蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
List 1 abandon-----align
abacus [] n,算盘(frame with balls for calculating)
(类)abacus·calculated=balance·weighted 算盘·计算=天平·称量(工具及其作用)
abacus·calculate=sextant·navigate算盘·计算=六分仪·航海(工具及其作用)
abandon [] vt,放弃(to give up without intent to return)n,放任,放纵
(类)abandon·inhibition=voluble·terseness 放纵·压抑=罗嗦的·简洁(反义)
abandon·inhibition=conscious·numbness 放任·压抑=有意识的·麻木(反义)
abandon·inhibition=tranquility·agitation 放纵·压抑=冷静·激动(反义)
abandon·inhibition=despair·hope 放纵·压抑=绝望·希望(反义)
(反)salvage ◆ abandon 救助 ◆ 放弃(to withdraw one's support or help from)
(例)He abandoned himself to despair,他自暴自弃。
abase [] v,贬低降低地位、威望或尊严(to lower in rank,prestige,or esteem)
(类)abase·prestige=damp·ardor 降低·声望=抑制·热情 (动作及其相关对象)
abase·status=shorten·length 降低·地位=缩短·长度 (动作及其相关对象)
curtail·duration=abase·strength 缩减·持续时间=降低·力量 (动作及其相关对象)
(记)a+base(降低)→贬低 (同)bemean,degrade,demean,humiliate
(例)A man who betrays a friend abases himself,叛友者实为自贬身份。
abash [] vt,使不安,使愧疚(to destroy the self-possession沉着 or self-confidence of)
(类)unabashed·embarrassment=unheralded·announcement
不知羞耻的·局促不安=未预告的·宣告(反义)
【注:unabashed:not abashed 意思是不知羞耻的。同undisguised,unapologetic,brazen,
shameless,barefaced,blatant,brassy,brazenfaced,impudent,overbold,unblushing】
(反)embolden ◆ abash/ faze 使大胆 ◆ 使不安/ 使狼狈
(同)confound,confuse,discomfit,disconcert,faze
(记)bash联想:bath洗澡→在别人面前洗澡是令人害羞的
abate [] v,减轻,减低(to reduce in degree or intensity)
(类)abate·tax=alleviate·distress 减轻·税=减轻·压力(动作与其相关对象)
abate·force=fade·loudness 减轻·力量=减弱·声音(动作与其相关对象)
abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽(动作与其相关对象)
abate·degree=discount·price 减轻·程度=减价·价格(动作与其相关对象)
(反)intensify 强化 promote促进 augment 增加 increase in intensity 剧烈增长
(例)the storm abated slowly 暴风雨逐渐减弱。
(同)lull,moderate,relent,slacken,subside,wane
(记)ab(否定)+ ate(吃)联想:不吃是为了减轻体重。
abbreviate [] v,缩写,缩短,(to make briefer)
(类)abridge·word=abbreviate·letter
删减·词语=简化·文字(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=synopsis·narrative
句子缩写·句子=叙述摘要·叙述(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=abridgment·essay
句子缩写·句子=文章删节·文章(动作及其相关对象)
(反)extend 扩增 protract 延长 (同)abridge,curtail,cut,retrench,slash
(例)to abbreviate the December to Dec 把December 简写为 Dec
abdicate [] v,让位,放弃(to relinquish formally)
(类)abdicate·throne=recant·belief让位·王位=放弃信仰·信仰(动作及其相关对象)
(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 让位 ◆ 任命
abdicate ◆ assume 放弃 ◆ 采纳
abdicate ◆ usurp 让位 ◆ 篡位
(记)ab+dic(说话,命令)+ate 联想:不再命令→退位
(同)discard,shed,slough,renounce,resign
abdomen [] n,腹,下腹(stomach and bowels)
aberrant [] adj,异常的,非常规的(deviating from the usual or natural type)
(类)aberrant·standard=digressive·topic 异常的·标准=离题的·主题
(反)aberrant ◆ normal 异常的 ◆ 正常的
(记)ab+err(=error错误)+ant→走向错误→越轨的
(同)anomalous,atypical,deviant
(例)a rocket on an aberrant course 逸出轨道的火箭
abet [] v,帮助、支持、怂恿(to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose)
(类)abet·assistance=counsel·guidance 协助·帮助=顾问·指导(同义)
abet·encouragement=elucidate·clarity 协助·鼓励=阐明·清晰(行为及其结果)
(反)stymie;frustrate;obstruct;thwart;impede;forestall(阻挠)
(记)联想:因为一个赌,所以要帮助
(例)abetted the thief in robbing the bank,怂恿盗贼抢劫银行
abeyance [] n,中止,暂停,搁置(temporary inactivity)
(反)abeyance ◆ continuance 暂停 ◆ 继续
abeyance ◆ fulfillment 中止 ◆ 施行
(同)doldrums,latency,quiescence,suspension
(记)abey=obey 遵守。联想:遵守停火(暂停)协议。
(例)The law go into abeyance,这项法律停止生效。
abhor [] vt,憎恶,痛恨(to regard with extreme repugnance)
(类)abhorrence·dislike=adoration·fondness 厌恶·不喜欢=崇拜·爱(程度)
(反)abhor ◆ greatly admire 痛恨 ◆ 非常崇拜
(记)ab+hor(恨,怕) 参考:horrible 可怕的
(同)detest,execrate,loathe,contemn,disdain
abiding [] adj,永久的,持久的(to remain stable or fixed in a state)
(反)evanescent;ephemeral(短暂的)
(同)enduring,firm,steadfast,steady
(记)来自abide容忍 联想:能忍的人能够持久地做一件事
(例)an abiding love of music,对音乐持久的爱好an abiding friendship 永恒的友谊
abject [] adj,卑微的;精神不振的(cast down in spirit)
(反)exultant(得意洋洋的) spirited(生气勃勃地) exciting(兴奋的)
(记)ab+ject(抛扔)→抛掉的→可怜的,精神不振的 参考:reject拒绝,丢弃;project投射
(例)He was made abject by suffering他被痛苦折磨得无精打采。
abjure [] v,发誓放弃(renounce upon oath)
(反)affirm 肯定 espouse支持 embrace支持(干扰:insist)
(记)ab+jure(发誓)→发誓不要 参考:jury 陪审团perjury 伪证adjure恳请 conjure 恳求
(例)He abjured the errors of his former faith他发誓放弃以前信念的错误。
ablution n,洗澡;洗礼(a washing of the body,especially as part of a religious rite)
(记)词根:lut(洗)参考:dilute 稀释;另类记忆:参看pollution 联想:被污染所以要洗干净。
abnegation [] v,放弃,自我牺牲(renunciation;self-sacrifice)
(反)abnegate ◆ reaffirm 放弃 ◆ 重新肯定
(记)neg(反对,否认)→放弃; 参考:negative(消极的)renege(背信,否认)
abolition [] n,废除,废除奴隶制
(类)anarchist·government=abolitionist·slavery
无政府主义者反政府=废奴主义者反奴隶制
(反)abolition ◆ persist in slavery 废除奴隶制 ◆ 坚持奴隶制
(记)参考:abolish(废除) abolish ◆ establish 废除 ◆ 建立
abominate [] v,憎恶(to hate or loathe intensely)
(反)abominate ◆ esteem 憎恶 ◆ 尊敬
(同)abhor,detest,execrate,loathe
(记)ab+omin(=词根:omen 预兆)→不好的兆头→憎恶;参考:ominous:预兆的,恶兆的另类记忆:bomb(炸弹)联想:人们都很憎恶炸弹。
aboriginal [l ] adj.土著的,原来的n.土著居民
(记)ori(=起源,升起)参考:origin起源oriental东方的
abortive [] adj,早产的,流产的,失败的(failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless)
(例)We had to abandon our abortive attempts,我们不得不放弃我们失败的尝试。
(记)Abort,Retry,Fail?异常中断,重试,失败?计算机上经常出现的提示
abound [] vi,多,大量存在,富于,充满(to be great in number or amount)
