1
Green Buildings绿色建筑
International Environmental Forum on Leapfrogging Development in China
中国跨越式发展国际环境论坛
Robert Watson,NRDC
美国自然资源保护委员会
Chairman LEED Steering Committee
LEED指导委员会主席
2
About NRDC
美国自然资源保护委员会
Founded in 1970
成立于 1970年
Law,Science,Policy and People in defense of
the Earth
通过法律、科学、政策和人的力量保护地球
4 Offices; 250 professionals
4个办事机构； 250名专业人员
>1,000,000 Members & e-Activists
全美 100万名会员
www.nrdc.org
3
Environmental Impact of Buildings
建筑对环境的影响
Land Consumption = Habitat & Species Loss
土地消耗 =栖息地 & 物种 减少
Energy Consumption = Air Pollution
能源消耗 = 空气污染
Water Consumption = Water Pollution
水消耗 = 水污染
Materials Consumption = Resource Loss
材料消耗 = 资源损失
Indoor Environmental Quality = Human Health
室内环境质量 = 人类健康
4
How We See Buildings
我们如何看待建筑
5
What We Don’t See
我们没有看到的
6
7
8
Energy Use & Atmospheric Emissions
能耗和大气污染物排放消耗全美
70%的电能使用全美 40-
45%以上的一次能源排放全美 40-
45%的温室气体
9
35-40% of the Municipal
Solid Waste Stream
占城市固体垃圾的 35-40%
10
消耗美国 80%的饮用水
11
700,000 hectares developed each year in China
中国每年开发 70万公顷土地
3,000,000 mu farmland are being replaced by
development each year
每年 300万亩农田被开发项目占用
12
What is ―Green‖ Design?
什么是“绿色”设计？
Design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and occupants
in five broad areas:
建筑设计和施工应在五个方面明显降低或消除建筑对环境和用户的负面影响：
Sustainable site planning
场址规划的可持续性
Safeguarding water and water efficiency
保护水和提高水的使用效率
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
节能和可再生能源的开发利用
Conservation of materials and resources
材料与资源节约
Indoor environmental quality
室内环境质量
13
Man-made Systems
Human and Manufactured Waste
Agricultural Resources
Transportation
Energy Systems
Resource extraction impact
Social Equity社会公平
Government
Social Justice
Historic Continuity (sacred places)
Community Quality and Responsibility
Material resources-human impact
Spiritual and Physical Health
Economic经济
Local Economy
Local materials and workforce
Global Economy
Government
Mandated Minimums
政府强制要求的最低水平
Greening Goals
绿色目标
Sustainability Targets
可持续发展目标
SUSTAINABLE CONDITION
可持续发展的条件
Environment环境
Natural Systems
Sun
Wind
Water Systems
Animal and Plant Habitat
D
B
C
A
Designing for Sustainability
可持续发展的设计
14
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
it
y
/
P
r
o
b
le
m
R
e
c
o
g
n
iz
e
d
N
e
e
d
s
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
S
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
r
n
e
w
s
it
e
/
b
u
il
d
in
g
T
e
s
t
d
e
s
ig
n
s
/
b
u
d
g
e
t
a
n
a
ly
s
is
.
S
it
e
s
e
le
c
t
e
d
(Z
on
in
g
an
d
F
in
an
c
in
g
Ap
pr
ov
al
pe
rio
d
f
or
Sp
ec
ul
at
iv
e
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t
s
)
D
e
s
ig
n
T
e
a
m
S
e
le
c
t
io
n
S
c
h
e
m
a
t
ic
a
n
d
D
e
s
ig
n
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
P
h
a
s
e
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
io
n
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
P
h
a
s
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
P
e
r
m
it
R
e
v
ie
w
P
e
r
io
d
B
id
d
in
g
/
N
e
g
o
t
ia
t
io
n
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
io
n
O
c
c
u
p
a
n
c
y
a
n
d
O
p
e
r
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
M
a
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
O p p o r tu n i te s fo r C o s t-e ffe c ti v e E c o l o g i c a l
D e s i g n So l u ti o n s
C o s ts r a i s e i f E c o l o g i c a l D e s i g n So l u ti o n s
a r e a d d r e s s e d l a te r i n th e D e s i g n Pr o c e s s
Adapted from ENSAR’s Graph
Ecological Design Opportunities
生态设计的机遇
15
Lost Opportunities
失掉的机遇
New construction is the best time to capture benefits of
green building and transform the market
新建筑是抓住绿色建筑效益和市场转型的最好时机。
If opportunity is missed initially,waste and damage
could go on for years
如果失掉最初的机会，浪费和破坏则将持续多年。
Marginal cost is lowest
此时的边际成本最低。
Opportunities for integration can result in additional
benefits and eliminate extra costs
抓住整合的机会可带来额外效益并消除额外 成本 。
16
Green Building Assessment Systems
绿色建筑评估体系
United States,LEEDTM （ 美国）
Britain,BREEAM（ 英国）
Japan,CASBEE（ 日本）
Canada,GBTool（ 加拿大）
France,ESCALE（ 法国）
Norway,Eco Profile（ 挪威）
Germany,LND（ 德国）
Australia,NABERS（ 澳大利亚）
China,―Evaluation System for Green Olympic Buildings‖
中国：绿色奥运建筑评估标准
17
Key attributes of successful construction standards:
成功的建筑标准的关键属性
1,Technically sound 技术合理
2,Green achievement 绿色
3,Feasibility可行
4,Market acceptability市场接受
5,Program support支持方案
18
History of Green Buildings
绿色建筑的历史
Modern green building movement started with
energy crises of the 1970s
现代绿色建筑运动始于 1970年代的能源危机
Began with energy efficiency standards and
codes
从节能标准和规范开始
Followed by indoor air quality,material issues,
site and water
随后出现室内空气质量 /材料 /场址和节水问题
First green buildings in U.S,~ 5,000 years old
美国最早的绿色建筑可追溯到 5,000年以前
19
Mesa Verde,America’s First Green Building
美洲最早的绿色建筑
20
U.S,Green Building Council
美国绿色建筑协会
Founded in 1993,the organization’s purpose is to,
成立于 1993年，该组织的目标是：
Integrate building industry sectors 整合建筑业
Lead market transformation 领导市场转型
Educate owners and practitioners 培训业主和从业人员
National nonprofit organization based in Washington,DC
设于华盛顿特区的非赢利性机构
Diverse membership of organizations
由多样性的机构会员组成
Developer and administrator of the LEEDTM Green Building
Rating System
《绿色建筑评估认证标准体系,LEEDTM开发管理
21
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing,and certifying the world’s
greenest buildings.
