Introduction to Soil Science
By
Genxing Pan
Department of Soil Science,&
Inst,Resources,Ecosystem &
Environment of Agriculture (IREEA)
www.ireea.kyjg.njau.edu.cn
Soil-Soils
Introduction,Contents
? What is Soil?
? What is soil science?
? Why do we study soil (science)?
Soils in a changing Earth
What is Soil?
What is Soil?
What is a Soil?
What is a soil?
What is a soil?
Definition:
? Soft
? Natural body
? Sustaining life (incl.Support plant
growth)
? Dynamically changing
? At the earth surface
Soil Vs Land
? 1,soft growth media vs babitat
media
? 2,Fertility vs productivity
? 3,natural Vs social-economical
Soil Vs Land?
Why do we study soil?
Decreasing capacity of natural resources
四
海
之
内
，
莫
非
王
土
？
Why do we study soil?
? Deterioration of ecosystem and environment
(incl,Land degradation)
? The Changing Earth
Why do we study soil?
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides natural sink
What do we study?
Soil provide meso- and micro- habitat for
organisms
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides shelter and preserves cultural heritage
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides natural beauty
Why do we study soil?
? Are we less dependent on soils?
Why do we study soil?
Urbanization---Urban soils
Hydroponic culture– Organic farming
Plastics---cornstarch plastics,polyesters
or cottons
What is Soil Science? What is
the role of soil science?
? Study of soil as an part of terrestrial
ecosystem,environment,and integrated
Earth surface System;
? Study of soil by physical,chemical and
biological means and others;
? Study of soil in scales ranging from molecular
to pedosphere;
? Study of soil in interaction with water,air,
biomes,and human,etc.
Soil Science
? Soil - plant science,- ion uptake,soil
fertility,nutrient transport,
bioavailability; food quality
? Soil-water science,water translocation,
water use efficiency; nutrient loading,
drinking water quality
? Soil- air science,gas exchange,
emissions,GHE,Global change
Soil Science
? Soil – material science,soil mechanics
or dynamics,soil engineering;
? Soil – ecosystem science,soil
ecosystems,stability of ecosystem,
Biodiversity and ecological safety
? Soil - landscape science,soil
associations,land use patterns,soil
archeology,etc
Closely related science
? Food Science
? Medicine & Health science,
? Archaeology
Role of Soil Science
? Basic discipline of natural sciences;
? Fundamental science of agricultural
sciences;
? Core science of environmental and
ecological sciences;
?
Role of Soil Science
Impacts in:
? Land use planning;
? Help solve food supply,ex,Sandro
? Policy making - agriculture and
environment protection;
? Consultancy,standards,restrictions,
etc,WHO project
? IUSS,a member of ICSU
? World Soil Day,December 5 as
proposed
? Soil projects among IGBP-Core projects
? Soil science department in the land
grant universities
? Winner of food Prize– Prof,Sanchez
Role of Soil Science
Overview of Soil Science
History
? Ancient time,
? End of 19 century:
? Lipig,Mineral nutrition of plant,1840
? Docuchayev (1883,Chernozem in
Russian Great Plain;
? Waksman,1930’s,Soil colloids
? USDA,Soil Taxonomy,1975
Soil Science in China
? Ancient time:
? 1,,尚书, ?禹贡 ;2,,管子, ? 地员篇 ;3,
Dynasty Soil Mosaic
