?
科技英语
模拟试题
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（一）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
1,The current reaches the maximum value when w = w 0,similar to the situation in a series resonant circuit,
2,With the switch on position 1,the output impedance will be maximum,
3,The greater the nuclear mass,the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus,
4,XVI is used to express the number of 16,To express a number a thousand times larger,the Romans put a line above that number,
5,In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted undistorted,
6,A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor,
7,Expressed in a formula,the relationship between voltage,current,and resistance can be written as V = IR,
8,This account for the observation that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature,
9,While there has been an enormous amount of literature about ATM over the past two years,many networking books have not focused on ATM itself,
10,The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share a single satellite transponder,
11,In 1895,a German physicist discovered what are known as X rays,
12,The material of which this conductor is made is copper,
13,It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased,
14,Only when we exert on an object an upward force sufficient in magnitude can we lift it,
15,In every atom in its normal state,the number of protons equals the number of electrons,something that is directly related to the electrical properties of the proton and the electron,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
A computer is a machine and,like all machines,must be directed and controlled to perform a task,Until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory,the computer "knows" absolutely nothing,not even how to accept data,No matter how good a computer may be,it must be "told" what to do,The utility of a computer cannot be fully realized,therefore,until the capabilities (and the limitations) of the computer are recognized,
1,Repetitive operation,a computer can perform similar operations thousands of times,without becoming bored,tired,or careless,
2,Speed,a computer processes information at extremely rapid rates,For example,modern computers can solve certain classes of problems millions of times faster than a skilled mathematician,3,Flexibility,general-purpose computers may be programmed to solve many types of problems,
4,Accuracy,computers may be programmed to calculate answers with a desired level of accuracy as specified by the programmer,
5,Intuition,a computer has no intuition,A man may suddenly find the answers to a problem without working out the details,but a computer can only proceed as ordered,
In examining any computer system,there are three levels at which it is useful to consider the candidate machine,the architectural level,the organizational level and the implementation level,The architecture of a computer is often defined as the set of resources seen by the programmer,At the organizational level,one views of the computer system beneath the visible architectural level,At the implementation level,we view the computer system as a collection of wires,cables,semiconductor chips and discrete components,
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（二）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
The varieties of nonferrous( 有色金属 ) metal are nearly four times what they were,
2,Faraday was unable to calculate the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves,a task which required the mathematical precision of Maxwell,which Faraday entirely lacked,
3,The wave theory can give no reason why there should be a threshold frequency below which no photoelectrons are observed,no matter how strong the light beam,something that follows naturally form the quantum theory,
4,The first step in a nuclear reaction between two colliding nuclear particles is their joining together to form a compound nucleus,
5,A further complication is the tendency of the pilot's blood to leave his head because of inertia,leaving him impaired vision and perhaps unconscious,
6,Discussion of this material is deferred until the final chapter because only then is the feedback,circuit,and application background necessary to fully appreciate the subtleties of compensating modem operational amplifiers available,
7,Of wider application is the fact that matter usually expands when its temperature is increased and contracts when its temperature is decreased,
8,The greater the nuclear mass,the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus,
9,The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night,
10,It is the existence of and the ability to control precisely these two independent charge-transport mechanisms that make possible all junction semiconductor devices,