世界上最绿色的建筑设计、施工与认证的先导体系
22
Why Was LEEDTM Created?
为什么创建 LEEDTM?
Define ―green‖ by providing a standard for
measurement
提供一个衡量标准给,绿色,定义
Prevent ―greenwashing‖ (false or exaggerated
claims)
防止滥用,绿色,(错误的或夸张的 )
Use as a design guideline
作为设计指导
Promote whole-building,integrated design
processes
推动整座建筑的整合的设计过程
23
Where LEED Fits in the Market
LEED的市场份额
G r e e n B u i l d i n g M a r k e t s
0
0,0 2
0,0 4
0,0 6
0,0 8
0,1
0,1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
G r e e n S t a nd a r ds
P
r
op
ort
i
on
of
M
a
r
k
e
t
A
t
t
a
i
ni
ng
R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
Law
B r e a k e r s
T y p i c a l P r a c t i c e
T h e M a j o r i t y
7 5 %
L E E D e r s
25%
I n o v a t o r s
R i s k
T a k e r s
A c c r e d i t e d
G o l d
S i l v e r
P l a t i n u m
绿色建筑市场典型做法大多数
75%
违法者绿色标准绿色建筑
25%
创新者风险承担者
24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
M
i
l
l
i
on
S
F
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Y T D
P i l ots
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
26
162.5
87.5
45.5
10.11.1
Growth in LEED,~18 million SM; ~1,500 Projects
LEED的增长,~1,800平米； ~ 1,500个工程
147
25
Growth in USGBC Membership
美国绿色建筑协会员的增长
BEGAN IN
1993 WITH
23
MEMBERS
1993年
23家会员发起
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1999 2001 2003
26
LEEDTM Point Distribution
LEEDTM评分标准
Wa t e r
E f f i c i e n c y
8%
E n e r g y &
A t mo s p h e r e
27%
M a t e r i a l s &
R e s o u r c e s
20%
S u s t a i n a b l e
S i t e s
22%
I n d o o r
E n v i r o n me n t a l
Q u a l i t y
23%
室内空气质量 23%
可持续性选址
22%
材料与资源
20% 节水 8%
能源与大气
27%
27
Technical Overview of LEEDTM
LEEDTM的技术概要 (续 )
Whole-building approach encourages and guides a
collaborative,integrated design and construction process
整体的建筑理念鼓励并引导合作、整合的设计和施工过程
Optimizes environmental and economic factors
优化环境与经济因素
Four levels of certification 4个认证等级
LEED Certified (LEED认证级） 40-50 %
Silver Level (银级 ) 51-60%
Gold Level (金级 ) 61-80%
Platinum Level (白金级 ) >81%
28
Sustainable Sites
可持续性选址
Erosion & sediment control (PR)
侵蚀及沉积控制
Site selection
地址的选定
Urban redevelopment
城市再开发
Brownfield redevelopment
被污染土地的再开发
Alternative transportation
可替代交通
29
Sustainable Sites
可持续性选址
Reduced site disturbance
减少对场址的影响
Stormwater management
雨水管理
Landscape & exterior design to reduce heat islands
减少热岛效应的景观和外部设计
Light pollution reduction
减少光污染
30
Erosion & Sediment Control
侵蚀和沉积控制侵蚀和沉积控制隔栅临时沉积控制池
31
PNC Bank -- Pittsburgh,PA
PNC 银行 – 匹茨堡
Efficient Site Selection 高效的选址
32
Kandalama -- Dambulla,Sri Lanka
斯里兰卡的案例
253,000 gsf Hotel; reduced site disturbance
253,000 gsf 酒店 ;减少对场址的影响
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,Certified
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版认证 认证级
33
Infiltration Trenches
滤水渠
34
Constructed Wetlands
人工湿地废水入口非渗透层渗透层清洁水出口
35
Retention Ponds
蓄水池
36
Green Roofs
绿色屋顶
Gap Corporate Headquarters,San Bruno,CA
37
Energy & Atmosphere
能源与环境
Fundamental building commissioning (PR)
建筑的基本试运行
Meet ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 (PR)
符合 ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999
Eliminate CFCs (PR)
消除氟里昂
Exceed ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 by 20-60%
超过 ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 20-60%
38
Energy & Atmosphere
能源与环境
Use of alternative or renewable energy
使用可替代或可再生能源
Additional commissioning
其它试运行
Eliminate HCFCs and Halons
消除氢氯化烃 (HCFC)和哈龙 (Halon)
Measurement and verification
测量及检验
Green power contract
绿色电力合同
39
Efficient Lighting
高效照明
Source,Croxton Collaborative
40
,Super Windows‖―超级窗”
Source,Croxton Collaborative
41
Integrating Natural and Electric Light
整合自然光和灯光照明
42
Underfloor Air
地板下送风
43
Building Controls
楼宇自控
44
Photovoltaic Roof
屋顶光伏发电
45
Water Efficiency
用水效率
Water efficient landscaping
提高用水效率的景观设计
Innovative wastewater technologies
创新的废水技术
Water use reduction
减少用水量
46
Water Efficiency-Xeriscape
用水效率 -- 耐旱地形
47
Water Efficiency,Drip Irrigation
用水效率：滴灌
48
Waterless Urinals
无水小便器
No Smell!
无味 !!
