细胞科学
Cell Science
蔡国平
§ 1 The Evolutionary History of Cell
Biology in Brief
1,Discovery of cell and the evolution of
cell theory,(~1850s)
2,Establishment of cytology- classic period
(1850-1900)
3,Experiment cytological period
(1900-1950)
4,Cell biology period (1950-)
§ 2 The Position of the Cell in the Order of
Life and Responsibilities of Cell Biology
1,The order of life and organisation of life
2,The position of the cell in the order of life
3,Responsibilities of cell biology
§ 3,The general structure and
multiplicity of the cell
1.Biogap
2,viruses,viroid and prion
3,Two fundamentally different classes
of cells
4.The three kingdoms of organisms
§ 4,How to study cells
1,Structural levels and resolution power of
observation instruments
2,Light microscopy
3,Electron microscopy
4,Cell sorting,cell culture and cell clone
5,The fractionation of a cell’s contents by
differential centrifugation
6,Biochemical and Molecular biological
technique
7,Analysis of cells by non-impairment detect
techniques
§ 5,The general structure and function of the
plasma membrane
1,Introduction
2,A summary of membrane function
3,The structure of the plasma membrane
4,The dynamic nature of the plasma membrane
§ 6.The movement of substances across cell membrane
1,The energetics of solute movement and diffusion of
substances through membrane
2,Four basic mechanism by which solute molecules
move across membrane
1) Passive transport
(1) simple diffusion
(2) The diffusion of ions through membrane by
hydrophilic channels
(3) Facilitated diffusion
2) Active transport
3,Roles of movement of small molecules across
membrane
4,Cellular homeostasis
§ 7,Cytosol and the synthesis of proteins
1,Cytosol
2,Microtrabecular system
3,Ribosomes and proteins synthesis
4,Sorting and transport of proteins synthesized
on the free-ribosomes in the cytosol
1) The transport of proteins into the nucleus
2) Importing mitochondria proteins
3) Import and sorting of Chloroplast (Chl)
proteins
4) Synthesis and targeting of peroxisomal
proteins
5) Lipid-anchored membrane proteins onto the
cytoplasmic leaflet
§ 8,Cytoplasmic membrane systems
1,The dynamic nature of the endomembrane system
2,A few approaches to study of endomembranes
3 Structues and funcions of the major organelles of EMS
1) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2) Golgi complex (apparatus)
3) Lysosomes
4) Plant cell vacuoles
4,Synthesis,sorting and translocation of proteins synthesized in
biosynthesis pathway and secretory pathway
1) Two types of proteins,synthesized on ER membane bound-
ribosomes versus that on free cytosolic ribosomes:
2) Protens can move or transport between compartments in
different ways
3) Soluble proteins destined for secretion or residence within the lysosomal
and other vacuolate lumens -the sighal hypothesis
4) Proteins destined for incorporation into the the plasma membrane or
membranes of the ER and other organelles of EMS
5,Processing of proteins and membrane lipids biosynthesis in the ER
and the GC - Establishment and maintenace of membrane asymmetry
6,The mechanism of vesicular transport in the secrerory and endocytic
pathways
7,Exocytosis and endocytosis
8,A dynamic,integrated network of the endomembrane system
§ 9,Bioenergetics and metabolism
1,Aerobic respiration and the mitochondrion
1) Mitochondrial structure and function
2) Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrion
2,Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrion
1) Chloroplast (Chl) structure and function
2) Molecular mechanism of Light-dependent reaction and
organisation of the thylakoid membrane
3) Carbon dioxide fixation and the formation of carbohydrates
4) Organization of the thylakoid membrane
3,Metabolic regultion of Mit,and Chl.
4,Mitochodria and chloroplasts are semiautonomous organelle
5,The peroxisome and glyoxysome (microbodies)
1) The functions of Peroxisome and The role of the peroxisome in
cellular signalling
2) Biogenesis of peroxisomes
3) Glyoxysomes
§ 10 The cytoskeleton and Cell mobility
1,Online
1) what is cytoskeleton
-microtubles,microfilaments,intermediate filaments
2) The function of cytoskeleton in general
3) The study of the cytoskeleton
4) Common characteristics of protein chemistry and structure
of three types of cytoskeleton
5) Molecular motors
2,Structure and composition of microfilament
3,The structure and composition of microtubules (MTs)
4,Intermediate filament
5,Assembly and disassembly of cytoskeleton
6,Cytoskeleton and motile of cells
§ 11,The cell nucleus and the control of gene expression
1,Outline
2,The nuclear envelope
3,The nucleolus
4,The chromatin and chromosomes
5,The nucleus as an organized organelle
6,The complex of eukaryote genome
7,Control of gene expression in karyotes
§ 12,Cell sociology,Cells into Tissues and organism
- Cell association and interaction of between cells and their nvironment
1,Cell surface,a complex structural and functional system
1) Cell surface:
2) Cell surface properties and surface activities
3) Bi-electronic layer and cell electrophoresis
2,Extracellular matrix (ECM)
1) collagen
(1) Collagen molecule structure
(2) The synthesis of collagen and the formation of collagen fibril and the
structural features of collagen fibrils.
