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q?? l ?1/4 ?2/4 ?1/4 ?2/4
A B ccddE VC?￥à
q?? l ?3/4 ?1/4 ?1/4 ?3/4"9/256
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p9 V[9
y T' ?a }
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q b
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à
q
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q?? 1/2 ?1/2 ?1/4"1/16
b
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A B cc VC?￥à
q?? l ?1/2 ?1/4"1/8
??? y ￥ T¨ yo T
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? ? y
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k
B p￥1 " b
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? f ? b
(1) yBr (multigenic effect) '? y?Y]B?￥VC b
è ?
￥ íF8 ?
s 9 μ1??y e? ? gl
2
ag1
3
1T¨ ?
ü ?è =
s
í ￥ ? ? D 50 ?yμ1 ? ?B??
3M
? V
? =
s
í￥?Mh
> b
(2) By r (pleiotropism) '
y ? Y?? ?￥ V C b
è ?
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[? ￥ + ? ? b?±éB?μ
? <￥s
X ? = ?
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s
íc
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V
3t ? 8 ? a ￥ ? 84
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3
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e
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= ayoT
Bà
Q
yo T(interaction of genes)
?
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ê yo TF
2
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} 9
y (1A?
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BoT ??
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M? b/
ü
y￥ò?oTZ
Te?o
?/
1 aFT¨ (additive effect) μ t ?a } ? b
y?oμ=1A?
HVC
6B? 7íA?y
H?VCB??
b[
2((?1 è
a
ü b
A B?
^A?
HA B V C1K
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A bb??
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H
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μ
3/16+3/16=9/16 a b?1??aabb
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2
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1 è19 6 1 b
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1/4A bb
1/4aaB ?VC1??
6? 1/4aabb VC
1é??y7VC?1 è1 1 2 1 b
2 ao?T¨ (complementary effect)
y?
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^
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H
^
6
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F
2
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7/16
V C? b
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C5￥,
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l
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? 1/4C P 7, 1/4C pp a1/4ccP 1/4ccpp ? ?? 7ay7VC?1 è1 1
, 3 a b
3×?T¨ (duplicate effect) yT¨M
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yi ?5A?y
?VCM]￥? b??yoT?1×?T¨ b
? ?c ? ?s
￥
p 10
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?? B ???
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^
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l
T
2
+3T
l
t
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t
2
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t
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l
t
l
t
2
t
2
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x? b -
? ?￥VC??
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ü
BA?y?μ
P?T1 ?
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o1
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àμ
A?y
H VC1
6B? b`·??T??×?T¨￥L. ?T F
l
T
l
t
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l
t
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l
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t
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l
t
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t
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t
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x? byN
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H??a}VC?
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4A?
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? ?L.￥y
] e?
B?ê
?￥?a ?By1A?
H
?
6BA?y￥A?VC ??y
oT?1A?
êT¨ b
è ? ?
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HtNVCíhê F? Ht
l
VC{
sê F
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l
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ê F?
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sê F?
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l
V
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l
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2
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shê 1 ?h b L.?1
s ?·m
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2
￥?s ?1 è ˉ ?
^
yL,F
2
9 3 3 1 ￥M? b 9/16HtN Ht
l
?? HtNHt
l
￥A?VCμ?T
¨ oVCíhê 3/16HtN ht
l
ht
l
? ?9VCíhê
] 12/163/16htNhtNHt
l
?
?
àμA?y HtNi Ht
l
¤[VC{
shê KaB ? 1/16htNhtNht
l
ht
l
^
?
?VC?h b
íhê F
l
HtN htN Ht
l
ht
l
?TD???h
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l
ht
l
??5??a}
? 1/16HtN Ht
1
1/4HtN ht
l
ht
l
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l
VC
sê
1/4htNhtNht
l
ht
l
VC?h b yN A?
êT¨
H ??0}VC?￥1 è1 2 1 1 b
5??
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? ?L.￥y
]B?
?
3T¨ ?By[??
i
H
6By￥VCμ?T¨ b
è ??
ü
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HBy Pr ipr?
VCò1￥T
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H??
y cPr pr
êT¨
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VC
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2
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3/16C prpr pr 9
VC￡ ? 3/16ccPr
1/16ccprpr??
àμA?y C??c?
Pr pr
￥VC ?o
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[ F
2
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L.D 11
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l
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s ?1 è1 1 1 2 b
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By
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a /ê??
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?? b
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&?
e?
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6By￥VCT¨?1]?y b
??
ü
??aéat ??
k? a ? ?a ?