aboveboard adj,无欺诈的(free from all traces of deceit)adv,光明磊落地(forthright,straight)
(反)surreptitious ◆ barefaced/ aboveboard 暗中的 ◆ 公然的/ 无欺诈的
chicanery ◆ aboveboard action 欺诈 ◆ 光明磊落
abrade [] v,磨损(to rub or wear away especially by friction:erode)
(类)abraded·friction=vaporized·heat 磨损由于摩擦=蒸发由于加热
(反)abrade ◆ augment 磨损 ◆ 增加
(同)corrade,erode,gall,graze,rub,ruffle,wear
abreast [ ] adv 并排地,齐头并进的,比肩的(up to a particular standard or level)
(例)keeps abreast of the latest trends 与最新的潮流齐头并进。
(记)a+breast 胸
abridge [] v,删减,缩短,压缩(to reduce the length of a written text;condense)
(反)condensed ◆ unabridged 浓缩的 ◆ 未压缩的
(反)amplify(扩大) extend in length;protract(延长)
(记)参考:abbreviate缩写;brief简报
(例)The rights of citizens must not be abridged,公民权利不能擅予削减。
abrogate [] v,废除(法令等);取消(to abolish by authoritative action)
(反)embrace支持 uphold支持 institute创立
(记)ab(否定)+rog(问)+ate→不再值得过问→干脆取消;参考:interrogate(审问)
(例)This custom was abrogated years ago,这一惯例多年前业已废除。
abrupt [] adj,突然的,陡峭的,生硬的(unexpectedly sudden)
(记)rupt折断 参考:rupture 破裂,裂开bankrupt破产corrupt v,腐败,堕落
abscission [] v,切断
(反)abscission ◆ process of grafting 切断 ◆ 嫁接
abscond [] v,潜逃(to depart secretly and hide oneself)
(类)abscond·leave=(steal/ pilfer)·take 潜逃·离开=偷·拿(偷偷与正常)
abscond·depart=secrete·store=lurk·wait 潜逃·离开=隐藏·储藏=埋伏·等待
scheme·plot =follow·shadow=leave·abscond 策划·阴谋=跟随·尾随=离开·潜逃
(记)abs(离开)+cond(隐藏) 参考:recondite(深奥的)condiment (调味品)
absentminded adj.心不在焉的,茫然的
absolute [] v,绝对的,无限制的(complete;totally unlimited;certain)
(类)inevitable·chance=absolute·variability不可避免不会偶然=绝对不会改变(反面特征)
(反)absolute ◆ qualified 绝对的 ◆ 有限制的
absolve [] v,赦免;使无罪(to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=motivational·stir=hortative·encourage
辩解的·赦免=激发的·煽动=劝告的·鼓励(目的)
(反)inculpate 治罪 indict起诉
(记)ab+solve(解决) 联想:问题解决→无罪赦免 参考:solvent(可溶解的)
(同)exempt,discharge,dispense,excuse,relieve
(例)They agree to absolve us from our obligation,他们同意免除我们的责任。
absorb [ ] vt,吸收,吸引;对光线吸收(不反射)
(反)exude流出;dissipate驱散 reflect反射
abstain [] v,主动戒绝,自我抑制 (to refrain from something by one's own choice)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的·服从=禁止的·戒除(前者要求后者)
(记)ab(否定)+ stain(污点) 联想:不要污点→主动戒绝坏毛病
(例)abstain from traditional political rhetoric,避开不用传统的政治修辞
abstemious [] adj,有节制的(restraint especially in the consumption of food)
(类)reticent·talk=abstemious·gorge 沉默寡言的很少谈论=节制的不贪吃
(类)abstemious·indulge=austere·decorate有节制的不放纵=简朴的不修饰(反面特征)
参考:timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity 陈旧·新颖=复杂·简单(反义)
【干扰:austere·decorate】(注意反面特征关系与反义关系的不同)
(反)abstemious ◆ indulgent 节制的 ◆ 放纵的
abstract [] vt,1,摘要,提炼,抽象化 2,心不在焉
(反)abstract ◆ elaborate 提炼 ◆ 使复杂
abstraction ◆ attention 心不在焉 ◆ 关注
(记)abs+tract(往外拉)联想:摘出 参考:tractor 拖拉机 retract 撤回,收回
abstruse [] adj,深奥的(difficult to comprehend;recondite)
(类)abstruse·comprehension=indiscernible·vision 深奥的·理解=看不见的·显现(难以)
(反)accessible(可了解的)patent(明显的)
(记)abs(不)+trus(进入,推)→不能进入→深奥的 参考:protrusion伸出 intrusion侵扰
truss (支架:起到支撑,推一把的作用)
(例)Your statement is a bit too abstruse,你的话很难理解。
absurb [ ] adj.荒谬的,荒唐可笑的(insane,loony;preposterous)
(反)rational 理性的sensible有判断力的
abundant [] adj,丰富的,盛产,富于
(反)infrequent,rare,uncommon; inadequate,scanty,scarce
abuse [] v,辱骂,毁谤(to attack in words;revile)滥用,虐待
(类)declamation·grandiloquence=diatribe·abuse 雄辩·夸夸其谈=恶骂·辱骂(同义)
【注】grandiloquence:a pompous style in language;declaim:to speak pompously
(类)polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 好争论的·好争辩的=漫骂的·辱骂的(同义)
diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 恶骂·辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑·嘲笑(同义)
(例)verbal abuse,污言秽语 to abuse a privilege 滥用特权 to abuse a horse虐待一匹马
(记)ab(表否定)+ use(用)不怎么好好用→滥用
abut [ ] v,邻接,毗邻(lie adjacent)
(类)contiguous·abut=simultaneous·coincide毗邻的·毗邻=同时发生的·同时发生(形动同义)
(记)观察:a和b在字母表中毗邻;u和t 在字母表中也毗邻→邻接,毗邻
abysmal [] adj,深不可测的,无底的(immeasurably low or wretched)
(类)stygian·dark=abysmal·low 极黑的·黑=极深的·低的(程度)
(记)来自:abyss(深渊)a+byss(谐音:必死)联想:一个人跳入深渊必死。
acarpous [] adj.不结果实的(effete,no longer fertile,worn out)
(记)carpo-前缀,表示果实 参考:carpodermis果皮
accede [] v,同意(concede)加入(条约)(to become a party to an treaty)
(反)demur (反对)
(记)cede(放弃,割让)→放弃自己的意见→同意;参考:concede让步 recede后退
academic [ ] adj,学院的,学术的,理论的
(记)参考:academician 学会委员,院士,大学生
accelerate [] v,加速,促进(to move faster:gain speed)
(类)accelerate·speed=prolong·duration 加速·速度=延长·持续时间(动作及其相关对象)
expedite·process=accelerate·pace 促进·过程=加速·步调(动作及其相关对象)
(反)accelerate ◆ retard 促进 ◆ 阻碍
(记)celer (速度)→加速 参考:celerity(敏捷,速度)
accentuate [] v,重读,强调(to stress or emphasize; intensify)
(记)ac(加强)+cent(=cant唱,说)+uate→重读;参考:accent 重音
access [] n,通路(passage),入口 vt,接近
accessible [] adj,易接近的;可理解的(easy to approach;obtainable)
(类)cache·hidden=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处是隐藏的=顶点是难以达到的(正面特征)
(反)abstruse ◆ accessible/ patent 深奥的 ◆ 容易理解的/ 明显的
(记)来自access (通路,入门)cess(走)参考:success,process
accessory [] adj.附属的(additional object;useful but not essential thing)
(反)accessory ◆ of primarily importance 附属的 ◆ 主要的
(记)刚入门(access)一般都要当下属。参考:process 过程
(例)accessory of a bicycle 自行车的附件
accidental [] adj,意外的,偶然的(occurring unexpectedly or by chance)
(类)inventiveness·accidental=effect·casual
创造发明·意外的=必然结果·偶然的(反面特征)
【注】effect:something that inevitably follows an antecedent 必然结果
(反)safeguard·accident=hedge·loss 安全装置·事故=篱笆·丢失(防止关系)
