê ￡?μ?#í?téF?￥aμB? ?￥a μ z￥ê?ê ￡? ?￥à 1ê Cb 4 BF?ê Cm ? ?ê C￥?é t ? ?? ?  ? ?L?à 1 R ì ?? r?? 1× ÷ y?A í @ê C ìü NN 1V ? 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A C H￥8 ?V Uê C??? ?e?ê C· ??ê1 N-Hb  6?A??NJO￥?ê C8 N- 47 NM- 47*  6?A???%8?× H .-44 H- 15 ?ê CE￥' @? ?ê C?3ê ￡?μt￥V? ?ê C ÷ V??μt￥?3 ? "V? Vs1 ?¨ b  ?¨ ×?¨ ???ê C μ v ￥V ?7V ? cμ  ?￥T?té?áê ￡ ?￥μtM??ê C  ?b ?1 ^M??ê C ￥μt1± 3t ? ? ¨b 16 ?ê C?3ê ￡?μt￥V? ?ê CE ÷ V??ê ￡?μt￥M?s¤?2 ? l ￡ ? ￥ μ  t ? =l ￡?￥μ t Vl ￡? ?"￥μ t ± 3t? ? ?¨￥μt ± 3t ? ?¨￥μt ± 3t ? ?¨7 ? ?¨￥μt ± 3t? ? ?¨￥μ t ± 3tX ?¨￥μ t ????   ?  92￥± 3t8 ?át 17 wL?Q?ê ￡?μ t￥ ?"? p wL?Q??ê C ? ¨μt￥? p wLèQ? ?ê C  ?μt￥? pb ? ?H wLQ? ÷ V?? "ê ￡?μt￥ ?"? HW m? ^IP· =ü'? ?  n wL? #ê ￡?￥μt5 ^M?  ?ê C  n wLè ?a?v1± 3t ? ?¨ n wL? $ ?T¨M? ￥ HW m? ^NJOP· =ü'? ?  n wLè %± 3t ?¨μt-V?1?? ¤ n wL?b ?=? 8.?? ÷ y 18 ?ê CE￥ ??1 í? B ^?  ???s3T¨￥± 3t9ü ^?ê C = ^l ￡?￥μt ? ^) ?`9 ^± 3t￥ J  ? ^ ·3 àμ @￥ ·3z± 3t ;? ? 3i9? ??è?s3T¨b 'JDL ? ?? p téVBM.?? 6BM￥V??1.éV? ÷ V?? b B?￥V M.??AM?g ^?.éV?. éV??11ù? ? ?V???b ? ?V?￥w? ? ^ ? ? ? §téi" iμ P¤t és-? i?úB§_"??B§ ? ?b ? ?V???ê ^?é ￥ iM?′?-1 i0  i0vl?Y" ? ? ? q dX dC Dv d ?= Fick ? ?? p Vd:té￥ ? ? ? D ? ?" ? 19 M HW t =YV? ? ? ?￥té ?  A? ? ? ?T Vd? A dtdM v d = ' dX dC D A dtdM ?= dX dC D A dtdM ?= ?[ dX dC DA dt dM ?= 'JDL ? ?? p 8.?e ? ?  ? ? ÷  V?? 8 s0V MM?AM A?üV A M? ? ? ? §i"  ?A YV? a ￥. ?V?¨ ?  ? ? ?3 db ?  ? ?? Lewis? Whitman1924 M7 ?b 20 8.?e ? ?  ? ? ?  ? ?￥' ?? 1. A M? ??íi"Ta @?￥  ?A ?8 @? f ??Y" ￥¨ 2.  [?￥ aAM?8? @8 su?Fsté i (  ?i iμ9 àμ ??.éE ???.éV?E ?? i? A aa @  3. A M? ? té iM ü?? ? íE ?b y1 ^B? 4 · 8 ·3l#.éE ??1?A  V[ a1 M?8D? ?-W￥saμ′?l ] Hy1A ¨?l CiD C-W V?°LM? I n' l CCi dX dC δ ? =? 8.?e ? ?  ? ? | l CCi dX dC δ ? =? } ? dX dC DA dt dM ?= ¤ l i CC DA dX dC DA dt dM δ ? =?= !AM?8￥81 V"  T ()CC V AD V dtdM i l ?= δ ¨ ()CC V A K dt dC iL ?= V A KK LLa =  T? ()CCK dt dC iLa ?= 21 ￡) ????￥.? ? qV U1 () g SO O dm KA dt ρρ=? T?ENEU — 8.? ? q , H — 8 ? ?" ? "— 8 ? ?YV￥ ? 5 T — 8 ·A?￥? i 5  — 8 ·A?￥ ib 7EN7E5  5 - T V?? () O g SO O d A K dt V ρ ρρ=? Yè, H "7[¨, -B ?