Air Passenger
Transportation
2012-3-22 2
Air PassengerTransportation
? Introduction to tourism
? Travel geography
? Air transport
? Fare calculations and ticketing
? Travel guides (OAG)
? Travel formalities (TIM)
2012-3-22 3
Air Passenger
Transportation
? Travel guides(OAG)
? Travel formalities(TIM)
2012-3-22 4
Basically Comprises of
Tourism
? Transportation
? Accommodation
? Sales
? Ancillary service
2012-3-22 5
Introduction
? Transportation types
? Air
? Water
? Land
? A Tourist’s Need for Transportation
? generating country(point of origin) to
host country(destination)
? between host countries
? within host countries
2012-3-22 6
Transportation
? Introduction
? Air Transportation
? Water Transportation
? Land Transportation
2012-3-22 7
Air Transportation
? General terms used in airline sector
? IATA 3-letter city and airport codes
2012-3-22 8
Water Transportation
? Forms of travel on water
? ocean cruise
? ferries and hovercrafts
? passenger cargo ships
? river cruise
? yacht charters
? other service
? general terms used in shipping
2012-3-22 9
Land Transportation
? Rail
? cars
? motor coaches and buses
2012-3-22 10
Accommodation
? Factors which influence the
accommodation selection process
? Location
? Price
? Size
? Facilities
? General terms in accommodation sector
2012-3-22 11
Ancillary service
? Attractions
? Tourist publications
? Public service and amenities
? Financial services
? Food and beverage
? Entertainment
? Retail facilities
2012-3-22 12
Sales
? Sales distribution
? supplier
? tour operator/wholesaler
? travel agent
2012-3-22 13
Inter-relationship
Between All Sectors
T H E C U S T O M E R
S A L E S
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N
A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N C I L L A R Y S E R V I C E
2012-3-22 14
The tourism product
? Individual portions of tourism
product
? transportation
? accommodation
? attractions and activities
? financial service
? tourist publication
? interpreters
? tour guides,etc
2012-3-22 15
Characteristics of the Tourism
Product
? Composite nature
? service based
? interdependence of sub-products
? perishability
2012-3-22 16
Tourism Industry Terms
and Codes
? Tourism
? domestic tourism
? inbound tourism
? outbound tourism
? …,.,
2012-3-22 17
Tourism Organization
? International
? national
? destination
? sector
2012-3-22 18
International organization
? UN-United Nations
? W.T.O.-Word Tourism Organization
? ICAO-International Civil Aviation
Organization
? UFTAA-Universal Federation of Travel
Agents’ Associations
? IATA-International Air Transport
Association
2012-3-22 19
Regional organization
? PATA
? EU
? TIAA
2012-3-22 20
Tourist Destination
? Access
? accommodation
? attractions
? activities
? amenities
2012-3-22 21
The Travel Agent
2012-3-22 22
Working in Tourism
2012-3-22 23
Travel Geography
? Economic and physical geography
? IATA and geography
? Planing itineraries by air
? Time difference
2012-3-22 24
Air Transport
? Airline abbreviations,codes and
definitions
? Aircraft and in-flight services
? Airport facilities and special passengers
? Automation
? Baggage
? International regulations
2012-3-22 25
Baggage
? Concepts of baggage
? Concepts of baggage allowance
? weight concept
? piece concept
? Excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 26
Weight concept
? Baggage allowance
? free items
? excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 27
Piece concept
? Baggage allowance
? free items
? excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 28
Travel Guides
? Introduction of OAG
? how to use
2012-3-22 29
OAG Introduction
? Volume1
? stop press information
? content
? how to use
? air travel information
? world wide city to city schedules from
A to M
2012-3-22 30
OAG Introduction(continue)
? Volume2
? world wide city to city schedules from N to
Z
? international car hire
? destination data(in the corporate
edition),or,fare supplement)
2012-3-22 31
The Departure City
? Airport
? airport name
? distance from the city center
? location
? Check-in times(s) at airport
? Surface transportation-rail,bus
2012-3-22 32
The Departure City
FROM AMSTERDAM NETHERLANDS AMS
+0200
?AMSTERDAM-SCHIPHOL 9mls/14kms SW of Amsterdam,Check-in
Dom,30mins,Europe 40,inter-continental 60,to Tel Aviv 2hrs except AC
90,AF 30,AT60,AZ,BA,30,BD 20,CL 45-120,HV 45,IB 30,JL 60,JO
30,KL to London 25,KM 60,……,
RAIL
NS Service from Amsterdam(Central Station ),Journey time
20mins.Calls at Amsterdam Lelylaan,Slow service call additional
at De Vluogtllan and Sloterdjik,
NS service from Amsterdam (RAI Station),Journey time 10mins,
Calls at Amsterdam(Zuid/World trade center),
BUS
central Nederland Buses service area surrounding airport,Enquiry
Tel:020-6152644
2012-3-22 33
? Direct flights
? valid from to
? Dep
? Arr *……,
? Flight No,
? Acft
? Class
? Stops
? NOtes
The Destination City
2012-3-22 34
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM DUSSELDORF FRG DUS Continued
Frankfurt FRA
- - 1234567 0655 DUS 0755 LH201 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1-3-5-67 0728 QDU 0952 LH1055 737 CSTVL 2
LH1055 train service -dep,city rail station
- 15JUN 123456- 1000 DUS 1100 LH1252 300 YBOM 0
12SEP - -----567 2305 DUS *0005 LH223 320 Y 0
2012-3-22 35
The Destination City
? Transfer Connections example LON-ADL
? unpublished transfer connections
? how to select transfer points?