3 μ ? b ?T c(' ?6y ) I(]?y ) %??aé
a￥t ? F
F
l
VCa ? F
2
VC l 3 a ?
l
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2
￥y? ?·m
C I V Ca ?
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C y￥T¨
] "ccI 9
^a ? b ccii ?
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cc 9?
P?aéaVCt ? yN9
^a ? b oμ C
iii V Cμ ? b
ê T¨ ] ? T¨ ? ] ] ? y '
&?
%??7A?
êy"{?
ey￥V
C?,'
&
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VC]?T¨￥ F
l
CcIiD
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H ??0}? 1/4C I a
1/4ccI
--
1/4ccii?VCa ? 1/4C iiVCμ ? yN ??0}￥?s ?1 è1 3
1 b
￥+? f ??
^
? ?y￥ F
2
s ?1 è 9 3 3 1 ??0}s
?1 è 1 1 1 1 ￥$
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Ds ?
p1?F
pi?
± b ?oT￥y
÷ a}s ?1 è|÷ˉ
b
?
B? ? ?s
￥
p￥?¨
d?êy￥1?F
p ?
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ü
3tMs￥ "? ?v1?F
p ? ?A?Hq/ ? T'μ
?μs 5F
2
μ V
á
3 2
2
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μ 4 ?μs F
2
μ V
á 2
4
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2
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3
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n
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HF
2
μ V
á
3 l,048,576 ??]￥VC? y?ü÷
?
a
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1?F
p
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1
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￥yF b
? 1?F
p V[???a}?Ca
??8￥vá1 è T1 ??
?a} ?8vl￥? I b
è ?
￡?μ
§ (A)í
§(a)1A? Fh (R) ?h (r)1A?=?
^? ?L.￥ b
μ
§ a Fh (AARR) ?í
§ a ?h (aarr)F? ?
ù F
2
}Cí
§ a Fh?8 (aaRr)
] B8 (aaRR)]
V 8 (aaRr)] 2l 6??
?y?? F
2
VC?í
E uYyNà F
2
¤? 10 éB￥í
§ Fhé F
2
à
1?± 160
b F
2
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ê
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^?B
3 F
3
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L=a?yT? a?
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2
VC?? ?? ê¤
ù?VC?￥ü?
[ F
2
B?
1 p?v ?8 b ?l
a
￡??Tt￥ F
2
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.à1 p￡
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bN? ? 1?F
p F
2
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y?|??9FyN F
2
￥ê4 a?yT?
Es×1 b
? ?c ? ?s
￥
p 12
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￥
p￥
Lé# ?¨$
ayoT￥à
Q a ?? #ò? ??1? a??a}y? aVC?VC+
? b
L.D 1
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1c ?
íL.
p
1900
M
￡:?
p×??Ca ?
3t?￥<W×
j
3t SDE[÷ ￥
? a ±t1?
é??
k ¤
v
VL￥L.'
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L.￥2T? B?s
k??í1￡
￡:?
p ?B?s
k ?
àμ¤?
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p￥?
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6BL.C`￥
^?SD? +
3
(BatesonW)
0+ (Punnett) b?
e
ì?
4 SD￥3
d b 1910
M
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YVv
T?Z
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k ? a
6B ?L.C` ' ?
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U￥
vL.
p-a ?
íL.?1L.D?￥? ??L.
p b
:?
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(theory of gene)4
y ? ?8
?°L
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Q
L ? ?8
vv1?Z
L.D b ?
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4y
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p 7 O\é
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B a
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k
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k￥B? T'
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6 B?
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￡ (p)1A?éx ì (L)?x ì (1)1A?
k2T ?/m
U
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2
C
?s ?D1?FL.B" b??μ T' ??7
Oμ?￥×F ?? b?
^V1 è
AD 9 3 3 1 ￥ ?
1′μsv b7 O
VC T' ??￥é
v? ?
VC×F ??é
l? ?
′ b V[ A T'eμ
￥
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+
3￥
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k2T?V
ü e ?1]B T'
μ￥
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2
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= aM?M aMMà
Q
1.L.D
ü`?B?
k
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2.ü`?=?
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?
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3t? e?L.
￥y
^ ￥?B?
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üX ??￥y μ
400 ???
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7T?oμ 4
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a
üB?
3t￥y
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B a? ? ?
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1 ??0}s ?
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ì￥L.VCDB
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l
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1?VC
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^ T'F?C￥
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+
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L.D 3
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k b
2 P ? ? ￥
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7
F
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k?¤?￡
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(position effect) b
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u
eμ
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3
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= ? 1 D
= ? ê ? B
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8 b
homozygot)
H?