intentional·accidental=arrogant·humble 故意的·意外的=傲慢的·谦逊的(反义)
(记)cid(落下)→意外的 联想:苹果落下是意外的,但牛顿从中发现必然的规律。
参考:incident(事件,事变) deciduous(每年落叶的)
acclaim [ ] n/v,称赞,欢呼(to praise enthusiastically and often publicly)
(同)commend,applaud,compliment,hail,kudize,praise,recommend
(派)acclaimed adj,受欢迎的
acclimate [] vt,使适应气候环境(to adapt to a new climate,environment)
(反)acclimate ◆ make unfamiliar with 使适应 ◆ 使不熟悉
(记)ac+climate(气候) 联想:适应气候、环境
acclivity [] n,向上的斜坡(an upward slope,as of a hill)
accolade [] n,推崇备至,赞扬(an expression of praise)
(反)accolade ◆ cutting remark / speak ill/ derogate 称赞 ◆ 苛评/ 挑毛病/ 贬损
accolade ◆ criticism/ excoriate /disapprobation 赞扬 ◆ 批评/ 严厉的责难/ 不赞成
accolade ◆ reprobate/ reproof /denigration 极力赞扬 ◆ 斥责/ 谴责/ 毁誉
accolade ◆ swearword / denunciation / castigation 极力赞扬 ◆ 咒骂/ 谴责/ 斥责
(记)cola 联想可乐,可乐产品在全球得到赞誉
(例)The play received accolades from the press,这部戏受到报纸的称赞。
accommodate [] v,提供方便(to provide with something desired as a helpful service)
(类)obliterate·remove=accommodate·supply 删除·除去=提供方便·供给(同义)
(记)参考:commodity n.日用品,商品(用来提供生活上的方便)
accomodating adj,能够通融的,乐于助人的
accompany [] vt,陪伴,伴奏
accomplice [] n.同谋,帮凶(one associated with another especially in wrongdoing)
accomplish [] vt,完成,实现(to succeed in doing; bring to pass)
(记)参考:accomplished 娴熟的;有造诣的:毫无疑问的;不容置疑的
accord [] vt.使符合,使一致(to cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony)n.一致
(记)参考:in accord with 和…一致
accost [] vt,问候,致意(greet,hail,salute)大胆靠近(to approach boldly or in a challenging
or sometimes a defensive manner)
(类)accost·approach =importune·request 大胆靠近·接近=不断要求强求·要求
(前者是后者的特殊方式)干扰:(bequest·give)(glorify·praise)
(例)We were accosted by a beggar who demanded money,
我们大着胆子靠近一个要钱的乞丐。
accountability n,有责任,有义务
(记)来自account 帐目,说明
accrete [] v,逐渐增长(to make larger or greater,as by increased growth)
(类)accrete·growth=erode·destruction=inch·advance
渐增是逐渐增长=腐蚀是逐渐破坏=缓慢移动是逐渐前进强调逐渐的过程(干扰:endure·tolerance同义)
(反)accrete ◆ wear away 渐增 ◆ 销蚀
accretion ◆ reduction in substance caused by erosion 渐增 ◆ 因腐蚀减少
accrue [ ] vi.自然增加,产生
accumulate [] vi,积聚,堆积(to gather or pile up especially little by little;amass)
(反)dissipate ◆ accumulate 消散,浪费 ◆ 积累
accurate [] adj,正确的,精确的
accuse [ ] v,谴责,指责(to charge with a shortcoming or an erro)
acerbic [] adj,酸的,涩的(acid in temper,mood,or tone)
(反)acerbic ◆ sweet 酸的 ◆ 甜的
acerbity ◆ saccharin 酸 ◆ 糖精
(记)a+cer(谐音:涩)或者从形近词acid(酸的,刻薄的)角度进行记忆
acidulous [ ] adj,微酸的,尖酸刻薄的(slightly sour in taste or in manner)
(记)acid酸 参考:acidity 酸度,酸性
achromatic [] adj,非彩色的,无色的(possessing no hue)
(类)achromatic·hue=extraneous·essence=transitory·permanence
无色的·色调=无关的·本质=短暂的·永久
(记)a(表示无)+chroma(色彩)→无色的
acknowledge [] vt.承认(to admit the existence,reality,or truth of)
acme n.顶点,极点(the highest point or stage)
(类)acme·mountain=crest·wave 山顶·山=浪尖·海浪 (事物及其顶点)
acme·surpass=impossible·execute 顶点无法超越=不可能的无法执行
(同)apex,apogee climax,peak,pinnacle,summit zenith
acolyte [] n.侍僧,助手
(记)谐音“爱客来的” 联想:爱客人来的助手
accorn [] n.橡树果,橡子
acoustic [] adj.有关声音的,声学的
acquaint [] vt,使熟知,通知(to make familiar,cause to know firsthand)
(记)参考:acquaintance认识,熟人
acquiesce [] v,勉强同意;默许(to accept tacitly or passively)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend 不妥协的·默许=恭敬的·冒犯(反面特征)
(反)resist 抵制 defy 抗拒
(记)ac+quiesce(=quiet安静) 联想:保持沉默→默许
(同)assent,accede,agree,consent
(例)We acquiesced in their plan,我们只得默认他们的计划。
acquisition [] n,获得(the act of acquiring)
(反)divestiture ◆ acquisition 剥夺 ◆ 获得
【注:divest,v,to deprive or dispossess especially of property,authority,or title】
(记)来自acquire 获得,得到。参考:acquired 后天努力得到的acquisitive渴望获得的,贪婪的
acre [] n,英亩
(类)ream·paper=acre·land 纸的单位·纸=亩·土地
acquit [ ] vt,宣告无罪(to free or clear from a charge or accusation)
acrid [] adj,辛辣的,刺鼻的(sharp and harsh in taste or odor)
(类)acrid·odor=grating/ piercing·sound 刺激的·味道=刺耳的·声音(形修饰名)
acrid·gentleness=forthright·guile 辛辣的·温和的=直率的·狡诈(反面特征)
(反)acrid ◆ gentle 辛辣的 ◆ 温和的
acrimonious [] adj,刻薄的(caustic especially in feeling,language,or manner)
(反)acrimonious ◆ harmonious 刻薄的 ◆ 和谐融洽的
(记)acri(尖,酸)→刻薄的
(例)His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience,
说话刻薄的习惯使他疏远了听众。
acrobat [] n.杂技演员,随机应变者
(记)acro高+ bat走 →高空行走(如阿迪江)→杂技演员参考:acrophobia恐高症acronym首字母缩写词
actuate [ ] vt,促使
(记)act行为+uate→使有作为→促使 参考:activate 刺激,使活泼
acuity [] n,锐利,视力或观察力敏锐;敏捷(acuteness of vision or perception; keenness)
acumen [] n.敏锐,聪明(keenness and depth of perception)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
(反)acumen ◆ unable to discerning 敏锐 ◆ 不能辨别的
(记)acu(尖)+men →敏锐 参考:acupuncture 针灸
(例)His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.
他在商业上的敏锐帮他在其他人失败的地方获得成功。
acute adj,敏锐的,锐角的;(医)急性的(having a sudden onset 发作,sharp rise,and short course)
(类)perspicacity·acute=caprice·whimsical 敏锐·敏锐的=反复无常·多变的(名形同义)
(反)acute ◆ mild 急性的 ◆ 温和的
(例)acute disease,急性病
adage [] n,谚语(a saying often in metaphorical form that embodies a common observation)
(同)saying,word,proverb,saw 谚语,byword 格言,谚语,笑柄
(记)ad+age(时代)联想:谚语在不同时代都禁得起检验。易混淆:badge徽章
adamant [] adj,坚硬的;固执的,不动摇的(unshakable especially in opposite)
(类)adamant·flexibility=refractory·control 坚固不柔软=难以操作的不可控制
impossible·execute=adamant·move 不可能的不可操作=顽固的不改变路线
(反)vacillatory 动摇 incline to yield 容易妥协的
(记)a+dam大坝+ant 一个大坝上的蚂蚁;如果不够固执和坚强,千里之堤,如何毁于蚁穴呢?