? Modern time,
? 1930’s,Soil Research Unit;
? 1940’s,Soil Survey,
Soil Science in China
? 1950’s,Soil Resource Survey and
Rehabitation; Soil Science Institute
? National Soil Survey(2 times),Chinese
Soil Taxonomic Classification
? Late 1980’s – early 2000’s,Soil
Science expanded
? State Discipline of Soil Science
Soil Science System
? Soil fertility- Soil Quality
? Pedology-Soil Science;
? Soil water- SPAC
? Ped – Soil system- Soil ecosystem-
Earth System
二级学科 三级学科 分支学科
土 壤 科
学
土壤发生与分布 土壤发生学与地理学,土壤形态学,古土壤学,土壤分类与制图
土壤物理学 土壤水分与溶质迁移,土壤空气与土－气交换,土壤结构与力
学
土壤化学与矿物学 土壤粘土矿物学,土壤胶体与表面化学,土壤溶液化学
土壤生物学 土壤微生物学,土壤动物学,土壤生物化学与酶学
土壤肥力学 土壤养分及其利用,土宜学
土壤环境学 土壤污染与控制,土壤环境监测与评价
土壤资源学 土壤资源调查与评价,土壤资源利用与保护,数字土壤学
土壤生态学？
全球变化土壤学？
Soil Science System
Soil Science SYstem
知识层面 理论及其服务 技术及其应用
指导与支撑层
面
辩证唯物论，地球系统科学，
物质科学
现代分析技术，现代信
息技术与计算机技术
中心层面 土壤发生发育理论，土壤物
质形态与效应理论
土壤分析技术，土壤监
测网络
应用层面 农业发展，环境保护，地球
表层过程
肥力分析，环境分析，
生态分析
Unique Soils of China
? Soils of Loess;
? Soils in Tibetan Plateau;
? Soils of Paddy-Paddy soils
? Soils on limestone in southwestern
China
What will we learn from soil
science?
? Nature
? Properties
? Behaviors (Functions)
? Trends in the changing environment
? Fundamental methodology of soil
researches
How do we study soil science?
Field studies,precise sampling and detailed observation
How do we study soil science?
Macro to micro scale modern analytical facilities:
How do we study soil science?
Modern tracing and monitoring techniques
Further reference:
1,http/:www.IUSS.org
2,http/:www.SSSA.org
3,http/:www.njau.edu.cn/htm.index/ireea
4,http/:www.issas.ac.cn
Welcome to join us!
By
Genxing Pan
Department of Soil Science,&
Inst,Resources,Ecosystem &
Environment of Agriculture (IREEA)
www.ireea.kyjg.njau.edu.cn
Soil-Soils
Introduction,Contents
? What is Soil?
? What is soil science?
? Why do we study soil (science)?
Soils in a changing Earth
What is Soil?
What is Soil?
What is a Soil?
What is a soil?
What is a soil?
Definition:
? Soft
? Natural body
? Sustaining life (incl.Support plant
growth)
? Dynamically changing
? At the earth surface
Soil Vs Land
? 1,soft growth media vs babitat
media
? 2,Fertility vs productivity
? 3,natural Vs social-economical
Soil Vs Land?
Why do we study soil?
Decreasing capacity of natural resources
四
海
之
内
，
莫
非
王
土
？
Why do we study soil?
? Deterioration of ecosystem and environment
(incl,Land degradation)
? The Changing Earth
Why do we study soil?
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides natural sink
What do we study?
Soil provide meso- and micro- habitat for
organisms
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides shelter and preserves cultural heritage
Why do we study soil?
Soil provides natural beauty
Why do we study soil?
? Are we less dependent on soils?
Why do we study soil?
Urbanization---Urban soils
Hydroponic culture– Organic farming
Plastics---cornstarch plastics,polyesters
or cottons
What is Soil Science? What is
the role of soil science?
? Study of soil as an part of terrestrial
ecosystem,environment,and integrated
Earth surface System;
? Study of soil by physical,chemical and
biological means and others;
? Study of soil in scales ranging from molecular
to pedosphere;
? Study of soil in interaction with water,air,
biomes,and human,etc.
