四级考试简介 成绩90分以上需要背4200个单词 成绩70－80分需要背457个单词 单词的重考率极高，比如：available（四级最爱） constrain（六级永陪词汇） 主考时态：容易成为答案的时态 1、过去完成时2、将来完成时3、完成进行时 课程安排： 1. 摸底，讲单词2. 时态，非谓语动词3. 虚拟语气4. 倒装，主谓一致5. 从句6. 综合串讲 长得像的选项有一个是答案 [P56-24]Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 注：押头韵去除D。 [P56-29]By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 注：押尾韵去除C。 摸底[P56-Unit 17] 21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______it. A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel 注：postpone 推迟 refuse 拒绝 delay 推迟，拖延 cancel 取消 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need. A) all the information B) all the informationsC) all of information D) all of the informations 注：1. information 不可数名词 2. all of 表示of 中的全部，所以后面名词一定要有明确的范围，必须加以限定。而all 没有这个要求。 23. Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground. A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived 注：1. not until 句型 2. 过去完成时与一般过去时成对使用 24. Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 注：conservative 保守的 content 满足；内容 confident 自信的 generous 慷慨的 25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied 注：exaggerated 夸大的 26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded 27. I have no objection _______ your story again. A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having heard D) to have heard 注：object to doing 反对。其中 to为介词。动词跟介词，则相应的名词形式也跟介词 28. The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position. A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance 注：status 地位，身份 29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind .A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 注：adequate 足够的 30. You will see this product _______ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising 31. The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land. A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into 注：1. go through 经历困难而完成 congratulation（对新郎）best wishes（对新娘） 2. go along with 陪伴 3. go back on 违背，背弃 4. go into 谈论，谈及 32. The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone. A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present注：should 省略虚拟 33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A) whose B) which C) that D) what 34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town. A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stopped注：suggest doing 建议做... 35. I didn't know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary. A) look out B) make out C) refer to D) go over注：refer to 查字典 36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based on B) to base on C) which to base on D) on which to base 注：on which to do 介词+which+to do 结构相当于定语从句 37. There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A) that B) which C) in which D) whose 注：同位语从句 38. I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. A) or else B) and then C) or so D) even so 注：or else 否则要不然 39. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students. A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable注：partial 偏袒的 40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme注：extra 额外的 41. --"May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?" --"I'm sorry. M. Williams _______ to a conference long before then." A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone 注：主考时态：将来完成时，过去完成时 42. You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A) shouldn't follow B) mustn't follow C) couldn't have been following D) shouldn't have been following 注：本不应该 43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows 注：主谓一致，复杂主语中心词是growth，谓语动词用单数。 44. Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined 注：assemble （人群的）聚集 45. Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof. A) include B) involve C) containD) comprise注：involve doing = need doing 需要 46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A) with which B) for which C) of whichD) which注：of which 其中 47. In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.A) face B) time C) even tD) course 注：in the event of 万一 48. The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office. A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work 注：would rather 加一般过去时表示虚拟。 49. _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her 50. The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. A) within B) to C) by D) at 单词记忆举例： Ivy 常春藤 gazelle 瞪羚vigor 精力naive 天真的quaint 古怪的 acquaint 使熟悉 背单词的方法： 谐音联想记忆法： ambition 野心 ambitious野心勃勃的 ponderous沉重的，笨重的 sneer嘲笑,讥笑 exhaust 使精疲力尽 nuisance 讨厌的人 bruise 瘀伤brutal 残忍的curse 诅咒 2、近形对照法： adapt 适应；adopt 采纳；收养adept 有技巧的；熟练的 coast 海岸线（ocean 海洋）; roast 烧，烤; boast 吹嘘; toast 干杯 形象联想法： look 看；loom 若隐若现；liberty 自由；blush 脸红；amorous 好色的；morose 郁闷的；mortal 必死的；mental 智力的，精神的 记忆类型：1、视觉型：不断的重复 2、听觉型：自己录自己的讲解，不断的听 3、混合型：记情节，细节 爱情三部曲I：apply 申请 approve 批准 appreciate 感激 attention 注意attract 吸引 arrange 安排 appointment 约会 [P52-42]Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______, drawing millions of visitors every year. A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement 注：tourist attraction 旅游胜地 [P52-70]Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ______. A) appreciated B) approved C) appealed D) applied 注：appeal 上诉 subject to 屈从于，使服从 summit 峰会 高频成为答案词汇： 爱情三部曲 apply 申请 approve 批准 appreciate 感激 attention 注意 attract 吸引 arrange 安排 appointment 约会 engagement 约会 in that = because now that = since regardless of 不管，不顾 in terms of 根据 object to 反对（to为介词） bargain v. 