2012-3-22 36
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM DUSSELDORF FRG DUS Continued
Frankfurt FRA
- - 1234567 0655 DUS 0755 LH201 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1-3-5-67 0728 QDU 0952 LH1055 737 CSTVL 2
LH1055 train service -dep,city rail station
- 15JUN 123456- 1000 DUS 1100 LH1252 300 YBOM 0
12SEP - -----567 2305 DUS *0005 LH223 320 Y 0
- - 1234567 0810 DUS 0840CDG LH121 320 YBLM 0
0920 CDG 1000 LH123 320 YBLM 0
2012-3-22 37
Transfer Connections
2012-3-22 38
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM ZURICH SWIZERLAND ZRH
Jeddeh JED
- - 1...4......,1040 0755 SR378 310 FCWYM 1
- - 1..........,1300 0952 SR380 310 FCWYM 0
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM FRANKFURT FRG FRA Continued
Zurich ZRH
- 29JUN 123....7 0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
- 1JUL,....456,0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
2JUL - 123..67 0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1234567 1010 1115 SR533 MD80CWYML0
- - 1234567 1300 1355 LH4550 320 CSVTL 0
2012-3-22 39
Special Passenger
? Family and Group Travel
? special passenger
? passenger with medical problems
? live animals
2012-3-22 40
Family and Group Travel
? Expected women
? infant
? child,the unaccompanied minor
? young passenger
? escorted passenger
? Small group
? large group
2012-3-22 41
Special Passenger
? Religious traveler
? overbooked passenger
? waitlist passenger
? No-show passenger
? smoker
? frequently flyer/airline club member
2012-3-22 42
Special Passenger(Continue)
? others-VIP/CIP High level political
person
? famous artists
? well known sports personalities
? recognized scientist
2012-3-22 43
Passenger With Medical
Problems
? Medical Certificate
? Seating of Passengers With Medical
Problems
? Blind Passenger And/or Deaf Passenger
? wheelchair passengers
2012-3-22 44
live animals
? Seeing eye dog -free
? animals in cabin-small animals
? animals checked-in and transported in
the hold-normally,animals
accompanying a passenger for private
reasons
? animals shipped as cargo-animals
witch not accompanied or shipped for
commercial reasons
2012-3-22 45
General objectives
? Make the efficient use of airline tariff manuals
? quote normal one way and round trip fares in local currency
? construction OW,RT,OJ,and CT fares,using the mileage system,for
SITI
? determine fares for accompanied infants and children,youths and
students
? apply published special fares
? complete manual tickets for all the types of fares covered in this
module
2012-3-22 46
General objectives
? Complete MCO”s and credit card charge forms
? explain the various entries,codes and abbreviations contained in
automated tickets
? understand how a BSP operates and,have an appreciation of the
benefits gained
? describe the procedures applicable to the issuance of BSP
documents
? outline the procedures applicable to accountable document stock
control and,understand the need for security of such document
Air fares
Arrangement of the tariff
manuals
Air tariff
2012-3-22 50
Air tariff
? Book1,vol.1:world Wide Rules and
Mileage
? Book1,vol.2,World Wide Fares
? Book1,vol.3:World Wide Maximum
Permitted Mileage
? Book2,vols.1,2,3:Western
Hemisphere
? Book3:Europe,
2012-3-22 51
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? List of participating carriers
? Contents
? Editorial-highlights changes which have
occurred
? Stop press
? what to use in AIR TARIFF Book1
2012-3-22 52
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? General rules world wide
? fare construction rules
? western hemisphere general rules
? world wide fare rules
? add-ons
2012-3-22 53
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? Routings
? ticketed point mileages
? excess mileage percentage table
2012-3-22 54
Book1,vol.2,World Wide
Fares
? List of Participating
Carriers,Contents,editorial,stop Press-
same As Volume1
? General Rules-c.05”currency
Regulations”
? Fares
? Excess Mileage Percentage Table
2012-3-22 55
Arrangement of the tariff
manuals
? Air Passenger Tariff
2012-3-22 56
Comprises of APT
? Rules
? Fares
? APT Inclusive Tours-APT-IT
? Maximum permitted Mileages-MPM
2012-3-22 57
,Rules” Book
? List of Participating Carriers
? Contents
? Editorial&Stop Press
? country(ISO) and city codes
? Alphabetical index of rules part
2012-3-22 58
,Rules” Book
? Rules
? Carriers’ Special Regulations
? Ticketed Point Mileages
? Excess Mileage Table
2012-3-22 59
,FARES”Book
? Content
? editorial&Stop press
? rules - charter5-”currency”
? notes
? add- on amounts
2012-3-22 60
,FARES”Book
? Normal and Special Fares
? Routings
? Excess Mileage Percentage Table
2012-3-22 61
APT-IT Book
? Rules and special fares
? carriers’ special regulations
? notes
? add-on amounts
? IT fares
2012-3-22 62
IATA Areas
? Area1 -Tc1
? Area2-Tc2
? Area3- Tc3
2012-3-22 63
Area 1
? All of North and South American
