水污染控制工程（下册）：水污染控制工程18

1 ? E?c ì gê ￡￥ ') ? ì gê ￡ü.d￥=)) ?[a
 ù? ' v?s??%8?μt$?" 
??? =± ￥??%8?·3￥μ]t
??? ???tb? 1±t?!té
?ùé ( ?? ￡ 3 3t
? ￡8￥??!?
? Y?¨ ￡ ￡÷b 2 ?B? ? ￥?" B . ?￥?" l ￡?￥?[μ?a??aeb ???b ?? 1? ? Tib 1. ?DE"? (1) 8?E l ￡?
 NH 3 D NH 4 + [?/￥ü? ?i
 ?+ +?+ OHNHOHNH 423 ?Bü? s pH′￥?Y
 pH′1 10.5~11.5 H
yl ￡ ?￥??? ?7d
 ?[8?Eè3F F?b 8?V? ?|l ￡￥ pH′4úà 10.5~11.5
?a÷ 
?BV?8? ó?é?b 3 YV a?￥ e?
 V???" ￡?￥??b 1h  o￥gF 
èD 3tb? ó¨
5b? "± ￥? =??b (2) |?F oE c??￥ ￡F o H
μ/ Q?
 ?+ ++?+ ClHHOClOHCl 22 OHHClNHHOClNH 224 ++?+ ++ OHHNHClHOClNH 224 22 ++?+ ++ OHClHNHOClNH 224 33532 +++↑?+ ?++ OHHNClHOClNH 234 33 ++?+ ++ 4 (3) ?0?DE è¨??￥ ?0?D4
?m F?b D?? ??M1
?? ?0?D4NìLRO V ¨ F? 3b 2. 3tE?? (1) 3t?? ? 3t?? ^± 3t￥T¨/
|μ??? ? ??1 N 2 ? N x O8￥V?b? ?b?? Qb? ?Q?V?b ]?T¨?"￥?G?Hq? ￡é7?
?T ± 3t%??c [ 12.5
9 ?
]???" ]eê ￡ BOD￥2
 5

??" q 8
 20
b 5 ??Q?
 ?7ê ￡?
c???t?1 ^[μ?
??a éaU ía? ???tab??t[#? ??? T i￥
N?9cμ  ?￥? ??? NH 3 # NH 4+ ?b ± 3ts3μ???tá 3?￥V??1??T ¨
?% )a? )?bL )??s3?aé#c?  3t
?s3? ?<
i db?￥± 3t?1? ?± 3t
??± 3t￥T¨/
μ???ts 3a?1? ??
[? ?1 è
 322 NHRCOHCOOHOHCOOHRCHNH +→+ 3222 NHCORCOCOOHOCOOHRCHNH ++→+ μ?
?aéaU í
 % )s3? ￡3 ? ? ] ? μ? μ?
NH 3 -N

% )%

ê9é
 O 2 b? 1·?1 &? eb ?? Qb?
NO 2 -
 O 2 μ b? b ?? Qb? ?
NO 3 -

N 2
 μ 6 b?Q? ^zHq/
| NH 4 + ?1 NO 2 - ? NO 3 - ￥V?b OH2H4NO232 2224 ++???→?+ +?+ eb ? ) ONH ?? ??→?+ 322 NO2O2NO2 b ? ) 9Q? T1
 OHH2NOO2NH 2324 ++???→?+ +?+ b?% ) b?% ) ^??1! )
 3é q?
ìaHq M??1 ù?b?
·3
êC -
 pH
μ μ???? ?á 3?Yb () ( ) ??????+ ?→??→??→??→? 3 2 2 22 2 2 4 NONONOHOHNHNH eeee b??? b?Q?
 b?V?￥?Yy í
1
zìaHq
i?B?￥a b? )1 ¤@￥? ¨? 3é
A??v ￥ NH 3 ? NO 2 -
 ^b?Q?￥è0 s8
Q?=·3c ￥ú ?
A|?Yb?Q?￥é?
b?Q?￥÷y=
· 3c ?¤?? 1mg/L
 ?D?yp·3?? 1.2~2.0mg/lb b?Q?V??
 db H+ ?0
 P pH′/?
b? ) pH ′￥M? Es ù?
1? aR￥ pH′
??ê ￡?? @￥a
[?? pH′￥M?
 lg? ??
[ N9
?? b?
3a
[ CaCO39
 7.14gbb? )￥ aR￥ pH′ 1 8.0-8.4b 7 b?V?￥?Yy í
2

