当代并行计算机系统介绍 习题例题： 请尽可能访问以下有关高性能并行计算的网址： IEEE/CS ParaScope (http://computer.org/parascope/)，world-wide parallel computing sites High Performance Computing Lists (http://www.cs.colorado.edu/homes/mcbryan/public_html/bb/2/summary.html) The Language List (http://cuiwww.unige.ch/langlist) enumerate programming languages TOP 500 (http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/top500.html) World's TOP 500 most powerful computing sites (at Netlib，University of Tennessee) Myrinet (http://www.myri.com) DSM bibliography (http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~rasit/dsmbiblio.html) Berkeley Active Message page (http://now.cs.berkeley.edu/AM/active_messages.html) The Cray Research system page (http://www.cray.com/products/systems/) SGI/Cray Origin 2000 (http://www.sgi.com/Products/hardware/servers/index.html) Cray T3E (http://www.cray.com/products/systems/crayt3e/) PetaFLOPS web site (http://www.aero.hq.nasa.gov/hpcc/) NASA HPCC Program (http://www.aero.hq.nasa.gov/hpcc/) Cray T3E (http://www.cray.com/products/systems/crayt3e/) IBM SP (http://www.rs6000.ibm.com/hardware/largescale/) Intel Paragon (http://www.sdsc.edu/Services/ Consult/Paragon/paragon.html) Kai Li (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~li/) SP2 at MHPCC (http://www.mhpcc.edu/doc/SP2.general/SP2.general.html) MPI Standard site (http://www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/index.html) MIT Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems Group (http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/). National Center for Supercomputer Applications at UIUC (NCSA) (http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/) Cornell Theory Center (CTC) (http://www.tc.cornel.edu/ctc.html) Argonne Natl Laboratory，Mathematics & Computer Science Div. (http://www.mcs.anl.gov/) Army Research Lab (http://www.arl.army.mil/) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (http://www.llnl.gov/comp/comp.html) Los Alamos Natl Laboratory (LANL) Advanced Computing Laboratory (http://www.acl.lanl.gov/). Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC) (http://www.mhpcc.edu/mhpcc.html) San Diego Supercomputer Center (http://www.sdsc.edu/SDSCHome.html) Sandia National Laboratories (http://www.cs.sandia.gov/) Massively Parallel Comp. Res. Lab. Parallel Processing in Japan (http://fuji.stanford.edu/papers/ppij.html) Cray Research (http://www.cray.com/) IBM High-Performance Computing (http://ibm.tc.cornell.edu/) ParaSoft Corporation (http://www.parasoft.com/) 对于一个100Mb时钟频率的总线连接的SMP系统，假定总线宽度为8个字节，为传输16个字节的数据，那么总线带宽可达多少， 试解释系统带宽与系统互连对剖宽度之间的关系，并举一例说明之。 试比较下列5种并行结构的不同点： ①PVP；②SMP；③MPP；④COW；⑤DSM 试举一例说明： 如何在SIMD机器上实现MIMD并行应用? 如何在SIMD模型上实现MPMD并行应用?