(例)He was adamant in his determination to punish the corrupt officials,
他下了决心,坚决惩治那些贪官污吏。
adapt [] vt,修改,使适应(to bring into correspondence or make suitable)
(反)adapt 修改 ◆ remain unchanged 保持不变的
(例)a species that has adapted well to winter climes,很适应冬天气候的物种
(记)ad+apt(灵巧的,适当的;本身就是一个词啊)
addendum [] n,附录,补遗(a supplement to a book)
(类)addendum·document=postscript·letter 附录附属于文件=附言附属于信件
(记)由add 而来,参考另外一词:append 附加,添加
addict [] v,沉溺,上瘾(to devote(oneself)to something habitually)
(类)disabuse·error=rehabilitate·addiction
打消错误念头·错误=回到从前状态·上瘾(动作与其相关对象)
inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency 习惯的容易忍受=上瘾的容易依赖
(记)ad+dict(要求)→不断要求→上瘾 参考:dictator独裁者
addition [] n,加;增加物
(例)Our baby brother is an addition to our family,新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
(记)in addition (also;as well as也;另外,加之)
in addition to(over and above; besides 加于…之上;除…之外又)
additive:adj,附加的n.添加剂
address [ ] v,致词(to deliver a formal speech to)对付,处理,着手解决(to deal with)
(例)He addressed himself to the problem,他忙于处理问题。
adhere [] v,依附,粘着(to hold fast or stick by gluing or grasping)
(反)adhere ◆ detach 依附 ◆ 分离
adherent ◆ forerunner 追随者 ◆ 先行者
adjacent [] adj.邻近的,接近的,毗邻的(close to;lying near)
adjourn [] vi,延期,休会(to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place)
(类)convoke ◆ adjourn 召集,召开会议 ◆ 休会,中止
(记)ad+journ(=journey旅行)→ 因为旅行停止开会。参考:journal 刊物 journalism新闻学
(例)The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday,会议暂停,下星期三继续举行。
adjudicate [ ] v,判决,宣判,裁决
(记)来自judge法官 参考:judicious明智的;prejudice偏见,成见

adjunct [] n,附属物,附件(something added to another thing but not essentially a part of it)
(类)adjunct ◆ essential element 附属部分 ◆ 基本部分
(记)ad(增加)+junct(结合,连接) 联想:加上连接→附属物 参考:conjunct 结合的,共同的
adjure [] vt,恳请,(以起誓或诅咒等形式)命令
(记)参考:perjury 伪证 abjure发誓放弃 conjure 恳求
adjust [ ] vt.调整,使适合
adjutant [] n,副官,助手
ad-lib [] adj,即兴的(spoken,composed,or performed without preparation)
(类)ad-lib·impromptu=side·divergent 即兴的·即兴的=偏向一侧的·偏离的(同义)
administration [ ] n,管理,行政部门
admission [] n,许可入场,录取(the act or process of admitting)
(记)参考:admit允许admissible可容纳的,可允许的
admonish [] v,告诫,责备 (to reprove or express warning in a gentle,earnest manner)
(类)peccadillo·sin 小罪·罪(小和正常)
不确定:admonishment·castigation =告诫·苛责(程度)
admonish·denounce=punish·pillory 告诫·公开责备=惩罚·示众(一般/ 公开关系)
pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 伪装是一种欺骗=告诫是一种责备
alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 用托词的方式来辩解=用警告的方式来告诫
(记)参考:monitor 班长,监视器(负责监督)
(同)reprove,chide,monish;rebuke,reprimand,reproach
(例)He admonished those frantic football fans to change their wicked ways.
他告诫那些疯狂的足球迷们改变那种捣蛋的做法。
adobe [ E5dEubi ] n.砖坯,土坯
(记)美国Adobe公司,是著名图形软件photoshop等的生产商 区别:abode住所
adolescent [ ] adj.青春期的 n.青少年
adopt [ ] vt,收养,采用
(记)ad+opt选择→采用 参考:option 选择
adore [] vt,崇拜,热爱,非常喜欢(to regard with loving admiration and devotion)
(类)adoration·affection=abhorrence·dislike=fascination·interest
崇拜·好感=痛恨·讨厌=强烈爱好·爱好(程度)
adulate·fawn=woo/ love·adore 谄媚·奉承=热爱·崇拜(程度)
(记)ad+ore说→表白崇拜之情 参考:inexorable无情的oration演说,致词
(派)adorable 可崇拜的,可爱的
adorn [ ] v.装饰
(记)ad+orn装饰 参考:ornament 装饰 suborn贿赂
adroit [] adj.熟练的,敏捷的
adulate [] v,谄媚,奉承(to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly)
(类)fulminate·criticize =adulate·flatter
严责·批评=谄媚·奉承(程度)(干扰:relate·narrate同义)
aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiration 厌恶·不愿=谄媚·赞赏(褒贬程度)
(反)scorn 咒骂 disdain 轻蔑蔑视 vituperate辱骂 disparage 贬损
adulation ◆ somber affection 热烈的赞扬 ◆ 低沉的感情
adulterate [] vt,掺杂,掺假 adj,伪造的,掺杂的
(类)embellish·austere=adulterate·pure 装饰·朴素=掺杂·纯净 (消除关系)
adulterate·purity=enervate·vigor 掺杂·纯度=衰弱·活力(消除关系)
adulterate·pure=bolster/ brace·weak=dismantle·unity
掺杂·纯净=支持·不牢固=拆除·整体(消除关系)
demanding·satisfactory= closed-mind·sway (注:词性不对)
苛求的·满意=死心塌地的·动摇(难以)(干扰:adulterate·pristine掺杂的不纯净)
(反)tainted ◆ unadulterated 弄脏的 ◆ 没有搀杂的
adulteration ◆ purification 掺假 ◆ 净化
(例)adulterate coffee with ground acorns; 在咖啡中掺入磨碎的橡树子
(记)与adulate和adulter(成年人)一起记;成年人爱干一些阿谀奉承,掺假使坏的事情。
adumbrate [] vt,隐约预示(to suggest or disclose partially)
(反)revelation ◆ adumbration 显示,揭露 ◆ 有保留的揭示
(记)ad+umbra(=shadow 影子)+ate 联想:事情有影子→预示 参考:umbrella 伞
advent [] n.不寻常事物的出现,到来
(例)the advent of the computer,计算机的出现
adventitious [] adj,外来的,非与生俱来的(not inherent but added extrinsically)
(反)constitutional,essential,intrinsic; inborn,inbred,innate,inherent
adventure [] n,冒险,冒险的经历 v,冒险
(派)adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的,敢做敢为的
adversary [] n,敌手,对手(an opponent; an enemy)
(类)supplicant·humility=adversary·resistance 恳求者·谦卑=对手·反抗(正面特征)
(反)ally ◆ adversary 联盟 ◆ 敌手,对手
(记)参考:adverse 敌对的,相反的 adversiy 不幸,灾难 versus与…相对 简写:vs
adversity [ ] n.不幸,灾难,逆境(a state of hardship or affliction; misfortune)
advert [] vi,注意,留意 n,广告(to turn the mind or attention)
(反)advertent ◆ inattentive 留意的 ◆ 不注意的
inadvertence ◆ careful attention 疏忽 ◆ 仔细留意
(例)advert to a problem,注意到一个问题

advertise [] vt,广告(to announce publicly esp,by a printed notice or a broadcast)
(类)advertising·commercial=publishing·journal 广告·电视或广播广告=出版·期刊(种属)
advisable [ ] adj.可取的,明智的(worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent)
advisory [] adj,顾问的,咨询的,忠告的
advocate [] vt,主张,提倡(to plead in favor of)
(反)advocate ◆ denounce 主张 ◆ 谴责
(记)ad(增强)+voc(声音,叫喊)+ate 联想:大声叫喊→主张;参考:revoke 废除
(例)He advocates building more schools,他主张多建几所学校。
aegis [ ] n,盾,保护,庇护
(例)a child whose welfare is now under the aegis of the courts.
