2005年 Ⅰ. Direction: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. (20 points) The cartoon symbolically states the ways that three sons and a daughter treat their old, helpless father. They each stand in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicks out the father, who huddles up into a ball. The other children prepare to ward him off. It is sad to see none of the children is willing to receive their father. [图画图表描述段] The picture is thought- provoking. What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today’s society: many grown-up children refuse to support their aging parents. While they enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and left alone to face poverty. As these elderly people have grown so physically weak that they are not capable of supporting themselves any longer. I think these children have betrayed their own conscience and therefore should be criticized by the society. [意义阐释段] According to Chinese culture, to be kind to one’ s parents is the height of virtue. We owe so much to our parents in that they not only gave us life but have done so much in bringing us up. It is not reasonable against nature for us terrorsponsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old. Further more, we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy. [建议措施段] Ⅱ. Direction: 　　　　Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&fashion. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology. 　　　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10points) Dear Mr. Wang, I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved. First of all, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised. It’s very difficult for me to support a large family. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months. I was never given any really important responsibility. Please consider of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused to you. faithfully Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2004年 Ⅰ. Direction:  It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring downing his face. After a long journey, he is making the final spurt(冲刺) toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become the champion. It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory. However, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new “starting point” and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination. [图画图表描述段] Undoubtedly the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress. Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another. Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world. As Deng Xiaoping, the great Chinese leader said, “Development is the only way.” No matter how powerful a country is, no matter how successful a specific institution, it will definitely seek new development in high speed. Generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant(停滞的，迟钝的). [意义阐释段] A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou Ⅴ spacecraft” which sets China in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. Instead, we are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “Destination is another starting point.” [举例论证段] 范文二： The drawing vividly shows a runner who is arriving at the finishing line that is also the point that he has started from. In the drawing, the runner is running around the track of a playground. On both side of the runner, there are two poles and a line between them. On the ground there are two signs that say “ENDING” and “STARTING”. [图画图表描述段] The painter wants to tell us that, just like running, whatever we are doing, we should never stop making progress. The ending point just means a new starting point at which we should set new goals and continue to pursue them. This view is absolutely right in every sense. First and foremost, it applies to individuals as in such a competitive world everybody is trying to get ahead. Furthermore, corporation and organizations of any kind should also embrace this view, for they act as an independent person in the market and should always look ahead for new opening and possibilities to enhance business. Last but not least, the country on the whole should move forward in terms of politics, economy, and culture so that we China as a nation can gain sustained respect from other peoples. [意义阐释段] Examples to prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive are the cases of famous athletes like Fu Mingxia and Deng Yaping, whose success is gained through non-stop efforts. It goes without saying that if they had been content with being just a regional or national champion and stopped practicing, they wouldn’t have accomplished so much and become world-famous. By contrast, a lot of people choose to take a rest to enjoy their small success and thus lose the motivation for further achievement. Similarly, plenty of companies are merged by bigger and more powerful ones just because they are overjoyed with their small profits and unaware of the danger posed by more ambitious rivals. In sum, keeping making progress should be the right attitude towards life and work for everybody and even for a country. [举例论证段] 2003年 Ⅰ. Direction: Study the following pictures carefully and write and write an essay about 200 words based on the following: Describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning. Point out its implications in our life. The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers(枯萎), with the petals cast about on the grounds. [图画图表描述段] To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the greenhouse cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes(缩影) parents doting(溺爱) care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties. [意义阐释段] Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. [建议措施段] 2002年 Ⅰ. Direction: study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled "Cultures--National and International".In the essay you should 1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) 关于comment 的三个写作角度： 1、提建议 your suggestions, your solutions; 2、考虑背景及原因 background and reasons; 3、描述未来、预测未来; 三个经典跑题现象 (审题构思时应注意：以小见大、把握象征寓意) 描述图画的单词： 发带 ribbon;耳环 earrings;项链 necklace; 少数民族 minority group;妇女服饰 accessories The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears ribbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group. Undoubtedly, the costume has added oriental charm to her beautiful look/appearance/features. [图画图表描述段] What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a new fashion trend. Instead, it carries cultural meanings. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally. In other words, a nation’s unique culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible, cultural communication can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship. [意义阐释段] In my opinion/From my perspective, national cultures as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. However, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous. [建议措施段] 2001年 Ⅰ. Direction: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it. (在人类的所有价值感情里面，爱心可能是最崇高的，但是每个人理解不同) There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, (即在第一段里面要把图画的象征寓意点出来) 2) give a specific example, (要给出一个具体的例子)and 3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 范文一： When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions. [现象现状说明段] As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. [举例论证段] In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. [归纳结论段 (说明：这第二篇范文是一个学生满分作文修改而成，经典！) 范文二： Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give others love. As can be seen from the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. " This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties. [现象现状说明段] I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following example(s).For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his(her) life. Again, when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed. [举例论证段] To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in. [归纳结论段] 2000年(2005年大纲样题) Ⅰ. Direction: Study the following two pictures carefully and write and essay to 1) describe the pictures, 2) deduce（推理）the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and 3) suggest counter-measures（对策）. As is shown in the pictures, with the rampancy of commercial fishing, the number of fishes dramatically(sharply) decreased. In one pictures, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in1995 there was only one fish, with many fishing-boats. [图表描述段] The purpose of this picture is to show us that due (great enough) attention has to be paid to the decrease (decline) of ocean resources. Owing to over-fishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped. If we let this situation go (continue) as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the future .By that time ,our environment will suffer a great destruction. [意义阐述段] Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic (effective) measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another ,we should enhance(imperative arouse) the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us .Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future. [建议措施段] 1999年 Ⅰ. Direction:  From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet. [图画/图表描述段] Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性）/consequence（贬义）of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct. [原因列举段] In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. [建议措施段] 1998年 Ⅰ. Direction: Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.(现在的作文都要求160~200字了哈！) Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. Give your comments.  In this cartoon, a hen is assuring the public that the eggs she lays are completely round, without any square corners, and that they all have shells and yolks. It seems amusing for the hen to be taking credit for doing nothing more than her duty——to lay ordinary eggs. But there is a deeper social message in this cartoon. [图画图表描述段] Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to make a lot of high-sounding promises. For instance, administration departments promise efficient performance of their tasks, without any bribery involved. Again, commercial enterprises promise to provide excellent products at reasonable prices and with warm service. At first, we feel that we should thank them for making extra efforts on our behalf; but, upon reflection, we realize that they all have a basic responsibility to do things that they promise. [意义阐释段] “Good wine needs no bush.” If businesses and administration do their jobs properly and serve the people, they will prosper without having to make a lot of meaningless promises. [建议措施段] 1997年(2001年大纲样题) Ⅰ. Direction:（去掉1997年的叙述，以2001年的新表述为准。）  The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers. [现象现状说明段] Personally, I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry. [利弊说明段] In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban. [归纳结论段] 1996年 Ⅰ. Direction: Title: GOOD HEALTH Time limit: 40 minutes Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal.” Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: Importance of good health Ways to keep fit 3My own practices The desire for good health is universal. We must have good health to do our work---whether mental or physical work---properly. No matter how knowledgeable a teacher is, he cannot pass on knowledge to students if he is in hospital for long periods of time. [现象现状说明段] However, never forgot the old saying: “A healthy mind in a healthy body”. This means that to preserve one’s health, not only are exercise, fresh air, nutritious food and drink, and sufficient sleep necessary; attention should be paid also to mental health. In other words, happy people are physically fitter than unhappy people, and the latter are less physically fit than the former. Therefore, if we want to improve our health, we must face life with smile. [意义阐释段] Personally speaking, I maintain that my daily habits are conducive to good health. I am careful to avoid food high in fat, salt and sugar. I also engage in regular physical exercise. “Doctor” and “hospital” are words you will seldom hear from me. [建议措施段] 1995年 Ⅰ. Direction: Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE” Time limit: 40 minutes Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.” Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: Present situation 2Necessity of the project My suggestion Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. Without a well-educated population, China will not be able to achieve its planned economic growth, catch up with the developed nations technologically or improve the living standards of its people. Yet, according to recent statistics, there are over two million children in China who have dropped out of school because their parents are too poor to pay the fees. [现象现状说明段] At the moment, the government has too many things to do as it builds up the economy, and cannot afford the money needed to get those children back to school. And so a nationwide drive is necessary to raise funds to rescue them from illiteracy and ignorance. That drive is called the “Project Hope”. The project is a timely response to the problem, and many children living in the poverty-stricken parts of China now have a bright future because of the generosity of the people who have donated money to it. [原因列举段] Nevertheless, the “Project Hope” is only a temporary measure, and not a permanent solution. What is needed is a properly funded education system so that all children can be guaranteed an education, which will equip them to their roles to the full in the modernization of their country.[建议措施段] 1994年 Ⅰ. Direction: Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS Time limit: 40 minutes Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.” Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: The need for friends 2True friendship My principle in making friends As a human, one can hardly do without a friend. In fact, friends are sometimes more crucial and useful to us than our own family members. Our joys are more pleasant when we have a friend to share them; and our sorrows are easier to hear if we have a friend at our side. Indeed, we sometimes find it easier to confide in friends when we have secrets we reluctant to reveal to even our closest relatives. [原因列举段] However, not all the people we are accustomed to calling friends are friends in the true sense of the word; most of the people we share social occasions with are merely acquaintances. Real friendship involves sincerely, mutual trust and self-sacrifice, both in moments of happiness and on occasions of crisis. A true friend will not just tell us what we want to hear, but advise us to do what he or she thinks is really best for us in the long run. [意义阐释段] My principle in making friends is to ignore things like what work they do and what their social backgrounds are, but, instead, to observe carefully the little things that reveal their characters. In this way I can be sure that these friends will never let me down, and that we will always be ready to help each other no matter what problems crop up. [建议措施段] 1993年 Ⅰ. Direction: Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV Time limit: 40 minutes Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen.” Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: Present state 2Reasons 3My comments Today, advertisements in mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen. They are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs---new, weather forecasts quiz shows, etc. ---but even interrupt dramas and movies, and annoy the viewers. [现象现状描述段] First and foremost, the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of disseminating information. As China develops its highly competitive market economy, manufacturers and sales people need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available. Furthermore, TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least, it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of products that they may choose from. [原因列举段] So, advertisements on TV serve three useful purposes. Nevertheless, the TV stations should avoid showing advertisements which are of poor quality and make sure that advertisements do not appear so frequently that they spoil the viewer’s enjoyment of his or her favorite programs. [建议措施段] 1992年 Ⅰ. Direction: A) Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD B) Time limit: 40 minutes C) Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not includtng the given opening sentence) D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence. E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANISWER SHEET. OUTLINE : 1 . Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child 2 . Possible reasons: 1 ) Different likes and dislikes 2 ) Misunderstanding 3) Others 3 . Suggestions : l) For parents 2) For children Nowadays, there is often a lack of understanding between parents and child. As children get older, they become less eager to communicate with their parents, and a so-called “generation gap” is formed. [现象现状描述段] There are many reasons for this: first of all, parents tend to be conservative and satisfied with what they have, while children are always keen to experience something new, and are quick to adopt new fashion and ways of thinking. Parents, because they have a better understanding of the dangers in society, criticize their youngsters’ behavior and are reluctant to let them have their own way. At the same time, children regard their parents as old-fashioned and ignorant of the modern world. [原因列举段] To dispel such misunderstanding, I think that parents should realize that their children do not need constant protection so much as help to stand on their own feet as independent young people. At the same time, children should recognize that their parents have a wealth of experience, and appreciate their advice and help. [建议措施段] 1991年 Ⅰ. Direction: Title: WHERE TO LIVE---IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY? Time limit: 40 minutes Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence. Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: Conveniences of the city Attractions of the country Disadvantages of both My preference Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city. The city offers a wide choice of jobs for adults and schools for children. It also provides plenty of facilities for culture, entertainment and recreation---restaurants, department, stores, cinemas, and so on. Besides, transportation is usually well developed in the city, with a variety of modes of travel, including buses, trains and subways. In the country, on the other hand, one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food, and a more relaxed life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. And, as for recreation, what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery? However there are advantages to living in either the city or the country. City air tends to be polluted, and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country, on the other hand, the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated. All in all, I would say that living in the city is best, for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work; after all, one can always spend vacations in the country---and get the best of both.