Unit 1 Invented Words ? Ⅰ Objective ? Knowing the history of English vocabulary. ? Understanding the composition of English vocabulary ? Learning reading skill: newspaper headlines ? ?Time Arrangement ???? Text: 2 hours ???? Discussion: 0.5 hour ???? Reading Skill: 1 hour ? Ⅲ Related Information ????? History of English ????? Church Latin: While the Anglo-Saxons were establishing their power in England and making their language the main language of the country, the Roman Empire was sinking deeper and deeper into trouble. By A.D.476 the western empire had ceased to exist. And since the Germanic people has no interest in preserving Roman culture, it just died. The Church was all that was left of Roman civilization. But Latin survived as the language of church and the wealthy, educated class, and was to have a profound effect on the development of southern Europe and England. ? ? ? ? ? ? 　 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Low German??????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? 　 ??????????????????????? Church Latin?????????????????? Anglo-Saxon??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?　 ? ? 　 ??????????????????????? Old Norse????????????????????????? Old English?????????????????????????? Danish ? ? ?　 　 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Middle English ???????????????????? Norman English ? ? 　 ? ? 　 ??????????????????????? Latin, Greek??????????????????? Modern English??????????????????????? other languages ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? Middle English: Gerffrey Chaucer was born some hundred years after the last war of the Crusades (1095-1291), in the early part of Renaissance while Shakespeare was born in the last part of Renaissance. During the lifetime of these two great writers, the English language was sorting itself out from the chaos of Middle English. By the time of Shakespeare’s death in 1616, our history and language had entered the modern period. ? ????? A Comparison List Norse???????????? English??????????????????????????? French??????????? English anger????????????????????? wrath?????????????????? ????????????????????????????? reply??????????????????? answer nay???????????????????????? no????????????????????????????????????????????????????? odour?????????????????? smell fro????????????????????????? from????????????????????????????????????????????????? annual????????????????? yearly raise??????????????????????? rear??????????????????????????????????????????????????? demand??????????????? ask ill??????????????????????????? sick?????????????????????????????????????????????????? chamber?????????????? room skill???????????????????????? craft????????????????????????????????????????????????? desire?????????????????? wish skirt??????????????????????? shirt?????????????????????????????????????????????????? power????????????????? might scatter???????????????????? shatter 　 ? Ⅳ Emphasized Points ? Key Words 1. imitative words: onomatopoeia, referring to the words that sound like the thing or action they stand for. 2. compound words: words made up of two independent words. 3. root, suffix, prefix ? Ⅴ Text Comprehension ??? The English Words ? ?????????????????????????????????? 4/5 words ??? Anglo-Saxon ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Germanic ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? French 600 000 words??????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 1/5 words????? borrowed words ???????????????????? ? words from name of place or people other kinds??? ? imitative words ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? invented words ? ??? Comprehension Questions ????? Why do people use gobbledygook? When people talk or write using ling, fancy words that really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook. Unfortunately, many people use gobbdygook because they want to seem more important than they are, or because they don’t really want people to understand what they mean or what they are doing. ? ????? What’s Humpty Dumpty’s opinion regarding the meaning of a word? Do you agree? Why or why not? Dumpty insists words can mean whatever he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand anyone else. ? ????? What make a master of language? Can you name some master of English language? A master of language knows what words really mean, and where they come from; knows when to use big, important ones and when to use the shorter, equally important simple ones. Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once, “Short words are best, and old words when they are short, are best of all.” 　 ? Ⅵ Reading Skill ? Newspaper Headline Newspaper, along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinions. A newspaper has separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, comics, classified ads, etc. You can be a better reader, if you know what to expect in a newspaper. For example, when you read a newspaper you usually look quickly at headlines first. Newspaper headline have a language of their own and it is necessary to learn about it. ?????? Two types of headline There are two types of headlines. Most news stories in the Bangkok Post use sentence headlines although they may be shortened by omitting certain words as you will see later. Many feature stories and some very short news stories use phrase headlines or titles which leave out the verb. Here are some examples of both: ? 1.? Sentence headlines Police rescue 12 divers as launch sinks off Phi Phi Pen manufacturers still see good future for luxury pens ? 2.? Phrase headlines Getting in touch with the spirits Heroism and cowardice at the “Top of the World” Reward for tracing suspect ? ?????? The grammar of sentence headlines Almost all sentence headlines in the Bangkok Post use the present tense—despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Headlines pack a great deal of information into a limited space, so it is not surprising that Bangkok Post headline writers use several methods to conserve space. One obvious example is to use abbreviations (“PM” for “Prime Minister”, etc.). But they also use a special grammar, omitting articles (“a” and “the”) and the verb “to be” wherever possible. ? Cooperation agreement signed (A cooperation agreement is signed) ? Australian ex-judge sworn in to represent UK queen (An Australian ex-judge is sworn in to represent the United Kingdom queen) ? Be sure to notice that the omission of the verb “to be” can make the headline appear to be in the past tense when it is actually present tense, passive voice. 　 ?????? Finding out what happened ? Ⅶ Homework ??????? For “Group Work”, list a graphic illustration of the composing of English words. ??????? Find your own examples of each kinds of the mentions type of words. ??????? Finish the exercises behind the text. ??????? Home reading: History of English