讨价还价；n. 便宜货 pace 节奏 available 可获得的，可得到的 （Are you available? 你是否有时间？） [P1-42]There were no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance. A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available 注：1. preferable 喜欢的，更好的 2. considerable 相当多的，大量的； considerate 体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的 [P3-62]______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now [P5-48]The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court. A) objected to having B) were objected to have C) objected to have D) were objected to having 注：objected to doing [P6-56]Many people complain of the rapid ______ of modern life. A) rate B) speed C) pace D) growth [P13-58]Liquids are like solids ______ they have a definite volume. A) with that B) for that C) in that D) at that [P15-34]Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the color of his skin .A) regardless of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) with the exception of 注：1. in the light of 根据 2. by virtue of 借助于，依靠，由于 3. with the exception of 除了 [P17-57]______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A) For B) Since C) Now D) Despite [P23-59]He decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design _________ the light of the requirements of customers. A) an B) for C) in D) with [P27-43]It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _________ knowledge.A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive 注：通过押头韵排除C，通过押尾韵排除B 重要的词性： 1、动词和名词：名词是动作的发出者或承受者。 2、形容词和名词：形容词修饰名词。 I love a beautiful girl. 3、副词：副词修饰形容词；副词修饰动词；副词修饰副词。 I love a very beautiful girl. I always love a very beautiful girl. Not surprisingly, I always love a very beautiful girl. 猪八戒的五大特征： 1. vigorous 精力充沛的 2. glimpse 一瞥 love at the first glimpse 一见钟情 view 风景（不可数） a room with view《看得见风景的房间》；视野 come into view 走进视野 glance 一瞥 gaze 凝视，尤指感兴趣的看（gazelle 瞪羚） peep 偷窥 3. considerate 体贴的； considerable 相当多的，大量的； 4. consistent 一致的，和谐的； 5. be liable for 对……负责 动词：谓语动词有且只有一个。如果再出现动词只能以非谓语形式存在：-ing, -ed, to do To get a high score, we have to study hard. I came in, followed by two dogs. Seeing is believing. 口诀： 谓语非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 非谓形式有三种 -ing, -ed 和to do 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 主宾要用动名词 一、谓语动词常考点：时态、语态、情态、倒装、主谓一致 二、谓语动词的时态（共有16 种）： 时间：过去、现在、将来、过将（虚拟） 状态：一般、进行、完成、完成进行 三、四级考试中主要考的三个时态：过去完成时、将来完成时、完成进行时 1、过去完成时：到过去某个点为止所完成的动作；在过去发生了两个动作，先过去完成时后一般过去时。 过去完成时与一般过去时常常成对出现。 [P2-53]We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had [P28-25]Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been 注：时态题，A和D是虚拟语气，应排除。过去完成时所以选C。 A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came 注：1. because 从句缺谓语 2. 两个逗号中间的found on his clothes 是插入成分 William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably 注：1. peculiarly 奇怪地 2. indifferently 冷漠地 3. inevitably 不可避免地 Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker. A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrels [P56-23]Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground. A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived 注：Not until 连词，标明从句。主句倒装，从句不倒装。 Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition. Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English. Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy. 2、将来完成时：到将来某个点为止所完成的动作。 We'll have learned 3000 words by the end of this year. by then 到那个时候 [P8-45]By the end of this month, we surely _________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding [P8-49]Not _________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normally [P26-39] It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _________ by about 10%.A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising 注：rise to 上升到 rise by 上升了 [P54-55]Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in [P54-54]It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual 注：continuous 连续不断的 considerate 体贴的 continual 时断时续的，断断续续的 [P54-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ______ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors. A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that 注：in that 因为 [P26-34]We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _________ view. A) from B) in C) before D) into [P25-29]Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _________ through the window. A) vision B) look C) picture D) view [P24-66]I have no objection _________ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending [P43-47]My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left 注：时间状语从句，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 [P43-51]All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canceled 注：because of 介词，此句为单句，谓语动词有一个，所以选非谓语动词。