49
Dual Flush Toilets双冲厕所
50
On-site Wastewater Treatment & Recycling
现场废水处理 &再用
51
Rainwater Capture
雨水收集
Chesapeake Bay Foundation
52
Materials and Resources
材料与资源
Storage & collection of recyclables (PR)
可回收物的储存与收集
Building reuse 建筑再利用
Construction waste management
建筑垃圾管理
Resource reuse 资源再利用
Use of materials with recycled content
使用含有再生成份的材料
Use of local/regional materials
使用本地材料
Rapidly renewable materials
可快速再生资源
Certified wood
认证的木材
53
Construction Waste Recycling
施工废弃物回收
54
Deconstruction拆房
55
Sustainable Materials & Resources
可持续的材料与资源
56
Rapidly Renewable Materials
可快速再生材料
Bamboo
竹材
Wheatboard
麦秸板
57
Certified Wood
认证的木材Clearcut
滥伐
Selective Harvesting择伐
58
Indoor Environmental Quality室内环境质量
满足 ASHRAE 62-1999 的要求 (PR)
Control environmental tobacco smoke (PR) 控制室内吸烟
CO2 monitoring 二氧化碳监测
Ventilation effectiveness (ASHRAE 129) 有效通风
Construction IAQ Management Plan
建筑 室内空气质量 管理规划
Low-emitting materials 低排放材料
Indoor chemical and pollutant source control
室内化学及污染源控制
Controllability of systems 系统的可控性
Thermal comfort 热舒适性
Daylight & views 日光及视觉
59
Sources of Indoor Pollution
室内污染源
60
Indoor Air Quality
室内环境质量
61
Ventilation Effectiveness
有效通风
62
Biological Contamination
生物污染
63
LEEDTM Certification Process
LEEDTM认证程序
A three step process,(三步过程 )
Step 1,Project Registration
(第一：工程注册 )
Welcome Packet and on-line project listing
(欢迎信息 &在线工程一览 )
Step 2,Technical Support (第二：技术支持 )
Credit Rulings (指标认定 )
Step 3,Building Certification (第三：建筑认证 )
Upon documentation submittal and USGBC
review (编制文件由美国绿色建筑协会评审 )
64
Certification Benefits
认证的益处
Third party validation of achievement
第三方成就认证
LEEDTM Certification plaque to mount on building
在建筑上嵌贴 LEED认证标识
Official Certificate 可官方认证
Receive marketing exposure through USGBC Web site,
case studies,media announcements
可通过美国绿色建筑协会网站、媒体、案例研究向市场公布
Independent Recognition of Quality Buildings and
Environmental Stewardship
高品质建筑与环境管理的认同
65
LEED? Resources
LEEDTM 资源
LEED? Green Building Rating System
LEED? 绿色建筑评估体系
Training Workshop 培训班
Reference Guide and Reference Package
参考导则和参考文件
Professional Accreditation 专业认定
Welcome Packet 欢迎信息
Credit Rulings指标认定
Website (www.leedbuilding.org) 网址
66
Non-Economic Benefits of Green Building
绿色建筑的非经济性效益
Environmental Benefits 环境效益
Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption
降低自然资源消耗带来的影响
Health and Safety Benefits 健康与安全效益
Enhance occupant comfort and health
提高居住舒适性与健康性
Community Benefits 社区效益
Minimize strain on local infrastructures and improve
quality of life
减轻对地方基础建设的压力,改善生活质量
67
Economic Benefits
经济效益
Competitive first costs 有竞争的初投资
Integrated design allows high benefit at low cost by
achieving synergies between disciplines and between
technologies
通过增强建筑各专业和技术的协调，整合的设计,可以较低的投入取得较高收益
Reduce operating costs 降低运行费用
In the U.S.,green buildings cost ~$.50–$.60 per square
foot to operate compared with $1–$2 for a standard
building
美国的常规建筑运行费用为 每平方英尺 $1–$2，绿色建筑的运行费 用 降至每平方英尺 $.50–$.60
68
建筑成本比较
130
21
1.8 1 1.5 3 1.3 7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
A
n
n
u
a
l
*
$
/
s
q
.
ft
Sa l a r i e s
工资
R e n t
租金
T o ta l
En e r g y
总能耗
El e c tr i c i ty
耗电
O & M
运行维护
* 1 9 9 1 S ou r c e,B O M A,E P R I,S t a t i s t i c a l A bs t r a c t i n R M I " G r e e ni ng t he B ui l di ng a nd t he B ot t om Li ne,
69
West Bend
Mutual Insurance
Company
(West Bend,WI)
西班德互助保险公司
100
70
116
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
P r o d u c t i v i t y i n
O l d B u i l d i n g
P r o d u c t i v i t y
D u r i n g M o v e
P r o d u c t i v i t y i n
N e w B u i l d i n g
70
Joseph B,Whitehead Research
Building -- Emory Univ.,Atlanta,GA
325,000 gsf Laboratory 图书馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
71
Evidence That Green Does Not Cost More
绿色建筑不增加费用的证据
100% CD’s Budget LEED Points
from Emory University
Emory大学的经验
72
Marion County Courthouse
Square -- Salem,OR
153,293 gsf Courthouse 法院
LEEDTM 1.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证
73
Eugene Public Library
-- Eugene,OR
127,531 gsf Library图书馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
74
Old National Bancorp
Headquarters -- Evansville,IN
291,000 gsf Commercial Office商用写字楼
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
75
Greenwood Elementary
60,840 gsf Educational教学楼
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
76
Motherhouse
300,000 gsf Religious/Residential教会 /住宅
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
77
Phipps Conservatory & Botanical
Gardens -- Pittsburgh,PA
45,000 gsf Museum博物馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
78
Aspen Sundeck Restaurant
23,015 gsf Restaurant餐厅
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,BRONZE
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证,铜级
79
Greater Pittsburgh Community
Food Bank -- Duquesne,PA
95,000 gsf Warehouse/Distribution仓储 /分销
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,SILVER
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证,银级
80
81
82
83
84
For more information
please visit
www.leedbuilding.org
网站
85
Green Buildings in China
中国的绿色建筑
86
Agenda 21 Project
8 stories 8 层
13,000 sq,meter/130,000 square foot government office
building
13,000平方米 /130,000平方英尺 政府办公楼
Will house ACCA21 and NSCTSD offices
中国 21世纪议程管理中心 和 中国科学技术促进发展研究中心 将在此办公
Second floor Technology Demonstration and Training
Center
二层将作为节能技术展示厅及培训中心
Chinese/American design collaboration
中美合作设计
87
Design Case Comparison
节能设计对比
Energy Use-Revised Base Case,
修改过的基准建筑能耗：
1126 MWh
548 KW Cooling Capacity 空调容量
Energy Use-Efficiency Case:
节能建筑能耗：
