2010-5-141
HISTOLOGY &
EMBRYOLOGY
Male and Female
Reproductive Systems
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Reproductive System
? Sex,Gender,Reproduction
? Germ Cells,sperm and ovum (haploid)
? Sex Hormones:
Male---Androgens (Testosterone)
Female---Estrogen,Progestogen
? Developmental Stages,infant,child,
puberty,adult,menopause and old
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Male Reproductive System
? Testis,producing sperm and hormone
? Epididymis,sperm maturation,storage
? Vas deferens,sperm passage during
ejaculation
? Accessory glands (prostate,seminal
vesicle,bulbourethral gland), seminal
plasma--- environment for sperms
? Penis and scrotum
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2010-5-1411
TESTIS
a pair in scrotum
? Capsule,tunica vaginalis,albuginea and
vasculosa,mediastinum testis &
septulum
testis into 250 testicular lobules
? Seminiferous Tubule producing sperm
? Testicular Interstitium producing
androgens by Leydig cell
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2010-5-1413
Seminiferous Tubules
? Spermatogenic Cells
- spermatogonia
- primary spermatocyte
- secondary spermatocyte
- spermatid
- testicular sperm
? Sertoli Cell
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Spermatogenesis
? Stage 1, spermatogonia mitosis (5)
? Stage 2, spermatocyte meiosis (2)
? Stage 3, spermiogenesis
- round spermatid
- elongated spermatid
- testicular sperm
( no motility,no fertilizing capability)
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SPERM
? Condensed nucleus with haploid (X/Y)
? Flagellum and mitochondrial sheath
? Acrosome containing enzymes
? Membrane with ovum-recognizing ligand
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Sertoli Cell
? Support and nutrition
? Blood-testis Barrier
? Secretion,Androgen Binding Protein
Inhibin
? Phagocytosis
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Leydig Cell in Interstitium
? Steroid- producing cell structure
? Androgens, spermatogenesis/
secondary sexual characteristic
development
? Hormonal regulation
- Hypothalamus GnRH
- Pituitary Gland FSH LH (ICSH)
- Testis Sertoli Leydig
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Sperm Passage
? Tubules rectus
? Rete testis
? Efferent ductules
? Ductus epididymis
? Vas deferens
? Urethra
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Epididymis
? Efferent ductules,principal cell with
cilia & glandular cell
? Ductus epididymis, pseudostratified
columnar cell with sterocilia
? Microenvironment for sperm
maturation
? - motility
? -fertilizing capability
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Semen
sperm + seminal plasma
? Sperm count,motility and morphology
? Seminal plasma (pH 7.4,2-6 ml)
- bulbourethral gland,lubricate
- prostate,ACP,Enzymes,PSP
- seminal vesicle,fructose,decapacitation
factor,coagulation factor
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Female Reproductive System
Menstrual Cycle (bleeding monthly)
and significant developmental stages
? Ovum production
? Estrogen/progestogen secretion
? Embryo development
? Fetal breast-feeding
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Female Reproductive System
? Ovary producing ovum & hormones
? Oviduct
? Uterus
? Vagina
? Mammary gland
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Ovarian Follicle Development
? Primordial follicle primary oocyte +
flat follicular cells (1 million at birth,
40,000 before puberty)
? Growing Follicles(few decades/month)
- primary
- secondary
? Mature Follicle ( one per month,
secondary oocyte)
? Atresic Follicle
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Growing Follicles
? Primary:
- primary oocyte growing
- follicular cell proliferation
- zona pellucida formation
? Secondary:
- follicular antrum
- cumulus oophorus & corona radiata
- stratum granulosum
- theca interna and theca externa
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Estrogen Production
? LH,17 @ hydroxydase in theca cell
(cholesterol ----- androgen)
? Androgen diffuse into granular cell
? FSH,aromatase in granular cell
(androgen ----- estrogen)
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Ovulation
? Once per month on 14 day of the cycle
? 36 – 48 h before ovulation,primary follicle
completes first meiosis,becoming
secondary oocyte and first polar body
? LH surge leading to ovulation delivering
secondary oocyte and z.p/c.r
- no fertilization,degeneration
- fertilization,completing second meiosis
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Corpus Luteum
? Granulosa lutein cell producing
progestogen
? Theca lutein cell producing estrogen
with granulosa lutein cell
? Corpus luteum of menstruation (14
days,then degeneration,corpus
albicans )
? Corpus luteum of pregnancy
producing estrogen/progestogen/
relaxin under hCG
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2010-5-1449
HOME WORK
? What is the main differences
between spermatogenesis and
oogenesis?
? Describe the structure of ovary at 6
yr and 25 yr; 7th day of the cycle,
21st day of the cycle,one month
after pregnancy
? How many types of cell in ovary
involve in hormone production?
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OVIDUCT
Infundibulum,ampulla,isthmus
and intramural portion
? Mucosal folds with simple columnar
ciliated cells and secretory cells
? Inner circular and outer longitudinal
smooth muscle coat
? Outer covering of peritoneal
mesothelium
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UTERUS
? Uterus body
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium,basal layer and
- functional layers (menstrual cycle)
? Uterus Cervix
No menstrual cycle in endocervix
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Menstrual Cycle (28 days)
? 1-4 day,menstrual phase
? 5-14 day,proliferative ( follicular
phase)
? 15-28 day:secretory (luteal phase)
thick,uterine gland,stroma cell,matrix,
spiral artery,predecidual cell,ovary
structure & hormone profile
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Hormonal Regulation of
Menstrual Cycle
? Feedback mechanism
GnRH / FSH LH / Estrogen Progestogen
? Follicle & E,/Proliferative Phase
? LH peak and Ovulation
? Corpus luteum & E.P/Secretory Phase
? E & P decline and Menstrual Phase
What happens if Fertilization /pregnancy
occurs?
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HOME WORK 2
? Describe the basic structure of vagina
and its cyclic change during cycle.
? Describe the basic structure of mammary
gland and the main difference between
resting and breast-feeding mammary
gland.