11,A new technology introduced in the 1960s,laser can pierce the hardest substance such as diamond,
12,This is so sensitive an ammeter that it can measure the slight change in current,
Light,durable,simple and inexpensive,such devices are warmly received by users,
The question now arises whether this series converges,
Feedback plays an important role in almost all electronic circuits,Its study is introduced here to provide a view of the amplifier as a gain element,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
Modern civilization would be impossible without the use of large quantities of energy,In the last forty years,energy usage in the United States has increased more than 400% while the accompanying population increase has been only 72%,Thus the per capita use of energy in the United States has increased at a very fast rate,
Until recently,the world's energy demands were met almost entirely through the use of fossil fuels,wood,coal,petroleum,and natural gas,Since these are limited in quantity,however,other sources must be found,Nuclear and solar energy are two alternate sources,and neither of them is limited,It has been calculated,for instance,that the energy demands of the whole world could be met by utilizing the solar energy falling on a 12 5-mile square plot of ground near the equator,At the present time,however,nuclear and solar energy make up only a small fraction of the total energy used,As our knowledge and means of converting these ample energy supplies into usable forms increase,we shall be better able to keep pace with rising energy needs,However,it will take more than just the efforts' of science to solve the energy problem,Fuel conservation by all segments of the population must accompany new scientific advances,
Briefly stated,science is the search for relationships that explain and predict the behavior of the universe,Technology is the application of these relationships to our needs and goals,Finding new energy sources falls into the realm of science,Developing and utilizing these discoveries are matters of technology,
The complementary work of scientists and technologists is also referred to,respectively,as research and development,Both government and private industry allocate large sums of money to support the research and development activities of scientists and engineers,Without such support,there would be little improvement in the processes,products,and services that are derived from these activities,
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（三）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
1,It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations presented here,or the development and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend,
2,The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the size of the plates and their distance apart,
3,Large or small,all circuits will contain the same kinds of components,
4,A baseball that lands in an open soon comes to rest because of its interaction with the ground,
5,The effect of temperature on the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account,
6,These layers are not,stretched” as a rubber sheet would be,
7,Full use must be made of the computers available,
8,Gravity is the tendency of all objects to attract,and be attracted by,each other,
9,Having studied this chapter,the reader will understand the principles of a radio receiver,
10,Each planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit,with the sun at one focus of the ellipse,
11,The line of action is a line of infinite length,of which the force vector is a segment,
12,As pointed out in the last chapter,the emf of a battery is generated by the chemical reaction within it,
13,It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased,
14,We call insulators these substances which prevent the passage of electricity,
15,What lies behind this meeting is an increasing awareness around the world of the urgency of reducing global warming,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
A computer,like any other machine,is used because it does certain tasks better and more efficiently than humans,Specifically,it can receive more information and process it faster than a human,Often,this speed means that weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work can be replaced by a method requiring only minutes of computer time,Therefore,computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost,Further,because of its capacity to handle large volumes of data in a very short time,a computer may be the only means of resolving problems when time is limited,Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity,computers are being used extensively in business,industry,and research,Most computer applications can be classified as either business (or data base related ) uses,which usually rely upon the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information,or scientific uses,which require accuracy and speed in performing mathematical calculations,Both of these are performed on general-purpose computers,We shall now describe a few examples of computer applications,