556 MWh/yr (51% savings) 节能 51%
344 KW Cooling Capacity (37% savings)
空调容量 （节能 37%）
H e a tE
Pe a k
H tL d C o o l E F a n E L i te E T o tE C l C a p
T o ta l
E n e r g y B l d g A r e a
k W h / m 2 W / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 W / m 2 k W h / m 2 m2
0,3 1 1 7,5 7 1 3,8 2 1 2,5 5 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,3 7 5 2,8 3 1 4 8,8 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 4 1 7,5 8 1 2,9 5 1 1,6 4 5 6,0 1 1 1 9,3 9 4 9,2 4 1 4 3,4 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 6 1 7,5 8 1 2,4 6 1 1,0 2 5 6,0 1 1 1 8,1 6 4 7,8 9 1 4 2,7 6 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 2 1 7,4 5 1 1,8 6 1 0,5 8 5 6,0 1 1 1 6,9 0 4 0,5 1 1 3 9,9 3 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,2 8 1 6,2 6 1 1,9 2 1 0,7 3 5 6,0 1 1 1 7,0 5 4 0,3 2 1 3 8,8 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 4 1 8,6 0 1 1,1 6 9,8 7 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,4 6 3 8,8 9 1 4 2,1 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 8 1 7,7 1 1 1,0 7 9,8 1 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,2 5 3 7,0 4 1 3 9,6 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 5 1 7,2 1 1 1,0 9 9,8 1 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,2 5 3 6,2 1 1 3 8,7 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 3 1 8,3 9 1 2,3 6 1 1,0 2 3 4,4 1 9 6,6 8 4 8,6 3 1 2 3,5 4 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 9 1 8,7 1 1 1,3 9 9,9 7 2 4,3 0 8 4,4 0 4 4,2 9 1 1 3,2 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 2 1 8,7 3 1 1,0 7 9,6 3 2 1,1 7 8 0,5 5 4 2,3 1 1 1 0,2 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 3 1 9,4 0 7,8 8 6,7 5 2 3,6 2 7 5,7 7 2 5,5 8 1 0 4,9 8 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,7 4 2 0,3 3 1 3,5 5 1 3,3 1 5 6,0 1 1 2 2,5 6 5 5,6 6 1 5 9,7 6 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 3 1 8,7 6 1 3,5 6 1 2,6 3 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,4 9 5 3,4 6 1 5 2,0 8 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 3 1 8,3 5 1 3,6 4 1 2,4 7 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,2 6 5 3,0 0 1 4 8,5 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 8 1 8,0 3 1 3,6 9 1 2,4 4 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,2 3 5 2,8 3 1 4 6,7 2 1 2 3 6 3,1
S p e c i f i c E n d - U s e E n e r g y B u i l d i n g G e o m e t r y
H e a tE
1%
C o o l E
9%
F a n E
8%
F a n E
10%
L i te E
44%
E q p E
30%
H e a tE
0%
C o o l E
11%
H tL d
5%
H e a tE
1%
C o o l E
9%
F a n E
8%
L i te E
27%
Eq p E
43%
H tL d
12%
5-sided Base Case Total Energy Use 1501 MWh/year
[基准建筑的 5种总能耗,1501 MWh/年 ]
5-sided Best Case Total Energy Use 939 MWh/year
[最佳建筑的 5种总能耗,939 MWh/年 ]
89
Energy Efficiency Performance
能效性能
0
20
40
60
80
100
Bas e
Bu i l d i n g
S tan d ar d
EF
Bu i l d i n g
T h i s
Bu i l d i n g
Annual Energy
Consumption
Building Cost Increase,8%
建筑造价增加,8%
Estimated return cycle,8 years (current energy price)
预期回收周期,8年 (以当前能源价格计 )
90
1
Standard Floor Layout
标准层布局
91
Final Efficiency Features
最终节能特征
High Efficiency Lighting (4-6.7 W/sqM)
高效照明（ 4-6.7 W/平方英尺）
Task/ambient design w/ controls
工作灯 /背景灯 设计与控制
Daylight integration w light shelves
反光板结合自然光
High Efficiency HVAC w/ ice storage system
包括冰蓄冷的高效暖通系统
2 x 100 ton Chillers w/50 tons ice storage
2个 100冷吨空调机组 +1个 50吨冰蓄冷
integrated HVAC/lighting controls
集成的暖通照明控制系统
92
Ice Storage System
冰蓄冷系统
93
Energy Efficiency Features
节能特征
Building Automation System
楼宇自控系统
Full energy management
全方位能耗管理
High Efficiency Windows
高性能窗
U-value < 0.3; Shading Coeff,< 0.5
U值 < 0.3; 遮阳系数 < 0.5
Insulated Shell --R-10 walls
围护结构保温隔热 —R值 10
94
Daylight Integration
自然光整合
Roof & Wall Insulation
屋面及墙体保温
95
Roof Garden—PV; Solar Thermal
屋顶花园 —光伏发电、太阳能热水
96
Green Building Features
绿色建筑特征
Efficient site location,位置效率,
infill development
成熟社区内开发
near mass transit
临近公共交通设施
lots of bicycle parking
充足的自行车泊位
reduced auto parking
减少汽车泊位
Roof Garden—屋顶花园
rainwater capture
雨水收集
urban heat island mitigation
降低城市热岛效应
Replant trees; 树木移栽
landscape with native vegetation
采用本地植物的景观布置
97
Green Building Features绿色建筑特征
Water efficiency
节水 —,美标,
waterless urinals 无水小便器
dual flush toilets 双冲厕所
No landscape irrigation 无灌溉景观
Green finish materials 绿色装修材料
Recycled content 再生成份地毯
Low VOCs 低挥发性有机物
Advanced air filtration- 先进的空气过滤
Dynamic Air Cleaners 动态空气过滤
LEED Certified level,
达到 LEED认证标准
Green Buildings绿色建筑
International Environmental Forum on Leapfrogging Development in China
中国跨越式发展国际环境论坛
Robert Watson,NRDC
美国自然资源保护委员会
Chairman LEED Steering Committee
LEED指导委员会主席
2
About NRDC
美国自然资源保护委员会
Founded in 1970
成立于 1970年
Law,Science,Policy and People in defense of
the Earth
通过法律、科学、政策和人的力量保护地球
4 Offices; 250 professionals
4个办事机构； 250名专业人员
>1,000,000 Members & e-Activists
全美 100万名会员
www.nrdc.org
3
Environmental Impact of Buildings
建筑对环境的影响
Land Consumption = Habitat & Species Loss
土地消耗 =栖息地 & 物种 减少
Energy Consumption = Air Pollution
能源消耗 = 空气污染
Water Consumption = Water Pollution
水消耗 = 水污染
Materials Consumption = Resource Loss
材料消耗 = 资源损失
Indoor Environmental Quality = Human Health
室内环境质量 = 人类健康
4
How We See Buildings
我们如何看待建筑
5
What We Don’t See
我们没有看到的
6
7
8
Energy Use & Atmospheric Emissions
能耗和大气污染物排放消耗全美
70%的电能使用全美 40-
45%以上的一次能源排放全美 40-
45%的温室气体
9
35-40% of the Municipal
Solid Waste Stream
占城市固体垃圾的 35-40%
10
消耗美国 80%的饮用水
11
700,000 hectares developed each year in China
中国每年开发 70万公顷土地
3,000,000 mu farmland are being replaced by
development each year
每年 300万亩农田被开发项目占用
12
What is ―Green‖ Design?