Continent and the Adjacent Island
? Central America
? Greenland
? Bermuda
? The West Indies and the Island of the
Caribbean Sea
? The Hawaiian Islands
2012-3-22 64
Area 2
? All of Europe and Adjacent Islands
? The Part of Russian Federation West
of Urals
? Iceland
? The Azores
? All of Africa and the Adjacent Islands
? That Part of Asia Lying West of the
Urals Mountains and Including Iran
2012-3-22 65
Area3
? All of Asia and Adjacent Islands,Except
the Portion Included in Area2
? The Part of Russian Federation East of
Urals
? All of the Indies,Australia,and New
Zealand
? The Island of the Pacific Ocean Except
Those Included in Area1
2012-3-22 66
IATA Sub-areas in area1
? North Atlantic(or North America )
? mid Atlantic
? south Atlantic
2012-3-22 67
IATA Sub-areas in area2
? Europe
? middle east
? Africa
2012-3-22 68
IATA Sub-areas in area3
? South Asian subcontinent
? Japan&Korea
? South East Asia
? South West Pacific
2012-3-22 69
Regions in Europe
? Scandinavia
? Iberian Peninsula
? United Kingdom
? Benelux
2012-3-22 70
Regions in Africa
? Central Africa
? Western Africa
? Eastern Africa
? Southern Africa
? Libya
2012-3-22 71
Global Indicator
? TC1
? WH Example:NYC-LIM-RIO
? TC2
? EH Example:CPH-PAR-CAI-NBO-JNB
? TC3
? EH Example:TYO-BKK-SIN-SYD
2012-3-22 72
Global Indicator
? Between TC1 and TC2
? AT Trans Atlantic Example,LON-NYC-BOS
2012-3-22 73
Journey Types
? One Way(OW)
? Auckland-Sydney
? Auckland-Singapore-Perth
? Round Trip(RT)
? LON-NYC-LON
? BJS-TYO-BJS
LON
NYC
2012-3-22 74
Journey Types
? Circle Trip
? ROM-PAR-VIE-ROM
? ROM-PAR-ZRH-MAD-ROM
? Open Jaw
? PAR-ROM-NCE
? SYD-MNL-TYO-AKL
ROM
PAR
VIE
PAR
ROM
NEC
2012-3-22 75
Journey Types
? Open Jaw
? BJS-TYO surface OSA-BJS
? BJS-PAR surface LON-BJS
? BJS-TYO surface OSA-SHA
BJS
TYO
OSA
BJS
PAR
LON
BJS TYO
OSA SHA
2012-3-22 76
International Sale Indicator
Inside
Outside
Sale Ticketing
Inside
Outside
SITI
SOTO
2012-3-22 77
One Country rules,
? Scandinavia
? USA and Canada
SOLD:OSL TICKETED:STO
CPH
VIE
MAD
PAR
SOLD:YVR TICKETED:NYC
SIA
LAX
SEA
LIM
2012-3-22 78
Fare Types
? Common/special fares
? Y,Y2
? YEE6M
? published fare and add-on fare
? carrier fare
2012-3-22 79
Currency rules
? Concept of NUC ROE and LCF
? NUC
? ROE
? valid date of ROE
? Relationship of NUC ROE LCF
? LCF=NUC*ROE
2012-3-22 80
ROUNDING RULES AND
UNITS
? Higher
? more than one decimal of rounding unit
? deduce the less unit
? if the result big than,0”,rounding up
? else rounding off
? Nearest
2012-3-22 81
FARE
TYPE
CAR
CDE
HEADLINE
CITY
CURRENCY
NUC RULES GI-MPM
BEIJING(BJS)
china Ren Min Bi(CNY)
TO LOS ANGELES
Y
Y
J/C
J2
F
67520
70120
13080
9430
9970
1108.30
1112.23
2257.43
1628.43
1721.37
PA10558
PA E02
PA
E678
E038
NW
UA
2012-3-22 82
f r o m /
to
m a x
m i l e a g e
f a r e
t y p e
m i n
s t a y
n o t e s OW RT
r o u t
- i n g
OW RT
D U B L I N ( D U B )
I R E L A N D N U C I E P
M O N T R E A L Y 9 1 9, 3 8 1 8 3 8, 7 6 A T 6 5 5 1 3 1 0
A T 3 9 3 0 C 1 4 9 4, 8 8 2 9 8 9, 7 6 A T 1 0 6 5 2 1 3 0
F 3 1 0 7, 6 7 6 2 1 5, 3 4 A T 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 8
Y L E E 6 M 7 E 1 0 0 9 0 9, 5 6 A T 6 9 8
Y K E E 6 M 7 E 1 0 0 9 8 1, 1 4 A T 7 5 2
2012-3-22 83
Fare Calculations and
Ticketing
? Mileage Stem
? Ow
? RT/CT/RW
? Side Trip
? OJ
? Mix Class
2012-3-22 84
Mileage system
? Basic concepts of mileage system
? basic items of mileage system
formular
? TPMs choice
? EMA\EMS
? HIP
? Specified routing
2012-3-22 85
basic items of mileage system
formular
? FBP
? NUC
? COND
? MPM
? TPM
? EMA
? EMS
? HIP
? CF
Fare and conditions
Mileage limitations
Check within companies
Construction fare
2012-3-22 86
EMS T=TPM/MPM
1.0000<T≤1.0500 5% 5M
1.0500<T ≤1.1000 10% 10M
1.1000<T ≤1.1500 15% 15M
1.1500<T ≤1.2000 20% 20M
1.2000<T ≤1.2500 25% 25M
T>1.2500 More FBPs
2012-3-22 87
EMA
? Specified points EMA
? two points specified
? one point specified
? Unspecified points EMA
2012-3-22 88
Example of EMA
? BOMDEL/ISBKHI
? HNL
? BUD-middle east
2012-3-22 89
TPM choice
F R O M / T O
H K G C A R R F A R E C A L C
B J S C A
X / M O W C A 2 0 M ( F E )
D A M R B B J S K R T
K R T _ S D 1 8 4 7, 2 0
—
HKG
B J S Q 2, 5 8
R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
T O T A L F A R E
C A L C N U C 1 8 4 9, 7 8
F A R E
H K G 1 4 3 3 0, 0 0
S o l d i n, H K G T i c k e t e d i n, H K G
I S I, S I T I F a r e T y p e, Y
J o u r n e y,
H K G
1235 B J S CA
3602 X / M O W CA
1538 D A M RB
1256 K R T SD
F A R E C O N S T R U C T I O N,
F C P H K G K R T
N U C Y O W E H 1 2 7 5, 5 6
R U L E Z 6 0 1
M P M E H 6 4 1 8
T P M 7629
E M A N I L
E M S 20M
H I P B J S K R T Y O W E H 1 5 3 9, 3 4
R U L E Z 6 0 1
CF 1 8 4 7, 2 0
C H E C K B H C N I L
Q 2, 5 8
T O T A L 1 8 4 9, 7 8
R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
L C F H K D ( N 1 0,2 D ) 1 4 3 2 7, 5 8 ~ H K D 1 4 3 3 0, 0 0
T A T E N T R Y, H K G C A B J S Q 2, 5 8 S U ( F E ) X / M O W R B D A M S D K R T 2 0 M