?A?μtc ??Vú b? ) ^1! )
μéii? ^ ?￥92K?y í
? BOD′Vú
| P92 ??ú￥s!?% )á ?92
V 7 Pb? )???1a]? ?b
3
b?Q?￥ aR? ^ 20-30￥
15￥[/ H
b?Q? ? /?
 5￥ H??T?b b?V?￥?Yy í
4
b? )Q?=￥T = HW
' 3t%8ü (T = HW
êC -
 SRTn
A?v?Kl￥ W} HW
?5| Pb ? )V"d? @ >|D
B?a1b? )Kl W} HW a R￥?Hq/1 3?b SRTn′D? áMM1
??
 SRTn|′?M? üA4úb
5
"μyμ]té#×á ??
b?Q?á 3]?T¨￥ té?μ
úi￥ NH 4 -Naúi￥ NO X -Naúi￥μ éa?sμt[# ?? ?0?b 8 Qb?Q? ^·í￥Hq/
Qb? )|b ?÷ ? (NO 3 - )?eb ?÷? (NO 2 - )?e1?￥V?b OH4CO2NO6OHCH26NO 22233 ++???→?+ ?? b ??e ) - 22232 6OHOH3CO3N3OHCH36NO +++????→?+ ? eb ??e ) Qb? ) ?sY?  )
μi H
 ??[ O 2 1è0é??
í7μ NO 3 -  NO 2 - i H
 5[ NO 3 -  NO 2 - 1è0 s8
[μ1è08? ?!÷é?Qb?Q?b - 22233 6OHOH7CO5N3OHCH56NO +++???→?+ ? Qb? ) 9Q? T1
 Qb?Q?
 Qb? )}??￥] H
? ?"Qb? )￥ 3 éN2
' )8??V?
Q??/
 O19HNOHC3H3COOHCH14NO3 2275233 +?→?+++ +? O2.44H0.76CON47.0NOH.065C0HOHCH08.1NO 22227533 +++?→?++ +? T? C 5 H 7 O 2 N1Qb?± 3t￥?DF?bQb? ?e?± 3t??￥9Q? T1
 V[ ￥V? V?
? 96
￥ NO 3 -Nüs?V?? e
 4
ü]?V???± 3tb 9 ]?#s?Qb? []HNO OH H HNO OH H HNO 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 3 → ? + → ? + 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 NH OH H OHNH → ? + 2 2 2 2 2 N OH H ON → ? + ]?Qb? s?Qb?
 4H -H 2 O Qb?V?￥?Yy í
1
÷ ?1Qb? ) ? ?¨￥÷?
Vê ￡ 3t?? I n
 Vμ / ? ?
B ^eê ￡? ?c÷
?ì gê ￡?eê ￡ BOD5/TKN>3-5 H ,' Va1÷ @b= ^?F÷
? ¨J?
CH 3 OH