什么是“绿色”设计？
Design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and occupants
in five broad areas:
建筑设计和施工应在五个方面明显降低或消除建筑对环境和用户的负面影响：
Sustainable site planning
场址规划的可持续性
Safeguarding water and water efficiency
保护水和提高水的使用效率
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
节能和可再生能源的开发利用
Conservation of materials and resources
材料与资源节约
Indoor environmental quality
室内环境质量
13
Man-made Systems
Human and Manufactured Waste
Agricultural Resources
Transportation
Energy Systems
Resource extraction impact
Social Equity社会公平
Government
Social Justice
Historic Continuity (sacred places)
Community Quality and Responsibility
Material resources-human impact
Spiritual and Physical Health
Economic经济
Local Economy
Local materials and workforce
Global Economy
Government
Mandated Minimums
政府强制要求的最低水平
Greening Goals
绿色目标
Sustainability Targets
可持续发展目标
SUSTAINABLE CONDITION
可持续发展的条件
Environment环境
Natural Systems
Sun
Wind
Water Systems
Animal and Plant Habitat
D
B
C
A
Designing for Sustainability
可持续发展的设计
14
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
it
y
/
P
r
o
b
le
m
R
e
c
o
g
n
iz
e
d
N
e
e
d
s
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
S
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
r
n
e
w
s
it
e
/
b
u
il
d
in
g
T
e
s
t
d
e
s
ig
n
s
/
b
u
d
g
e
t
a
n
a
ly
s
is
.
S
it
e
s
e
le
c
t
e
d
(Z
on
in
g
an
d
F
in
an
c
in
g
Ap
pr
ov
al
pe
rio
d
f
or
Sp
ec
ul
at
iv
e
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t
s
)
D
e
s
ig
n
T
e
a
m
S
e
le
c
t
io
n
S
c
h
e
m
a
t
ic
a
n
d
D
e
s
ig
n
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
P
h
a
s
e
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
io
n
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
P
h
a
s
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
P
e
r
m
it
R
e
v
ie
w
P
e
r
io
d
B
id
d
in
g
/
N
e
g
o
t
ia
t
io
n
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
io
n
O
c
c
u
p
a
n
c
y
a
n
d
O
p
e
r
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
M
a
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
O p p o r tu n i te s fo r C o s t-e ffe c ti v e E c o l o g i c a l
D e s i g n So l u ti o n s
C o s ts r a i s e i f E c o l o g i c a l D e s i g n So l u ti o n s
a r e a d d r e s s e d l a te r i n th e D e s i g n Pr o c e s s
Adapted from ENSAR’s Graph
Ecological Design Opportunities
生态设计的机遇
15
Lost Opportunities
失掉的机遇
New construction is the best time to capture benefits of
green building and transform the market
新建筑是抓住绿色建筑效益和市场转型的最好时机。
If opportunity is missed initially,waste and damage
could go on for years
如果失掉最初的机会，浪费和破坏则将持续多年。
Marginal cost is lowest
此时的边际成本最低。
Opportunities for integration can result in additional
benefits and eliminate extra costs
抓住整合的机会可带来额外效益并消除额外 成本 。
16
Green Building Assessment Systems
绿色建筑评估体系
United States,LEEDTM （ 美国）
Britain,BREEAM（ 英国）
Japan,CASBEE（ 日本）
Canada,GBTool（ 加拿大）
France,ESCALE（ 法国）
Norway,Eco Profile（ 挪威）
Germany,LND（ 德国）
Australia,NABERS（ 澳大利亚）
China,―Evaluation System for Green Olympic Buildings‖
中国：绿色奥运建筑评估标准
17
Key attributes of successful construction standards:
成功的建筑标准的关键属性
1,Technically sound 技术合理
2,Green achievement 绿色
3,Feasibility可行
4,Market acceptability市场接受
5,Program support支持方案
18
History of Green Buildings
绿色建筑的历史
Modern green building movement started with
energy crises of the 1970s
现代绿色建筑运动始于 1970年代的能源危机
Began with energy efficiency standards and
codes
从节能标准和规范开始
Followed by indoor air quality,material issues,
site and water
随后出现室内空气质量 /材料 /场址和节水问题
First green buildings in U.S,~ 5,000 years old
美国最早的绿色建筑可追溯到 5,000年以前
19
Mesa Verde,America’s First Green Building
美洲最早的绿色建筑
20
U.S,Green Building Council
美国绿色建筑协会
Founded in 1993,the organization’s purpose is to,
成立于 1993年，该组织的目标是：
Integrate building industry sectors 整合建筑业
Lead market transformation 领导市场转型
Educate owners and practitioners 培训业主和从业人员
National nonprofit organization based in Washington,DC
设于华盛顿特区的非赢利性机构
Diverse membership of organizations
由多样性的机构会员组成
Developer and administrator of the LEEDTM Green Building
Rating System
《绿色建筑评估认证标准体系,LEEDTM开发管理
21
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing,and certifying the world’s
greenest buildings.