}9?N  TM1 10 20 12 log 1 3.2 ρρ ρρ ? ? ? ? = S S La tt K () O La SO O d K dt ρ ρ ρ=? |  Té?s V p¤9￥.é" ? , -B 19.é" ??ê HW    T  PS)   8 1 ?3, -B $ .?E ?v H, -B ′l .?E ?l H, -B ′v , -B ?ê1l H V[ A"1 ?y ￡ ·A ·3V5  9 F?5 4 ￥ HW , -B 9 V A" ^?" ? 22 () O La SO O d K dt ρ ρ ρ=? V  T V[ A1 4úM ? q V[V 4ú, -B ′9FA8??ahlA ¨a÷D  ￡? ?a P  ?Ml9F  ￡¤( ? 4ú5 S0 ′ !E9Fv ?￥sa ?B ÷ a?  ÷ a ' ￡ ÷  M￥?Yy í  ·￥? A8? l ￡?é A8? @? 1. ·3￥? ￡? ·?D ￡?c÷ a?#saμ1 &DLFOGFMEFS?0 ’$POOPS4 ·?′9 ?′ () T S S + ? = 5.33 65.2475 7600 ρ 4 ￡? ·3%8 iH- 5 ￡￥?￥ ?T?1v a???NN)H5??? V V SS P PP ? ? = 760 )( 76000 ρρ 1?1v aNN)H 1W? ￡? a <NN)HD?μ1 23 ?′"· ￡V ?￥ ?′ a¨?V ? ÷  ?1 ￡/ ÷ 5 ? I n ￡ '79F￥sa ü (5 4 9 ? T1 0UyV ?n 8?￥c qB? | 1Cy?a <[v a9b () ? ? ? ? ? ? +=? ? ? ? ? ? +=+= 242212 1 2 1 00002010 bt SSbS t SSS PO P O ρρρρρρ 2.? () ( ) ( ) 20 20 020.1 ? = T LaTLa KK ￥￥ 5 ￡?￥ ] H? 6ú? ·3 i5 T ?? 3.l ￡?é ( ) () La La K K α = ê ￡ b ￡ ( ) () SO SO ρ β ρ ê ￡ " b ￡ l ￡?￥ò?é￥.?μB?￥?Y¨%V U l ￡?cμ￥ ·3÷??Y ·3?′?Y" ?¨ &V U () O La SO O d K dt ρ ρ ρ=? () O La SO O d K dt ρ α βρ ρ=? ?1 () T S S + ? = 5.33 65.2475 7600 ρ 24 K La ￥?? ??E5  EU5  ￥°LZ? () O La SO O d K dt ρ ρ ρ=? ( ) ( ) tK LaSS ???=? 000 lnln ρρρρ?1 Vè¨ê ￡) ? @? A ÷ "d éìê ￡ YìE ê ￡,\ %ìE ? éy A2/OQ?y UVhy :?ê C ?\ ?b ê C? ￡úW Cf? 25 ÷ ￥T¨D ÷ Z T 1 z± 3t￥3}? 2 Y?± 3t ?￥z?? 3 ?A￥?óT¨  a ?y 6F?ó  ÷ Z T ?? ÷ "d ?? ÷  ?:àV ? ÷ a?àV ? ÷   ?? +? ÷ "d ?  ?? ÷ aB ÷  ?? ÷ Z T 26 ÷ y31 b  9 ? 1 3?Q? ÷  9 ? (1)μt?33  O1=a’Q(La-Le) + b’V· Xv (2)??b?3  O2=4.57Q(NHa - NHe) (3)Qb?4?? ? O3=2.86NO (4)??ê C￥?  O4=1.42Px O=O1  O2  O3  O4 | ??31￥ b   2 ?ó31￥  9 ? ?ó31￥  ? 31￥?ó? q?ê8￥?ó  B??ó31 b  l?ùl? 3tQ?3   ÷ y31 b  9 ? ? ?￥l  ? ? ?  2.2m 3 /m 2 .h è @￥v?  ? ? ?  1.2m 3 /m 2 .h ? ÷  13W/m 3 27 ÷  !! ? ÷  ? ÷  b ê?  ? b  { ￥5"d ? ?  ? T ÷  ? T ÷  V ? ÷  ú ??)? ÷ "d￥F? ?Yh{  ?YD 3?) ?"d V r  é?h{  ? b 95 ??D ÷  ? ? ? é g?= ???  g?= ??? a ? DO ? e?"d 28 ? ÷  b ê?  ? b  { ￥ 5"d ? ?  b ê? ￥ "￥ ^? ??? ÷ "d￥? ??]? ? ? E ?b ? ÷ "d￥F? V r Dé gh{  V r a ?S? 29 ? ÷ "d￥F? ?YD ?Yh{  ? ÷  b ê?  ? b  { ￥ 5"d ? ?  ? ?a ê b  ? 1 ?@ 3?Q? ?3￥ ? ? ??A??%8??? ?b ?a1 ?@ X?5?"d? ? ?  ￥ E ?{[# ? ?  ?￥á ￡ab ?G? a¨??l? ê ￡ì. 2vA?? | h{a?