B J S K R T 1 8 4 7, 2 0 N U C 1 8 4 9, 7 8 E N D R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
E Q U I V F A R E P, D,
K H A R T U M 多种 T P M 的
选择
H I P Q
C H O I N C E O F T P M S
2012-3-22 90
Specified routings
? In APT rules manual
? In APT fares manual
2012-3-22 91
HIP
? means of HIP
? applications
? examples
? exceptions of HIP and its examples
2012-3-22 92
OW fares and BHC
? means of BHC
? applications
? examples
? difference between HIP and BHC
2012-3-22 93
OSC
2012-3-22 94
COM
2012-3-22 95
DMC
2012-3-22 96
RT/CT/RW
2012-3-22 97
LIMITATION ON INDIRECT
TRAVELS
? No more than one DEPARTURE from
the point of ORIGIN
? No more than one ARRIVAL at the
POINT OF DESTINATION
? No more than one STOPOVER at any
one INTERMEDIATE POINT
2012-3-22 98
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? Journeys within area1,and between
area1 and 3 via the pacific
? side trip from and to intermediate points
on journeys within area1 and between
area1 and 3 via the pacific must be
calculated separately and added to the
origin-destination fare,whether or not a
voluntary stopover is made at such
intermediate points,
? YMQ-X/NYC-BOS-NYC-CCS
2012-3-22 99
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? A journey(on one ticket or on
conjunction tickets),at the time of issue
or when reissued,may not include more
than
? 3 international arrival and 3 international
departure in a single country in Europe,
otherwise separate tickets must be ticketed,
2012-3-22 100
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? For travel origin in Europe
? a fare component must not include more
than one international departure and one
international arrival at any ticketed point in
the country where travel originates,When
the country is transited to/from other
points in Europe,stopovers are not
permitted in that country,
2012-3-22 101
NOJ
2012-3-22 102
Mix class
Special fares
2012-3-22 104
Categories
? Excursion
? Other special or promotion fare
? Group travel fare
? Inclusive tour fare(IT fare/package
holiday fare)
2012-3-22 105
Characteristics of excursion
fare
? For most part,RT
? always accompanied by a note
reference
? fare basis code,principally,Y”is always
complemented by one or more
secondary codes,
2012-3-22 106
Construction of special fares
? Same as normal fare except HIP
2012-3-22 107
Categories of Excursion fare
? General excursion fares governed by
excursion fare rules
? YOX---OW
? YEE----RT
? purchased fare
? YPX (economy PEX)-restricted instant purchase
fare
? YSX(economy super PEX)-very restricted instant
purchase fare
2012-3-22 108
Categories of Excursion fare
? Advance purchase excursion fare
? YAP(economy APEX)-advance purchase
excursion fare-restricted
? YAB(economy super APEX)- advance
purchase excursion fare-very restricted
2012-3-22 109
Other frequently used codes
? Seasonal codes-H,K,J,F,T,Q,L
? YHAP-economy high season advance
purchase fare
? part week codes-X,W(weekend)
? YXEE-economy,midweek,excursion fare
2012-3-22 110
Special promotion fares code
? Group:YGV
? inclusive tour:YIT
? promotional,
? YZZ,youth fare
? YSD,student fare
? YZS,youth student
? YCD,senior citizen discount
2012-3-22 111
Passenger and baggage
tickets
2012-3-22 112
Tour Brochure
? Introduction to Tour Programs
? Reservation Procedures
? Conclusion
2012-3-22 113
Definitions of Terms and
Abbreviations
? Tour
? Supplier
? Tour Operator /Wholesaler
? Retailer/retail Agent
2012-3-22 114
Types of Tours
? Characteristics of inclusive tours
? categories of inclusive tours
? package tours
2012-3-22 115
How and Why Tours Are
Produced
? Introduction
? how tours are produced
? why tours are produced
2012-3-22 116
Items Included in a Tour
Brochure
? Index
? itineraries
? visual aids
? dates and prices
? inclusions and exclusions
? booking terms and conditions
2012-3-22 117
Booking Conditions Including
Liability&limitation of Liability
? Deposit and cancellation/amendment fees
? costs/prices
? conditions of carriage
? alternations to arrangements and unused
services
? documentation
? baggage allowance
? insurance and responsibility
2012-3-22 118
Travel Formalities
? The passport
? health certificates
? taxes,customs and currency
? travel insurance
? general preventive measures
? the travel information manual(TIM)
? consequences of negligence
2012-3-22 119
Customer Service and Sale
Skills
? Customer service
? selling skills
Transportation
2012-3-22 2
Air PassengerTransportation
? Introduction to tourism
? Travel geography
? Air transport
? Fare calculations and ticketing
? Travel guides (OAG)
? Travel formalities (TIM)
2012-3-22 3
Air Passenger
Transportation
? Travel guides(OAG)
? Travel formalities(TIM)
2012-3-22 4
Basically Comprises of
Tourism
? Transportation
? Accommodation
? Sales
? Ancillary service
2012-3-22 5
Introduction
? Transportation types
? Air
? Water
? Land