独立主格 [P43-53]Remember that customers don’t _________ about prices in that city. A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain 注：1. bargain 讨价还价 2. debate 辩论，争论 3. consult 咨询4. dispute 辩论,争吵 dispute over [P45-42]By the end of the year all but two people _________. A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left [P45-70]Our journey was slow because the train stopped _________ at different villages .A) unceasingly B) gradually C) continuously D) continually 注：1. journey 旅行2. unceasingly 不停地，连续不断地3. gradually 逐渐地 4. continuously 连续不断地 5. continually 时断时续地，断断续续地 [P44-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that [P66-41]By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London. A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left [P63-31]By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ______ here for two days. A) will have stayed B) shall stay C) have been staying D) have stayed 3、完成进行时：更加强调时间性。 现在完成进行时为例：They have been standing there for 3 days. [P16-45]It seems oil _________ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) has been leaking C) leaked D) is leaking 非谓语动词三大类：分词、动名词、不定式 分词常考题型：做状语、做定语 分词作状语形式： ，主谓宾 不管谓语和宾语，只看主语能不能做这件事。 分词作状语题型，不定式不是答案。 永远不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed 过去分词强调被动状态，现在分词强调主动进行。 例：_____, I am listening to the music. Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu 注：看主语能不能发出这个动作，还是动作的承受者来选择是-ing还是-ed [P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed 注：“空格+逗号+主谓宾”表示分词作状语。 现在分词的常见形式： 1. 一般式：v-ing 与谓语动词同步发生。 2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。 3. having +ed 表示动作发生谓语动词之前。（在四级考试中不是正确答案） Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave [P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 注：分词作状语题型。 [P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at 注：分词作状语题型，A和D选项首先排除，situation和look是被动关系，所以选C [P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______ . A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety 注：nuisance 讨厌的人 单词记忆： exhaust 使精疲力尽 sting 蜇，咬 bruise 瘀伤 black and blue 青一块，紫一块，遍体鳞伤的 brutal 残忍的 kagroo 袋鼠 cougar 美洲狮 ignore 忽视 ignorant 无知的 ignorance 无知 ambition 雄心，野心 sneer 轻视，蔑视 独立主格结构：1、名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词 2、在句中作状语 3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态 4、with/ without复合结构 P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off. A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered 注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑 P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known 注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案 [P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades. A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done [P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started. A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered 注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。 2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。 [P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more. A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had [P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly. A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning 注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。 2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。 3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友 动名词：动作性的名词 1、是名词，可作主语和宾语。 2、两种形式：-ing 形式表示主动Seeing is believing；being + v-ed 表被动 being exposed to。 3、前面可有动作的发出者，即带主语（宾格/所有格）I remember him offering. 4、后面可有动作的承受者，即带宾词 Starving troops is necessary. 5、动名词作主语时谓语动词一定要用单数。 6、动名词的否定前面直接加not。 口诀：动名词功能多 能做主能做宾 主动形式-ing 被动形式being done 可带宾可加主 主为宾格所有格 [P8-44] After _________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed 注：介词后缺宾语，应为被动形式。 [P44-45] _________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated C) The girl’s being educated D) The girl to be educated 需要接动名词的动词： COMPARE: consider object to mind prevent/ permit avoid risk enjoy MISTAKE: miss imagine suggest tolerate appreciate keep escape [P5-49]The teacher doesn’t permit _________ in class. A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) to have a smoke [P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home. A) to be invited B) to have invited C) having invited D) being invited [P8-41] Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination. A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared 注：be busy doing [P11-42]Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) being fined D) to be fined [P11-41]I would appreciate ______ it a secret. A) you to keep B) your keeping C) that you keep D) that you will keep [P18-58]The man in the corner confessed to _________ a lie to the manager of the company. A) have told B) having told C) being told D) be told 注：1. to 在这里是介词。（having+v-ed唯一正确的一次） 2. to 作介词的词组：object to, look forward to 等 [P19-48] It’s no use _________me not to worry. A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told 注：固定句型 It's no use doing. 做什么事情是没有用的 [P20-55]They are considering _________before the prices go up. A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house [P20-59]He went ahead _________ all warnings about the danger of his mission. A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to 注: 1. go ahead 继续 2. mission 任务 [P20-65] None of the servants were _________ when Mr. smith wanted to send a message. A) available B) approachable C) attainable D) applicable 不定式的常考形式：作定语，作状语 1、作状语表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree. 2、定语表示将要做，分词作定语表示已完成。