CHAPTER 1 The anatomy of the
female reproductive system
Section 1 Pelvis
Section 2 External genital organs
Section 3 Internal genital organs
Section 4 Neighbouring organs
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
Section 6 Pelvic floor
Section 1 Pelvis
? （ 一 ） composition
? 1,bone,sacrum骶骨, coccyx尾骨,
2 coxae髋骨 （ ilium髂骨,ischium坐
骨,pubis耻骨 ）
? 2,joints,pubic symphysis耻骨联
合, sacro-iliac j骶髂关节,sacro-
coccygeal j骶尾关节,
? 3,ligaments,sacro-tuberous lig
骶结节韧带,Sacro-spinous lig骶棘韧
带,
Normal pelvis
ilium
sacrum
coccyx
ischium
pubis
Pelvic ligament
Sacro-tuberous lig.
Sacro-spinous lig.
Section 1 Pelvis
? （ 二 ） Boundary of pelvis
? The pelvis is divided into the
pelvis major(false pelvis) and the
pelvis minor (true pelvis) passing
through the upper margin of the
sacral promontory( 骶骨岬 ),the
arcuate line of the ilium,and the
upper margin of the symphysis pubis.
Normal pelvis
ilium
sacrum
coccyx
classification
Gynecoid
女型
Android
男型
Anthropoid
类人猿
Platypelloid
扁平型
? mons pubis(阴阜 )
? labium majus(大阴唇 )
? labium minus
? Clitoris(阴蒂 )
? vaginal vestibule(阴道前庭 )
? vestibular bulb(前庭球 ),Bartholin‘s gland(巴多
林腺 )
? urethral orifice,vaginal orifice and hymen(处女
膜 )
Section 2 External genital organs
vestibule
Vestibular bulb
Vestibular gland
Urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
hymen
Section 3 Internal genital organs
? 1.vagina (阴道 )
? 2.uterus (子宫 )
? 3.oviducts (输卵管 )
? 4.ovaries (卵巢 )
? 5.surrounding
pelvic supporting structures
Section 3 Internal genital organs
（ 二 ） uterus
? 1,Anatomic structure
pear-shaped,thick-walled,muscular organ,
situated between the bladder and rectum
Length:7-8cm,Width,3-5cm,thickness:2-3cm
fundus,corpus,cervix
? 2,Histologic structure
? ① endometrium:functional/basal layer
? ② myometrium
? ③ serosal layer
uterus
fundus
cavity
corpus
cervix
fornix
vagina
isthmus
Supra-vaginal
Vaginal part
coronary sagittal
Anatomical os.
Histologic os.
myometrium
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
Uterine lig.
Cardinal lig
Round lig
Broad lig
Ovarian lig
infundibulopelvic
Utero-sacral lig.
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
Fallopian tubes
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus interstitial
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
ovary
Germinal layer
medulla
Corpus luteum
follicle
Corpus albican
cortex
Tunica albuginea
Size,4cm X 3cm X 1cm; shape,ellipse
Section 4 neighbouring organs
? urethra
? urinary bladder
? ureter
? rectum
? appendix vermiformis
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Pelvic vasculature,
– Ovarian artery,arising from aorta,but the left
side arising from left renal artery
– Uterine artery,arising from internal iliac artery
– Vaginal artery,arising from internal iliac artery
or from the uterine artery
– Internal pudendal artery,is the terminal branch
of the internal iliac artery
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Lymphatic drainage,
– External genital organ lymph group,1,
superficial inguinal lymph nodes,2,deep
inguinal lymph nodes
– Pelvic lymph group,1,iliac lymph group,
2,presacral lymph group,3.lumbar
lymph group.
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Pelvic innervation
– External genital organ,pudendal nerve
arising from sacral plexus
– Internal genital organ,controlled by
sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system
Section 6 pelvic floor
? （ 一 ） external layer
? 1,bulbocavernosus m(球海绵体肌 ).
? 2,ischiocavernosus m(坐骨海绵体肌 ).
? 3,superficial transverse perineal m(会阴
浅横肌 ).
? 4,external sphincter m.of anus(肛门外括约
肌 )
? （ 二 ） urogenital diaphragm (泌尿生殖膈 )
? 1,superior/inferior facia (筋膜 )
? 2,deep transverse perineal m.(会阴深横肌 )
? 3,Compressor of urethra(尿道括约肌 )
? （ 三 ） pelvic diaphragm(盆膈 )
? pubococcygeal m 耻尾肌,
? levator ani m,→iliococcygeal m 髂尾肌
? (肛提肌 ) ischiococcygeal m 坐尾肌
female reproductive system
Section 1 Pelvis
Section 2 External genital organs
Section 3 Internal genital organs
Section 4 Neighbouring organs
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
Section 6 Pelvic floor
Section 1 Pelvis
? （ 一 ） composition
? 1,bone,sacrum骶骨, coccyx尾骨,
2 coxae髋骨 （ ilium髂骨,ischium坐
骨,pubis耻骨 ）
? 2,joints,pubic symphysis耻骨联
合, sacro-iliac j骶髂关节,sacro-
coccygeal j骶尾关节,
? 3,ligaments,sacro-tuberous lig
骶结节韧带,Sacro-spinous lig骶棘韧
带,
Normal pelvis
ilium
sacrum
coccyx
ischium
pubis
Pelvic ligament
Sacro-tuberous lig.