? A Tourist’s Need for Transportation
? generating country(point of origin) to
host country(destination)
? between host countries
? within host countries
2012-3-22 6
Transportation
? Introduction
? Air Transportation
? Water Transportation
? Land Transportation
2012-3-22 7
Air Transportation
? General terms used in airline sector
? IATA 3-letter city and airport codes
2012-3-22 8
Water Transportation
? Forms of travel on water
? ocean cruise
? ferries and hovercrafts
? passenger cargo ships
? river cruise
? yacht charters
? other service
? general terms used in shipping
2012-3-22 9
Land Transportation
? Rail
? cars
? motor coaches and buses
2012-3-22 10
Accommodation
? Factors which influence the
accommodation selection process
? Location
? Price
? Size
? Facilities
? General terms in accommodation sector
2012-3-22 11
Ancillary service
? Attractions
? Tourist publications
? Public service and amenities
? Financial services
? Food and beverage
? Entertainment
? Retail facilities
2012-3-22 12
Sales
? Sales distribution
? supplier
? tour operator/wholesaler
? travel agent
2012-3-22 13
Inter-relationship
Between All Sectors
T H E C U S T O M E R
S A L E S
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N
A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N C I L L A R Y S E R V I C E
2012-3-22 14
The tourism product
? Individual portions of tourism
product
? transportation
? accommodation
? attractions and activities
? financial service
? tourist publication
? interpreters
? tour guides,etc
2012-3-22 15
Characteristics of the Tourism
Product
? Composite nature
? service based
? interdependence of sub-products
? perishability
2012-3-22 16
Tourism Industry Terms
and Codes
? Tourism
? domestic tourism
? inbound tourism
? outbound tourism
? …,.,
2012-3-22 17
Tourism Organization
? International
? national
? destination
? sector
2012-3-22 18
International organization
? UN-United Nations
? W.T.O.-Word Tourism Organization
? ICAO-International Civil Aviation
Organization
? UFTAA-Universal Federation of Travel
Agents’ Associations
? IATA-International Air Transport
Association
2012-3-22 19
Regional organization
? PATA
? EU
? TIAA
2012-3-22 20
Tourist Destination
? Access
? accommodation
? attractions
? activities
? amenities
2012-3-22 21
The Travel Agent
2012-3-22 22
Working in Tourism
2012-3-22 23
Travel Geography
? Economic and physical geography
? IATA and geography
? Planing itineraries by air
? Time difference
2012-3-22 24
Air Transport
? Airline abbreviations,codes and
definitions
? Aircraft and in-flight services
? Airport facilities and special passengers
? Automation
? Baggage
? International regulations
2012-3-22 25
Baggage
? Concepts of baggage
? Concepts of baggage allowance
? weight concept
? piece concept
? Excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 26
Weight concept
? Baggage allowance
? free items
? excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 27
Piece concept
? Baggage allowance
? free items
? excess baggage charge
2012-3-22 28
Travel Guides
? Introduction of OAG
? how to use
2012-3-22 29
OAG Introduction
? Volume1
? stop press information
? content
? how to use
? air travel information
? world wide city to city schedules from
A to M
2012-3-22 30
OAG Introduction(continue)
? Volume2
? world wide city to city schedules from N to
Z
? international car hire
? destination data(in the corporate
edition),or,fare supplement)
2012-3-22 31
The Departure City
? Airport
? airport name
? distance from the city center
? location
? Check-in times(s) at airport
? Surface transportation-rail,bus
2012-3-22 32
The Departure City
FROM AMSTERDAM NETHERLANDS AMS
+0200
?AMSTERDAM-SCHIPHOL 9mls/14kms SW of Amsterdam,Check-in
Dom,30mins,Europe 40,inter-continental 60,to Tel Aviv 2hrs except AC
90,AF 30,AT60,AZ,BA,30,BD 20,CL 45-120,HV 45,IB 30,JL 60,JO
30,KL to London 25,KM 60,……,
RAIL
NS Service from Amsterdam(Central Station ),Journey time
20mins.Calls at Amsterdam Lelylaan,Slow service call additional
at De Vluogtllan and Sloterdjik,
NS service from Amsterdam (RAI Station),Journey time 10mins,
Calls at Amsterdam(Zuid/World trade center),
BUS
central Nederland Buses service area surrounding airport,Enquiry
Tel:020-6152644
2012-3-22 33
? Direct flights
? valid from to
? Dep
? Arr *……,
? Flight No,
? Acft
? Class
? Stops
? NOtes
The Destination City
2012-3-22 34
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM DUSSELDORF FRG DUS Continued
Frankfurt FRA
- - 1234567 0655 DUS 0755 LH201 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1-3-5-67 0728 QDU 0952 LH1055 737 CSTVL 2
LH1055 train service -dep,city rail station
- 15JUN 123456- 1000 DUS 1100 LH1252 300 YBOM 0
12SEP - -----567 2305 DUS *0005 LH223 320 Y 0
2012-3-22 35
The Destination City
? Transfer Connections example LON-ADL
? unpublished transfer connections
? how to select transfer points?