世界上最绿色的建筑设计、施工与认证的先导体系
22
Why Was LEEDTM Created?
为什么创建 LEEDTM?
Define ―green‖ by providing a standard for
measurement
提供一个衡量标准给,绿色,定义
Prevent ―greenwashing‖ (false or exaggerated
claims)
防止滥用,绿色,(错误的或夸张的 )
Use as a design guideline
作为设计指导
Promote whole-building,integrated design
processes
推动整座建筑的整合的设计过程
23
Where LEED Fits in the Market
LEED的市场份额
G r e e n B u i l d i n g M a r k e t s
0
0,0 2
0,0 4
0,0 6
0,0 8
0,1
0,1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
G r e e n S t a nd a r ds
P
r
op
ort
i
on
of
M
a
r
k
e
t
A
t
t
a
i
ni
ng
R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
Law
B r e a k e r s
T y p i c a l P r a c t i c e
T h e M a j o r i t y
7 5 %
L E E D e r s
25%
I n o v a t o r s
R i s k
T a k e r s
A c c r e d i t e d
G o l d
S i l v e r
P l a t i n u m
绿色建筑市场典型做法大多数
75%
违法者绿色标准绿色建筑
25%
创新者风险承担者
24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
M
i
l
l
i
on
S
F
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Y T D
P i l ots
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
26
162.5
87.5
45.5
10.11.1
Growth in LEED,~18 million SM; ~1,500 Projects
LEED的增长,~1,800平米； ~ 1,500个工程
147
25
Growth in USGBC Membership
美国绿色建筑协会员的增长
BEGAN IN
1993 WITH
23
MEMBERS
1993年
23家会员发起
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1999 2001 2003
26
LEEDTM Point Distribution
LEEDTM评分标准
Wa t e r
E f f i c i e n c y
8%
E n e r g y &
A t mo s p h e r e
27%
M a t e r i a l s &
R e s o u r c e s
20%
S u s t a i n a b l e
S i t e s
22%
I n d o o r
E n v i r o n me n t a l
Q u a l i t y
23%
室内空气质量 23%
可持续性选址
22%
材料与资源
20% 节水 8%
能源与大气
27%
27
Technical Overview of LEEDTM
LEEDTM的技术概要 (续 )
Whole-building approach encourages and guides a
collaborative,integrated design and construction process
整体的建筑理念鼓励并引导合作、整合的设计和施工过程
Optimizes environmental and economic factors
优化环境与经济因素
Four levels of certification 4个认证等级
LEED Certified (LEED认证级） 40-50 %
Silver Level (银级 ) 51-60%
Gold Level (金级 ) 61-80%
Platinum Level (白金级 ) >81%
28
Sustainable Sites
可持续性选址
Erosion & sediment control (PR)
侵蚀及沉积控制
Site selection
地址的选定
Urban redevelopment
城市再开发
Brownfield redevelopment
被污染土地的再开发
Alternative transportation
可替代交通
29
Sustainable Sites
可持续性选址
Reduced site disturbance
减少对场址的影响
Stormwater management
雨水管理
Landscape & exterior design to reduce heat islands
减少热岛效应的景观和外部设计
Light pollution reduction
减少光污染
30
Erosion & Sediment Control
侵蚀和沉积控制侵蚀和沉积控制隔栅临时沉积控制池
31
PNC Bank -- Pittsburgh,PA
PNC 银行 – 匹茨堡
Efficient Site Selection 高效的选址
32
Kandalama -- Dambulla,Sri Lanka
斯里兰卡的案例
253,000 gsf Hotel; reduced site disturbance
253,000 gsf 酒店 ;减少对场址的影响
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,Certified
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版认证 认证级
33
Infiltration Trenches
滤水渠
34
Constructed Wetlands
人工湿地废水入口非渗透层渗透层清洁水出口
35
Retention Ponds
蓄水池
36
Green Roofs
绿色屋顶
Gap Corporate Headquarters,San Bruno,CA
37
Energy & Atmosphere
能源与环境
Fundamental building commissioning (PR)
建筑的基本试运行
Meet ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 (PR)
符合 ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999
Eliminate CFCs (PR)
消除氟里昂
Exceed ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 by 20-60%
超过 ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1999 20-60%
38
Energy & Atmosphere
能源与环境
Use of alternative or renewable energy
使用可替代或可再生能源
Additional commissioning
其它试运行
Eliminate HCFCs and Halons
消除氢氯化烃 (HCFC)和哈龙 (Halon)
Measurement and verification
测量及检验
Green power contract
绿色电力合同
39
Efficient Lighting
高效照明
Source,Croxton Collaborative
40
,Super Windows‖―超级窗”
Source,Croxton Collaborative
41
Integrating Natural and Electric Light
整合自然光和灯光照明
42
Underfloor Air
地板下送风
43
Building Controls
楼宇自控
44
Photovoltaic Roof
屋顶光伏发电
45
Water Efficiency
用水效率
Water efficient landscaping
提高用水效率的景观设计
Innovative wastewater technologies
创新的废水技术
Water use reduction
减少用水量
46
Water Efficiency-Xeriscape
用水效率 -- 耐旱地形
47
Water Efficiency,Drip Irrigation
用水效率：滴灌
48
Waterless Urinals
无水小便器
No Smell!
无味 !!