Sacro-spinous lig.
Section 1 Pelvis
? （ 二 ） Boundary of pelvis
? The pelvis is divided into the
pelvis major(false pelvis) and the
pelvis minor (true pelvis) passing
through the upper margin of the
sacral promontory( 骶骨岬 ),the
arcuate line of the ilium,and the
upper margin of the symphysis pubis.
Normal pelvis
ilium
sacrum
coccyx
classification
Gynecoid
女型
Android
男型
Anthropoid
类人猿
Platypelloid
扁平型
? mons pubis(阴阜 )
? labium majus(大阴唇 )
? labium minus
? Clitoris(阴蒂 )
? vaginal vestibule(阴道前庭 )
? vestibular bulb(前庭球 ),Bartholin‘s gland(巴多
林腺 )
? urethral orifice,vaginal orifice and hymen(处女
膜 )
Section 2 External genital organs
vestibule
Vestibular bulb
Vestibular gland
Urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
hymen
Section 3 Internal genital organs
? 1.vagina (阴道 )
? 2.uterus (子宫 )
? 3.oviducts (输卵管 )
? 4.ovaries (卵巢 )
? 5.surrounding
pelvic supporting structures
Section 3 Internal genital organs
（ 二 ） uterus
? 1,Anatomic structure
pear-shaped,thick-walled,muscular organ,
situated between the bladder and rectum
Length:7-8cm,Width,3-5cm,thickness:2-3cm
fundus,corpus,cervix
? 2,Histologic structure
? ① endometrium:functional/basal layer
? ② myometrium
? ③ serosal layer
uterus
fundus
cavity
corpus
cervix
fornix
vagina
isthmus
Supra-vaginal
Vaginal part
coronary sagittal
Anatomical os.
Histologic os.
myometrium
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
Uterine lig.
Cardinal lig
Round lig
Broad lig
Ovarian lig
infundibulopelvic
Utero-sacral lig.
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
Fallopian tubes
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus interstitial
? 3,ligaments
① round lig.
② broad lig (ovarian lig and
infundibulopelvic lig)
③ cardinal lig.
④ uterosacral lig.
? （ 三 ） fallopian tube
? 1,interstitial portion
? 2,isthmic portion
? 3,ampulla
? 4,infundibulum
? （ 四 ） ovary
ovary
Germinal layer
medulla
Corpus luteum
follicle
Corpus albican
cortex
Tunica albuginea
Size,4cm X 3cm X 1cm; shape,ellipse
Section 4 neighbouring organs
? urethra
? urinary bladder
? ureter
? rectum
? appendix vermiformis
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Pelvic vasculature,
– Ovarian artery,arising from aorta,but the left
side arising from left renal artery
– Uterine artery,arising from internal iliac artery
– Vaginal artery,arising from internal iliac artery
or from the uterine artery
– Internal pudendal artery,is the terminal branch
of the internal iliac artery
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Lymphatic drainage,
– External genital organ lymph group,1,
superficial inguinal lymph nodes,2,deep
inguinal lymph nodes
– Pelvic lymph group,1,iliac lymph group,
2,presacral lymph group,3.lumbar
lymph group.
Section 5 Vascular,lymphatic and
nervous system
? Pelvic innervation
– External genital organ,pudendal nerve
arising from sacral plexus
– Internal genital organ,controlled by
sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system
Section 6 pelvic floor
? （ 一 ） external layer
? 1,bulbocavernosus m(球海绵体肌 ).
? 2,ischiocavernosus m(坐骨海绵体肌 ).
? 3,superficial transverse perineal m(会阴
浅横肌 ).
? 4,external sphincter m.of anus(肛门外括约
肌 )
? （ 二 ） urogenital diaphragm (泌尿生殖膈 )
? 1,superior/inferior facia (筋膜 )
? 2,deep transverse perineal m.(会阴深横肌 )
? 3,Compressor of urethra(尿道括约肌 )
? （ 三 ） pelvic diaphragm(盆膈 )
? pubococcygeal m 耻尾肌,
? levator ani m,→iliococcygeal m 髂尾肌
? (肛提肌 ) ischiococcygeal m 坐尾肌