3
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h
s
ó
H ? ? ê u
é
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=
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M?
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t
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1 a? ê ￥ ? ?
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=?ê (paracentric inversion) ?ê u
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ê b
DW?ê (pericentric inversion) ?ê u
# ? ?8￥
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2 a? ê
?ê8 (inversion heterozygot)
H]÷
? ?8?BH?
3?ê7
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1 ? ê
?êB8 (inversion
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￥ ? 8 ? 1 ? ê
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5 ? ê ? ? 8 ü V
Q V ?
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u
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3
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tc ? ?82Ms 4
ü?a
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ù II B (m 9 i5) bm 9 i5
^
?Ke?￥?D?
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s
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1s10?
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M b
1 a^ê￥ ??
ple translocation) B? ? ?8￥
M ?
l translocation) ?T
?d]÷ ? ?
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8 5 ab.cz
w
9 i6) b
1 ^ ê B 8
(tran
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￥?ê u
(Ln)T1]??D
￥A?yS? Muller N$
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y??lM￥
CIB??E b
(3)?ê8aa
^ú?a b?
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￥10
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?
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6 B d ] ÷ ? ? 8
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Mo^ê (recioca
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3
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è ?
! ab.cde wx.yz
^
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^e?^
ê be?^ê
nKèn￥
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2 a^ê￥L.?1
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B
￥ ? 8 ?
slocation homozygote) b h
s
H ó
?èá
3 Va
￥0 b
B]÷ ? ?8? ?BH?è
6B
H
^ ^ ê ? ? 8 5
slocation heterozygote) bMo^ê8
ó? ??^ê
#￥
1H ? ?8]÷
?s
￥ YL
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E3 p ? ó b
?
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à?
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3￥
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B*??￥
y
^ Va￥ (m9 i7) b
= a^ê￥L.r?
(1) Mo^ê8
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#
Ts ??9
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1 a2B?c
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1
2
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1
byN
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2
a2
1
1/4 Va￥^êB8
1 a2 V a ? ? a 1/4? ??è￥?8
1
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)
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1
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(2) ^ê?á
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ê ? ￥ B t y - W × F
q μ
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(3) ^ê
Peμ￥
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M ? ? ?1
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n" 3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8? ? ?8
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a ?¨ ^ ê y
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a
?
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V
?
tc ? ?82Ms 6
l ú ? ¤ μ F l
= - h ￥ y bμ | | l ú ? ¤ (2n" 14)D7
3= ìl
(2n
?
>8]
H1A? Va
" 28)? F
l
ü l
￡6
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D-?í?V?ê Fh±é béB?¨ x
L) ? Fh±éi[
x
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81B
y MS?ay ms￥8
MSê? ?
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b μ ?
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?8iμ MS y￥|
￥0í
3
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3 ?
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1?ü V[¤?B??a
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(ms ms)
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7 ??xc?ay ms'' V
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L.D 1
??c ? ?8
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í?Y ?
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?
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"Ms9
^
3té￥B?×1Z
T b ?
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H[ ? ?81?ê?
3μ
H[ ? ?8F1?ê?
3 b
?B? ? ?8F￥à
Q# ? ?8
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B a ? ?8F
1 a ? ?8F￥à
Q
-X
# ò?
3t￥ ? ?8
"
^M×?￥ 7 Oú?
3t ? ?8 8%
?
^?
￥ (2n)
￥0%?9
^??￥ (n) -??1= 8a??1? 8 b
? ?8F (genome) Bt
3t
￥0%?￥B*d]÷ ? ?8 μ%
3
t
3é?a
A3￥B*y?t ? ?8?TB? ? ?8F b
è ? ?
ü a
￡??
￥0%?ücB? ? ?8F b
a￥ù???Cid ?B?
￥0?ocB? ? ?8F b
è ?
Yl
￥0?￥ 21 H ? ?8 Bt f ?/ V[μBt ó?1
a
ü
ì-WμB??￥]÷1" ]
H?i? ?
BH ? ?8￥
Yl
￥0 ˉ
μ
3
?
a
ü ?
￥BH ? ?8￥L.?
V[?
e ? ?8
?ê b1?l
é￥ù?Xü￡
L
Yl
￥0%?c
B ìl
a
E
:? ?¤?
?
??t?
￥0%?￥
μ ? ?8 b ?tC`
a
ü
Yl
￥0%?cμ
?? ? ?8F b?N Vn
￥0%￥ ? ?8 Btt??
^ V[éB?sF￥ b
? ?8F
^B?L.￥''
3
?ê bB?1
D
￥0% ? ?8
n M uY
¨ x V
UB? ? ?8F￥ ? ?8
" b ? ?