49
Dual Flush Toilets双冲厕所
50
On-site Wastewater Treatment & Recycling
现场废水处理 &再用
51
Rainwater Capture
雨水收集
Chesapeake Bay Foundation
52
Materials and Resources
材料与资源
Storage & collection of recyclables (PR)
可回收物的储存与收集
Building reuse 建筑再利用
Construction waste management
建筑垃圾管理
Resource reuse 资源再利用
Use of materials with recycled content
使用含有再生成份的材料
Use of local/regional materials
使用本地材料
Rapidly renewable materials
可快速再生资源
Certified wood
认证的木材
53
Construction Waste Recycling
施工废弃物回收
54
Deconstruction拆房
55
Sustainable Materials & Resources
可持续的材料与资源
56
Rapidly Renewable Materials
可快速再生材料
Bamboo
竹材
Wheatboard
麦秸板
57
Certified Wood
认证的木材Clearcut
滥伐
Selective Harvesting择伐
58
Indoor Environmental Quality室内环境质量
满足 ASHRAE 62-1999 的要求 (PR)
Control environmental tobacco smoke (PR) 控制室内吸烟
CO2 monitoring 二氧化碳监测
Ventilation effectiveness (ASHRAE 129) 有效通风
Construction IAQ Management Plan
建筑 室内空气质量 管理规划
Low-emitting materials 低排放材料
Indoor chemical and pollutant source control
室内化学及污染源控制
Controllability of systems 系统的可控性
Thermal comfort 热舒适性
Daylight & views 日光及视觉
59
Sources of Indoor Pollution
室内污染源
60
Indoor Air Quality
室内环境质量
61
Ventilation Effectiveness
有效通风
62
Biological Contamination
生物污染
63
LEEDTM Certification Process
LEEDTM认证程序
A three step process,(三步过程 )
Step 1,Project Registration
(第一：工程注册 )
Welcome Packet and on-line project listing
(欢迎信息 &在线工程一览 )
Step 2,Technical Support (第二：技术支持 )
Credit Rulings (指标认定 )
Step 3,Building Certification (第三：建筑认证 )
Upon documentation submittal and USGBC
review (编制文件由美国绿色建筑协会评审 )
64
Certification Benefits
认证的益处
Third party validation of achievement
第三方成就认证
LEEDTM Certification plaque to mount on building
在建筑上嵌贴 LEED认证标识
Official Certificate 可官方认证
Receive marketing exposure through USGBC Web site,
case studies,media announcements
可通过美国绿色建筑协会网站、媒体、案例研究向市场公布
Independent Recognition of Quality Buildings and
Environmental Stewardship
高品质建筑与环境管理的认同
65
LEED? Resources
LEEDTM 资源
LEED? Green Building Rating System
LEED? 绿色建筑评估体系
Training Workshop 培训班
Reference Guide and Reference Package
参考导则和参考文件
Professional Accreditation 专业认定
Welcome Packet 欢迎信息
Credit Rulings指标认定
Website (www.leedbuilding.org) 网址
66
Non-Economic Benefits of Green Building
绿色建筑的非经济性效益
Environmental Benefits 环境效益
Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption
降低自然资源消耗带来的影响
Health and Safety Benefits 健康与安全效益
Enhance occupant comfort and health
提高居住舒适性与健康性
Community Benefits 社区效益
Minimize strain on local infrastructures and improve
quality of life
减轻对地方基础建设的压力,改善生活质量
67
Economic Benefits
经济效益
Competitive first costs 有竞争的初投资
Integrated design allows high benefit at low cost by
achieving synergies between disciplines and between
technologies
通过增强建筑各专业和技术的协调，整合的设计,可以较低的投入取得较高收益
Reduce operating costs 降低运行费用
In the U.S.,green buildings cost ~$.50–$.60 per square
foot to operate compared with $1–$2 for a standard
building
美国的常规建筑运行费用为 每平方英尺 $1–$2，绿色建筑的运行费 用 降至每平方英尺 $.50–$.60
68
建筑成本比较
130
21
1.8 1 1.5 3 1.3 7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
A
n
n
u
a
l
*
$
/
s
q
.
ft
Sa l a r i e s
工资
R e n t
租金
T o ta l
En e r g y
总能耗
El e c tr i c i ty
耗电
O & M
运行维护
* 1 9 9 1 S ou r c e,B O M A,E P R I,S t a t i s t i c a l A bs t r a c t i n R M I " G r e e ni ng t he B ui l di ng a nd t he B ot t om Li ne,
69
West Bend
Mutual Insurance
Company
(West Bend,WI)
西班德互助保险公司
100
70
116
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
P r o d u c t i v i t y i n
O l d B u i l d i n g
P r o d u c t i v i t y
D u r i n g M o v e
P r o d u c t i v i t y i n
N e w B u i l d i n g
70
Joseph B,Whitehead Research
Building -- Emory Univ.,Atlanta,GA
325,000 gsf Laboratory 图书馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
71
Evidence That Green Does Not Cost More
绿色建筑不增加费用的证据
100% CD’s Budget LEED Points
from Emory University
Emory大学的经验
72
Marion County Courthouse
Square -- Salem,OR
153,293 gsf Courthouse 法院
LEEDTM 1.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证
73
Eugene Public Library
-- Eugene,OR
127,531 gsf Library图书馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
74
Old National Bancorp
Headquarters -- Evansville,IN
291,000 gsf Commercial Office商用写字楼
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
75
Greenwood Elementary
60,840 gsf Educational教学楼
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
76
Motherhouse
300,000 gsf Religious/Residential教会 /住宅
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
77
Phipps Conservatory & Botanical
Gardens -- Pittsburgh,PA
45,000 gsf Museum博物馆
LEEDTM 2.0 Registered Project
通过 LEEDTM 2.0版本认证
78
Aspen Sundeck Restaurant
23,015 gsf Restaurant餐厅
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,BRONZE
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证,铜级
79
Greater Pittsburgh Community
Food Bank -- Duquesne,PA
95,000 gsf Warehouse/Distribution仓储 /分销
LEEDTM 1.0 Certification,SILVER
通过 LEEDTM 1.0版本认证,银级
80
81
82
83