2012-3-22 36
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM DUSSELDORF FRG DUS Continued
Frankfurt FRA
- - 1234567 0655 DUS 0755 LH201 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1-3-5-67 0728 QDU 0952 LH1055 737 CSTVL 2
LH1055 train service -dep,city rail station
- 15JUN 123456- 1000 DUS 1100 LH1252 300 YBOM 0
12SEP - -----567 2305 DUS *0005 LH223 320 Y 0
- - 1234567 0810 DUS 0840CDG LH121 320 YBLM 0
0920 CDG 1000 LH123 320 YBLM 0
2012-3-22 37
Transfer Connections
2012-3-22 38
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM ZURICH SWIZERLAND ZRH
Jeddeh JED
- - 1...4......,1040 0755 SR378 310 FCWYM 1
- - 1..........,1300 0952 SR380 310 FCWYM 0
Validity days of Flight stops
from to service Dep Arr No,Acft class
FROM FRANKFURT FRG FRA Continued
Zurich ZRH
- 29JUN 123....7 0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
- 1JUL,....456,0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
2JUL - 123..67 0850 0940 LH4586 320 CSVTL 0
- - 1234567 1010 1115 SR533 MD80CWYML0
- - 1234567 1300 1355 LH4550 320 CSVTL 0
2012-3-22 39
Special Passenger
? Family and Group Travel
? special passenger
? passenger with medical problems
? live animals
2012-3-22 40
Family and Group Travel
? Expected women
? infant
? child,the unaccompanied minor
? young passenger
? escorted passenger
? Small group
? large group
2012-3-22 41
Special Passenger
? Religious traveler
? overbooked passenger
? waitlist passenger
? No-show passenger
? smoker
? frequently flyer/airline club member
2012-3-22 42
Special Passenger(Continue)
? others-VIP/CIP High level political
person
? famous artists
? well known sports personalities
? recognized scientist
2012-3-22 43
Passenger With Medical
Problems
? Medical Certificate
? Seating of Passengers With Medical
Problems
? Blind Passenger And/or Deaf Passenger
? wheelchair passengers
2012-3-22 44
live animals
? Seeing eye dog -free
? animals in cabin-small animals
? animals checked-in and transported in
the hold-normally,animals
accompanying a passenger for private
reasons
? animals shipped as cargo-animals
witch not accompanied or shipped for
commercial reasons
2012-3-22 45
General objectives
? Make the efficient use of airline tariff manuals
? quote normal one way and round trip fares in local currency
? construction OW,RT,OJ,and CT fares,using the mileage system,for
SITI
? determine fares for accompanied infants and children,youths and
students
? apply published special fares
? complete manual tickets for all the types of fares covered in this
module
2012-3-22 46
General objectives
? Complete MCO”s and credit card charge forms
? explain the various entries,codes and abbreviations contained in
automated tickets
? understand how a BSP operates and,have an appreciation of the
benefits gained
? describe the procedures applicable to the issuance of BSP
documents
? outline the procedures applicable to accountable document stock
control and,understand the need for security of such document
Air fares
Arrangement of the tariff
manuals
Air tariff
2012-3-22 50
Air tariff
? Book1,vol.1:world Wide Rules and
Mileage
? Book1,vol.2,World Wide Fares
? Book1,vol.3:World Wide Maximum
Permitted Mileage
? Book2,vols.1,2,3:Western
Hemisphere
? Book3:Europe,
2012-3-22 51
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? List of participating carriers
? Contents
? Editorial-highlights changes which have
occurred
? Stop press
? what to use in AIR TARIFF Book1
2012-3-22 52
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? General rules world wide
? fare construction rules
? western hemisphere general rules
? world wide fare rules
? add-ons
2012-3-22 53
Book1,vol.1,World Wide Rules
Routings and Mileages
? Routings
? ticketed point mileages
? excess mileage percentage table
2012-3-22 54
Book1,vol.2,World Wide
Fares
? List of Participating
Carriers,Contents,editorial,stop Press-
same As Volume1
? General Rules-c.05”currency
Regulations”
? Fares
? Excess Mileage Percentage Table
2012-3-22 55
Arrangement of the tariff
manuals
? Air Passenger Tariff
2012-3-22 56
Comprises of APT
? Rules
? Fares
? APT Inclusive Tours-APT-IT
? Maximum permitted Mileages-MPM
2012-3-22 57
,Rules” Book
? List of Participating Carriers
? Contents
? Editorial&Stop Press
? country(ISO) and city codes
? Alphabetical index of rules part
2012-3-22 58
,Rules” Book
? Rules
? Carriers’ Special Regulations
? Ticketed Point Mileages
? Excess Mileage Table
2012-3-22 59
,FARES”Book
? Content
? editorial&Stop press
? rules - charter5-”currency”
? notes
? add- on amounts
2012-3-22 60
,FARES”Book
? Normal and Special Fares
? Routings
? Excess Mileage Percentage Table
2012-3-22 61
APT-IT Book
? Rules and special fares