儿童福利现在处于法庭的保护之下
aerate [] v,充气(to supply or impregnate with air)
(类)aerate·oxygen=hydrate·water 充气·氧气=使成水化合物·水
(反)aerate ◆ remove air from 充气 ◆ 放出空气
(记)aer(气:air的变形)+ate(表动作)→充气 参考:aerial空气的aeronautics航空学
aesthetic [] n,美学
(类)aesthetics·beauty=epistemology·knowledge 美学·美=知识起源学·知识
gourmet·food=aesthetic·art 美食家·食物=美学·艺术
(记)esthete:词根“感觉”;本身是一个词:美学家。参考:anaesthesia 麻醉(无感觉)
affable [] adj.易于交谈的,和蔼的(characterized by ease and friendliness)
(反)rascible易怒的 testy暴躁的
(记)参考fable(寓言,说)联想:通过寓言向人们和蔼的讲道理。参考:ineffable 不能说的
(例)an affable smile,慈祥的微笑
affectation [] n.假装,做作(a show,pretense,or display;artificiality)
affected [] adj,假装的,做作的(assumed artificially or falsely)
(类)posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 装腔作势的人不矫揉造作=顽固不化的人不宽容
(反)affected ◆ natural 做作的 ◆ 自然的
affected ◆ artless 做作的 ◆ 朴实的
affection [] n,爱,情感
(类)kiss·affection=shrug·indifference 吻表达友爱=耸肩表达冷漠
swagger·bravado=caress·affection 大摇大摆出于虚张声势=爱抚出于爱情
mercurial·mood=fickle·affection 多变的情绪=善变的感情
(反)antipathy 厌恶
(记)affect (影响) 好影响(affection),坏影响(affectation)参考:affectionate爱的
affidavit [] n,宣过誓的书面陈述(a sworn statement in writing made esp,under oath)
(类)affidavit·statement=wedding·ceremony 宣誓过的书面陈述·陈述=婚礼·仪式(种属)
(记)fid(相信)参考:confidence 信心,保密 confide vt,倾诉,委托 perfidy 背叛
affiliate [] v,使成为会员,结盟(to bring or receive into close connection as a member)
(反)affiliation ◆ dissociation 结盟 ◆ 分裂
(记)fili(子女)参考:filial子女的
affinity [] n,天然倾向或喜好(implies a susceptibility or predisposition on something)
(反)aversion厌恶 repugnance厌恶 antipathy 厌恶
(例)He have an affinity for mathematics,他天生喜欢数学。
affirm [ ] v,断言,确认,肯定
affix [ ] vt,使附于,粘贴 n,词缀(prefix前缀;suffix后缀)
affluent [] adj,丰富的,富裕的(having a generously sufficient material possessions)
(反)needy 非常贫困的 impecunious贫困的
(记)flu(流动)+ent 联想:不断流入→富裕的
afflict [ ] vt.使痛苦,折磨
affront [ ] n/ vt,公开侮辱,冒犯,面对
(例)Such behavior is an affront to society,这种行为是对社会的蔑视
aftermath [] n.结果,后果(a consequence,especially of a disaster or misfortune)
agenda [] n,议程(a list or outline of things to be considered or done)
(类)minute·agenda=log·itinerary 会议记录·议程=航海日志·行程安排
syllabus·course=agenda·meeting=itinerary·trip=program·concert
教学大纲安排课程=议程安排会议=行程表安排旅程=节目程序安排音乐会
agape [ ] adj.adv,大张着嘴的;目瞪口呆地
agglomerate [ ] n.大团,大块 adj.成块的,凝聚的vt,使成团,使成块,使凝聚
aggrandize [] vt,增加,夸大(to make appear great or greater:praise highly)
(反)disparage贬低 relegate降级 efface抹掉 (干扰:undermine破坏)
(记)grand (大) 参考:grandiloquent 夸张的,夸大的
aggravate [] vt,加重,恶化(to make worse,more serious,or more severe)
(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 抚慰,安慰 ◆ 加重悲伤
(反)alleviate 减轻 succor援助,减轻(to go to the aid of,relieve)
(记)grav(重)→加重
aggregate [] n,集合体 v,集合,合计(to collect or gather into a mass or whole)
(反)disaggregate ◆ coalesce 分散 ◆ 接合
aggregate ◆ isolated units 集合体 ◆ 隔离的单位
aggregate ◆ disperse 聚集 ◆ 分散
disaggregate ◆ join together 分解 ◆ 连接,结合
(记)greg(团体) 联想:集合;参考:gregarious(社交的,群居的)
list 2 aggressive ------- arachnid
aggressive [] adj,好斗的,侵略性的(Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion)
(反)even-tempered 性情平和的
【注】even adj,平的,公平的,偶数的 参考:even-handed 公平的
(例)an aggressive young executive,一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员
aggrieve [] vt,使委屈,使苦恼(to give pain or trouble to)
(反)gratify 使满足
(同)distress,constrain,grieve,hurt
(派)aggrieved 悲痛的,被错误对待的,受委屈的(Treated wrongly)
aghast [] adj,惊骇的,吓呆的
(记)源自 ghost 鬼
agile [] adj,敏捷的,轻快的,灵活的
agitate [ ] v,搅动,煽动,激动;使不安,使焦虑
(类)agitated·frenetic=literate·erudite 激动的·极度激动的=有文化的·博学的(程度)
insurgent·rebel=incendiary·agitate 叛乱分子·叛乱=煽动者·煽动 (正面特征)
agnostic [ ] n,不可知论者
COWARD,BRAVE 懦夫:勇敢的
hero,cynical
martyr,impatient
philanthropist,selfish
agnostic,intuitive
traitor,careful
英雄:玩世不恭的烈士:不耐烦的慈善家:自私的不可知论者:直觉的叛徒:谨慎的
答案:(C)
agog [] adj 热切渴望的;极度兴奋的(eager)
(类)interested·agog=careful·meticulous 感兴趣的·热切的=仔细的·小心翼翼的(程度)
agony [] n,苦恼,极大的痛苦(intense pain of mind or body)
(类)painful·agonizing=important·paramount 痛苦的·极大痛苦的=重要的·最重要的(程度)
agonized·distress=obsessed·concern 极大痛苦的·苦恼=困扰的·关心(程度)
agrarian [ ] adj.有关土地的,耕地的,农业的
(类)agrarian·farming=mercantile·trade 农业的·农业=商业的·商业(名形同义)
(记)agr(农业)参考:agriculture农业;agronomy农学
agreeable [ ] adj,使人愉快的,惬意的,适合的(to one's liking;pleasing)
ailment [ ] n,小病,不适(a mild illness)(注ail,trouble;be ill生病)
airborne [ ] adj.空气传播的,空降的,空运的
airtight [] adj,密闭的,不透气的(impermeable to air or nearly so)
(类)foolproof·fail=airtight·leak 极其可靠的不会出故障=密封的不会泄漏
【注】foolproof,adj,so simple or reliable as to leave no opportunity for error or failure
alabaster [ ] n.雪花石膏 adj.雪白的
(记)ala—上海方言;联想:上海人的皮肤白→雪白的
airy [] adj,通风的(open to the air);轻快的(light-hearted; gay);空洞的,不切实际的
alacrity [] n,敏捷,轻快;渴望,乐意(promptness in response:cheerful readiness)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
alacrity·apathetic=temerity·timid 渴望·缺乏感情的=卤莽蛮勇的·胆怯的(名形反义)
husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节约·浪费=敏捷·延迟(反义)
(反)alacrity ◆ hesitance and reluctance 乐意(敏捷,欣然) ◆ 犹豫和不情愿
(反)dilatoriness 迟缓,拖延 hesitance 犹豫,踌躇
(例)He accepted the invitation with alacrity 他欣然接受了邀请。
albeit [] conj,尽管,虽然(表示让步和转折)
(例)clear albeit cold weather,虽然天冷但仍很晴朗
albino [] n,白化病 (an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation)
(类)albino·pigment=prairie·tree 白化病缺乏色素=大草原缺乏树
alchemy [] n,炼金术(medieval chemistry)
(类)alchemy·chemistry=false drug·treatment 炼金术·化学=假药·治疗(种属,特征"假")
alcove [ ] n.凹室,壁橱(niche,recess)
alert [ ] adj.提防的,警觉的(vigilantly attentive)n,警报
alias [ ] n.别名,化名(an assumed name)
alibi [] n,托辞,借口,辩解(an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment)
(类)alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 托词目的是辩解=警告目的是告诫
alibi·exculpate=sophism·deceive 托词目的是辩解=诡辩目的是欺骗
alienate [] v,疏远(to make unfriendly,hostile,or indifferent)
(反)unite 联合 reunite 重新联合
(同)estrance,alien,disaffect,disunify,disunite,wean
alight [] vi,飞落,下车 adj.点着的(lighted)照亮的(Illuminated)
align [] vt排成一行,调准(to be in precise adjustment or correct relative position);结盟
(反)aligned ◆ improperly adjusted 准确调整的 ◆ 调整不当的
aligned ◆ irregular 排成一行的 ◆ 不规则的
aligned ◆ askew/ awry 排成一行的 ◆ 歪斜的
aligned ◆ warped 排成一行的 ◆ 弯曲的
(例)aligning the wheels of a truck,调整卡车的轮子
We must align ourselves with the workers,我们必须和工人们站在一起。
(记)a+lign(=line直线,排队)
alimentary [] adj.食物的,营养的(concerned with food,nutrition,or digestion)
allay [] vt.,缓解(assuage)
(反)(excite/ arouse/ foment)激化,激起 (干扰:compel 强迫)
increase the intensity of 加重 exacerbate恶化
(例)We expect a breeze to allay the heat.我们希望一阵风能够缓解热浪。
(记)all+lay谐音“累”→都累了 联想:大家都累了,需要缓解一下压力。
allege [ ] vt.宣称,断言,指控
(例)The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.