Design problems The computer is a very useful calculating tool for the design engineer,The wing design of a supersonic aircraft,for example,depends upon many factors,The designer describes each of these factors in the form of mathematical equations specified in a programming language,The computer can then be used to solve these equations for arbitrary input data,
Scientific and laboratory experiments In scientific and laboratory experiments,computers are used to evaluate,store and process information from numerous types of electronic sensing devices,Computers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry,where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost,Such applications require rapid and accurate processing for both fixed conditions and dynamic situations,
参考答案
模拟试题一
Part I
1? 当 w = w 0 时，电流达到最大值，这和串连谐振电路的情况相似。
2? 当电键位于位置 1 时，输出阻抗为最大值。
3? 原子核质量越大，转移到原子核的中子的能量就越少。
4? XVI 被用来表示 16 这一数字。为表示 16 的一千倍，罗马人在这个数字上划一条横线。
5? 在这种情况下信号的波形在传输时没有失真。
6? 电容器是一个由被一个非导体分开的两个导体组成的元件。
7? 如果用公式表示的话，电压，电流和电阻之间的关系可以写为,V = IR 。
8? 这就解释了为什么我们观察到金属的电阻率随温度而升高。
9? 虽然在过去的两年出现了大量关于异步传输模式的文献，但很多联网书籍并没有把重点放在异步传输模式本身上。
10? TDMA 和 SCPC 相比的优点在于更多的地面站可以共享一个卫星应答器。
11? 在 1895 年，一个德国物理学家发现了我们所谓的 X 光。
12? 该导体是由铜制成的。
13? 正是当物体受热时分子的平均速度才会提高。
14? 只有当我们向物体施加一个足够大的向上的力时我们才能提起它。
15? 正常状态下的原子的质子数等于电子数，这一点和质子以及电子的电属性是直接相关的。
Part II
1? must be directed and controlled to perform a task,必须加以管理和控制来执行任务。
2? until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory,在程序被准备并存储在计算机的存储器之前
3? No matter how good a computer may be,不管一个计算机有多好
4? The utility of a computer cannot be fully realized,therefore,until the capabilities (and the limitations) of the computer are recognized,因此，直到我们意识到计算机的能力和局限性我们才能充分认识到其用途。
5? without becoming bored,tired,or careless,而不会变得厌倦，劳累或粗心
6? computers may be programmed to calculate answers with a desired level of accuracy as specified by the programmer,程序员可以对计算机进行编程，以让它精确地进行计算。
7? but a computer can only proceed as ordered,但计算机只能按照命令进行
8? In examining any computer system,在检测计算机系统时
9? is often defined as,经常被定义为
10? At the organizational level,one views of the computer system beneath the visible architectural level,在组织层，我们看到的是可见的构造层以下的计算机系统。
模拟试题二
Part I
有色金属的种类几乎是以前的 4 倍。
法拉第没能计算出电磁波的传播速度，因为这需要麦克斯维尔精确的数学头脑，而法拉第完全不具备这一点。
波动理论不能解释为什么必须有一个门限频率，在此频率之下不管光束多强都观察不到光电子，而这一点很自然可以由量子理论得出。
两个相互碰撞的核粒子之间的核反应的第一步是它们结合在一起形成符合核子。
另外一个并发症是因为惯性的原因飞行员的血有离开他的头部的趋势，这会损坏他的视力，而且可能导致他昏迷。
这一材料推迟到最后一张再做讨论，因为只有到那时我们才学习了反馈，电路和应用背景，而这些对充分了解补偿调制操作放大器是很有必要的。
物质热胀冷缩这一点应用更广泛。
核质量越大，转移到核子的中子能就越小。
地球自传是引起日夜交替的原因。
正是由于这两个独立电荷传输机制的存在以及能够对它们进行精确控制才使得所有的结型半导体元件成为可能。
激光是二十世纪六十年代所引入的一项新技术，它能够穿透象金刚石这样最坚硬的物质。
该电流表是如此灵敏以至于它能测量出电流的极小的变化。
这些仪器重量轻，经久耐用，价格低廉，因此很受用户欢迎。
现在出现了这一问题：该级数是否收敛。
反馈在几乎所有的电子线路中都起着特别重要的作用。在此对它进行研究，以便人们能把放大器看作增益元件。
Part II
without the use of large quantities of energy,如果不是因为我们利用了大量能量
increased more than 400%,增加到原来的 4 倍多
while,而
the per capita use of energy,人均使用能量
Until recently,the world's energy demands were met almost entirely through the use of fossil fuels,wood,coal,petroleum,and natural gas,不久之前还几乎全靠木头，煤炭，石油，天然气等化石燃料来满足全人类对能量的需求。
Nuclear and solar energy are two alternate sources,and neither of them is limited,核能以及太阳能是另外两种能源，它们都是取之不尽的。
make up,弥补
However,it will take more than just the efforts' of science to solve the energy problem,然而，仅靠科学是不足以解决能源问题的。
Briefly stated,简而言之
The complementary work of scientists and technologists is also referred to,respectively,as research and development,科学工作者和技术工作者所从事的互补工作也被分别成为研究和开发。
模拟试题三
Part I
读者应该学会并理解这儿所介绍的基本概念和运算，否则将很难理解后面的内容及其应用。
电容器的容量取决于其两极的大小及其它们之间的距离。
所有电路无论大小都是有相同的基本元件组成的。
棒球如果落在开阔地面上很快就会停下来，因为它和地面之间有摩擦力。
温度对半导体的影响必须考虑在内。
这些层并不象橡皮那样可以伸展。
必须充分利用现有的计算机。
重力是所有物体相互吸引的趋势。
学完本章之后，读者将会理解无线电接收机的原则。
所有行星都围绕太阳以椭圆形的轨迹旋转，太阳是椭圆的一个焦点。
作用线是一条无限长的线，力的矢量是其一部分。
如上一章所指出的，电池的电动势是由其内部的化学反应产生的。
分子的平均速度是在物体受热之后才增加的。
我们把阻碍电的流动的物质成为绝缘体。
之所以开这次会是因为全世界的人们都越来越意识到了降低全球变暖的迫切性。
Part II
weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work,用笔和纸处理工作所需的几个星期甚至几个月的时间
Therefore,computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost,因此，当使用计算机节省的时间和计算机的成本相当时，我们就使用计算机。
Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity,因为计算机有速度快，容量大的优点
being used extensively,被广泛应用
rely on,取决于
the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information,计算机储存以及检索大量信息的能力
The wing design of a supersonic aircraft,超音速飞机的机翼设计
in the form of,以 … 的形式
such systems as telemetry,象遥测这样的系统
signals must be quickly recorded or be lost,信号必须被快速记录，否则就会丢失
科技英语
模拟试题