? carriers’ special regulations
? notes
? add-on amounts
? IT fares
2012-3-22 62
IATA Areas
? Area1 -Tc1
? Area2-Tc2
? Area3- Tc3
2012-3-22 63
Area 1
? All of North and South American
Continent and the Adjacent Island
? Central America
? Greenland
? Bermuda
? The West Indies and the Island of the
Caribbean Sea
? The Hawaiian Islands
2012-3-22 64
Area 2
? All of Europe and Adjacent Islands
? The Part of Russian Federation West
of Urals
? Iceland
? The Azores
? All of Africa and the Adjacent Islands
? That Part of Asia Lying West of the
Urals Mountains and Including Iran
2012-3-22 65
Area3
? All of Asia and Adjacent Islands,Except
the Portion Included in Area2
? The Part of Russian Federation East of
Urals
? All of the Indies,Australia,and New
Zealand
? The Island of the Pacific Ocean Except
Those Included in Area1
2012-3-22 66
IATA Sub-areas in area1
? North Atlantic(or North America )
? mid Atlantic
? south Atlantic
2012-3-22 67
IATA Sub-areas in area2
? Europe
? middle east
? Africa
2012-3-22 68
IATA Sub-areas in area3
? South Asian subcontinent
? Japan&Korea
? South East Asia
? South West Pacific
2012-3-22 69
Regions in Europe
? Scandinavia
? Iberian Peninsula
? United Kingdom
? Benelux
2012-3-22 70
Regions in Africa
? Central Africa
? Western Africa
? Eastern Africa
? Southern Africa
? Libya
2012-3-22 71
Global Indicator
? TC1
? WH Example:NYC-LIM-RIO
? TC2
? EH Example:CPH-PAR-CAI-NBO-JNB
? TC3
? EH Example:TYO-BKK-SIN-SYD
2012-3-22 72
Global Indicator
? Between TC1 and TC2
? AT Trans Atlantic Example,LON-NYC-BOS
2012-3-22 73
Journey Types
? One Way(OW)
? Auckland-Sydney
? Auckland-Singapore-Perth
? Round Trip(RT)
? LON-NYC-LON
? BJS-TYO-BJS
LON
NYC
2012-3-22 74
Journey Types
? Circle Trip
? ROM-PAR-VIE-ROM
? ROM-PAR-ZRH-MAD-ROM
? Open Jaw
? PAR-ROM-NCE
? SYD-MNL-TYO-AKL
ROM
PAR
VIE
PAR
ROM
NEC
2012-3-22 75
Journey Types
? Open Jaw
? BJS-TYO surface OSA-BJS
? BJS-PAR surface LON-BJS
? BJS-TYO surface OSA-SHA
BJS
TYO
OSA
BJS
PAR
LON
BJS TYO
OSA SHA
2012-3-22 76
International Sale Indicator
Inside
Outside
Sale Ticketing
Inside
Outside
SITI
SOTO
2012-3-22 77
One Country rules,
? Scandinavia
? USA and Canada
SOLD:OSL TICKETED:STO
CPH
VIE
MAD
PAR
SOLD:YVR TICKETED:NYC
SIA
LAX
SEA
LIM
2012-3-22 78
Fare Types
? Common/special fares
? Y,Y2
? YEE6M
? published fare and add-on fare
? carrier fare
2012-3-22 79
Currency rules
? Concept of NUC ROE and LCF
? NUC
? ROE
? valid date of ROE
? Relationship of NUC ROE LCF
? LCF=NUC*ROE
2012-3-22 80
ROUNDING RULES AND
UNITS
? Higher
? more than one decimal of rounding unit
? deduce the less unit
? if the result big than,0”,rounding up
? else rounding off
? Nearest
2012-3-22 81
FARE
TYPE
CAR
CDE
HEADLINE
CITY
CURRENCY
NUC RULES GI-MPM
BEIJING(BJS)
china Ren Min Bi(CNY)
TO LOS ANGELES
Y
Y
J/C
J2
F
67520
70120
13080
9430
9970
1108.30
1112.23
2257.43
1628.43
1721.37
PA10558
PA E02
PA
E678
E038
NW
UA
2012-3-22 82
f r o m /
to
m a x
m i l e a g e
f a r e
t y p e
m i n
s t a y
n o t e s OW RT
r o u t
- i n g
OW RT
D U B L I N ( D U B )
I R E L A N D N U C I E P
M O N T R E A L Y 9 1 9, 3 8 1 8 3 8, 7 6 A T 6 5 5 1 3 1 0
A T 3 9 3 0 C 1 4 9 4, 8 8 2 9 8 9, 7 6 A T 1 0 6 5 2 1 3 0
F 3 1 0 7, 6 7 6 2 1 5, 3 4 A T 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 8
Y L E E 6 M 7 E 1 0 0 9 0 9, 5 6 A T 6 9 8
Y K E E 6 M 7 E 1 0 0 9 8 1, 1 4 A T 7 5 2
2012-3-22 83
Fare Calculations and
Ticketing
? Mileage Stem
? Ow
? RT/CT/RW
? Side Trip
? OJ
? Mix Class
2012-3-22 84
Mileage system
? Basic concepts of mileage system
? basic items of mileage system
formular
? TPMs choice
? EMA\EMS
? HIP
? Specified routing
2012-3-22 85
basic items of mileage system
formular
? FBP
? NUC
? COND
? MPM
? TPM
? EMA
? EMS
? HIP
? CF
Fare and conditions
Mileage limitations
Check within companies
Construction fare
2012-3-22 86
EMS T=TPM/MPM
1.0000<T≤1.0500 5% 5M
1.0500<T ≤1.1000 10% 10M
1.1000<T ≤1.1500 15% 15M
1.1500<T ≤1.2000 20% 20M
1.2000<T ≤1.2500 25% 25M
T>1.2500 More FBPs
2012-3-22 87
EMA
? Specified points EMA
? two points specified
? one point specified
? Unspecified points EMA
2012-3-22 88
Example of EMA
? BOMDEL/ISBKHI
? HNL
? BUD-middle east
2012-3-22 89
TPM choice
F R O M / T O
H K G C A R R F A R E C A L C
B J S C A
X / M O W C A 2 0 M ( F E )
D A M R B B J S K R T
K R T _ S D 1 8 4 7, 2 0
—
HKG
B J S Q 2, 5 8
R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
T O T A L F A R E
C A L C N U C 1 8 4 9, 7 8
F A R E
H K G 1 4 3 3 0, 0 0
S o l d i n, H K G T i c k e t e d i n, H K G
I S I, S I T I F a r e T y p e, Y
J o u r n e y,
H K G
1235 B J S CA
3602 X / M O W CA
1538 D A M RB
1256 K R T SD
F A R E C O N S T R U C T I O N,
F C P H K G K R T
N U C Y O W E H 1 2 7 5, 5 6
R U L E Z 6 0 1