警方称这名男子被人谋杀,但并未提供任何证据。
(派)allegedly adv.依其申述;涉嫌 alleged声称的,所谓的,涉嫌的allegation无证据的指控
allegiance [] n.忠诚,拥护(devotion or loyalty to a person,group,or cause)
(类)renegade·allegiance=apostate·faith 背信弃义者缺乏忠诚=背教者缺乏信念
pundits·authoritativeness=partisans·allegiance 博学者权威=拥护者忠诚
(记)谐音all+legiance 全立正,表达忠诚
比较:allegation·allegiance·allergy·allege 主张/拥护/过敏/宣称
allegory [ ] n.寓言
allergy [ ] n,敏感症;反感
(派)allergic过敏的,对……反感的
alleviate [] v.缓和,减轻to make(as suffering) more bearable
(类)alleviate·strength=dampen·ardor 减轻·强度=使沮丧·热情
alleviate·intensity=console·grief 减轻·强度=安慰·悲痛
(反)exacerbate恶化 increase intensity加强
(记)lev(轻)参考:levity(轻率)
alley [] n 小巷,胡同
alliterate [] v,押头韵(the repetition of initial consonant sounds)
(类)alliterate·remove=blazon·efface 押头韵难以删除=纹章难以拭除
(例) "The furrow followed free" is an example of alliteration
allocate [] vt.分派,分配(to distribute according to a plan;allot)
allopathy [] n.【医】对抗疗法(反:homeopathy 顺势疗法)
allowance [] n,定量(a fixed or available amount)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量·定量=小溪·溪流 (小与正常)
(例)We were provided an allowance of time for recreation,我们拥有定量的娱乐时间。
alloy [] n.合金,混合物 vt,融合,混合(to combine; mix:)
(派)unalloyed 纯粹的
allude [] vi,暗示,间接提到(to make indirect reference)
(类)intimate·communicate=allude·refer 暗中传达·传达=间接提到·提及
【注】intimate,to make known subtly and indirectly;hint 暗示
(反)allude ◆ mention explicitly 暗示,暗指 ◆ 明白的提及
allure [ ] v,诱惑,引诱(to attract with something desirable;entice)
(派)alluring诱人的
allusion [] n.间接提及,暗示(an implied or indirect reference especially in literature)
(例)Without naming names,the candidate criticized the national leaders by allusion.
没有指出姓名,候选人间接批评了国家领导们
alluvial [ ] adj,冲积的,淤积的
ally [] n,同盟(a sovereign or state associated with another by treaty or league)
(反)adversary / rival 敌手
(记)与alley小巷,小径易混。从读音上区分:all+ly(=lie)→都撒谎 联想:盟国之间都撒谎
almond [ ] n.杏树,杏仁
aloft [] adv,在空中(in the air;especially:in flight)
(反)founder ◆ stay aloft 沉没 ◆ 在空中
grounded ◆ aloft 着陆的 ◆ 在空中
(记) loft(阁楼)联想:空中楼阁→在空中 参考:lofty崇高的,高傲的
aloof [] adj,孤高的,不合群的(removed or distant either physically or emotionally)
(类)politic·offend=aloof· associate 精明的难以得罪人=孤高的难以联合
gregarious ◆ aloof 爱社交的 ◆ 孤高的
(例)the aloof composer neither worried nor cared about public opinion.
这个孤高的作曲家既不担心也不关心公众的意见。
(记)a+ loof(=roof):一个人在屋顶上,又孤又高。
alphabetical [] adj,按字母顺序的(arranged in the order of the letters)
(类)dictionary·alphabetical=annals·chronological
字典按字母顺序排列=编年史按时间顺序排列
(记)alpha和bet 是希腊字母A和B的读音。(学数学时经常用到啊)
alter [ ] v.改变
alternate [ ] adj,交替的,轮流的,取代的,供替换的v,交替,轮流 n.候选人,替代性选择
alternative [ ] n,替代性选择,选择余地 adj,二中选一的;标新立异的
(记)一定要与alternate区别开。两者词义有交叉也有不同
(例)We have no alternative but to go on,除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地
altercation [] n.争论,口角
altitude [ ] n.海拔高度;高处
altruism [] n,利他主义(devotion to the welfare of others)
(类)altruist·selflessness=connoisseur·expertise
利他主义者具有无私品格=鉴赏家具有专门技术
(反)altruism ◆ egocentric 利他主义 ◆ 利己主义 (egoism)
(记)alter(=other 其他)参考:alternate 交替的,轮流的
aluminium [ ] n,铝 adj.铝的
amalgamate [] v,合并,混合(to merge into a single body)
(反)separate 分开 isolate 隔离
amass [ ] vt,收集,积聚(尤指财富)
amateur [] n.业余爱好者
(记)ama(=amor爱)参考:amorous恋爱的 amateurish 业余的 enamored倾心的
ambience [] n.气氛,情调(a feeling or mood associated with a particular place)
ambiguous [] adj,含糊的,不明确的(doubtful from obscurity)
(类)equivocation·ambiguous=platitude·banal 模棱两可的话·含糊的=陈词滥调·陈腐的
ambiguous·understand=blatant·ignore 不明确的不容易被理解=明显的不容易被忽视
ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 模棱两可·清楚=虚假的·事实
equivocation·ambiguous=oxymoron·incongruous
模棱两可·不明确的=矛盾修饰法·不调和的
(反)watershed◆routine 重要转折点◆日常生活
(记)ambi(二)→双重意义→含糊的
ambivalent [] adj(对人、事物)有矛盾心理的,摇摆不定的
amble [] vi,漫步,溜达(to walk slowly or leisurely;stroll)
(类)amble·walk=chat·talk=doodle ·draw 漫步·步行=闲聊·谈话=乱画· 画
tint·suffuse=amble·wander 轻微着色·弥漫充满=溜达·到处溜达,漫游(程度)
(反)amble ◆ step quickly 漫步 ◆ 快走
(记)amble(=ambul 走) 参考:ambulance 急救车 ambulatory 走动的,流动的
ambrosial [] adj,特别美味的(delicious)
(类)mellifluous·music=ambrosial·food 悦耳的音乐=美味的食物
ameliorate [] vt,改善,改良,变好(to make better or more tolerable)
(类)ameliorate·improve=admonish·caution 改善·改进=告诫·警示(同义)
(反)ameliorate ◆ aggravate 改善 ◆ 使恶化
damper ◆ amelioration 抑制 ◆ 改进
(记)ameli 谐音:爱美丽 联想:爱美丽所以要不断改善自己。
amenable [] adj,愿服从的,通情达理的(responsive to advice,authority;tractable)
(反)intransigent 不妥协的 inimical 敌意的
(记)a-men联想基督教祷告语阿门,再联想基督教徒是通情达理的。
amendment [] n,改善,改正;修正案
amenity [] n,适意(agreeableness),礼仪(courtesy)便利设施(convenience,facility)
(类)amenity·comfortable=honorarium·grateful 便利设施令人舒适=谢礼用以表达感谢
(记)由a-men继续联想,基督教徒是讲礼仪的。
amiable [] adj,亲切的,和蔼可亲的(being friendly,sociable,and congenial) (反)inimical 有敌意的
amicable [] adj,友善的,和平的(friendly,neighborly)
(反)asperity ◆ amicableness 粗暴◆友善
(记)观察amiable;amicable两词的区别在中间的a和ca,ca谐音为客。联想amicable 为好客的,即强调对外界人物的态度友好,而amiable强调本身的性格。
amity [] n.友好,亲善关系(friendship;especially,friendly relations between nations)
(反)enmity,animosity,antagonism,antipathy,hostility; conflict,contention,discord,dissension
amnesia [ ] n,健忘症
(记)a(否定)+mnes(记忆)+ia(病)→记不住的病→健忘症
amnesty [] n,特赦
(记)a(否定)+mnes记忆→不再记着罪过→赦免,特赦
amoral [ ] adj,与道德无关的;不懂是非的
(例)Young children are amoral,小孩子是不懂是非的。
(记)区别:immoral不道德的,邪恶的
amorous [ ] adj.色情的,含情脉脉的,表示爱情的
(记)amor爱神丘比特 参考:amateur业余爱好者 amour偷情
amorphous [] adj,无定形的(having no definite form )
(类)amorphous·shape=errant·course=wandering·course=equivocal·meaning
无定形的·形状=路线不定的·路线=漫游的·路线=模棱两可的·意义
(记)a(无)+morph(形状)→无形状的
amortize [] v,分期付款
(记)a+morti(谐音:茅台)联想:茅台很贵,所以一瓶茅台也要分期付款
ample [ ] adj,充足的,丰富的
(记)ampl(大)参考:amplitude 广阔,丰富 amplify 放大,增强
amputate [] vt.截肢(amputee截肢者)
amulet [] n,护身符(an object worn as a charm符咒 against evil or injury)
(类)amulet·evil=helmet·injury 护身符防邪恶=头盔防伤害
amuse [] vt,娱乐,使发笑,使愉快
anachronistic [] n,时代错误,不合时代的人或事 adj.时代错误的
(记)ana(错)+chron(时间)参考:chronic慢性的
anaerobic [] adj,无氧能活的(living in the absence of free oxygen)
(反)anaerobic ◆ living in oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 生活在氧气里的
anaerobic ◆ require oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 需要氧气的
(记)an(无)+ aero(空气)→无氧能活的
analgesic [] n,镇痛剂(insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness) (类)analgesic·pain=anesthetic·sensation=simplify·complexity