y1J?$s3a￥át1 CO 2 aH 2 O
 ? =??4?3￥?Wát
? ^ ?¨± 3tF?é?=÷ Qb?b
2
 pH Qb?Q?K aR￥ pH′ ^ 6.5-7.5bpH′ú? 8?? 6
Q b? ? q|v1/?b 10 Qb?V?￥?Yy í
3
·3i Qb? ) ?s!Y?  )
ís0] Hib ??eb ? ?0￥Hq/
 ? ì? ?¨?t ?0?￥é??
 Pb ?÷?eb 6BZ ?
Qb? )8=￥t ?"dF s
oμμHq/
????b?"
Qb?Q?R ??azHq?9￥Hq/é?
·3? e? 0.5 mg/L[/b
4
? Qb?Q?￥K aR? ^ 20-40￥
?? 15￥Qb?Q? ? qK?b1 ?B?￥Qb? ? q
?1??1?
 V ?¨?/n @
4ú 3t%8ü (T = HW
??μ? q
4úê ￡￥ ￡ ?T = HWb Qb?Q??
Kv￥ù5ü ^ê ￡? V¨?Q b?￥μ￥ # V 3?? ÷ e ￡?cμ￥μ ?F÷
¨J? =÷?÷
% )8=￥e 3 té#?i￥μt 11 (2) 3t??ya. ? 3t??y|μt?
b?#Qb? ? ? 7 ?
 ?B?s ?μ1-￥??y?ò1? ?￥êCí @"db -  V?i
M1  a?Qb?
 12 b. -?Qb?y? ]"ê?"d- ?
V÷y í @cμv b ?÷￥
?A
?y?é?Qb???
Q b?Q?[eê ￡?￥μt1÷
? ^"-Y? ￥?z
AO
Qb? 3t??y\b MLEy\}
AO
 3t??y\~
 13 14 15 16 17 Bardenpho 3t??y ! ? ??
?B ?¨e ￡?￥μt1 ÷??Bzy?í @￥cμb ??￥
?Aé? Qb?Q?b 1éB?4ú??r q
l ￡é??= Qb?Q ?
 ?¨=÷?÷é?Qb?b ÷y¨?8?l ￡?￥?
4úêC￥??? ?
]?=?y? 3êC ?C`b 18 c. a?Qb?y19 20 Sharon??/ ? ? § DelftvD? ü
 ?¨ ?????eb?/ ?
  ??
ANAMMOX:Anaerobic AMMonium OXidation
· ?Hq/
??[eb ?÷? T1è0 s8°¤$???￥V?
 NH 4 + +NO 2 - N 2 +2H 2 O ??eb?
SHARON: Single reactor for High Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite
 ^ ?¨ ?úμ ??eb?% ) 92?B+?
 Pb? ) >?é?b ANAMMOXy\1? SHARONy\2? P¨b Sharon??/ ? é ￡ SHARON ANAMMOX  ￡ 21 d.] Hb?Qb?
1
Q?·s?? ( ? ? SBR??" V?μ H9a1 ^B?] Hb?Qb ?V?b 22
2
?±ìa ? ? .d ? ?a1b?Q?o??1! )??
Qb? o??Hq/é?
íM ?
zQb? )?s !b? )￥iXü¤? ￡ LbzHq/? b? ) V[é?Qb?T¨
 è??i ? /
b? ) europea? entropha V[é?Qb?T¨
]"
μù???C?s! )9???μ??í ? (?? )￥b?V?
7?ts! )?￥v?s  μ zHq/￥Qb?? ?
'?ts!b ? )] H9 ^zQb? )b"-
ù?¤?￥z b? /Qb? ) ^ Thiosphaera pantotropha
?V?￥ zb?Qb? V? ^YV ?Q?￥
??5$ ??eb ?
a$?e??V ￡??"b
3
 3tD3 d
izQb? )??b? ) 23 24 25 Qb? !9 I ny í
 3. Qb?y￥ !9 Qb?u￥89 ?
 26 Qb?u￥89 ?
 Qb?u￥89 ?
 27 ?]÷￥Qb? ? q
 Barnard ¨ì gê ￡ T1÷ H ¤???Q b? ? q
 ?? ? q sY1 50
 16
5.4 ?ê
 mgNO 3 /L.h 28 =í @ q￥??
 =í @ q ￡b ?÷i￥?Y
 29 Qb?u￥89 ?
 ?c T?ó
 Q?y?óZ T 30 . ￡?ó
 31 . ￡?ó??
 . ￡?ó??
 32 . ￡?ó??
 33 34 9 ^μt?￥B??1í í
 ^?Q??￥± 3t 3é￥ ×1í í ?1 ?1
|8??t[#??!′4a 5? ?!?#c y<l ￡ 2]
 \é( ???3 3t￥N2
?ê ￡8{?ˉü?
￡éá ?0?
2] ￡á'÷b c ??t μ μ  ? ??2 ?a  ?? í ?÷
? ?÷ 10   a ?_÷ )10   a ?=_÷)  10   aê ?÷ 10   ? ?÷
? ?÷ 1  0  
 a? ?÷ 1  0   ? ?_÷ )1  0   = . ê ￡? ￥?" 35 B?ì gê ￡ ￡éD?b1p è??êCE￥± 3t]???
1.515
6TP 8
15
5
8
35
25
TKN(NH 3 -N) 2010150
200SS 2010100
150BOD 5 6050250
300CODcr B) BB) A SE?bS
mg/L
 é ￡ ￡é
mg/L
[" ???"[r??bS
$ 3t<?"
gF?D04"
è??êCE￥± 3t]??? ?Y?êCE :?êC? c ?]± 3t?× ￥1.5-2.0

