REVIEW
A - Ramps and flats
B – Hangingwall ramp and
footwall ramp
C –? thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
footwall
D –? thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
Hangingwall
E – Thrust duplex:
imbricate thrust slices are
contained between a floor
thrust and a roof thrust
F - Pop-up structure
G – Triangle zone

Extensional Fault Systems
A- Evolutionary model illustrating
progressive extension accommodated
by block rotation above a low-angle
extensional fault,
B- Listric fault with hangingwall rollover
anticline,Area A and B are equal.
C – Flat/ramp geometry of fault produces
geometrically necessary folding in
hangingwall.
D- Antithetic faults in hangingwall.
E – Synthetic faults in footwall forming
listric fan.
F- Extensional duplex with listric fan and
antithetic counter fan.
G- Two listric faults linked by a transfer
fault;all three detach on the same sole fault.
Lecture 10
Strike-Slip Fault Systems
Fractures Generated During Strike-Slip Faulting
Compression
CompressionDilation
Dilation
Stress Concentrations at Ends of Strike-Slip Fault
Strike-slip fault system
A- Local compressional
and extensional struc-
tures produced by fault
terminations and fault
overlaps.
B-Formation of raised
and depressed wedge-
shaped blocks by local
transpression and
transtension.
C- Positive and negative
flower structures produ-
ced by convergence and
divergence respectively
in strike-slip motion
D-Strike-slip duplex
FLOWER STRUCTURE IN STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS
Positive flower structure
for uplift blocks
Negative flower structure
for depressed blocks
Joint
JOINT PATTERNS
Key Words,Set,Systematic,Nonsystematic,
Joint Zones
(After Twiss and Moores,1992)
Single Set
Multiple Sets
Jointing Controls Landscape
Evolution
(regional joint sets – rock
strength,groundwater flow)
FRACTURE PATTERNS IN FAULT ZONES
(Very Simplified)
After Twiss & Moores
(1992)
Plume mark in slate in Hunan
Plume mark in Quartzite
in Henan
Plume mark in crystal tuff
in Hujian
Rib mark in rocks
Rib mark in model
Half-plume mark in rock
Isochromatic fringe pattern
Rib and plume marks in model
Plume mark on fracture surface (a)
And the trace of the fracteuesurface(b)
Problems
? Distinguish between transtensional duplex,transpressional
duplex,thrust duplex and extensional duplex.
? What are the characteristics of the termination of a strike-
slip fault?
? What are the similarity and difference between positive and
negative flower structures?
? Could you distinguish a joint from a fault?
? Could you explain the formation of the landscape of
Zhangjiajie?
? What are the significance of joints?