{n @ ?? T?. 2lr qú a¨?v??ê ￡ì 30 è¨?? T 1 ? T? : ?G?aí? 31 32 è¨?? T 2 ?)ú ? ???ú ? ?? ? ?)75VSCP? ?S)PXEFO? è¨?? T ?S1PXFS.J[FS)? 33 è¨?? T è¨?? T 34 è¨?? T è¨?? T 35 è¨?? T è¨?? T 36 è¨?? T è¨?? T 37 è¨?? T 3 ) ???) ?? ?S1PXFS.J[FS)? ?)ú ??é g?= ? é g?= ? 38 ??4M1 ? Hq ?? ?4M1 ? Hq y\Z ?ù5 S?# ?B? q￥? ja?? W 1 pa ! !× a$1 paê?D??a ?1 paKv ?× aKv?q× a5???<_D1 paé? gê?1 pah{  !?ê?D1 pa b 95 !?ê?a?\? 61 paD 1 pa.{ e?1 pa5? ? `) ?ù5 ?b è Z ?ù5? ??è? q$  ?¨è !!ê?a MCCJ￥ !91 pa MCCD? e?J-W￥ ó"a MCCJ ?  ^?3 !?J ? m?aJ ?1?$ ^ ?3 !? è ?a°¤ ?$BQ¤LD Q¤L￥ ￥?a?"d  e¨è èê?è÷V MCC¤ ?? ^V ? e?J¤ ?$ m?1? e?í ^ !? MCC J? ^ !? ? e?J$] ? `F ￡? Hé?$ I 1"￥ e??|ó MCCJV 7 e?F ￡ ?T$? 1 eZ ?ù5? e?"d31 I 1"￥???|a DOa ?$ P¨?L ?¤ ]Y? ó"$¤ ??)$ MCCD ? e?J-Wμ 't e??| ?¤$?" d P¨ I 1"￥ PLC?q$"dDê ￡ì e? i-W8 1Y? ó"$ ó"￥?q ¤ gZ T$ ó"￥ èqxp$?"d 't ?3 ?|#  E ?| V[D? e iY?$? e i8 1é???? ? !?$? Howden? 4 ? (SG-26) 39 ? ÷  b ê?  ? ? ?  b  { ￥ 5"d μ3| b  { ?? b  ? ?  1 p?E ? ? >l ÷  !!ò?a ? (? b ?5?|5 @ ??? !91 p ￥!A1￥ m?D?è???D ê System pressures Operating point of air compressor p = 650 mbar gauge Piping ?p = 25 mbar Piping ?p = 20 mbar Aerators i.e. ?p = 20 + 80 mbar VACOMASS ? ?p = 5 mbar (< 10 mbar according to ATV) Injection depth 5m ?p = 500 mbar ?p total = Σ?p i i = 1 n 40 ? ÷ "da ?.?  b 5D ÷  ? ?"d ? ÷ "da ?.? D?.?  41 67% 8% 11% 6% 5% 3% Biological treatment Flocculation / Filtration Sludge treatment Infrastructure, miscellaneous Waste water conveying Mechanical treatment Power consumption in sewage plants 42 Aeration - The big consumer !! ? 2/3 of the power in a sewage plant is required in order to supply air into activated sludge basins ? Aeration is the major individual consumer of electrical energy in sewage plants ? ÷ "d￥ e? 1 =? e?"d￥ H?Da? e? 2 D??Hq￥ ó? e? 43 44 ? ÷  b ê?  ? ? ?  ? ? ￥T¨ ^| b s ?? b  ?9v b ??A-W￥¤(? ? ü b ?￥ ·3? ￡?b b  { ￥ 5"d l  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  v  ? ? ?  ±  ? ? ?  ? ? ￥ ?? 45 l  ?°? 1.5mm ?  ?°? 2 3mm v  ?°? 15mm ±  ?°? 0.1mm 46 47 48 49 50 ± d ÷  !!? 51 ± d ÷  !!￥ b ￡_ ± d ÷  !!￥? ? 52 ? ?è ÷   ? ?