YV]?T¨ V?" 12
 20
b observe y dBOD dTP ?= 015.0 3t<?" y\ V[ P¤"d?"￥ :?êC? c ]??× 5

 6
b 3t<?" y?T??? ?@?bS
üA?1ù?DE" 36 1. 3t<?" y ?¨z± 3t? )zHq/ê ￡?· 3? ?÷V  lT¨
?a??s ?7" b ê ￡?￥μt ??á ? )￥T¨/?1 Y ?
7?êC?￥ ) ￥? ? ? /
|8= ￥ s3
s3á 3￥? B? s ) 3i
 6B?s?  )?? l Y ??1 PHB( &?à ? )￥? ?%??8 =b s3??￥í dbíê ￡?
?ü ^  d b  ìa?
 é?z ?a
 )|%i?8=￥ PHBé? zs3i dv ?  )92? 3 ? ?
?s?? lê ￡?￥ ?÷
[ ￥ ? T ?8=
?ü ^z b :?êC?cV  l ￥ )
9ü ^Vê ￡??"￥c téb ?Y?êCEYV]?T¨ V?" 12
 20
b 7  3t" ??￥) ?"d?b￥ :?êC?c  V[]??× 5

 6

?" q' V ?@? b1pb zìa?
 37  ìa zìa μé á ? ) P Y ? P P P PHB PHB P P ) ) ) ) 3t"  ?
1
 ìaHq
 ???eèê
 BarnardaShapiro?|ù??C
 ? T k?
Qb???a
 ORPl?/?
 ? a 7 Sb
b H ORPB?l? 100mV
?·3i
 u?i·3
Y?  ) ü?????}?
??á 3?[ ?
9?? o?b
z??h{^?3μé
èNO x - i
á ? ) ?¨ NO x - T1è0 s8
]?  ??V?
Qb? Hh{^ 3t?3μéb 3t" ?Yy í
 38 3t" ?Yy í

2
μti# V ?¨?
 ÷￥?éb # ? q?Yv
.d ￡é ·S?4Q?μtF???é
 ASM?é B??s1
 ?1987M?Z￥ ASM1: COD tot =S S +S I +X S +X I ?1995M?Z￥ ASM2: ·3?D R ì?
 S A +S F +S I +X S
 X I SV U·3?Fs
 XV U R ì?Fs
/S S·3 ?
 I'?
 A??át
 F V??￥^ 3t?3￥b 3t" ?Yy í
 39
3
êC -
 êC -?Y"êC?b #êCc 
êC - é
êCc ?
?"?ê× ￥ ?] H{¨ ÷￥BODb Rensink# Ermelù? C -" ?Y
2TV ü
 SRT=30? H
" rT 40%;SRT=17? H
" rT 50%;SRT=5? H
" rT 87%b ] H??" "d?) ?zC -￥ ±b 3t" ?Yy í
 40 é ￡ i 10mg/L H
 SRT? BOD L ￥?" q ￡ i ￥?Y
 5.13.61.401000 7.56.85.75.0500 8.58.17.47.0300 9.59.49.19.0100  ￡ PO 4 3- —Pi
mg/L
 30d15d6d3d C -
?
 BOD L ￥?" 
mg/L

4
 pH′
 Dè? 3t) ?M]
 3t" "d? a￥ pH′1 ???±a?
?? a H???b 3t" ?Yy í
 41
5
?
  aR?S?=
?ú d ? y
?? H? a?üé u￥T = HWgF?÷ VFAb 3t" ?Yy í

6
 ?
 ?Y"d" rT￥?μêC????? :?êC) ?ZE?b 3t" ?Yy í
 42 (1) A/OE ^? y?zyF?￥] H?"ê ￡ ?μê?t# ￥) ?"db m 18-7  -z" y@? ? . 3t" # 3t??" y1. A/O 3t" y43 2. A 2 /O 3t??" y\?? 3. ?é￥ Bardenpho 3t??" y44 4.UCTy45 46 5. SBRy47 6. VIPy7. Phostrip?" y48 49 
?Aí @ ?ó ?ó N 2 ??y eê ￡ ) ? ￡  Q? ?Q? zQ? db ?? BOD?"ab?  l êCí @ :?êC êCí @ 
?Aí @ C ??y ? ￡   ? z ? s      ￡  ? y y y y ??y é ￡ :?êC .4#3y.d"  0y8.MSBR??" y M ?C, ?ó ??yú 1# =?ìí @ 
?Aí @ 
?Aí @ é ￡ Q ?yB C ￡s ?y  y ?y= ?÷y 3# 2# 4# 5# 6# bA  ￡ Q ??y?
