ü a
￡?? n"x# ?
BH ? ?8
￥
￥0?
? b B
? ?B
B?[?
±t? ? ?8
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￥= 8±
t
￥0￥ ? ?8
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? n"3x# ?
BH ? ?8￥
￥0 ˉμ
3
? 7 O BtHq/ ?]F￥ ? ?8μ ó?1 b ??]B
￥?]?)
3t
?üV? Vá
3c ? ?8F? ￥t? yN x aa
^]B
?òt?
]￥ ?
?8
b
è ? l
# í?￥ ?¤
a ü
¤
a
?
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b
2 a ? ?8F￥?
]B ? ?8FòH ? ?8?
a 2 a ?
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ì?B??
?7x?￥8" ￡
?è￥
3
? ?
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]B ? ?8Fò ? ?8μ? V ?
a ? V}9? Oò ? ?8Wμ
ü? b 9F+H
B?*
H÷μ ? b
= a ? ?8
"Ms￥ ??
? ?8
"Mss1
v ?B ?
^[ ? ?8F1?ê￥Ms?1? ?Ms
? ?Ms|á
3?￥? 8 (euploid) b
6B ?
^[ ? ?81?ê￥Ms?1d? ?
Msd? ?Ms|á
3d? 8 (aneuploid) b
? 8
^·
3t8%
= μB?B?[
?? ? ?8F￥
3t?8 b 1 ??
?
t?￥8%
=cμ
? ??￥ ? ?8F''= 8 (2xdiploid) b
3t8
??c ? ?8
"Ms 2
%
= ?
? ? ?8F￥? 8 ? 3x a4x a5x ?d?1 8 (polyploid) bX
?l
±t ? ?8F￥
1 7(x
"7)B ìl
(Tmonoccum)
^=
8 (2n " 2x " 14) = ìl
(Tdicocum)
^
1 8 (2n"4x"28)
Yl
(Taestivum)
^
B 8 (2n
"6x"42) b 8?μ]÷ 8
(autoployploid)s÷ 8
(allopo1yploid)-s ?T 8 ? ?
8F￥ ?÷M]5?1]÷
8 ?T 8 ? ?8F￥ ?÷?
]5?1s÷ 8 bV 9-l
? ?Ms￥+??1 ?Y
?
# ? ?8F? b
d? 8
^·1?è n ? ?8 (
)BH?+H ? ?8￥
3t?8 bd?
89μ? ?]￥ ?? μe 8 (hypoploid) a? 8 (hyperploid)
v ? e
8
^·?è n ? ?8
BH+H
? ?8￥?8
BH ? ?8￥e
8??8 (monosomic)
B]÷
? ?8￥e 8? ?8 (nullisomic)
Hd]÷ ? ?8￥e 8?
?8 (double monosomic) b? 8
^
·1?è 2n0 ? ?8 BBH+
H ? ?8￥?8 BH ? ?8￥?
8? ?8 (trisomic) B]÷ ? ?
8￥?8?
18 (tetrasomic)
H
d ] ÷ ? ? 8 ￥ ? 8 ?
? 8
(double trisomic) bV 9-2 1d? ?Ms+??1 ?Y a
? ? ?8F? b
?=? ? ?Ms
? ?Ms
^·[ ? ?8F1?ê￥ ? ?8
"Ms b ? ?Ms2T|á
3?
￥ ?
￥ = 8
3t (AA)üV ? ?8￥°¤F V??]÷
1 8 (AAAA)
? 8
? ? 8 FF? 1BB?8? F
l
? ?
8
L=
^? ? ? 8 F? ] ?
? ?
? [
= 8 i
?
8 b
B? ?è
? B] ÷
1 8 D
￥ = 8 (AA)?ü V[á
3]÷ ? 8 (AAA) b
7?è￥= 8 (AA)?8üI
32a9 Vá
3B 8?8 (A) b??? ?M
s ? ?8F1]Bt?￥ ? ?8F y7??￥ 8 (1]÷ 8 b
6B??
?Ms ·9F?h
￥ ? ?8F ?1??]t? 9F?]t?￥ ? ?8FB
?
^YV?]?
W￥? ? ?8F ??￥ b
è ?B? ? ?8FF?1 AA￥ ? 8 D
6B?
? 8 FF? 1AB(s÷= 8 )F
l
F a?1s÷
1 8 (AABB) b?Bs÷
1
8 D
6B?= 8t? (DD)? F
l
1s÷ ? 8 (ABD)F
l
F a?1s÷
B
8 (AABB DD) b
?N V? s ÷
￥ 8 b ?
