Renewable Energy Utilization and
Development in Yunnan,China
刘祖明、廖华
Zuming LIU,Hua LIAO
Solar Energy Research Institute
Yunnan Provincial Renewable Energy Engineering Key Laboratory
Yunnan Normal University
Kunming,Yunnan 650092,China
Content
? 1,SERI Introduction
? 2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? 3,Solar Energy Resources in Yunnan
? 4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? 5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? 6,Biogas and Biomass
? 7,Hydro Power
? 8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? 9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? 10,Cooperation with Thailand
1,SERI Introduction
? Yunnan Normal University is found in 1938 by
Tsinghua University,Beijing Univeristy and
Nankai University.
? From 1970 Solar Energy Utilization R&D was
began here.
? Solar Energy Research Institute was established in
1984.
? Yunnan Provincial Solar Water Heaters Quality
Test Station was found in 1988.
1,SERI Introduction
? Yunnan Provincial Renewable Energy
Engineering Key Laboratory was established in
1996.
? Renewable Energy Materials Key Laboratory of
Chinese Education Ministry,2003
? Mater degree students and Ph D students were
trained now.
1,SERI Introduction
? Four laboratories
? Photovoltaic,
? Solar thermal
? Biomass energy
? Energy conversation and environment engineering,
? Attached organization:
? Yunnan Provincial Solar Energy Association
? National Solar Collector Quality Control and Test Center
? Yunnan Provincial High Tech Personnel Training Base
? Solar Energy Technology Developing Center of Yunnan Province,
YunFu Solar Energy Ltd..
? Yunnan Provincial Brightness Engineering Company
? Kunming Photovoltaic Technology Ltd
? Lanyuan Technology Ltd.
2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? To formulate a Renewable Energy Law for China
in 2006 (The first draft has been finished in June
2004)
? 2010 the installed capacity of renewable energy will
total about 60 GW and account for about 10% of
China’s total installed power generation capacity
? small-scale hydropower, 50 GW
? wind power, 4 GW
? biomass power generation,6 GW
? solar energy,450 MW.
2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? 2020,the installed capacity for power generated by
renewable energy will reach about 121 GW,accounting
for about 12% of China’s total installed power
generation capacity.
? 200 million additional tons annually of standard coal
equivalent (tce) of renewable energy of all types in the energy
mix is reached,
? This amounts would bring China’s annual use of renewable
energy up to a 17% share in China’s projected energy
consumption in 2020.
? CNY 500 billion (about EUR 49 billion) are needed,
? Government and others
3,Solar Energy Resources in Yunnan
? Most of areas the solar irradiance is 5000～ 5500
MJ/m2,Several places the solar irradiance is more
than 6000 MJ/m2.yr,the highest is 6667.1MJ／
m2.yr（ at Yongren）,
? The lowest part is in the northeast parts near
Sichuan Province.
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Government pay more and more attention to
use PV in the remote areas.
? More and more PV factories are being built
and now Yunnan Semiconductor Device
Factory is one of the largests in China with
capacity of 3 MW (10MW at the end 2004) of
both single and ploy crystalline silicon solar
cell and panels,
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Projects:
? State,Eighth five years state key plan”
? State,Ninth five years state key plan”
? State,Tenth five years state key plan”
? State 863 high tech project
? State NSF projects
? Provincial NSF projects
? Factories projects
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Highlight:
? New Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Technologies,
which can be transfer to establish new PV cell factory or
module factory
? High Efficiency GaAs Solar Cells
? Thin film Solar Cells
? PV New Materials
? PV Power System (Isolated and Grid Connected)
? PV measurement equipment developing
1,Brief Introduction of PV industry and
utilization in Yunnan,China
? 1.2.2,PV systems
? Optimum PV array tilt angle
2,PV systems
? System optimum design
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
蓄电池寿命( 年)
光伏子系统功率（k W ）
蓄电池容量(
k
W
h
)
5.407 5.677 5.948 6.218
6.489 6.759 7.029
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? PV standards
? GB/T 9535 (IEC 61215)
? Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -
Design qualification and type approval
? GB/T 18911-2002/IEC 61646:1996
? Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design
qualification and type approval
? A New Standard on Stand along PV system
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Rural electrification and other isolated
application will be main PV utilization area.