(3) Types of collagen
(4) The functional properties of collagen fibrils,dependingon tissues.
2) Proteoglycans (PG)
(1) Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
(2) Proteoglycans- GAG chains covalently linked to a core protein
(3) PG classification:
(4) The structural features and functional property of PG
(5) Function of PG
3) Non-collagen glycoproteins(GP)---multiadhesive matrix proteins
(1) The structural and functional features of multiadhesive GPs
(2) Structure and function of fibronectin (FN)
(3) Laminin(LN) is principal structural protein of all basa
(4) Tanascin and other glycoproteins(GP)
4) Elastin
5) The degradation of ECM components is tightly controlled
6) ECM receptor on animal cells,the integrins--- An adhensive protein
for cell- ECM adhension.
7) Summary for ECM
3,Cell adhesion
1) Outline –
Two types of cell adhesion,Adhesion of cell to non-cellular
surfaces and Adhesion of cell to other cells.
2) Adhesive proteins and cell-adhesion receptors of cell surface,
3) Anchoring cell to their substratum
4) Adhesion of cells to other cells
5) Energetic basis of Cell adhesion
4,Cell junction
1) Anchoring junction between cells
2) Desmosomes
3)Tight junctions,sealing the extracellular space
4) Communication Junctions
(1) Gap junctions
(2) Plasmodesmata
§ 13,Cell signaling,communication between cells and their
environment
1 Cell communication and what is cell signaling
2,Some of the basic characteristics of cell signaling systems
3,Main classes of cell-surface receptor proteins for secreted
signaling molecules
4,G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptor-mediated cell
signaling system
5,Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs),The receptors for most
growth factors
6,Signaling that originate from cell-surface contact
7, Convergence,divergence and crosstalk among different
signaling pathways and target-cell adaptation to a signaling
ligand
§ 14,Cell reproduction and the cell cycle
§ 15,Cell differentiation
§ 16,Cell diversity and cell evolution
3) Non-collagen glycoproteins(GP)---multiadhesive matrix proteins
(1) The structural and functional features of multiadhesive GPs
(2) Structure and function of fibronectin (FN)
(3) Laminin(LN) is principal structural protein of all basa
(4) Tanascin and other glycoproteins(GP)
4) Elastin
5) The degradation of ECM components is tightly controlled
6) ECM receptor on animal cells,the integrins--- An adhensive protein
for cell- ECM adhension,
Cell Science
蔡国平
§ 1 The Evolutionary History of Cell
Biology in Brief
1,Discovery of cell and the evolution of
cell theory,(~1850s)
2,Establishment of cytology- classic period
(1850-1900)
3,Experiment cytological period
(1900-1950)
4,Cell biology period (1950-)
§ 2 The Position of the Cell in the Order of
Life and Responsibilities of Cell Biology
1,The order of life and organisation of life
2,The position of the cell in the order of life
3,Responsibilities of cell biology
§ 3,The general structure and
multiplicity of the cell
1.Biogap
2,viruses,viroid and prion
3,Two fundamentally different classes
of cells
4.The three kingdoms of organisms
§ 4,How to study cells
1,Structural levels and resolution power of
observation instruments
2,Light microscopy
3,Electron microscopy
4,Cell sorting,cell culture and cell clone
5,The fractionation of a cell’s contents by
differential centrifugation
6,Biochemical and Molecular biological
technique
7,Analysis of cells by non-impairment detect
techniques
§ 5,The general structure and function of the
plasma membrane
1,Introduction
2,A summary of membrane function
3,The structure of the plasma membrane
4,The dynamic nature of the plasma membrane
§ 6.The movement of substances across cell membrane
1,The energetics of solute movement and diffusion of
substances through membrane
2,Four basic mechanism by which solute molecules
move across membrane
1) Passive transport
(1) simple diffusion
(2) The diffusion of ions through membrane by
hydrophilic channels
(3) Facilitated diffusion
2) Active transport
3,Roles of movement of small molecules across
membrane
4,Cellular homeostasis
§ 7,Cytosol and the synthesis of proteins
1,Cytosol
2,Microtrabecular system
3,Ribosomes and proteins synthesis
4,Sorting and transport of proteins synthesized
on the free-ribosomes in the cytosol
1) The transport of proteins into the nucleus
2) Importing mitochondria proteins
3) Import and sorting of Chloroplast (Chl)
proteins
4) Synthesis and targeting of peroxisomal
proteins
5) Lipid-anchored membrane proteins onto the
cytoplasmic leaflet
§ 8,Cytoplasmic membrane systems
1,The dynamic nature of the endomembrane system
2,A few approaches to study of endomembranes
3 Structues and funcions of the major organelles of EMS
1) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2) Golgi complex (apparatus)
3) Lysosomes
4) Plant cell vacuoles
4,Synthesis,sorting and translocation of proteins synthesized in
biosynthesis pathway and secretory pathway
1) Two types of proteins,synthesized on ER membane bound-
ribosomes versus that on free cytosolic ribosomes:
2) Protens can move or transport between compartments in
different ways
3) Soluble proteins destined for secretion or residence within the lysosomal
and other vacuolate lumens -the sighal hypothesis
4) Proteins destined for incorporation into the the plasma membrane or
membranes of the ER and other organelles of EMS
5,Processing of proteins and membrane lipids biosynthesis in the ER
and the GC - Establishment and maintenace of membrane asymmetry
6,The mechanism of vesicular transport in the secrerory and endocytic
pathways
7,Exocytosis and endocytosis
8,A dynamic,integrated network of the endomembrane system
§ 9,Bioenergetics and metabolism
1,Aerobic respiration and the mitochondrion
1) Mitochondrial structure and function
2) Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrion
2,Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrion
1) Chloroplast (Chl) structure and function
2) Molecular mechanism of Light-dependent reaction and
organisation of the thylakoid membrane
3) Carbon dioxide fixation and the formation of carbohydrates
4) Organization of the thylakoid membrane
3,Metabolic regultion of Mit,and Chl.