the surface to be glued （即将被粘好的）/ the surface glued（已经被粘好的） 3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役动词 have，感观动词 see。 口诀：一个感觉 feel 两个听 hear/ listen to 三个让 have/ make/ get/ let（听力中） 四个看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see 半个 help 两均可 被动以后 to 还原 [P19-53]My sister’s professor had her _________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting 注：have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 [P20-54] Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _________ it closely. A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed 注：1. 独立主格结构 2. 两个名词之间用-ing形式 3. 自然现象用主动形式 [P28-42]Don’t get your schedule _________; stay with us in this class. A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change [P38-44]They are going to have the technician _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed 注：1. 主动才能带宾语，have sb. do sth. 结构。 2. technician 技术工人 [P50-67]In Australia the Asians make their influence _________ in businesses large and small. A) felling B) feel C) felt D) to be felt [P50-42]I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered 注：1. interfer 干涉，干扰 2. offend 冒犯 3. impress 印象；express 表达 4. bother 打扰 [P51-46]I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him. A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak [P51-52]William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably 注: peculiarly 奇特的 [P58-30]You will see this product _______ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising [P63-16]They noticed a crowd of people in front of the Madeleine _____. A) shouting and cheering B) to shout and cheer C) to be shouting and cheering D) being shouted and cheered [P2-55]The children went there to watch the iron tower _______ A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected 加不定式与doing含义不一样的动词 FROGS:forget remember/ regret go on stop + doing 表示已做的事情 + to do 表示没做的事情 [P10-62]I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him [P27-40]If I had remembered ______ the window, the thief would not have got in. A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed 应该类的虚拟语气 1、应该做的事情 I should go! 2、非现实情况的描述 I should be working now! 3、懊悔不已的事情 I should have practiced more. 4、要求类动词后需要用虚拟语气，should 可以省略 如：require 命令；request 要求；reticent 沉默的；retinue 随从 innocent 无辜的；天真的 I DROP CAPS: insist, demmand/ desire require/ request order propose command advice prefer s uggest [P60-42]You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A) shouldn't follow B) mustn't followC) couldn't have been followingD) shouldn't have been following [P59-32]The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone. A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present 注：suggest + that 虚拟语气表建议should 可以省略suggest doing suggest 表明，不接虚拟 [P49-65]The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _________ after 11:00p.m. A) not to play loud music B) shouldn’t play loud music C) don’t play loud music D) couldn’t play loud music [P18-43]He suggested _________ to tomorrow’s exhibition together. A) us to go B) we went C) we shall go D) we go [P17-55]I don’t think it advisable that Tim _________ to the job since he has no experience. A) be assignedB) will be assignedC) is assignedD) has been assigned [P12-44]It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.A) not be started B) will not be started C) is not started D) is not to be started [P26-28]It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _________ after 11 o’clock at night.A) were not playedB) not to playC) not be playedD) did not play It is + adj. + that 句型，should 可以省略的虚拟。 adj.important necessary essential incredible strange naturalpity ashame no wander 与事实相反类的虚拟 1、与现在事实相反：用一般过去时（系动词用were） I wish I were not here. 2、与过去事实相反：用过去完成时 I wish I had passed CET-4. I wish I could have passed CET-4. (非正式表达方式） [P56-58]Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place . A) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived [P56-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors. A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that [P56-57]He is ______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious 注：1. optimistic 乐观的2. optional 可选择的3. outstanding 突出的 [P56-64]It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible. A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent注：It is + adj. +that 句型。 [P11-70]Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _________ your advice. A) follow B) had followed C) would follow D) have followed 注：表示与过去事实相反。 [P12-45]I wish I _________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A) have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) could have slept 注：表示与过去事实相反。 3、对将来事实可能出现的现象的否定推测，用虚拟语气。 I wish you couldn't smoke any more. would/ could/ should/ might + v. 用be to 表示将来，虚拟语气中经常出现were to do（考点） I am to go shopping. ---I were to go shopping. If only I were to go shopping. [P35-47]If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve 虚拟条件句 定义：在一个与事实相反的条件的基础之上所得出的应该的亦或是可能的结论。 