? Grid connected and PVIB are now under going.
? Raw materials manufacture has a high potential
5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? Solar water heater is the most popular solar
energy utilization equipment.
? Yunnan is one of the biggest solar water
heater markets in China.
? Solar water heater integrated with building is
the new development.
5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? Highlight:
? Solar Radiation Resource Research
? Heat Storage Materials
? Solar Water Heaters
? Solar Water Heaters Systems
? Heat Pump System
? Solar Collector and Water Heater Quality Testing
? Solar Ice Maker
? Solar Cooker
? Solar Dryer
? Solar Water Heater Integrated with Building
6,Biogas and Biomass
? In Yunnan at the end of 2003 there were only
about 620,000 small biogas digesters.
? With the strong government support there are
about 470,000 small biogas digesters,Only in
2000 the increase number is 130,000,This is a
very good example that government policy
played very important role in RE development.
6,Biogas and Biomass
? Project:
? State key scientific and technological project,SNSF project,
provincial NSF projects,cooperation projects
? Highlights,
? New type fiber glasses efficient commercialize household
biogas digester
? High effective flower organic liquefied fertilizer
? Study on the hydrolase activity during anaerobic digestion
and increasing biogas of yield with hydrolases
? Biogases Comprehensive utilization
? Hydrogen production from livestock
? Biodiesel
7,Mini-Hydro Power
? The hydro power resources in Yunnan is 103640 MW,
which is the third in China,
? Now clean electricity (from hydro power station) is
about 70% in Yunnan.
? Yunnan Provincial Government put clean electricity as
the key industry,The electricity will be sent to east part
of China,such as Guangdong Province and will be
exported to Thailand.
? There are many mini-hydro power resources,
8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? Germany GTZ cooperate with Ministry of Trade,
National Development and Reforming Commission of
China to implement renewable energy in remote areas
in Yunnan and Qinghai Province in China.
? Germany KfW cooperate with Ministry of Finance to
establish about 70 PV village systems in remote area of
Yunnan.
8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? Target:
? Strategy development on RE in these areas
? Establishment financial mechanism
? Establish service system
? Improvement the quality of RE equipment
including to establish quality testing center
? Capacity building including training
? Increasing publicity
? Demonstration PV,wind,mini-hydro,biogas,etc.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Yunnan Province is the seventh largest in China,The total
area is 394 thousands km2 and total population is about 43
million,At the end of 2002 the electrified rate for town
ship is 100%,for administrative village is 98% and for
rural household is 95%.
? There are about 400 administrative villages,about 670
thousands households and total 2.70 million people have
not connected with electricity grid.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? The provincial non-electrified population accounts
for about 10% of that of China (30 million),which is
number one in China.
? located at high mountains or deep valley
? far from county town
? Local economy and communication very low developed
? Education level of local people low
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Because of high mountain area rate (94%) in
Yunnan Province and these people usually live
beside main rivers or their branches in order to
reach water easily,For lighting they use a special
easy burned pine woods,Fuel woods are the
only energy resource for almost all these areas,
which results in seriously forest destroy and soil
erosion.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Yunnan is located at upper regions for many important
domestic and international rivers,such as Changjiang
(Yangtze) River,Lancang-Mekong River,etc,It is the
headwaters for Zhujiang River and Red River,
? The serious soil erosion is not only affects Yunnan itself
but also affect to the low regions to Changjiang River
and Zhujiang River and to southeast Asia countries in
the region of Mekong River,Red River,Nujiang-
Salween River etc,
? Renewable energy utilization and environment
protection in these areas have great significances both to
China and southeast Asia countries,
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? CORE was established in Thailand in 1994
? Many visiting between Yunnan Normal
University and Naresuan University
? Good relationship between Solar Energy
Research Institute and Solar Energy Research
and Training Centre
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? Cooperation fields:
? Solar thermal utilization
? Solar water heater integrated with building
? Solar water heater manufacture
? Solar thermal power station
? Solar PV utilization
? C-Si solar cell manufacture
? PV module manufacture
? PV power system technology
? PV measurement technology
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? Cooperation fields:
? Biogas
? Biodiesel
Thanks!