M P M E H 6 4 1 8
T P M 7629
E M A N I L
E M S 20M
H I P B J S K R T Y O W E H 1 5 3 9, 3 4
R U L E Z 6 0 1
CF 1 8 4 7, 2 0
C H E C K B H C N I L
Q 2, 5 8
T O T A L 1 8 4 9, 7 8
R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
L C F H K D ( N 1 0,2 D ) 1 4 3 2 7, 5 8 ~ H K D 1 4 3 3 0, 0 0
T A T E N T R Y, H K G C A B J S Q 2, 5 8 S U ( F E ) X / M O W R B D A M S D K R T 2 0 M
B J S K R T 1 8 4 7, 2 0 N U C 1 8 4 9, 7 8 E N D R O E 7, 7 4 5 5 6
E Q U I V F A R E P, D,
K H A R T U M 多种 T P M 的
选择
H I P Q
C H O I N C E O F T P M S
2012-3-22 90
Specified routings
? In APT rules manual
? In APT fares manual
2012-3-22 91
HIP
? means of HIP
? applications
? examples
? exceptions of HIP and its examples
2012-3-22 92
OW fares and BHC
? means of BHC
? applications
? examples
? difference between HIP and BHC
2012-3-22 93
OSC
2012-3-22 94
COM
2012-3-22 95
DMC
2012-3-22 96
RT/CT/RW
2012-3-22 97
LIMITATION ON INDIRECT
TRAVELS
? No more than one DEPARTURE from
the point of ORIGIN
? No more than one ARRIVAL at the
POINT OF DESTINATION
? No more than one STOPOVER at any
one INTERMEDIATE POINT
2012-3-22 98
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? Journeys within area1,and between
area1 and 3 via the pacific
? side trip from and to intermediate points
on journeys within area1 and between
area1 and 3 via the pacific must be
calculated separately and added to the
origin-destination fare,whether or not a
voluntary stopover is made at such
intermediate points,
? YMQ-X/NYC-BOS-NYC-CCS
2012-3-22 99
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? A journey(on one ticket or on
conjunction tickets),at the time of issue
or when reissued,may not include more
than
? 3 international arrival and 3 international
departure in a single country in Europe,
otherwise separate tickets must be ticketed,
2012-3-22 100
OTHER LIMITATIONS
? For travel origin in Europe
? a fare component must not include more
than one international departure and one
international arrival at any ticketed point in
the country where travel originates,When
the country is transited to/from other
points in Europe,stopovers are not
permitted in that country,
2012-3-22 101
NOJ
2012-3-22 102
Mix class
Special fares
2012-3-22 104
Categories
? Excursion
? Other special or promotion fare
? Group travel fare
? Inclusive tour fare(IT fare/package
holiday fare)
2012-3-22 105
Characteristics of excursion
fare
? For most part,RT
? always accompanied by a note
reference
? fare basis code,principally,Y”is always
complemented by one or more
secondary codes,
2012-3-22 106
Construction of special fares
? Same as normal fare except HIP
2012-3-22 107
Categories of Excursion fare
? General excursion fares governed by
excursion fare rules
? YOX---OW
? YEE----RT
? purchased fare
? YPX (economy PEX)-restricted instant purchase
fare
? YSX(economy super PEX)-very restricted instant
purchase fare
2012-3-22 108
Categories of Excursion fare
? Advance purchase excursion fare
? YAP(economy APEX)-advance purchase
excursion fare-restricted
? YAB(economy super APEX)- advance
purchase excursion fare-very restricted
2012-3-22 109
Other frequently used codes
? Seasonal codes-H,K,J,F,T,Q,L
? YHAP-economy high season advance
purchase fare
? part week codes-X,W(weekend)
? YXEE-economy,midweek,excursion fare
2012-3-22 110
Special promotion fares code
? Group:YGV
? inclusive tour:YIT
? promotional,
? YZZ,youth fare
? YSD,student fare
? YZS,youth student
? YCD,senior citizen discount
2012-3-22 111
Passenger and baggage
tickets
2012-3-22 112
Tour Brochure
? Introduction to Tour Programs
? Reservation Procedures
? Conclusion
2012-3-22 113
Definitions of Terms and
Abbreviations
? Tour
? Supplier
? Tour Operator /Wholesaler
? Retailer/retail Agent
2012-3-22 114
Types of Tours
? Characteristics of inclusive tours
? categories of inclusive tours
? package tours
2012-3-22 115
How and Why Tours Are
Produced
? Introduction
? how tours are produced
? why tours are produced
2012-3-22 116
Items Included in a Tour
Brochure
? Index
? itineraries
? visual aids
? dates and prices
? inclusions and exclusions
? booking terms and conditions
2012-3-22 117
Booking Conditions Including
Liability&limitation of Liability
? Deposit and cancellation/amendment fees
? costs/prices
? conditions of carriage
? alternations to arrangements and unused
services
? documentation
? baggage allowance
? insurance and responsibility
2012-3-22 118
Travel Formalities
? The passport
? health certificates
? taxes,customs and currency
? travel insurance
? general preventive measures
? the travel information manual(TIM)
? consequences of negligence
2012-3-22 119
Customer Service and Sale
Skills
? Customer service
? selling skills