止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉=简单化·复杂性(消除关系)
pain·analgesic=sensation·anesthetic=symptom·palliative
疼痛·止痛剂=感觉·麻醉剂=症状·缓和的(消除关系)
tonic·invigorate=analgesic·deaden 补药·使健壮=止痛剂·使麻木(药品及其作用)
soporific·alertment=analgesic·pain 安眠药·警醒=止痛药·疼痛 (药物及其消除对象)
(记)an(否定)+alg(痛)→镇痛剂 参考:algetic adj,疼痛的 nostalgia n,乡愁,思乡病
analogy [ ] n.类似,相似;类推,类比
analyze [ ] vt.分析,分解
anarchist [] n,无政府主义者(one who rebels against any authority or established order)
(类)anarchist·rebel=apologist·defend 无政府主义者·谋反=辩护者·辩护(正面特征)
(反)anarchy ◆ order 无政府状态,混乱 ◆ 次序,规则
(记)an+archy(统治)→无政府 参考:anarchy无政府状态
anathema [] n,诅咒,咒逐(one that is cursed by ecclesiastical authority)
(类)anathema·curse=theocracy·state 神的诅咒·诅咒=神权国家·国家
(反)panegyric ◆ anathema 赞扬 ◆ 诅咒
ancestor [ ] n.祖先,祖宗
anchorite [] n.隐者,隐士
ancillary [] adj,补助的,副的(SUBORDINATE,SUBSIDIARY)
(反)ancillary ◆ paramount 辅助的,次要的 ◆ 最主要的
(记)an+cillary 谐音:一个希拉里。联想:希拉里是克林顿的助手
anecdote [] n,轶事,趣闻(a usually short narrative of an interesting incident)
(类)anecdote·amusement=lecture·instruction 轶闻·娱乐=演讲·教导
skit·play=anecdote·narrative 滑稽短剧·戏剧=趣闻·叙事(双重对应:短且有趣)
【注:skit (a brief burlesque) anecdote (a short interesting narrative)】
anemic [] adj,贫血的,乏力的(lacking force,vitality,or spirit)
(反)anemic ◆ strong/ hale 贫血的◆强壮的/ 健康的
(记)a+nem(血)+ia 联想:无血的疾病→贫血 比较:amnesia·anemia 健忘·贫血
anesthetic [] n,麻醉剂,麻药(lacking awareness or sensitivity)
(类)analgesic·pain=anesthetic·sensation 止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉
aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
pain·analgesic=sensation·anesthetic 疼痛·止痛剂=感觉·麻醉剂
aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(反)sensation ◆ anesthesia 感觉 ◆ 麻醉
(记)an(否定)+esthete(感觉) 联想:没有感觉→麻醉
anguish [ ] n,极度痛苦(agonizing physical or mental pain; torment)v,使痛苦
angular [] adj有角的;瘦骨嶙峋的
(记)来自angle角
anhydrous [] adj,无水的(free from water)
(反)anhydrous◆wet 无水的◆潮湿的
(记)an(无)+hydr(水)→无水的 参考:hydrate与水化合
animate [ ] adj,活的,有生气的 v,鼓励
(反)lassitude◆vim/ animation 疲倦,疲乏◆精力/ 生气
(记) 联想animal,动物不知疲倦,有着勃勃生机。比如我们往往用“野兽”形容一个人精力旺盛
ankle [] n,踝,脚脖子
animosity [] n.仇恨,憎恶
animus [] n.敌意(hostile feeling or intent)
(反)animus ◆ friendliness 敌意 ◆ 友好
(记)anim=animals动物+us我们 联想:动物与我们之间存在着深深的敌意。
annals [] n,纪年表,年鉴,年报(a record of events arranged in yearly sequence)
(类)dictionary·alphabetical=annals·chronological
字典·依字母顺序的=年鉴·按年代顺序的(事物及其编排方式)
(记)ann(年,一年)参考:annual 每年的,一年一次的
annoy [] vt,使苦恼,骚扰,惹恼(to disturb especially by repeated acts)
(类)testy·annoy=tractable·control 易怒的·惹恼=易于管教的·控制,管理(容易被)
patronizing·condescending=peeved·annoyed
使领情的·使领情的=气恼的·恼怒的(同义)
annexation [ ] n.合并
annihilate [] vt,消灭,歼灭(to destroy completely)
(记)nihil (无)参考:nihil无,虚无 nihilism虚无主义nil没有,零
annotate [] v.注释,评注(to make critical or explanatory comment)
announce [ ] vt,宣布,宣告
annoy [] vt.使苦恼,骚扰(to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts)
annul [] v,宣告无效,取消(to declare or make legally invalid or void)
(反)annul ◆ make legal 宣告无效 ◆ 使合法
annul ◆ reaffirm 宣告无效 ◆ 重新确认
(记)an+nul(=null零)→取消 参考:nullify取消
anomalous [] adj,不规则的,反常的(abnormal;irregular)
(类)anomaly·paradigmatic=blemish·flawless 异常的人·模范的=缺点·无缺点的
(反)anomalous ◆ typical/ conformity to norms 反常的 ◆ 典型的/ 符合规范的
(记)a(不,无)+nomal(正常的)→不正常的
anonymous [] adj,匿名的(not named or identified)
(类)anonymous·identify=nonchalant·excite 匿名的·识别=冷淡的·使兴奋(难以)
(记)an(无)+onym(名称)+ ous 联想:没有名称的→匿名的
antagonize [] vt,使成敌人,敌对,反对(to incur or provoke the hostility of)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱·胁迫=愤怒·敌对(容易被)
(反)antagonize ◆ placate/ mollify/ propitiate 引起敌意 ◆ 抚慰,消除敌意
synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的,合作的 ◆ 敌对的
(记)ant(反)+agon(打斗,比赛) 联想:对抗
antedate [] vt,将时间提前;先于,前于
(例)That event antedated World WarⅡ,那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。
The cold weather antedated their departure,寒冷的天气使他们提前离开。
antediluvian [] adj,上古的,史前的(antiquated;ancient)
(类)antediluvian·age=colossal·size 古老的·年代=巨大的·尺寸
(记)ante(前面)+diluv(洪水)→洪水来临之前→上古(大禹后来开始治水)
antenna [ ] n,天线,触角
anterior [] adj,前面的,在前的(coming before in time or development)
(反)anterior ◆ ensuing 前面的 ◆ 后来的
(同)antecedent n,先辈;先例 adj.先行的 former,precedent,previous,prior
anthology [] n,诗集,文选(a collection of selected literary works of art)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection 概略·概要=文选·文集(同义)
(记)antho-(前缀:花)+ log(=leg 采摘,聚集)→花的集合→文选参考:anthomania 花痴 legion 军团,众多,大批
antic [] adj 古怪的,滑稽可笑的(characterized by clownish absurdity)
(类)facetious·speech=antic·behavior 爱开玩笑的·谈话=滑稽的·行为(修饰关系)
(同)fantastic,bizarre,grotesque
(记)ant+ic 联想:蚂蚁也用ic卡 →可笑
anticipate [] vt.预感,预见;期待,期望
anticlimax [] n,急转而下;虎头蛇尾
(记)anti(反)+climax(高潮)→反高潮→急转直下的变化,虎头蛇尾的结局
antidote [] n,解毒剂,解药(a remedy to counteract the effects of poison)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒剂·中毒=药膏·刺激
remedy·disease=antidote·poisoning 治疗法·疾病=解毒剂·中毒
(记)anti(反)+dote(药剂) 联想:反毒的药→解毒药
antipathy [] n,厌恶,反感(a strong feeling of aversion or repugnance)
antiquated [] adj.陈旧的,过时的
(记)源自antique古董
antiseptic [] adj,防腐的,消过毒的 n.防腐剂,杀菌剂
antithesis [ ] n.对立面
(例)Hope is the antithesis of despair,希望是绝望的对立面
antitoxic [ ] adj.抗毒的(counteracting a toxin or poison)
(记)anti(反)+tox(毒)→抗毒的
apathy [] n,漠然,冷淡(lack of feeling or emotion)
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=fervor·apathetic 倦怠·热心的=热情·缺乏感情的
(反)vehement ◆ apathetic 激烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的
(记)a+pathy →无感情的→冷淡
aphorism [] n,格言(pithy maxim)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 简短·格言=曲解·漫画(正面特征)
euphemism·offensive=aphorism·diffusive 委婉语·令人不快的=格言·冗长的(反面特征)
pithiness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 简洁·警语=夸张·漫画(正面特征)
(同)maxim,apothegm,axiom,gnome 注意:格言与谚语的不同
apiary [] n,养蜂场,蜂房
(类)apiary·bee=cage·pet 蜂房·蜜蜂=笼子·宠物
(记)api (=bee 蜂)+ ary(表场所后缀)→蜂房 参考:apiculture养蜂
aplomb [ ] n,沉着自信,泰然自若(self-confident assurance; poise)
(记)来自plumb 铅锤探测,垂直;铅锤给人一种沉稳的感觉。
apocalyptic [] adj,启示的,预言的 (prophetic)
(类)apocalyptic·prophetic=inconsequential·illogical
启示录的·预言的=不符合逻辑的·不符合逻辑的 (同义)
(反)apocalyptic ◆ inconsequential 天启的 ◆ 不重要的
apocryphal [] n,虚假的(untrue;made up)
(反)apocryphal ◆ authentic 假冒的 ◆ 可信的
(记)apo-远离+ cry(哭)+phal →远远地哭→虚情假意的→虚假的
(例)Wildly apocryphal rumors about starvation in Petrograd raced through Russia's trenches.