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L.D 3
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è ?
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￥ s ÷
1 8 (2n"4x"AABB)￥ ? ?8
F aü??
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s ÷
? ]÷ 8
^· ? ?8F ?÷M]￥ 8]÷
8D= 81?
H +?B?VC1?
￥
v?í
=
￥ d ax ì a
? ? ? V
^??L.té￥9F7?C￥4
r
= 8 a y B
^?èy "￥?? F a??]÷
1 8
,
T
a
è ￥ V C? b
? ?
× ?/?
￥ 0 ? ? 8 F ? s ?
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± t Xü μ
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ì￥á
3 i?1
^ |1￥ |y i
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=o
μ
H
? 8 (2n"8x"AAAABBBB)?z`
^
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1 8i ?￥ 8 b
??]￥t? ? ?8Fi ?￥s÷ 8 üI
32Z
T0 a 0\
!9
V
á
3? 8s÷
1 8 (AABB)üI
32aá
3 ? ?8FF?1 AB ￥s÷
= 8 bs÷
B 8 (AABBDD)￥? 81 ? ?8FF?1 ABD ￥s÷ ? 8 b
B a]÷ 8
1] ÷ 8 ￥ +
#T
L[#±é??
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2? a
μ üt 2
L
q B?
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? v
á
μ =
1
T a ?
T a ˉ
T
ù
s?
1
T±é?l 2
L
q??
a
ü?M
=
8￥y
ü1" b
] ÷ 8 μ s
? °
R
= ? ? &· &·
1K
]÷ 8a??? b
^? ? ] ÷ 8 h
s
?
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1- N2 ￥ ] ÷ 8 ￥ ? b
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M
3±t ?
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M
3±t ?TM1 8
￥?
M? 72
L ü?
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3±t ?TM1 8￥?
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L9 V[?? ?
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qú ?
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1B??t±tá
3
8 a5 V[YVí?N2￥Z
T i/ ? b
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=cμ ??]÷
8 F￥ ? 8 ?] ÷ ? 8 c μ
1?
]÷ ? ?8F￥?8?]÷
1 8 b
= a]÷ 8￥ ós ?
(B) ]÷ ? 8￥ ós ?
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^
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? ?8 ó7|? ?? ? ?8￥]÷ u
??c ? ?8
"Ms 4
ó-? (m 10 i1)yN ?N8
=
H ? ?8-Wo
^ ? ó
b ó
^d|
è ? ??8-W?
3?D￥ -4 ?D
^???-￥ -4 ?-?
^ ó
￥]÷ ? ?8?
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? ? ?
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?
3
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5 ó?
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B??N8 (I)(m 10 i1) b ?N8 a
ù
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B??N8üμ
? V
? B
^ 2l
￥? (s ?=
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? 7=N8 l1 ￥ (s ? b ?
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? f ? ?|/?]÷ ? 8￥
￥0 ? ?8F??s￥?
ü b K??á
? 8￥
ú?a b
(= ) ] ÷
1 8 ￥ ó
4*3 ? (desynapsis)
6BZ
]B
s ?
F
^
1? ] ÷ ? ? 8 ?? ?]÷ u
=o
μ
H ?
AAAa 1 è?
^[2/2
Ts ? b
1 a ? ?8 ós ?
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1 8
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?8 ó
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1 8?￥
BF
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1N8?
CB? ?N8B??N8
?=N8[#B?=N8
??N8? ?
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ù|μ 22 a3/l a21 l1 ? ?s ?Z
T? ]÷
1 8 ? 22
T￥ (s ?]B?￥1
qyND]÷ ? 8M1Bt]
÷
1 8μB?￥a? b
2 ays ?
-4 [
L.D 5
2.1 ? ?8
s ?
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aWíB???
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1? 2.1.1
1H ? ?8
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S?
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2.1.2 ?BQh
s
a
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?=s10??￥
?
￥0y?M]y?s ?C h
s
?BQ b
2.1.3 ?C aa
￥0 AA Aa"1 1 b
y? AAAA aAAAa aAaaa b
VC? 3 0
??c ? ?8
"Ms 6
2.2 ? ??8
s ?
"
′ ìD A
aWù?
3?D
AAAa s ??ê1 86A a2a
AA C
6
2
"15
￥01 15 12 1
Aa C
6
1
C
2
1
=12 V?1
15AA 12Aa 1aa
2
aa C
2
2
=1
= a
] 30 i50
'' S±tv?μ 70
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)
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a
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W} éN2Z
T ˉ b
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32
B Q P N J Y J T
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b
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=
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(Contrasting character) b
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k￥ b y1oμVCμ
s
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BBM?￥L.
k
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l
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2
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F?T??aBF5?TQ? b??Q?￥2TBá
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1,F
l
μ±é￥?VC?
