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M? ü (??E (1) BQM? ü (E M? ü (??E ^?v HW¥5a ¨? _ -M?é? ü ( ?9 ? i[M? ü ( ?T 1B/? ù¥??′b ! HW?  y 1 y 2 lly i ll 10 ?Y {ü6 9 ? T N yyy M Nttt t 11)1( +?? +++ = "  3-1 T? ii? t? ù¥B QM? ü ( ? )1( t M t ii HW? ù ? N iis ? ? ? ?E V[e HW? ?¥ v ????èC`é??? 1" ? } ?y í? ¥ M?V74 ?? p?¥êb??¥? | %?9 ? ü ( ? H ? ? ? N¥vlb N v 5???üv ? HWaM9v ?- ù??üMμ Nl5 ???ül ? H WaM9l ?- ù??üúb N¥ |′ j 8 f ?7?b ? t+1 ù?? ′ b )1( ^ 1 tt My = + (2) =QM? ü (E ??BQM? ü (Eaa? ??è@¥??T¨ ?[ L=?¨?B??31é? ?=QM? ü (9 ?b =QM? ü ( ?9 ? T N MMM M Nttt t )1( 1 )1( 1 )1( )2( +?? +++ = "  3-2 T? ii=QM? ü ( ? )2( t M iiBQM? ü ( ? )2( t M N iis ? ? ? =QM? ü (9 ?¥ "¥? ^°¤¨??? 7 ^1  p ü ( ? ?M? ü ( ? HW ?  μL? t ] H¨ ????BQM? ü ( ?¥ìaC`b e HW? üVBQ+QM? ü ( 'h"  } ?y íá 3¥?Y[a M? t ]'×? ü V[? ?¥ HW? y ??? ?D ?b ¨=QM? ü (Eé???¥ T1 Tbay ttTt += ∧ +  3-3 T? Tii? " -? ù t?31??¥? ù ? ii1? t ù ?3 1??¥[a? T ù? ? ? ∧ +Tt y )2()1( 2 ttt MMa ?= ][ 1 2 )2()1( ttt MM N b ? ? = (3) ¨M? ü (E??M ^ Z  M ^  1989~1991 Mò 1???¥ j Z {  ?V 3-1 ? U C E?? 1992 Mò1 11 ? ?c  {3 p ?? ¥ j Z { b ?B?9 ?BQM? ü ( ?a=QM? ü ( ? N=39 ?2TnV 3-1b V 3-1 ?ê£ | M  1  Z  BQM? )1( t M =QM? )2( t M 1989 1 2654 i i 2 2551 i i 3 2797 2667 i 4 2744 2697 i 1990 1 2838 2793 2719 2 2702 2761 2750 3 2873 2804 2786 4 2727 2767 2777 1991 1 2891 2830 2800 2 293 2860 2819 3 3159 3004 2898 4 3146 3089 2984 ?=?9 ? üá" ? a t ab t '5 t | 12b 31942894308922 )2()1( 12 =?×=?= tt MMa 105)29843089( 13 2 ][ 1 2 )2()1( =? ? =? ? = ttt MM N b 5?? T1 TTbay ttTt 1053194 +=+= ∧ + ? ???? 1992 Mò 1? ¥ Z 5 TsY | 1a2a3a4} ?  ??′ sY1 ?B1 ()£ |329911053194 112 =×+= ∧ + y ?=1 ()£ |340421053194 212 =×+= ∧ + y ? ?1 ()£ |350931053194 312 =×+= ∧ + y ? 11 ()£ |361441053194 412 =×+= ∧ + y  ?9 ? ù ? |¤  ?2T ?i? ?1?M?y0¥?Y ?[?1¨1?M? y0é???b 1?M?y0¥??ZE ^ n59 ?ò M¥]1 ü ( ? ?a9 ? ?μò 1¥19 ü ( ? KasY¨ò?]1 ü ( ?sY"[19 ü ( ? ' V p¤ò1¥1?M 12 ?Y {ü6 ?y0b' è?1?M?y0¥9 ?nV 3-2b V 3-2 ?ê£ | B = ? 1 M1 ü ( ? 