虚拟条件句的结构：与事实相反类（条件）＋ 应该类（结论） 这两个部分没有必然而直接的联系，在解题时先看结论再看条件。 If Mr. Wang hadn't cultivated me, I shouldn't be working now. 同义词辨析：tame 驯化 breed 繁殖 raise 抚养 cultivate 培养 结论部分：would/ could/ should/ might + 虚拟 规律：如果把空格划在条件部分，一定要选择 were to； 如果把空格划在结论部分，有could/ would/ should/ might +have +v.-ed 为正确答案。 有时一些介词也可以表示条件：In your position I would kill myself. = If I were in your position... 此类词有：otherwise/ but for/ without/ with 虚拟语气中 If 可以省略，但是句序要变，If I were you... 改为Were I you... [P34-34]________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrivedB) Would they arriveC) Were they arrivingD) Were they to arrive [P34-33]Last year the advertising rate ________ by 20 percent. A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose [P16-42] Had he worked harder, he _________ the exams. A) must have got throughB) could get through C) would get throughD) would have got through 注：条件部分省略了if 用了倒装。 [P28-44]Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. A) has to ge tB) were to get C) had got D) could have got [P31-42]_________ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left [P12-46]We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him. A) had telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephon D) would have telephoned [P12-52]_____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A) Until B) Before C) From D) Since 注：not... until... 的句型。 [P13-58]Liquids are like solids _________ they have a definite volume. A) with that B) for that C) in that D) at that [P2-51]He must have had an accident, or he _________ then. A) would have been here B) had to be here C) should be here D) would be here 注：1. must have done 表示对过去事实的肯定推测 2. or 表否定 [P2-52]It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline. A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent [P3-62]_____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.. A) For now B) Now that C) Ever sine D) By now 注：1. for now 眼下，目前 2. now that 既然 3. ever since 自从以来 4. by now 至今为止 特殊句型： 1. would rather 加宾从时用一般过去时表示虚拟。 I would rather you didn't appear in my life. 联想单词记忆: Cupid 丘比特 Venus 维纳斯；金星 volcano 火山 Mars 战神 Apollo 阿波罗，太阳神 Diana 月亮女神 meander 蜿蜒而流 laurel 月桂树，桂冠 cupidity 贪婪 avenue 林荫大 revenue 收入，税入 adamant 坚强的 Adam's apple 喉结 2. would rather 加动词（原形）时表示宁愿，相当于情态动词。 I would rather stay here . 3. would rather 与 than 搭配。 I would rather stay here than go home. 4. It is time... 句型，用一般过去时表虚拟语气。 It is time you picked up a girl. [P45-57]“You are very selfish. It’s high time you _________ that you are not the most important person in the world, ” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A) realized B) have realized C) realize D) should realize [P45-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that [P45-60]If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now. A) wouldn’t be smiling B) couldn’t have smiled C) won’t smile D) didn’t smile 注：混合虚拟语气 首先判断是否是虚拟语气；如果是虚拟语气的话，见到now就是混合虚拟语气 [P41-48]I’d rather you _______ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A) don’t B) wouldn‘t C) didn’t D) shouldn’t [P41-53]If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she _____. A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do 注：在条件句中在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 [P39-59]You don’t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _______ on business first. A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone [P31-43]It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ________? A) we are going home B) we go home C) we went home D) we can go home [P24-61]To be frank, I’d rather you ________ in the case. A) will not be involved B) not involved C) not to be involved D) were not involved [P24-66] I have no objection ________ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending [P14-70]It took him several months to ______ the wild horse. A) tendB) cultivate C) tame D) breed 注：tend to 打算做某事 tend 照料 bar tender 调酒师 bargain 讨价还价，便宜货 (some bargains) bar 酒吧，棍子 embarrass 尴尬 ass 屁股，驴子，笨蛋 donkey 驴 barbarian 野蛮人 barren 贫瘠的 assassin 暗杀者 [P14-69]A completely new situation will _______ when the examination system comes into existence.A) rise B) arise C) raise D) arous 爱情三步曲II： 今天又是一个Friday，俺无事可做idleness，人也很lazy， 班长inform（通知）我，说今晚有个party， 一想到晚会上会assemble（无数）lady，心里感到阵阵(burst) happy， 今晚上帝对俺特别的mercy（仁慈），在墙角居然坐着个fairy（仙女）， lonely（孤单的）的眼神，迷人的appearance（外表）， 给俺留下很深的impression（印象）， 俺决定把握住这次opportunity（机会），【Opportunity knocks only once.】 于是上前说：Hi, baby! 她看也不看就说busy，眼神中透露出indifferently（冷漠）， 于是俺说：俺多少也算是个celebrity（名人）， 这一招果然effective（有效），她抬起眼看了看说really? 于是我摆了个pose说：你看我像不像Snoopy? 她说：切！那我就是lovely kitty。 笑容也变得sunny（阳光的），就这样我认识了我的honey， 这个故事听起来像fantasy（幻想，白日梦） 一致关系： 结构一致 平行并列结构是由平行结构的连接词连接两个或两个以上对等的对象构成的。 SOFTEN 原则：Smile, Open, Forward, Touch, Eye contact, Nod 平行结构标志词 FANOYERMB：for, and, as well as, not...but, not only... but also, neither... nor, other than, yet, either... or, rather than, more than, but I have nothing to do but call the police. 