è ÷   53 #JP-BD ? ÷ "d #JP-BD ? ÷ "d 54 #JP-BD ? ÷ "d #JP-BD ? ÷ "d 55 #JP-BD ? ÷ "d #JP-BD ? ÷ "d 56 ? ÷ V ? ÷  V ? ÷  e ? 1. ÷  !!￥4 ￡? { ￡T¨ P ÷ y =A8?? ì @?V7?÷? A¤( ?a?  2. ÷  !!è H???? ￡iüA8 ?_ b ?  ??7 é b  3. ÷  !!ú ?è Ha§??μa u ? b b ? ÷ V ? ÷  ÷ ￥r q | %? ÷ ￥? ? ÷ y￥y? ? ú? üe?,? ? ? ÷ ￥?àD ￡ ? ü??1¨??b ? T ÷  ? T ÷  ? 57 ? ú? üe?,? 58 59 ÷  !!? ?·S 1?ò? ÷  !!? ?￥?1·S M q ?ê1NH0  -·I   ? ?  ? ?r q' ?h{L8 ·I? ? ?.? ? ￡?￥  .? ? q?ê1LH0  L8·I  ?¨ q YV? ÷ "dM??A?￥ ] 9￥?s1?ê1 b 60 ÷  !!? ? ?@?1 p￥ ÷   ? ?￥l  ? ? ?  N  N  I è @￥v?  ? ? ? N  N  I ? ÷  8N  ÷ y￥ ??y? w @ T ÷ y ? ?? T ÷ y ?y? 2?? 61 ÷ y￥ ??? T —w @ T ÷ y￥ ??? T —? ?? 62 ÷ y￥ ??? T —? ? T w @ ÷ y w @ ÷ y￥é z1B?1 5j10 é ￡Z T?K  ￡¨n @b  1 ü ??? w @ ÷ y￥y z?μr ￡ '-1B?1 1j2b  2? ??? ? ? ? ￥ ￡ @ f ? Vs1 üMw @ èw @ 63 w @ ÷ y T 64 ? ?? ÷ y y? ? ???y￥1" ?? Z? ? sy T ?y T 65 ÷  y ￥ ? ? y ? ? ?? ÷ y 66 67 ÷  !!? ?? k ? ko? b ￡?￥? k ?Hq/￥? k ?á D 3PTT&.DLJOOFZZE 68 b ￡?￥? k KY¨￥ZE ^¨?e4e ; ? )hb1 F yh V? V¨ o?|T1b?4b ?a?ˉV?9 ? 9.é" ?, -B ?￥.? ? qb e ? 69 ?? BH ÷ BHF ?/B  40   ] H ?¨$P$M  Tb? 4é??eQ? P? k ?y ( é? ? ·3 i?v tí? , H 7 S???? ÷  ￡? ·3 7 S  6?B?￥ HWW??? i?¤ ￥ ? | ü (′ ×ˉ??Q ] H?? ￡?a a ￡? ·3￥?′a? qb b ￡?￥? k 2Ts ??, -B p.? ? q?? ?r q V T () / OLaSOO ddtKρ ρρ=? s V¤ ( )ln ln SO O SO La K tρρ ρ? =?? [tMO 5 T 5  1M  ?¨?¤￥ ?  Zì? ¤?B°L | q'1, -B b9 V¨ ? ?L p, -B ′n mb b ￡?￥? k 70 2Ts ——" ??? ???S ? 20￥ H V?N T??b  1 ￡?￥?? () ( ) 20 20 1.024 t La t L KK ? = 760 / SOSO pρ ρ ??S " 2 a￥?? v a ?￥?Y V?N T??b b ￡?￥? k 2 (/) La SO OC K V kgO hρ= ?? V ? ÷ = }￥ {? q￥9 ? kW V A× × ××× = } {? q "èa è @ ? qy ? ?êD ?" ? èr q  }Qr q ÷  !!￥? ?r q"0$ LH0  I= } {? q L8 ? ?r q?ê1LH0  ,8·I S.? ? q, -B ·5 TP ?ê :mgO 2 /L·h S.? ? q   ? ? YV? ÷ "dM??A?￥  ]9￥?s1?ê1 b  ?¨ q  71 ?Hq/￥? k ?ìd×? ? ^·?A?￥ ·3 ^ ? HWM?￥b òd×? ?￥?? () O LaSO LaO d KrK dt ρ α βρ α ρ=????? T?5 sw0 ——ê ￡?￥ ·3? iNH- S——± 3t￥3 ? qNH0 2 -·I ×? ? ^·?A?￥ ·3? ? HW7M?b ( ) () 0 / La swO O La swO O Kr Kr αρρ αρρ ? ?= =? ?Hq/￥? k ò×? ?￥?? S￥?? 72 ?á D 3PTT&.DLJOOFZZE ?w @ T ÷ y V[¨???A3 ? q￥ZE ? w ?￥.? ? qb 3?á ·3C  6 ^.? ? q?V{ ? q￥2 Tb 3??DC ·3  6`￥ ?'m? ? U￥M  ) V[ ?31? ? ￥.? ? q z???A?￥{ ? qb?? ? V¨ ?n?  ? p¤￥E5  EU′b