4,Mitochodria and chloroplasts are semiautonomous organelle
5,The peroxisome and glyoxysome (microbodies)
1) The functions of Peroxisome and The role of the peroxisome in
cellular signalling
2) Biogenesis of peroxisomes
3) Glyoxysomes
§ 10 The cytoskeleton and Cell mobility
1,Online
1) what is cytoskeleton
-microtubles,microfilaments,intermediate filaments
2) The function of cytoskeleton in general
3) The study of the cytoskeleton
4) Common characteristics of protein chemistry and structure
of three types of cytoskeleton
5) Molecular motors
2,Structure and composition of microfilament
3,The structure and composition of microtubules (MTs)
4,Intermediate filament
5,Assembly and disassembly of cytoskeleton
6,Cytoskeleton and motile of cells
§ 11,The cell nucleus and the control of gene expression
1,Outline
2,The nuclear envelope
3,The nucleolus
4,The chromatin and chromosomes
5,The nucleus as an organized organelle
6,The complex of eukaryote genome
7,Control of gene expression in karyotes
§ 12,Cell sociology,Cells into Tissues and organism
- Cell association and interaction of between cells and their nvironment
1,Cell surface,a complex structural and functional system
1) Cell surface:
2) Cell surface properties and surface activities
3) Bi-electronic layer and cell electrophoresis
2,Extracellular matrix (ECM)
1) collagen
(1) Collagen molecule structure
(2) The synthesis of collagen and the formation of collagen fibril and the
structural features of collagen fibrils.
(3) Types of collagen
(4) The functional properties of collagen fibrils,dependingon tissues.
2) Proteoglycans (PG)
(1) Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
(2) Proteoglycans- GAG chains covalently linked to a core protein
(3) PG classification:
(4) The structural features and functional property of PG
(5) Function of PG
3) Non-collagen glycoproteins(GP)---multiadhesive matrix proteins
(1) The structural and functional features of multiadhesive GPs
(2) Structure and function of fibronectin (FN)
(3) Laminin(LN) is principal structural protein of all basa
(4) Tanascin and other glycoproteins(GP)
4) Elastin
5) The degradation of ECM components is tightly controlled
6) ECM receptor on animal cells,the integrins--- An adhensive protein
for cell- ECM adhension.
7) Summary for ECM
3,Cell adhesion
1) Outline –
Two types of cell adhesion,Adhesion of cell to non-cellular
surfaces and Adhesion of cell to other cells.
2) Adhesive proteins and cell-adhesion receptors of cell surface,
3) Anchoring cell to their substratum
4) Adhesion of cells to other cells
5) Energetic basis of Cell adhesion
4,Cell junction
1) Anchoring junction between cells
2) Desmosomes
3)Tight junctions,sealing the extracellular space
4) Communication Junctions
(1) Gap junctions
(2) Plasmodesmata
§ 13,Cell signaling,communication between cells and their
environment
1 Cell communication and what is cell signaling
2,Some of the basic characteristics of cell signaling systems
3,Main classes of cell-surface receptor proteins for secreted
signaling molecules
4,G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptor-mediated cell
signaling system
5,Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs),The receptors for most
growth factors
6,Signaling that originate from cell-surface contact
7, Convergence,divergence and crosstalk among different
signaling pathways and target-cell adaptation to a signaling
ligand
§ 14,Cell reproduction and the cell cycle
§ 15,Cell differentiation
§ 16,Cell diversity and cell evolution
3) Non-collagen glycoproteins(GP)---multiadhesive matrix proteins
(1) The structural and functional features of multiadhesive GPs
(2) Structure and function of fibronectin (FN)
(3) Laminin(LN) is principal structural protein of all basa
(4) Tanascin and other glycoproteins(GP)
4) Elastin
5) The degradation of ECM components is tightly controlled
6) ECM receptor on animal cells,the integrins--- An adhensive protein
for cell- ECM adhension,