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（一）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
1,The current reaches the maximum value when w = w 0,similar to the situation in a series resonant circuit,
2,With the switch on position 1,the output impedance will be maximum,
3,The greater the nuclear mass,the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus,
4,XVI is used to express the number of 16,To express a number a thousand times larger,the Romans put a line above that number,
5,In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted undistorted,
6,A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor,
7,Expressed in a formula,the relationship between voltage,current,and resistance can be written as V = IR,
8,This account for the observation that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature,
9,While there has been an enormous amount of literature about ATM over the past two years,many networking books have not focused on ATM itself,
10,The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share a single satellite transponder,
11,In 1895,a German physicist discovered what are known as X rays,
12,The material of which this conductor is made is copper,
13,It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased,
14,Only when we exert on an object an upward force sufficient in magnitude can we lift it,
15,In every atom in its normal state,the number of protons equals the number of electrons,something that is directly related to the electrical properties of the proton and the electron,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
A computer is a machine and,like all machines,must be directed and controlled to perform a task,Until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory,the computer "knows" absolutely nothing,not even how to accept data,No matter how good a computer may be,it must be "told" what to do,The utility of a computer cannot be fully realized,therefore,until the capabilities (and the limitations) of the computer are recognized,
1,Repetitive operation,a computer can perform similar operations thousands of times,without becoming bored,tired,or careless,
2,Speed,a computer processes information at extremely rapid rates,For example,modern computers can solve certain classes of problems millions of times faster than a skilled mathematician,3,Flexibility,general-purpose computers may be programmed to solve many types of problems,
4,Accuracy,computers may be programmed to calculate answers with a desired level of accuracy as specified by the programmer,
5,Intuition,a computer has no intuition,A man may suddenly find the answers to a problem without working out the details,but a computer can only proceed as ordered,
In examining any computer system,there are three levels at which it is useful to consider the candidate machine,the architectural level,the organizational level and the implementation level,The architecture of a computer is often defined as the set of resources seen by the programmer,At the organizational level,one views of the computer system beneath the visible architectural level,At the implementation level,we view the computer system as a collection of wires,cables,semiconductor chips and discrete components,
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（二）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
The varieties of nonferrous( 有色金属 ) metal are nearly four times what they were,
2,Faraday was unable to calculate the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves,a task which required the mathematical precision of Maxwell,which Faraday entirely lacked,
3,The wave theory can give no reason why there should be a threshold frequency below which no photoelectrons are observed,no matter how strong the light beam,something that follows naturally form the quantum theory,
4,The first step in a nuclear reaction between two colliding nuclear particles is their joining together to form a compound nucleus,
5,A further complication is the tendency of the pilot's blood to leave his head because of inertia,leaving him impaired vision and perhaps unconscious,
6,Discussion of this material is deferred until the final chapter because only then is the feedback,circuit,and application background necessary to fully appreciate the subtleties of compensating modem operational amplifiers available,
7,Of wider application is the fact that matter usually expands when its temperature is increased and contracts when its temperature is decreased,
8,The greater the nuclear mass,the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus,
9,The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night,
10,It is the existence of and the ability to control precisely these two independent charge-transport mechanisms that make possible all junction semiconductor devices,