^Bá￥oVC
B? T'￥?
6B? T'￥??¤?V
C b
A??(dominant character) L.D?|B
M ? F
l
?VC ?￥? b
???(recessive character) F
l
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? b
2,F
2
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l
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2
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d
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1 as ?
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3
d
1
I
1
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k?¤?
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]
p b
eT
?/3
d
(1)
3t?￥VCL.?L.y0
e? ba |ü??L.y0?1y
(gene) b
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￥y b
^]By￥?]?
TμA???
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(4)±é8%?y?i B? ? 1
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o
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3 C
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|
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y?
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í b ? CC aCc acc '11??? ?￥ ???
]￥y? b
VC? (phenotype)
^
3t?8 8VC￥?
^y?DìaT¨/￥VC
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+?
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???￥￡ aa?'1VC? b
? [
à
Q ?? ?L.
k? F
l
oμB?y? CcB?VC?B￡
F
2
μ ??y? CC aCc acc 1 è
^ 1 2 1
?VC?B￡a1 è
13 1 b
2 a+?
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^?]
￥à
Q b ?y? CC Cc
^μ
uY￥ ? VC??
^￡ b L.D
è¨ C
[C ] a[cc]V
UVC? b
=
? ??#L.?1
1, ??
By? (homozygous genotype)
??êyM]L.D
?TBy
? μBy?￥?8?TB8 b7|?êy?
y? (heterozygous genotype) ?]￥y??Ty? μ
y?￥?8?T8 b
2,L.?1
B8oá
3B?
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L.￥×?? 8á
3
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LC￥Hq
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p
^
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p
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l
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^
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(1)
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(2)
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(3)M?￥y-W μ? ?￥A?T¨ OM?μs
üA b
(4)???￥
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(6)
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2
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3
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3
￥?VCw? F
2
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k2T?
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3￥V 2 i2 ?? F
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F
3/4 ￥±é 7￡ 1/4 ￥±é 7a
3t￥? ?￡ a a a yê? ? ?8
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8 ￥
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(V 2 i2) b
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w
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p￥%D$
Fh? a Fe?? ?
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7 Oòμ %?￥ê? by ? ?8
￥ê??1yê? (Locus) b
y 8%?
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p￥
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M[aμ? D?×ˉ
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ki¤
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° (;y )?9
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y
￥ t ? ? B y o r %?￡T (R)T (r)
^A? b￡T
I N
￥ 2T bs ?
p
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3t?9¤?
￡
L
a
üs ?
p
3t? μ
Ril b
è ?μ ￥ ly
μ
°
(F)
°yy (f)
^A? b
[
ì￥? Ff?
^;y b F
1
Mo?
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2
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^
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±t? I NT
L
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B aA?￥M?
1 aA?￥ ??# ?? ??1? a??a}y?VC?￥M+?
￡: ???
k?
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l
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C T'-B￥?
? ?A? (complete dominance) `?? F
l
￥VC? ?]? T'-B?￥A??
1? ?A? b
?? ?A? (incompletedominance)
^ · F
l
￥?o?
T
?W
ê_?
B T' b9?1?sA? b
è ?
￥= ?L. b F
l
F
2
?￥y? (Bb)?8
;?
^￡=9?
^
s=7
^o?
T= ??W￥?￡ ? b?
? ?A?￥ F
1
1?￥ F
2
y?￥1?a} VC?s
?1 è1 1 2 1Dy?s ?1 èBá8A?B
8VC??]VC? ??9Q?
y? ?? byN VZ
L1w? F
2
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A? (codmoinance)
^·
T￥?]
H B? F
1
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C7?
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1
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HVC
T￥ ?a ?
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° ? bA ?
A??? ?A?B" F
2
￥VC?1
èDy?1 è
^Bá￥ (1 1 2 1]" V[YV?8
￥VC?w?y? b
2 aA?y
?VCA??è
sμ8
=?Hq#??ìaHq￥?Y b
?A?y
?VCA??
s??ìaHq￥?Y
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á
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è ?
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2
ag1
3
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s
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s
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y ? Y?? ?￥ V C b
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2
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a
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l
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?
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l
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l
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2
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2
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l
?? HtNHt
l
￥A?VCμ?T
¨ oVCíhê 3/16HtN ht
l
ht
l
? ?9VCíhê
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l
?