平行结构的原则：形式对称 [P5-50]I like watching TV _________ to the cinema. A) more than to go B) than going C) more than going D) rather than to go [P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home. A) to be invited B) to have invited C) having invited D) being invited [P5-48]The match was cancelled because most of the members _________ a match without a standard court. A) objected to having B) were objected to haveC) objected to haveD) were objected to having [P8-47]Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. A) not to want anyoneB) not wanting anyoneC) wanted no oneD) to want no one [P8-46]Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _______ any further responsibilities. A) take on B) get on C) put up D) look up 注：1. take on 承担；流行 2. get on 上车 g et into 钻进车里 3. put up 建立 [P8-41]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination.A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared [P9-48]We desire that the tour leader _______ us immediately of any change in plans. A) inform B) informs C) informed D) has informed [P9-55]In the course of a day students do far more than just _______ classes. A) attend B) attended C) to attend D) attending [P9-53]Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _________ harm them. A) more than B) other than C) rather than D) better than 注：1. rather than 而不是2 . more than 胜过 3. better than 比……好 [P23-54]Not that John doesn’t want to help you, _______ it’s beyond his power. A) but that B) for that C) and that D) in that 注：1. 考的是not... but... 平行结构。2. beyond 超越 beyond one's imagination 超乎想象 [P25-67]Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and _______ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A) not wanted B) not to want C) not wanting D) wanting not 代词指代一致： one... another... one... the other... some... others... one... the others... any 任何（共性） each 每个（个性） [P19-44]No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _____.A) the other B) any other C) another rD) other 注：neither 两者都不 P19-49] I have two boys but _______ of them likes sweets. A) both B) neither C) either D) none 注：common sense 常识 nonsense 胡说，谦虚地说 [P1-45____student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One [P1-42]There were no tickets _________for Friday’s performance. A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available 注：1. preferable 更好的，更可取的具有比较意义的形容词要求和 to 来搭配，如 superior, senior, junior, inferior, A is sencond only to B 2. considerable 相当多的，大量的 [P15-31]The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at ________ chemist’s. A) each B) some C) any D) certain [P15-34] Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, _________ the color of his skin.A) regardless of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) with the exception of 注：1. in the light of 根据 2. by virtue of 借助，由于 3. with the exception of 除了，相当于 other than [P31-39]All the students in this class passed the English exam _________ the exception of Li Ming. A) on B) in C) for D) with P31-40]Young adults _________ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs. A) other than B) more than C) less than D) rather than 注：rather than 而不是 [P4-41]We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ________ one this month.A) another rB) more C) the other D) other [P4-68] A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A) working out B) having worked out C) having been worked outD) to have been worked out 注：非谓语动词题型，句首出现名词为独立主格结构。 定语从句引导词：关系代词 1. which 指物，who 指人，人物混用/前面有不定代词/序数词/最高级时用that。 2. which 用在非限制定语从句（有逗号），如： He always changed his mind, which makes me angry. 3. as 也可以引导非限制定语从句。 as与which 的区别： 1) which只能用在句子中间和后边，而as可用在句首和句尾。 As makes me angry, he always changed his mind. 2) as 搭配：same as/ such as the same watch as you have [P1-43]It wasn’t such a good dinner _______ she had promised us. A) that B) which C) as D) what [P11-67]___ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A) That B) Which C) As D) It [P42-58]The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _______ is often the case in other countries. A) as B) what C) so D) that [P63-17]We had to sleep in our wet clothes, _____ was most uncomfortable. A) in which B) which C) where D) that [P3-60]The goals _______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which 注：1. fight for 为……而奋斗 2. fight with 与谁打架 [P3-56]The engine _______ smoke and steam. A) gives up B) gives in C) gives away D) gives off 注：1. gives up 放弃 2. gives in 屈服 3. gives away 走漏风声，赠送 4. gives off 释放 [P3-57] The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on. A) to be informed B) on informing C) informed D) informing [P42-62]We need a chairman _________. A) for whom everyone has confidence B) in whom everyone has confidence C) who everyone has confidence of D) whom everyone has confidence on 注：have confidence in 对……有信心 [P60-46] Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least. A) with which B) for which C) of which D) which 注： 1. of which 其中 2. On the one hand, On the other hand, Last but not least（最重要的） 3. face something = be faced with 4. 依照原句型造句： Learning English has its problems, of which reciting words is not the least. Students will face a lot of problems, of which improving yourself is not the least [P64-24]This is a subject about _____ we might argue for a long while. A) that B) it C) which D) what 注：作为介词宾语用which不能用that，但in that 除外 介词 + which + to do 其功能相当于定语从句。 