11,A new technology introduced in the 1960s,laser can pierce the hardest substance such as diamond,
12,This is so sensitive an ammeter that it can measure the slight change in current,
Light,durable,simple and inexpensive,such devices are warmly received by users,
The question now arises whether this series converges,
Feedback plays an important role in almost all electronic circuits,Its study is introduced here to provide a view of the amplifier as a gain element,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
Modern civilization would be impossible without the use of large quantities of energy,In the last forty years,energy usage in the United States has increased more than 400% while the accompanying population increase has been only 72%,Thus the per capita use of energy in the United States has increased at a very fast rate,
Until recently,the world's energy demands were met almost entirely through the use of fossil fuels,wood,coal,petroleum,and natural gas,Since these are limited in quantity,however,other sources must be found,Nuclear and solar energy are two alternate sources,and neither of them is limited,It has been calculated,for instance,that the energy demands of the whole world could be met by utilizing the solar energy falling on a 12 5-mile square plot of ground near the equator,At the present time,however,nuclear and solar energy make up only a small fraction of the total energy used,As our knowledge and means of converting these ample energy supplies into usable forms increase,we shall be better able to keep pace with rising energy needs,However,it will take more than just the efforts' of science to solve the energy problem,Fuel conservation by all segments of the population must accompany new scientific advances,
Briefly stated,science is the search for relationships that explain and predict the behavior of the universe,Technology is the application of these relationships to our needs and goals,Finding new energy sources falls into the realm of science,Developing and utilizing these discoveries are matters of technology,
The complementary work of scientists and technologists is also referred to,respectively,as research and development,Both government and private industry allocate large sums of money to support the research and development activities of scientists and engineers,Without such support,there would be little improvement in the processes,products,and services that are derived from these activities,
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院
模拟试题（三）
《科技英语》期末考试试题
（考试形式 120 分钟）
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
题分
得分
I,Put the following sentences into Chinese,(4 points for each)
1,It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations presented here,or the development and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend,
2,The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the size of the plates and their distance apart,
3,Large or small,all circuits will contain the same kinds of components,
4,A baseball that lands in an open soon comes to rest because of its interaction with the ground,
5,The effect of temperature on the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account,
6,These layers are not,stretched” as a rubber sheet would be,
7,Full use must be made of the computers available,
8,Gravity is the tendency of all objects to attract,and be attracted by,each other,
9,Having studied this chapter,the reader will understand the principles of a radio receiver,
10,Each planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit,with the sun at one focus of the ellipse,
11,The line of action is a line of infinite length,of which the force vector is a segment,
12,As pointed out in the last chapter,the emf of a battery is generated by the chemical reaction within it,
13,It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased,
14,We call insulators these substances which prevent the passage of electricity,
15,What lies behind this meeting is an increasing awareness around the world of the urgency of reducing global warming,
II,Translate the following into Chinese,(40 points in all)
A computer,like any other machine,is used because it does certain tasks better and more efficiently than humans,Specifically,it can receive more information and process it faster than a human,Often,this speed means that weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work can be replaced by a method requiring only minutes of computer time,Therefore,computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost,Further,because of its capacity to handle large volumes of data in a very short time,a computer may be the only means of resolving problems when time is limited,Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity,computers are being used extensively in business,industry,and research,Most computer applications can be classified as either business (or data base related ) uses,which usually rely upon the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information,or scientific uses,which require accuracy and speed in performing mathematical calculations,Both of these are performed on general-purpose computers,We shall now describe a few examples of computer applications,