1989 2654 2551 2797 2744 2686.5 1990 2838 2702 2873 2727 2785.0 1991 2891 2963 3159 3146 3039.8 ]1 ü ( ? 2794.3 2738.7 2943.0 2872.3 2837.1 1?M?y0 0.985 0.965 1.037 1.012 1.000 M 1 ¨1?M?y0  ???′é??? P-?1cμ1?M?y0¥??′ ?B1 ()£ |3250985.03299 112 =×= ∧ + y ?=1 ()£ |3285965.03404 212 =×= ∧ + y ? ?1 ()£ |3639037.13509 312 =×= ∧ + y ? 11 ()£ |3657012.13614 412 =×= ∧ + y =QM? ü (E? a¨?L? t ]¥ ?  ?T ? M?μdL? t ] V¨ ?Q· ? üáEF[3 % n· ? üá??Eb 2. · ? üá??E · ? üá??E ^M? ü (??E¥?é??Z ?;μM? ü (??E¥a? ? B??  X? M? ü (??E ? i? v¥ ??b · ? üá??E ^?? HW? F ? ü ( ???¥b  1BQ· ? üáE 9 ? T  3-4 )1( 1 )1( )1( ? ?+= ttt FyF αα T? ii? t ù¥BQ · ? üá ü ( ? )1( t F ii? t ù¥ L= ? t y α iiF ?" ? ii? t-1 ù¥BQ· ? üá ü ( ? )1( 1?t F · ? üáE ^|? t ù¥· ? üá ?′ e?? 1T1 t+1 ù ¥??′ ' b )1( ^ 1 tt Fy = + · ? üá??E ^ ?¨ üá ü ( ?¥9 ? HW? é???¥B?μrZEb $ ? ? Yt? 'v ??i"? ù¥o????5M? ?¨· ? üá??Eü V[9 ? H é???b ??V?? V ?¥ ? sYF[?]¥ ? ?b ? í ? ?v 13 ? ?c  {3 p ?? ? ù ? ?lb F ?" ?%¥vl 9e HW? ¥???μ %??¥?Yb % ¥vlD????Q1 '% |′l5???v Q- % |′v5???lb ? ^ Q?K? ? ¥ ù??Z ?D% |′¥vl ???1'% |′l ù??μ Q- % |′v ù??üzb yN ?T · ? üᥠ"¥?¨?¥· ? üá ü ( ? ?Q? HW ? ? ?c¥é ù t ] * 1% |′[4l?1zbYè f ?/ |% ' V| 1?M?¥?Y'h"|?ìM????5M?¥?Yv?sh"b%¥ |′S? ?%?b é ù???%B? | ~b  S′¥9 ? T 3-4 V?9 ? B ù· ? üá ü ( ? H9 ^31 -B ù· ? üá ü ( ?T1 ? * 1?B?· ? üá ü ( ?8 1÷$' S′ ??9bV T 3-4 V[w? [¥F ?" ?1 1-% )1( 0 F )1( 0 F U  ^?l¥ ?' ¥ ?′ ¥9 ?2T?Y ?lyN VE ?¨N í¥ T9 ? ?¨/ ? ?ZE9 ¥′ )1( 0 F )1( t F )1( 0 F )1( 0 F a) ! ??e S ? ¥?B? ?′' b )1( 0 F 1 )1( 0 yF = b) ! ??h+ ù¥e S ? ¥ ü (′ V1h 3?h 4? 5? y )1( 0 F i ¥′¥ ü ( ′' 3 32)1( 0 yyy F i ++ =  4 432)1( 0 yyyy F i +++ =  5 5432)1( 0 yyyyy F i ++++ =  2=Q· ? üáE 1 4ú· ? üáE HW? ¥??? V [BQ· ? üá¥$ é?BQ · ? üá?ü ^=Q· ? üá 9 ? T1  3-5 )2()1()2( )1( ? ?+= tt FFF αα 1t T? ii? t ù¥=Q · ? üá ü ( ? )2( t F α iiF ?" ? ii? t-1 ù¥= Q· ? üá ü ( ? )2( 1?t F =Q· ? üáB??°¤¨??? 7 ^_v=QM? ü (E¥e ? ¨ ???L? t ]M?¥ìaC`b=Q· ? üáaü V[y ?é???¥ T b  T1 Tbay ttTt += ∧ +  3-6 T? Tii HW?  ii1? t ù ?3 1??¥[a? T ù? ? ? ∧ +Tt y 14 ?Y {ü6 )2()1( 2 ttt FFa ?