Development in Yunnan,China
刘祖明、廖华
Zuming LIU,Hua LIAO
Solar Energy Research Institute
Yunnan Provincial Renewable Energy Engineering Key Laboratory
Yunnan Normal University
Kunming,Yunnan 650092,China
Content
? 1,SERI Introduction
? 2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? 3,Solar Energy Resources in Yunnan
? 4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? 5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? 6,Biogas and Biomass
? 7,Hydro Power
? 8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? 9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? 10,Cooperation with Thailand
1,SERI Introduction
? Yunnan Normal University is found in 1938 by
Tsinghua University,Beijing Univeristy and
Nankai University.
? From 1970 Solar Energy Utilization R&D was
began here.
? Solar Energy Research Institute was established in
1984.
? Yunnan Provincial Solar Water Heaters Quality
Test Station was found in 1988.
1,SERI Introduction
? Yunnan Provincial Renewable Energy
Engineering Key Laboratory was established in
1996.
? Renewable Energy Materials Key Laboratory of
Chinese Education Ministry,2003
? Mater degree students and Ph D students were
trained now.
1,SERI Introduction
? Four laboratories
? Photovoltaic,
? Solar thermal
? Biomass energy
? Energy conversation and environment engineering,
? Attached organization:
? Yunnan Provincial Solar Energy Association
? National Solar Collector Quality Control and Test Center
? Yunnan Provincial High Tech Personnel Training Base
? Solar Energy Technology Developing Center of Yunnan Province,
YunFu Solar Energy Ltd..
? Yunnan Provincial Brightness Engineering Company
? Kunming Photovoltaic Technology Ltd
? Lanyuan Technology Ltd.
2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? To formulate a Renewable Energy Law for China
in 2006 (The first draft has been finished in June
2004)
? 2010 the installed capacity of renewable energy will
total about 60 GW and account for about 10% of
China’s total installed power generation capacity
? small-scale hydropower, 50 GW
? wind power, 4 GW
? biomass power generation,6 GW
? solar energy,450 MW.
2,The Chinese Objective of RE
? 2020,the installed capacity for power generated by
renewable energy will reach about 121 GW,accounting
for about 12% of China’s total installed power
generation capacity.
? 200 million additional tons annually of standard coal
equivalent (tce) of renewable energy of all types in the energy
mix is reached,
? This amounts would bring China’s annual use of renewable
energy up to a 17% share in China’s projected energy
consumption in 2020.
? CNY 500 billion (about EUR 49 billion) are needed,
? Government and others
3,Solar Energy Resources in Yunnan
? Most of areas the solar irradiance is 5000～ 5500
MJ/m2,Several places the solar irradiance is more
than 6000 MJ/m2.yr,the highest is 6667.1MJ／
m2.yr（ at Yongren）,
? The lowest part is in the northeast parts near
Sichuan Province.
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Government pay more and more attention to
use PV in the remote areas.
? More and more PV factories are being built
and now Yunnan Semiconductor Device
Factory is one of the largests in China with
capacity of 3 MW (10MW at the end 2004) of
both single and ploy crystalline silicon solar
cell and panels,
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Projects:
? State,Eighth five years state key plan”
? State,Ninth five years state key plan”
? State,Tenth five years state key plan”
? State 863 high tech project
? State NSF projects
? Provincial NSF projects
? Factories projects
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Highlight:
? New Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Technologies,
which can be transfer to establish new PV cell factory or
module factory
? High Efficiency GaAs Solar Cells
? Thin film Solar Cells
? PV New Materials
? PV Power System (Isolated and Grid Connected)
? PV measurement equipment developing
1,Brief Introduction of PV industry and
utilization in Yunnan,China
? 1.2.2,PV systems
? Optimum PV array tilt angle
2,PV systems
? System optimum design
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
蓄电池寿命( 年)
光伏子系统功率（k W ）
蓄电池容量(
k
W
h
)
5.407 5.677 5.948 6.218
6.489 6.759 7.029
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? PV standards
? GB/T 9535 (IEC 61215)
? Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -
Design qualification and type approval
? GB/T 18911-2002/IEC 61646:1996
? Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design
qualification and type approval
? A New Standard on Stand along PV system
4,Photovoltaic Utilization
? Rural electrification and other isolated
application will be main PV utilization area.
? Grid connected and PVIB are now under going.