Design problems The computer is a very useful calculating tool for the design engineer,The wing design of a supersonic aircraft,for example,depends upon many factors,The designer describes each of these factors in the form of mathematical equations specified in a programming language,The computer can then be used to solve these equations for arbitrary input data,
Scientific and laboratory experiments In scientific and laboratory experiments,computers are used to evaluate,store and process information from numerous types of electronic sensing devices,Computers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry,where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost,Such applications require rapid and accurate processing for both fixed conditions and dynamic situations,
参考答案
模拟试题一
Part I
1? 当 w = w 0 时，电流达到最大值，这和串连谐振电路的情况相似。
2? 当电键位于位置 1 时，输出阻抗为最大值。
3? 原子核质量越大，转移到原子核的中子的能量就越少。
4? XVI 被用来表示 16 这一数字。为表示 16 的一千倍，罗马人在这个数字上划一条横线。
5? 在这种情况下信号的波形在传输时没有失真。
6? 电容器是一个由被一个非导体分开的两个导体组成的元件。
7? 如果用公式表示的话，电压，电流和电阻之间的关系可以写为,V = IR 。
8? 这就解释了为什么我们观察到金属的电阻率随温度而升高。
9? 虽然在过去的两年出现了大量关于异步传输模式的文献，但很多联网书籍并没有把重点放在异步传输模式本身上。
10? TDMA 和 SCPC 相比的优点在于更多的地面站可以共享一个卫星应答器。
11? 在 1895 年，一个德国物理学家发现了我们所谓的 X 光。
12? 该导体是由铜制成的。
13? 正是当物体受热时分子的平均速度才会提高。
14? 只有当我们向物体施加一个足够大的向上的力时我们才能提起它。
15? 正常状态下的原子的质子数等于电子数，这一点和质子以及电子的电属性是直接相关的。
Part II
1? must be directed and controlled to perform a task,必须加以管理和控制来执行任务。
2? until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory,在程序被准备并存储在计算机的存储器之前
3? No matter how good a computer may be,不管一个计算机有多好
4? The utility of a computer cannot be fully realized,therefore,until the capabilities (and the limitations) of the computer are recognized,因此，直到我们意识到计算机的能力和局限性我们才能充分认识到其用途。
5? without becoming bored,tired,or careless,而不会变得厌倦，劳累或粗心
6? computers may be programmed to calculate answers with a desired level of accuracy as specified by the programmer,程序员可以对计算机进行编程，以让它精确地进行计算。
7? but a computer can only proceed as ordered,但计算机只能按照命令进行
8? In examining any computer system,在检测计算机系统时
9? is often defined as,经常被定义为
10? At the organizational level,one views of the computer system beneath the visible architectural level,在组织层，我们看到的是可见的构造层以下的计算机系统。
模拟试题二
Part I
有色金属的种类几乎是以前的 4 倍。
法拉第没能计算出电磁波的传播速度，因为这需要麦克斯维尔精确的数学头脑，而法拉第完全不具备这一点。
波动理论不能解释为什么必须有一个门限频率，在此频率之下不管光束多强都观察不到光电子，而这一点很自然可以由量子理论得出。
两个相互碰撞的核粒子之间的核反应的第一步是它们结合在一起形成符合核子。
另外一个并发症是因为惯性的原因飞行员的血有离开他的头部的趋势，这会损坏他的视力，而且可能导致他昏迷。
这一材料推迟到最后一张再做讨论，因为只有到那时我们才学习了反馈，电路和应用背景，而这些对充分了解补偿调制操作放大器是很有必要的。
物质热胀冷缩这一点应用更广泛。
核质量越大，转移到核子的中子能就越小。
地球自传是引起日夜交替的原因。
正是由于这两个独立电荷传输机制的存在以及能够对它们进行精确控制才使得所有的结型半导体元件成为可能。
激光是二十世纪六十年代所引入的一项新技术，它能够穿透象金刚石这样最坚硬的物质。
该电流表是如此灵敏以至于它能测量出电流的极小的变化。
这些仪器重量轻，经久耐用，价格低廉，因此很受用户欢迎。
现在出现了这一问题：该级数是否收敛。
反馈在几乎所有的电子线路中都起着特别重要的作用。在此对它进行研究，以便人们能把放大器看作增益元件。
Part II
without the use of large quantities of energy,如果不是因为我们利用了大量能量
increased more than 400%,增加到原来的 4 倍多
while,而
the per capita use of energy,人均使用能量
Until recently,the world's energy demands were met almost entirely through the use of fossil fuels,wood,coal,petroleum,and natural gas,不久之前还几乎全靠木头，煤炭，石油，天然气等化石燃料来满足全人类对能量的需求。
Nuclear and solar energy are two alternate sources,and neither of them is limited,核能以及太阳能是另外两种能源，它们都是取之不尽的。
make up,弥补
However,it will take more than just the efforts' of science to solve the energy problem,然而，仅靠科学是不足以解决能源问题的。
Briefly stated,简而言之
The complementary work of scientists and technologists is also referred to,respectively,as research and development,科学工作者和技术工作者所从事的互补工作也被分别成为研究和开发。
模拟试题三
Part I
读者应该学会并理解这儿所介绍的基本概念和运算，否则将很难理解后面的内容及其应用。
电容器的容量取决于其两极的大小及其它们之间的距离。
所有电路无论大小都是有相同的基本元件组成的。
棒球如果落在开阔地面上很快就会停下来，因为它和地面之间有摩擦力。
温度对半导体的影响必须考虑在内。
这些层并不象橡皮那样可以伸展。
必须充分利用现有的计算机。
重力是所有物体相互吸引的趋势。
学完本章之后，读者将会理解无线电接收机的原则。
所有行星都围绕太阳以椭圆形的轨迹旋转，太阳是椭圆的一个焦点。
作用线是一条无限长的线，力的矢量是其一部分。
如上一章所指出的，电池的电动势是由其内部的化学反应产生的。
分子的平均速度是在物体受热之后才增加的。
我们把阻碍电的流动的物质成为绝缘体。
之所以开这次会是因为全世界的人们都越来越意识到了降低全球变暖的迫切性。
Part II
weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work,用笔和纸处理工作所需的几个星期甚至几个月的时间
Therefore,computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost,因此，当使用计算机节省的时间和计算机的成本相当时，我们就使用计算机。
Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity,因为计算机有速度快，容量大的优点
being used extensively,被广泛应用
rely on,取决于
the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information,计算机储存以及检索大量信息的能力
The wing design of a supersonic aircraft,超音速飞机的机翼设计
in the form of,以 … 的形式
such systems as telemetry,象遥测这样的系统
signals must be quickly recorded or be lost,信号必须被快速记录，否则就会丢失