The key with which to open the door has been lost. [P59-36] The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based on B) to base on C) which to base on D) on which to base 注： fici- 做 sufficient 足够的 deficient 缺乏的 efficient 有效的（效率） effect 有效（结果） proficient 熟练的 bene- 好 beneficial 有益benediction 祝福 [P12-50]You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _________ to suspend your tent. A) there B) them C) where D) which [P13-59] When a fire ________ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A) broke off B) broke down C) broke out D) broke up 注：1. break off 断裂（部分从整体上下来） 2. break up 打碎 3. break out 爆发 主谓一致 从句/ 不定式/ 动名词做主语，谓语是单数。 Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 You got 100 is a mystery to me. 从句在句子中做什么功能即为什么从句。 1、主语从句： （1）主语从句做主语，谓语动词单数。 （2）主语从句的引导词：how, why, whether, that,what（引导的缺主语或缺宾语的从句）[P7-69]How close parents are to their children _________ a strong influence on the character of the children. A) have B) has C) having D) to have [P13-55] In some countries, _________ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A) which B) one C) that D) what 2、定语从句主谓一致：取决于其先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词） 3、随前一致：以前面的名词为准。 A with B 取决于A as well as including with together with accompanied by 4、随后一致：not A but B/ not only A but also B+ v. 与B一致 5、就近原则：以靠近的名词为准。 n1 or n2 +v. either n1 or n2 +v. 6、A and B 结构： （1）A and B 指同一个东西，是单数。 a lawyer and teacher law and order 法律法规 war and peace 战争与和平 bread and butter 基本生活必须品 butterfly 蝴蝶 To love and to be loved 爱与被爱 2）A and B 所指不同，是复数。 a lawyer and a teacher air and water 7、时间/距离/长度/重量做主语，谓语动词单数。 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 8、百分比结构：取决于后面的名词。 of+n.+v.（由of后的n.决定） one+persent majority minority 9、many a +n./ more than one +n./ a n. or two/ every n1. and n2. 谓语动词都是单数。 10、The+adj. 表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。 The rich are always ridiculous. [P42-63]Over a third of the population was estimated to have no ________ to the health service.A) assessment B) assignment C) exception D) access [P43-70]The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ________ up to half will be from overseas.A) in which B) for whom C) with which D) of whom 百分比结构取决于后面的名词。 n1. of n2. 取决于n1.（非百分比结构） [P60-43] The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows [P60-42] You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A)shouldn't follow B) mustn't follow C) couldn't have been following D)shouldn't have been following [P60-41] --"May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?" --"I'm sorry. M. Williams _______ to a conference long before then." A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone [P60-44]Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined [P60-45]Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof. A) include B) involve C) contain D) comprise 注：involve doing 表示要求做 [P60-48]The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office. A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work [P54-41]She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ______ too long. A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read [P54-42] Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors every year. A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement [P54-43]I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late. A) you to delay making B) your delaying makingC) your delaying to make D) you delay to make [P54-44]The hopes goals, fears and desires _______ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. A) alter B) shift C) transfer D) vary 注：1. alter 细微的改变 2. shift 本质上的转变，性质上的转变 3. transfer 转学；调任工作 transform 改变 transport 运输 passport 护照 transplant 移植 transmit （疾病/广播电视节目/文化/语言的）传播 emit 释放 omit 省略 4. vary 差异 vary between/ throughout/ from A to B [P43-41]A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life. A) across B) throughout C) over D) within [P37-42]Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.A) for which B) to which C) of which D) in which [P37-43]Which sport has the most expenses ________ training equipment, players’ personal equipment and uniforms? A) in place of B) in terms of C) by means of D) by way of 注：in terms of 根据 [P30-29]Features such as height, weight, and skin color _________ from individual to individual and from face to face.A) change B) vary C) alter D) convert 注：convert （宗教信仰的）改变 [P54-45]Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______ in Cuba. A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating [P54-46]The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes. A) having seated B) seating C) seated D) having been seated 注：seat sb. 给某人安排座位 [P55-47]This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably. A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn 注：感观动词用主动 [P55-48]Some diseases are _____ by certain water animals. A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D) transmitted [P55-49]Wouldn't you rather your child _______ to bed early? A) go B) went C) would go D) goes coincidence （时间；空间）巧合 意见的）一致 倒装 1、承前否定，前面是否定后面也是否定意义。 