= ][ 1 )2()1( ttt FFb ? ? = α α  3¨· ? üáE??M ^   M ^  1979~1991 M? ?¥   ?V 3-3 ? U C E???M ^  1992~1995 M  b V 3-3 ?êa    t y BQ· ? üá )1( t F =Q· ? üá )2( t F 1979 9.3 9.3 9.3 1980 10.3 9.6 9.4 1981 10.9 10.0 9.6 1982 10.9 10.3 9.8 1983 10.5 10.4 10.0 1984 11.1 10.6 10.2 1985 11.6 10.9 10.4 1986 12.1 11.3 10.7 1987 12.8 11.8 11.0 1988 13.2 12.2 11.4 1989 13.7 12.7 11.8 1990 14.1 13.1 12.2 1991 14.7 13.6 12.6 M [ " ?B?9 ?BQ üá ü ( ?a=Q üá ü ( ? %2TnV b ?=?9 ? üá" ?B UCU )2( 1991 )1( 19911991 2 FFa ?= 6.126.132 ?×= 6.14= ][ 1 )2( 1991 )1( 19911991 FFb ? ? = α α )6.126.13( 3.01 3.0 ? ? = 429.0= 5??   T1 Ty T 429.06.14 1991 += ∧ + 15 ? ?c  {3 p ?? ? ??é??? ()a0.151429.06.14 11991 =×+= ∧ + y ()a5.152429.06.14 21991 =×+= ∧ + y ()a9.153429.06.14 31991 =×+= ∧ + y ()a3.164429.06.14 41991 =×+= ∧ + y  4 ?Q· ? üáE ?$??¥ ? wLC w q H = Q· ?ü? a¨  N H A??¨ ?Q· ? üáEb ?Q· ? üáE¥9 ? T1 )3( 1 )2()3( )1( ? ?+= ttt FFF αα  3-7 T? ii? t ù¥ ?Q · ? üá ü ( ? )3( t F ii? t-1 ù¥ ? Q· ? üá ü ( ? )3( 1?t F ?? T1 2 TcTbay tttTt ++= ∧ +  3-8 T? )3()2()1( 33 tttt FFFa +?= ])34()45(2)56[( )1(2 )3()2()1( 2 tttt FFFb ααα α α ?+??? ? = ]2[ )1(2 )3()2()1( 2 2 tttt FFFc +? ? = α α 3. ??μ¥ ? HW? aa ^??5¥ ????á 3μb ? μ? ?[ BQ??2TT1 ??¥S ??¨d9 ü (¥ZE ? ?b " -訥ZEμ ü ( 'μ? ü ( üZμb  1 ü ( ' μ HW?  143′ 1??′b n yyy ,,, 21 " n yyy ∧∧∧ ,,, 21 " ü ( 'μ1 ∑ = ∧ ?= n i ii yy n MAD 1 1  3-9  2 ü ( ü Zμ ü ( üZμ1 ∑ = ∧ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= n i ii yy n MSE 1 2 1  3-10 16 ?Y {ü6  L=?¨?è?¨Sμ ∑ = ∧ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= n i ii yy n S 1 2 1  3-11  =íBs??ZE íBs??ZE ^? Yt?Z¥yT1"y ? ?D ?w ?M ¥? ?′b ? ??ú ?1é??a  ù?? 9 ? a?é ù??¥31 ^ {3 p ???訥 ZEb 1. BíL?íB??E BíL?íB??E ^? ?L?M1¥M é???¥B?¨o?<¥ZEb  1BíL ?íBZ?¥B?? T bxay += ∧  3-12 T? x ii1M  iiyM  ∧ y abii??? ???1íB" ? ?[/ T p? ? a? b () ∑∑ ∑∑∑ ? ?? = 2 2 xxn yxxyn b  3-13 n xby a ∑∑ ? = (3-14) T? nii ? F ? aab" ? p aü V?  3-12 T ? x′¥ M? ?w ? y′¥? ?M?b  2M1" ? r M1" ? r ^ù? ?M  xay-W μíL?1"# M1?