84
For more information
please visit
www.leedbuilding.org
网站
85
Green Buildings in China
中国的绿色建筑
86
Agenda 21 Project
8 stories 8 层
13,000 sq,meter/130,000 square foot government office
building
13,000平方米 /130,000平方英尺 政府办公楼
Will house ACCA21 and NSCTSD offices
中国 21世纪议程管理中心 和 中国科学技术促进发展研究中心 将在此办公
Second floor Technology Demonstration and Training
Center
二层将作为节能技术展示厅及培训中心
Chinese/American design collaboration
中美合作设计
87
Design Case Comparison
节能设计对比
Energy Use-Revised Base Case,
修改过的基准建筑能耗：
1126 MWh
548 KW Cooling Capacity 空调容量
Energy Use-Efficiency Case:
节能建筑能耗：
556 MWh/yr (51% savings) 节能 51%
344 KW Cooling Capacity (37% savings)
空调容量 （节能 37%）
H e a tE
Pe a k
H tL d C o o l E F a n E L i te E T o tE C l C a p
T o ta l
E n e r g y B l d g A r e a
k W h / m 2 W / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 k W h / m 2 W / m 2 k W h / m 2 m2
0,3 1 1 7,5 7 1 3,8 2 1 2,5 5 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,3 7 5 2,8 3 1 4 8,8 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 4 1 7,5 8 1 2,9 5 1 1,6 4 5 6,0 1 1 1 9,3 9 4 9,2 4 1 4 3,4 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 6 1 7,5 8 1 2,4 6 1 1,0 2 5 6,0 1 1 1 8,1 6 4 7,8 9 1 4 2,7 6 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 2 1 7,4 5 1 1,8 6 1 0,5 8 5 6,0 1 1 1 6,9 0 4 0,5 1 1 3 9,9 3 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,2 8 1 6,2 6 1 1,9 2 1 0,7 3 5 6,0 1 1 1 7,0 5 4 0,3 2 1 3 8,8 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 4 1 8,6 0 1 1,1 6 9,8 7 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,4 6 3 8,8 9 1 4 2,1 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 8 1 7,7 1 1 1,0 7 9,8 1 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,2 5 3 7,0 4 1 3 9,6 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 5 1 7,2 1 1 1,0 9 9,8 1 5 6,0 1 1 1 5,2 5 3 6,2 1 1 3 8,7 7 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 3 1 8,3 9 1 2,3 6 1 1,0 2 3 4,4 1 9 6,6 8 4 8,6 3 1 2 3,5 4 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 9 1 8,7 1 1 1,3 9 9,9 7 2 4,3 0 8 4,4 0 4 4,2 9 1 1 3,2 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 2 1 8,7 3 1 1,0 7 9,6 3 2 1,1 7 8 0,5 5 4 2,3 1 1 1 0,2 9 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 3 1 9,4 0 7,8 8 6,7 5 2 3,6 2 7 5,7 7 2 5,5 8 1 0 4,9 8 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,7 4 2 0,3 3 1 3,5 5 1 3,3 1 5 6,0 1 1 2 2,5 6 5 5,6 6 1 5 9,7 6 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,5 3 1 8,7 6 1 3,5 6 1 2,6 3 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,4 9 5 3,4 6 1 5 2,0 8 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,4 3 1 8,3 5 1 3,6 4 1 2,4 7 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,2 6 5 3,0 0 1 4 8,5 5 1 2 3 6 3,1
0,3 8 1 8,0 3 1 3,6 9 1 2,4 4 5 6,0 1 1 2 1,2 3 5 2,8 3 1 4 6,7 2 1 2 3 6 3,1
S p e c i f i c E n d - U s e E n e r g y B u i l d i n g G e o m e t r y
H e a tE
1%
C o o l E
9%
F a n E
8%
F a n E
10%
L i te E
44%
E q p E
30%
H e a tE
0%
C o o l E
11%
H tL d
5%
H e a tE
1%
C o o l E
9%
F a n E
8%
L i te E
27%
Eq p E
43%
H tL d
12%
5-sided Base Case Total Energy Use 1501 MWh/year
[基准建筑的 5种总能耗,1501 MWh/年 ]
5-sided Best Case Total Energy Use 939 MWh/year
[最佳建筑的 5种总能耗,939 MWh/年 ]
89
Energy Efficiency Performance
能效性能
0
20
40
60
80
100
Bas e
Bu i l d i n g
S tan d ar d
EF
Bu i l d i n g
T h i s
Bu i l d i n g
Annual Energy
Consumption
Building Cost Increase,8%
建筑造价增加,8%
Estimated return cycle,8 years (current energy price)
预期回收周期,8年 (以当前能源价格计 )
90
1
Standard Floor Layout
标准层布局
91
Final Efficiency Features
最终节能特征
High Efficiency Lighting (4-6.7 W/sqM)
高效照明（ 4-6.7 W/平方英尺）
Task/ambient design w/ controls
工作灯 /背景灯 设计与控制
Daylight integration w light shelves
反光板结合自然光
High Efficiency HVAC w/ ice storage system
包括冰蓄冷的高效暖通系统
2 x 100 ton Chillers w/50 tons ice storage
2个 100冷吨空调机组 +1个 50吨冰蓄冷
integrated HVAC/lighting controls
集成的暖通照明控制系统
92
Ice Storage System
冰蓄冷系统
93
Energy Efficiency Features
节能特征
Building Automation System
楼宇自控系统
Full energy management
全方位能耗管理
High Efficiency Windows
高性能窗
U-value < 0.3; Shading Coeff,< 0.5
U值 < 0.3; 遮阳系数 < 0.5
Insulated Shell --R-10 walls
围护结构保温隔热 —R值 10
94
Daylight Integration
自然光整合
Roof & Wall Insulation
屋面及墙体保温
95
Roof Garden—PV; Solar Thermal
屋顶花园 —光伏发电、太阳能热水
96
Green Building Features
绿色建筑特征
Efficient site location,位置效率,
infill development
成熟社区内开发
near mass transit
临近公共交通设施
lots of bicycle parking
充足的自行车泊位
reduced auto parking
减少汽车泊位
Roof Garden—屋顶花园
rainwater capture
雨水收集
urban heat island mitigation
降低城市热岛效应
Replant trees; 树木移栽
landscape with native vegetation
采用本地植物的景观布置
97
Green Building Features绿色建筑特征
Water efficiency
节水 —,美标,
waterless urinals 无水小便器
dual flush toilets 双冲厕所
No landscape irrigation 无灌溉景观
Green finish materials 绿色装修材料
Recycled content 再生成份地毯
Low VOCs 低挥发性有机物
Advanced air filtration- 先进的空气过滤
Dynamic Air Cleaners 动态空气过滤
LEED Certified level,
达到 LEED认证标准