? Raw materials manufacture has a high potential
5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? Solar water heater is the most popular solar
energy utilization equipment.
? Yunnan is one of the biggest solar water
heater markets in China.
? Solar water heater integrated with building is
the new development.
5,Solar Thermal Utilization
? Highlight:
? Solar Radiation Resource Research
? Heat Storage Materials
? Solar Water Heaters
? Solar Water Heaters Systems
? Heat Pump System
? Solar Collector and Water Heater Quality Testing
? Solar Ice Maker
? Solar Cooker
? Solar Dryer
? Solar Water Heater Integrated with Building
6,Biogas and Biomass
? In Yunnan at the end of 2003 there were only
about 620,000 small biogas digesters.
? With the strong government support there are
about 470,000 small biogas digesters,Only in
2000 the increase number is 130,000,This is a
very good example that government policy
played very important role in RE development.
6,Biogas and Biomass
? Project:
? State key scientific and technological project,SNSF project,
provincial NSF projects,cooperation projects
? Highlights,
? New type fiber glasses efficient commercialize household
biogas digester
? High effective flower organic liquefied fertilizer
? Study on the hydrolase activity during anaerobic digestion
and increasing biogas of yield with hydrolases
? Biogases Comprehensive utilization
? Hydrogen production from livestock
? Biodiesel
7,Mini-Hydro Power
? The hydro power resources in Yunnan is 103640 MW,
which is the third in China,
? Now clean electricity (from hydro power station) is
about 70% in Yunnan.
? Yunnan Provincial Government put clean electricity as
the key industry,The electricity will be sent to east part
of China,such as Guangdong Province and will be
exported to Thailand.
? There are many mini-hydro power resources,
8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? Germany GTZ cooperate with Ministry of Trade,
National Development and Reforming Commission of
China to implement renewable energy in remote areas
in Yunnan and Qinghai Province in China.
? Germany KfW cooperate with Ministry of Finance to
establish about 70 PV village systems in remote area of
Yunnan.
8,Sino-Germany Joint RE Program
? Target:
? Strategy development on RE in these areas
? Establishment financial mechanism
? Establish service system
? Improvement the quality of RE equipment
including to establish quality testing center
? Capacity building including training
? Increasing publicity
? Demonstration PV,wind,mini-hydro,biogas,etc.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Yunnan Province is the seventh largest in China,The total
area is 394 thousands km2 and total population is about 43
million,At the end of 2002 the electrified rate for town
ship is 100%,for administrative village is 98% and for
rural household is 95%.
? There are about 400 administrative villages,about 670
thousands households and total 2.70 million people have
not connected with electricity grid.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? The provincial non-electrified population accounts
for about 10% of that of China (30 million),which is
number one in China.
? located at high mountains or deep valley
? far from county town
? Local economy and communication very low developed
? Education level of local people low
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Because of high mountain area rate (94%) in
Yunnan Province and these people usually live
beside main rivers or their branches in order to
reach water easily,For lighting they use a special
easy burned pine woods,Fuel woods are the
only energy resource for almost all these areas,
which results in seriously forest destroy and soil
erosion.
9,Non-electrification situation in Yunnan
? Yunnan is located at upper regions for many important
domestic and international rivers,such as Changjiang
(Yangtze) River,Lancang-Mekong River,etc,It is the
headwaters for Zhujiang River and Red River,
? The serious soil erosion is not only affects Yunnan itself
but also affect to the low regions to Changjiang River
and Zhujiang River and to southeast Asia countries in
the region of Mekong River,Red River,Nujiang-
Salween River etc,
? Renewable energy utilization and environment
protection in these areas have great significances both to
China and southeast Asia countries,
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? CORE was established in Thailand in 1994
? Many visiting between Yunnan Normal
University and Naresuan University
? Good relationship between Solar Energy
Research Institute and Solar Energy Research
and Training Centre
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? Cooperation fields:
? Solar thermal utilization
? Solar water heater integrated with building
? Solar water heater manufacture
? Solar thermal power station
? Solar PV utilization
? C-Si solar cell manufacture
? PV module manufacture
? PV power system technology
? PV measurement technology
10,Cooperation with Thailand
? Cooperation fields:
? Biogas
? Biodiesel
Thanks!