¥" ?b 9 ? T1 () () ∑∑∑ ∑ ∑∑∑ ?? ?? = ]][[ 2 2 2 2 yynxxn yxxyn r  3-15 M1" ? r¥ |′S?1 -1?S? S¥ '′¤ í  a ü Y? ZL?1 "z ?5L?1"μ ′¤í ü V a1=?? ? àμL?1"b  3?? u W¥ ?ù5 YVíBZ?  3-12 V ? x′?? y′ ??yM  y s1M  x[?  ?y ∧ y 17 ? ?c  {3 p ?? í¥?Y L=4?′D ???′ -Wèμμib ?T??′ y ? E?íBL ? ??vb * 1 ? íBZ?9 ?¥??′D L=4?′¥ êμ9v Q-g ?b 1  ? μvlüA? k b L=′¥ ??S?á ì31¨ ? ?d9ZE ?9 ??? uWb ∧ y a) S ?μ S y ò??′¥S ?μ S yV UíB°L???8 ? ?¥ á"?b S y¥9 ?  T1 ∑ ∑ ? ? ∧ ? ? ++? ? = 2 2 0 2 )( )(1 1 2 y)-(y S(y) xx xx nn  3-16 T? n-2 iid9 1? x 0 ii???¥1M ¥ ?′ n x x ∑ = ? b) ?? uW¥9 ? T K )()2,( 2 ySnty ??+ ∧ α  3-17 /K )()2,( 2 ySnty ??? ∧ α  3-18 T? % iiA÷ ? £ ü n-2 iid9 1? )2,( 2 ?nt α iits? " ?′ V? ts?V°¤  4BíL ?íB??E35?? ?B T ??m ?= s ??m ? ? 9 ?íB" ? aab¤ íBZ? T  bxay += ∧ ? 1 _¨BíL?íBZ? T¥ V L? ?? ??b  5¨Bí L?íBE??M ^   1979~1991 M M ^  ?S? = ?á ?M ^ ?  ?V 3-4 ? U b1995 M9 ? ?á 1 4.48a¨ BíL?íB??E???  1995 M ? { b ?B?T ??m ?m 3-3 ? Ub ?=? V ??m A ? {  ? ? u ?á 9F ?  6 t ] a ü V[¨ t ] L ? í ? ?b bxay += ∧ ? ??9 ?íB" ? aabb1L? 9 ??¨ ? D ?á M19 ?V ? V 3-4 ? Ub 18 ?Y {ü6 m 3-3 ??m V 3-4 ?êa ?á  x ?  y xy x 2 y 2 1979 1.35 1.01 1.36 1.82 1.02 1980 1.28 0.88 1.13 1.64 0.77 1981 1.41 0.99 1.40 1.99 0.98 1982 1.64 1.16 1.90 2.69 1.35 1983 1.75 1.21 2.12 3.06 1.46 1984 1.82 1.27 2.31 3.31 1.61 1985 1.93 1.30 2.51 3.72 1.69 1986 2.07 1.39 2.88 4.28 1.93 1987 2.23 1.46 3.26 4.97 2.13 1988 2.52 1.54 3.88 6.35 2.37 1989 2.84 1.67 4.74 8.07 2.79 1990 2.94 1.79 5.26 8.64 3.20 1991 3.03 1.84 5.58 9.18 3.39 ? 9 26.81 17.51 38.33 59.72 24.69 M [ " () ∑∑ ∑∑∑ ? ?? = 2 2 xxn yxxyn b 50.0 81.2672.5913 51.1781.2633.3813 2 = ?× ×?× = n xby a ∑∑ ? = 19 ? ?c  {3 p ?? 32.0 13 81.2650.051.17 = ×? = ¤??íBZ? T xy 50.032.0 += ∧ ? 1?_¨BíL?íBZ? T¥ V L?b () () ∑∑∑ ∑ ∑∑∑ ?? ?? = ]][[ 2 2 2 2 yynxxn yxxyn r )51.1769.2413)(81.2672.5913( 51.1781.2633.3813 22 ?×?× ×?× = 99.0= °M1" ?A÷?_V n=13n-2=11r 0.05 =0.553r 0.01 =0.6847 0.99>0.684 a üM ^ ? D ?á % =0.01 £ ü M1 A÷b ????? 1995 M ?  {  1995 M ? á 1 4.84a HM ^  ? { 1 ()a56.248.450.032.0 =×+= ∧ y ? V 3-5¥ ? 9 ? S(y)′ 20