 @
?A Q M H ?í ?í ?í ?í ?í ?í ?í H ?ói ê?ó?ó?ó÷?? H ÷i ê?ó?ó?ó÷?? H ??i ê?ó?ó?ó÷?? H ??i ê?ó?ó?ó÷?ó H ??i ê?ó?ó?ó÷÷ H ??i ê?ó?ó?ó÷?? .4#3yü ?m .4#3?íyT ? 50 M M M é ￡ M  ￡ M M 9.? T? ) ? ￡ M M í"d) ? M ?ó M ?ó 1# 2# 3# M M M M M ÷ é ￡ 10. UNITANKy51 11. YAAOyé ￡










??



 




z




?



z









=?y






 ￡
÷s @
êCí @
12.ò? 3t" ??" y\ !9? ? 52 12.ò? 3t" ??" y\a?? 53 54 1 . ?DE" 3t) ?-?gFá ?÷D ??? 3à`T¨b ?DE" V[??? ? P¨
CEPTE

 V[ T1?) ? P¨
 V[ 3t) ?a P¨
BC E

9 V[] Hé?x]T¨
?D 3tà`y \
b Al 3+ +PO 4 3- =AlPO 4
±à8
 Fe 3+ + PO 4 3- =FePO 4
±à8
 
`4gF B?? :19 ?
 ? ?gF 1
 1
 L=1gF 1.5-2.5b ?D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù??D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù? ?D
`D 3t?3￥μ2? 55 ?D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù??D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù? ?D 3tà`??A 5) ?ì gê ￡ k @? 
? ké ￡ ?D 3tà`Q?y ? 
`4 PAM ? ??A 5 ??y??y ?W ￡Q ?D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù??D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù? 50m 3 /d? kù? ? 56 ?D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù??D 3tà`
??A 5F?y\) ?ì gê ￡ù? ?D
`E <?B)) ? ?D 3tà` <?B)) ? 3tà`E <?B)) ? 9F÷ ah 
`4gF h ÷ a9F
`4gF  ?D" gF04B? ^ ? ?9 ? ￥ 1.5-2.5b gFey
 ?" PO 4 3- ? i?? T
[ PO 4 3- 9 ?￥ ü ê 
?
`4?D ?té??ˉ??t
è I n?± 3t￥?
 pH′ V??M aR
é??Q? ^? ?￥
T = HW=?B?r?ü?  ?b ?D04gF  57 ?¨#$E
?Té ￡ c NH-
 3t]??? "NH-
?DE3?" NH-
[?  N  E 9 ?
' ?l H X? 
[B?￥ :1 ?gF
`4 
ê V? :1

?
 :1?9 ?
3 ?l HgF X? 
`4
 ?gF
`4? ?1 ? o? h
[ h9 ? H
31 F h 
? Xl H D ??"M  0  s0 
 F0 
?
"HI A ??? ? o? h￥μrc "M  0  ?
× ? s ?
5 ?l H3F

HI A ??? ? o? h￥1×|
5 ?l HF0 [ x 69

HI  HN- -I I n? @ ?i￥?′M?
F09 ,? ?1 -I
YV ? m???￡ù1? e?b ?=? ì gê ￡￥ ') ? 58 59 B . ?? ?1?".d?êCE @?￥4?3??t
 ? =￥í??t
??
 ;?t?×á ?b = . gFx?￥?êCy ?y\ ^|?°¤F?÷y?
 P 3t? Dt ??] Hé?b 60 m 18-10 gFx?￥?êC\ @?m ? . ?D?E l ￡￥'') ??
?¨?D?E V?"??
 ??? =μt￥i#h  ￡?% )?hy￥ ? b 
 
 S? ???? $0%i ???? #0%  i o ??′ 4 
 LHLH?￥μtT¨?D04 V 18-6 ?=) ￡μ??t ?3￥?D04  61 62 63 64 65 66