nor, neither I cann't answer, nor can I. nor 是连词，neither 既是连词又是副词 I cann't answer, but neither can I。 考试中neither和nor同时出现时，通常考得是neither的副词用法。 [P3-59]She never laughed, _________ lose her temper. A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did 注: lost one's temper 发脾气 [P35-39] The manager lost his _________ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. A) mood B) temper C) mind D) passion 注: 1. in no mood to do 没有心情做某事 2. mind doing 介意做某事 3. passion 热情，激情 [P22-42]I could not persuade him to accept it, _________ make him see the importance of it. A) if only I could no tB) no more than I could C) or I could not D) nor could I [P27-33] The organization had broken no rules, but _________ had it acted responsibly. A) neither B) so C) either D) both [P49-57]We don’t need air conditioning, _________. A) nor can we afford it B) and nor we can afford it C) neither can afford it D) and we can neither afford it注: afford 负担，承担 2、only 在于句首＋状语/状从，部分倒装。 Only at work did he feel happy. Only when you get 85 will I feel better. Only you can go with me to the west heaven. （加主语不倒装） [P19-50]Only by shouting at the top of his voice _______ .A) was he able to make himself hear B) he was able to make himself hear C) he was able to make himself heard D) was he able to make himself heard 注: 1. forum 论坛2. summit 峰会3. convention 国际会议，传统，风俗4. conference 一般性的会议 5. seminar 研讨会 [P16-43]Only under special circumstances ________ to take make-up tests. A) permitted are freshmen B) freshmen are permitted C) are freshmen permitted D) are permitted freshmen 注：make-up test 补考 make for 走向 make up for 补偿，弥补 3、否定副词或具有否定意义的词在句首，句子部分倒装。little, no longer, not only... but also, rarely, not until, in no way, scarcely... when, hardly, no sooner... than 主句倒装从句不倒装。 [P6-62]No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _________ we all sat down to rest. A) when B) then C) than D) until [P52-60] We have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use [P52-59]Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker. A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrels 注：1. batteries 电池 2. barrels 桶 4、as, though 表尽管时，句子部分倒装。 Beautiful as she is she is stupid. [P35-40]Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging [P26-26]___ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published P51-48]The house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain. A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated 注：isolate 孤立 stimulate 刺激 prestige 名声，声望 ostrich 鸵鸟 同位语从句Mr. Huang, a CET-4 teacher, is a native to Dalian. 主语同位语从句： Evidence that Mr. Huang killed himself came out. 1）主语必须是一个概括性名词，如：evidence, news, believe, 想法，标志等。 2）同位语从句用来解释说明名词。 Evidence came out that Mr. Huang killed himself. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： I knew the news that he killed himself.（同位语从句） I knew the news that was written by you.（定语从句） 1）同位语从句是用来解释前面的名词，而定语从句是用来修饰、限制前面的名词。 2）同位语从句必须是特殊的概括性的名词，而定语从句可以是任何名词。 3）同位语从句 that 起引导词的作用（从句主谓宾完整），定语从句 that 起关系代词的作用（从句不完整）。 [P59-37]There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A) that B) which C) in which D) whose [P53-69]___ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated. A) It being B) It is C) There is D) There being 注：1. + 名词，选项中的 there be 结构为首选。2. 作表语是形容词优于名词。It is evident that... 3. evident 明显的 dentist 牙医 [P17-53]The mere fact _________ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A) that B) which C) whatD) why [P7-63]Evidence came up _________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A) what B) which C) that D) whose 难题、短语 [P1-41]The bridge was named _______the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A) after B) with C) by D) from 注：1. be named after 以……命名 2. be named by 被……取名 [P1-46]All _______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed 注：all that = what [P3-61]I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _________ in a quiet neighbourhood. A) all in all B) above all C) after all D) over all 注：1. above all 首先2. all in all 总的来说3. after all 毕竟、终究4. over all 遍及 5. overall 制服；总的 [P5-44]There were some _________ flowers on the table. A) artificialB) unnaturalC) falseD) unreal 注：1. artificial 人造的2. unnatural 不自然的 3. false 具有欺骗性的“假” false hair 假发false teeth 假牙 4. unreal 不真实的 [P5-47]Children are very curious _________. A) at heart B) in person C) on purpose D) by nature 注：1. by nature 天性 2. at heart 在心理上（强调内心世界） 3. in person 亲自的 4. on purpose 有目的的、故意的 [P7-67]What _________ would happen if the director knew you felt that way? A) do you suppose B) you suppose C) will you suppose D) you would suppose 注：do you suppose 做插入语，过去时用did [P6-54]Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _________ all their time. A) takes away B) takes over C) takes up D) takes in 注：1. take up 占用 2. take away 拿走 3. take over 接管 4. take in 理解；欺骗（口语） I was simply taken in. [P9-56]The French pianist who had been praised very highly _________ to be a great disappointment.A) tuned up B) turned in C) turned out D) turned down 注：1. turn out to be 证明是，结果是2. turn up 出现3. turn in 上交 4. turn down 拒绝；把音量调小[P15-32]You cannot be _________ careful when you drive a car.A) very B) too C) so D) enough 注：not too+adj 再……也不过分