Soil Science
? Soil - plant science,- ion uptake,soil
fertility,nutrient transport,
bioavailability; food quality
? Soil-water science,water translocation,
water use efficiency; nutrient loading,
drinking water quality
? Soil- air science,gas exchange,
emissions,GHE,Global change
Soil Science
? Soil – material science,soil mechanics
or dynamics,soil engineering;
? Soil – ecosystem science,soil
ecosystems,stability of ecosystem,
Biodiversity and ecological safety
? Soil - landscape science,soil
associations,land use patterns,soil
archeology,etc
Closely related science
? Food Science
? Medicine & Health science,
? Archaeology
Role of Soil Science
? Basic discipline of natural sciences;
? Fundamental science of agricultural
sciences;
? Core science of environmental and
ecological sciences;
?
Role of Soil Science
Impacts in:
? Land use planning;
? Help solve food supply,ex,Sandro
? Policy making - agriculture and
environment protection;
? Consultancy,standards,restrictions,
etc,WHO project
? IUSS,a member of ICSU
? World Soil Day,December 5 as
proposed
? Soil projects among IGBP-Core projects
? Soil science department in the land
grant universities
? Winner of food Prize– Prof,Sanchez
Role of Soil Science
Overview of Soil Science
History
? Ancient time,
? End of 19 century:
? Lipig,Mineral nutrition of plant,1840
? Docuchayev (1883,Chernozem in
Russian Great Plain;
? Waksman,1930’s,Soil colloids
? USDA,Soil Taxonomy,1975
Soil Science in China
? Ancient time:
? 1,,尚书, ?禹贡 ;2,,管子, ? 地员篇 ;3,
Dynasty Soil Mosaic
? Modern time,
? 1930’s,Soil Research Unit;
? 1940’s,Soil Survey,
Soil Science in China
? 1950’s,Soil Resource Survey and
Rehabitation; Soil Science Institute
? National Soil Survey(2 times),Chinese
Soil Taxonomic Classification
? Late 1980’s – early 2000’s,Soil
Science expanded
? State Discipline of Soil Science
Soil Science System
? Soil fertility- Soil Quality
? Pedology-Soil Science;
? Soil water- SPAC
? Ped – Soil system- Soil ecosystem-
Earth System
二级学科 三级学科 分支学科
土 壤 科
学
土壤发生与分布 土壤发生学与地理学,土壤形态学,古土壤学,土壤分类与制图
土壤物理学 土壤水分与溶质迁移,土壤空气与土－气交换,土壤结构与力
学
土壤化学与矿物学 土壤粘土矿物学,土壤胶体与表面化学,土壤溶液化学
土壤生物学 土壤微生物学,土壤动物学,土壤生物化学与酶学
土壤肥力学 土壤养分及其利用,土宜学
土壤环境学 土壤污染与控制,土壤环境监测与评价
土壤资源学 土壤资源调查与评价,土壤资源利用与保护,数字土壤学
土壤生态学？
全球变化土壤学？
Soil Science System
Soil Science SYstem
知识层面 理论及其服务 技术及其应用
指导与支撑层
面
辩证唯物论，地球系统科学，
物质科学
现代分析技术，现代信
息技术与计算机技术
中心层面 土壤发生发育理论，土壤物
质形态与效应理论
土壤分析技术，土壤监
测网络
应用层面 农业发展，环境保护，地球
表层过程
肥力分析，环境分析，
生态分析
Unique Soils of China
? Soils of Loess;
? Soils in Tibetan Plateau;
? Soils of Paddy-Paddy soils
? Soils on limestone in southwestern
China
What will we learn from soil
science?
? Nature
? Properties
? Behaviors (Functions)
? Trends in the changing environment
? Fundamental methodology of soil
researches
How do we study soil science?
Field studies,precise sampling and detailed observation
How do we study soil science?
Macro to micro scale modern analytical facilities:
How do we study soil science?
Modern tracing and monitoring techniques
Further reference:
1,http/:www.IUSS.org
2,http/:www.SSSA.org
3,http/:www.njau.edu.cn/htm.index/ireea
4,http/:www.issas.ac.cn
Welcome to join us!
