1CSIE,NTUT,TAIWAN
Introduction
Computer Science and Information Engineering
Spring 2004
Chuan-Ming Liu
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CONTENTS
A BRIEF HISTORY
PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
INTERNET STANDARDS
INTERNET ADMINISTRATION
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A
BRIEF
HISTORY
1.1
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Terminologies
Network
Group of connected,communicating devices
internet v.s,Internet
– two or more networks that communicate
– hundreds of thousands interconnected
networks
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Time Line
The following is a list of important Internet events
in chronological order,
1969,Four-node ARPANET established.
1970.ARPA hosts implement NCP.
1973,Development of TCP/IP suite begins.
1977.An internet tested using TCP/IP.
1978,UNIX distributed to academic sites.
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1981,CSNET established,(NSF sponsored)
1983,TCP/IP becomes the official protocol
1983,MILNET was born.
1986,NSFNET established,(NSF)
1990.ARPANET replaced by NSFNET.
1995,NSFNET became a research network.
1995,ISPs started.
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Figure 1-1 Internet today
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PROTOCOLS
AND
STANDARDS
1.2
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Protocols and Standards
Protocols – rules
Standards – agreed-upon rules
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Protocols
Entity
Anything capable of sanding or receiving
information
Protocol is a set of rules that governs data
communication
Elements of a protocol
– Syntax (what)
– Semantics (how)
– Timing (when)
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Standards
Guidelines to manufacturers,vendors,
government agencies,and other service
providers
– De facto (fact or convention)
– De jure (law or regulation)
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STANDARDS
ORGANIZATIONS
1.3
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Standards Creation Committees
International Standards Organization (ISO)
International Telecommunications Union–
Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
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Forums
Regulatory Agencies
Frame Relay Forum
ATM Forum
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
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The websites for the
above organizations
are given in Appendix G.
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INTERNET
STANDARDS
1.4
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Internet Standard
Thoroughly tested specification that is
useful to and adhered to by those who
work with the Internet
– Internet draft,no official status
– Request for Comments (RFC)
CSIE,NTUT,TAIWAN 18Figure 1-2
Maturity levels of an RFC
CSIE,NTUT,TAIWAN 19Figure 1-3
Requirement levels of an RFC
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RFCs can be found at
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs
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INTERNET
ADMINISTRATION
1.5
CSIE,NTUT,TAIWAN 22Figure 1-4
Internet Administration