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l
¤[VC{
shê KaB ? 1/16htNhtNht
l
ht
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^
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l
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l
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l
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l
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VC
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l
ht
l
VC?h b yN A?
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5??
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6By￥VCμ?T¨ b
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ü
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k? a ? ?a ?
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a￥t ? F
F
l
VCa ? F
2
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2
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C I V Ca ?
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C y￥T¨
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cc 9?
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iii V Cμ ? b
ê T¨ ] ? T¨ ? ] ] ? y '
&?
%??7A?
êy"{?
ey￥V
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&
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VC]?T¨￥ F
l
CcIiD
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1/4ccI
--
1/4ccii?VCa ? 1/4C iiVCμ ? yN ??0}￥?s ?1 è1 3
1 b
￥+? f ??
^
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2
s ?1 è 9 3 3 1 ??0}s
?1 è 1 1 1 1 ￥$
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pi?
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÷ a}s ?1 è|÷ˉ
b
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￥
p￥?¨
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p ?
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p ? ?A?Hq/ ? T'μ
?μs 5F
2
μ V
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2
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μ 4 ?μs F
2
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4
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è ?
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§ (A)í
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^? ?L.￥ b
μ
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2
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2
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2
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2
à
1?± 160
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3
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L=a?yT? a?
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VC?? ?? ê¤
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1 p?v ?8 b ?l
a
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y?|??9FyN F
2
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Q a ?? #ò? ??1? a??a}y? aVC?VC+
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L.D 1
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1c ?
íL.
p
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M
￡:?
p×??Ca ?
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j
3t SDE[÷ ￥
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k ¤
v
VL￥L.'
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L.￥2T? B?s
k??í1￡
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p ?B?s
k ?
àμ¤?
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p￥?
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6BL.C`￥
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3
(BatesonW)
0+ (Punnett) b?
e
ì?
4 SD￥3
d b 1910
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YVv
T?Z
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6B ?L.C` ' ?
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vL.
p-a ?
íL.?1L.D?￥? ??L.
p b
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(theory of gene)4
y ? ?8
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Q
L ? ?8
vv1?Z
L.D b ?
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4y
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p 7 O\é
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B a
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k
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k￥B? T'
^B￥, aéx ì
6 B?
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k2T ?/m
U
V2T Vn F
2
C
?s ?D1?FL.B" b??μ T' ??7
Oμ?￥×F ?? b?
^V1 è
AD 9 3 3 1 ￥ ?
1′μsv b7 O
VC T' ??￥é
v? ?
VC×F ??é
l? ?
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￥
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+
3￥
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k2T?V
ü e ?1]B T'
μ￥
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2
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= aM?M aMMà
Q
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ü`?B?
k
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2.ü`?=?
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a (Breakage reunion hypothesis) b
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u
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stitial deficiency) é
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(fragment)|
%s
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> 8 (deficiency heterozygote) b
?
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a1-ü1 ?
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?8￥8%
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8 h
s
ó
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?é × ˉ u
ü$
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^
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ple translocation) B? ? ?8￥
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l translocation) ?T
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w
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(Ln)T1]??D
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CIB??E b
(3)?ê8aa
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2 a^ê￥L.?1
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B
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slocation homozygote) b h
s
H ó
?èá
3 Va
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B]÷ ? ?8? ?BH?è
6B
H
^ ^ ê ? ? 8 5
slocation heterozygote) bMo^ê8
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#￥
1H ? ?8]÷
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?
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1 a2B?c
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1
2
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1
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2
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1 a2 V a ? ? a 1/4? ??è￥?8
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1
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q μ
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B a ?¨ ?
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a ?¨ ^ ê y
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V
?
tc ? ?82Ms 6
l ú ? ¤ μ F l
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?
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l
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D-?í?V?ê Fh±é béB?¨ x
L) ? Fh±éi[
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MSê? ?
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b μ ?
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3
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1?ü V[¤?B??a
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7 ??xc?ay ms'' V
￡a} ???a b
L.D 1
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?
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^
3té￥B?×1Z
T b ?
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H[ ? ?81?ê?
3μ
H[ ? ?8F1?ê?
3 b
?B? ? ?8F￥à
Q# ? ?8
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1 a ? ?8F￥à
Q
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# ò?
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^M×?￥ 7 Oú?
3t ? ?8 8%
?
^?
￥ (2n)
￥0%?9
^??￥ (n) -??1= 8a??1? 8 b
? ?8F (genome) Bt
3t
￥0%?￥B*d]÷ ? ?8 μ%
3
t
3é?a
A3￥B*y?t ? ?8?TB? ? ?8F b
è ? ?
ü a
￡??
￥0%?ücB? ? ?8F b
a￥ù???Cid ?B?
￥0?ocB? ? ?8F b
è ?
Yl
￥0?￥ 21 H ? ?8 Bt f ?/ V[μBt ó?1
a
ü
ì-WμB??￥]÷1" ]
H?i? ?
BH ? ?8￥
Yl
￥0 ˉ
μ
3
?
a
ü ?
￥BH ? ?8￥L.?
V[?
e ? ?8
?ê b1?l
é￥ù?Xü￡
L
Yl
￥0%?c
B ìl
a
E
:? ?¤?
?
??t?
￥0%?￥
μ ? ?8 b ?tC`
a
ü
Yl
￥0%?cμ
?? ? ?8F b?N Vn
￥0%￥ ? ?8 Btt??
^ V[éB?sF￥ b
? ?8F
^B?L.￥''
3
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D
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n M uY
¨ x V
UB? ? ?8F￥ ? ?8
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ü a
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BH ? ?8
￥
￥0?
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? ?B
B?[?
±t? ? ?8
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t
￥0￥ ? ?8
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? n"3x# ?
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￥0 ˉμ
3
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^]B
?òt?
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b
è ? l
# í?￥ ?¤
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¤
a
?
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b
2 a ? ?8F￥?
]B ? ?8FòH ? ?8?
a 2 a ?
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3
? ?
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a ? V}9? Oò ? ?8Wμ
ü? b 9F+H
B?*
H÷μ ? b
= a ? ?8
"Ms￥ ??
? ?8
"Mss1
v ?B ?
^[ ? ?8F1?ê￥Ms?1? ?Ms
? ?Ms|á
3?￥? 8 (euploid) b
6B ?
^[ ? ?81?ê￥Ms?1d? ?
Msd? ?Ms|á
3d? 8 (aneuploid) b
? 8
^·
3t8%
= μB?B?[
?? ? ?8F￥
3t?8 b 1 ??
?
t?￥8%
=cμ
? ??￥ ? ?8F''= 8 (2xdiploid) b
3t8
??c ? ?8
"Ms 2
%
= ?
? ? ?8F￥? 8 ? 3x a4x a5x ?d?1 8 (polyploid) bX
?l
±t ? ?8F￥
1 7(x
"7)B ìl
(Tmonoccum)
^=
8 (2n " 2x " 14) = ìl
(Tdicocum)
^
1 8 (2n"4x"28)
Yl
(Taestivum)
^
B 8 (2n
"6x"42) b 8?μ]÷ 8
(autoployploid)s÷ 8
(allopo1yploid)-s ?T 8 ? ?
8F￥ ?÷M]5?1]÷
8 ?T 8 ? ?8F￥ ?÷?
]5?1s÷ 8 bV 9-l
? ?Ms￥+??1 ?Y
?
# ? ?8F? b
d? 8
^·1?è n ? ?8 (
)BH?+H ? ?8￥
3t?8 bd?
89μ? ?]￥ ?? μe 8 (hypoploid) a? 8 (hyperploid)
v ? e
8
^·?è n ? ?8
BH+H
? ?8￥?8
BH ? ?8￥e
8??8 (monosomic)
B]÷
? ?8￥e 8? ?8 (nullisomic)
Hd]÷ ? ?8￥e 8?
?8 (double monosomic) b? 8
^
·1?è 2n0 ? ?8 BBH+
H ? ?8￥?8 BH ? ?8￥?
8? ?8 (trisomic) B]÷ ? ?
8￥?8?
18 (tetrasomic)
H
d ] ÷ ? ? 8 ￥ ? 8 ?
? 8
(double trisomic) bV 9-2 1d? ?Ms+??1 ?Y a
? ? ?8F? b
?=? ? ?Ms
? ?Ms
^·[ ? ?8F1?ê￥ ? ?8
"Ms b ? ?Ms2T|á
3?
￥ ?
￥ = 8
3t (AA)üV ? ?8￥°¤F V??]÷
1 8 (AAAA)
? 8
? ? 8 FF? 1BB?8? F
l
? ?
8
L=
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? ?
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= 8 i
?
8 b
B? ?è
? B] ÷
1 8 D
￥ = 8 (AA)?ü V[á
3]÷ ? 8 (AAA) b
7?è￥= 8 (AA)?8üI
32a9 Vá
3B 8?8 (A) b??? ?M
s ? ?8F1]Bt?￥ ? ?8F y7??￥ 8 (1]÷ 8 b
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