彼得格勒饿死人的杜撰谣言迅速地在俄军阵营流传开来
apophasis [] n,表面上否认实际要说的话例如:I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings.
我不想提我的对手令人怀疑的财政问题。(表面不想提,实际就是要说的话)
(类)apophasis·claim=oxymoron·paradox
婉转表述·表述=矛盾修饰法·矛盾(事物与其相关对象)
【注:oxymoron,a combination of contradictory words 例如:cruel kindness 残酷的温柔】
(记)apo-远离+phasis(= say说)→远远的绕圈子说话 参考:phrase 短语
apoplectic [] adj,易怒的,狂怒的(greatly agitated)
(类)apoplectic·angry=emaciated·thin 狂怒的·发怒=消瘦的·瘦(褒贬)
apoplectic·calmness=callow·mature 狂怒的·平静的=幼稚·成熟(反义)
(反)apoplectic ◆ calm 易怒的 ◆ 冷静的
apostasy [] n,背教,变节,脱党(renunciation of a religious faith)
(类)apostasy·faith=recantation·heresy 变节不再忠实=放弃(异端)论调不再异端
(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 变节 ◆ 忠诚
(记)apo- 远 sta=state (国家) 联想:远离国家→背叛
apostrophe [] n,书写中撇号(')(表示省略或所有格,如 I'M)
(类)apostrophes·word=ellipsis·sentence 撇号·单词=省略号·句子
apothecary [] n,药剂师(one who prepares and sells drugs)
(类)apothecary·medicine=butcher·meat 药剂师配药出售=屠夫屠宰肉食出售
apotheosis [ ] n.尊为神,神化(deification);典范,典型(an exalted example)
(记)theo神 参考:theology 神学
appall [] vt,使胆寒,使惊骇(to overcome with consternation)
(反)embolden使大胆 nerve 鼓起勇气 encourage激励
(记)ap+pal=pale(苍白)→脸色变白→胆寒 参考:appalling令人震惊的
apparel [] v,装饰n.服装(clothing,especially outer garments; attire)
(类)gaudy·apparel=grandiloquent·speak 俗丽的·装饰=浮夸的·说话
tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发师的·头发=裁缝匠的·服装
(记)ap+parel(=prepare准备)联想:准备好盛装去参加舞会。参考:apparatus设备,仪器
apparition [] n,鬼怪,幽灵(a ghostly figure)(特异景象的)显现
(同)specter幽灵;wraith 幽灵 需掌握
(记)字头记忆法:三个幽灵的开头字母合起来是was
appeal [] vi,请求,呼吁,上诉(to make an earnest request)
(类)remonstrator·dissuade=applicant·appeal 提出异议的人·劝阻=申请者·请求 (正面特征)
(记)ap+peal(=pull拉)→拉过去→吸引;
appeal to v,求助于,诉诸于appeal to arms诉诸于武力
appealing [] adj,引起兴趣的,动人的(having appeal·PLEASING )
(反)noisome ◆ appealing 令人不快的◆引起兴趣的
appellation [] n,名称,称呼,命名(A name,title,or designation)
(类)foreword·introductory=appellation·designate 前言·介绍性的=命名·命名的
(记)来自appeal请求 联想:请求皇帝册封名号。
applause [] n,鼓掌,喝彩,赞许 (approval publicly expressed)
(类)mirth·laughter=approval·applause 欢乐·笑=赞成·鼓掌(后者表达前者)
(记)参考:plausible似是而非的
application [ ] n.请求,申请;应用;应用程序
(记)参考:apply申请;applicant申请人;applicable可应用的,适用的
appoint [ ] vt,指定;任命;约会
(例)ETS will appoint a date for the examination,ETS将指定考试日期
apposite [] adj,适当的,恰切的(highly pertinent or appropriate:APT)
(反)apposite ◆ extraneous 合适的 ◆ 无关的
(记) posite 联想 position 位置合适
appraise [] v,评价,估价(to evaluate the worth,significance,or status of)
appreciable [] adj,可感知的,可评估的(capable of being perceived or measured)
(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible 可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的
ponderable ◆ inappreciable 有价值的 ◆ 微不足道的
(记)参考:appreciation v,欣赏,正确评价;感激
apprehension [] n,忧惧(suspicion or fear especially of future evil);逮捕
(类)apprehension·terror=affection·adoration 忧惧·恐怖=好感·崇拜(程度)
(记)来自prehend抓住→抓住精神→忧惧;抓住肉体→逮捕
apprise [] v,通知,告知(inform)
(类)apprise·information=admonish·warning 通知传达信息=告诫表达警告
(反)apprise ◆ withhold information 通知 ◆ 保留信息
(记)ap+prise学习→学习就是被告知。参考,apprentice学徒
approach [] n,接近,方法 vt,接近,动手处理 vi,靠近
(例)He approached the task with dread,他惶恐地着手处理这项任务
approbation [] n,认可,嘉许(warmly commending acceptance or agreement)
(类)praise·approbation=demur·objection 称赞·嘉许=提出异议·反对(同义)
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible 指责·无可责难的=嘉许·应谴责的
(反)execration 咒骂
(记)由prob 联想 probe;探索精神值得称赞。参考:probative探测的,检验的
appropriate [] v,拨款;盗取,挪用(to take use of without authority);adj,适当的
(类)lurk·concealment=purloin·appropriation 潜伏·隐蔽=偷窃·盗取 (同义)
(同)pilfer,pinch,purloin
(记)ap+propri(自己的)→据为己有→盗取,挪用 参考:proprietary 所有权,所有者
property 财产 proper 适当的 这个词义由自己的→固有的→恰当的;固有的当然是恰当的
approve [] vi,赞成;vt.批准,通过(sanction)证实,证明(to prove or attest)
approximate [ ] adj,近似的,大约的
apron [] n,围裙
(类)dropclothing·floor=apron·clothing 地板罩单·地板=围裙·衣服(双重对应:覆盖+保护)
(记)a+pron(谐音:仆人)联想:一个仆人经常穿的东西
apropos [] adj,适当的,相关的(with reference to;regarding)
(反)apropos ◆ irrelevant 相关的◆不切题的
(记)来自propri(自己的)参考:proper 适当的
apt [] adj,易于的,适当的(unusually fitted or qualified )
(反)apt ◆ extremely inappropriate 适当的 ◆ 非常不适当的
apt ◆ unlikely 适当的 ◆ 不可能的
aptness ◆ unsuitability 恰当 ◆ 不适合
aquatic [] adj,水生的,水中的(growing or living in water)
(类)aerial·air=aquatic·water=arboreal·tree
空气中生活的·空气=水栖的·水=树栖的·树
(记)aqu(水)参考 aqueduct 导水管 aquifer 含水土层
aqueduct n.导水管 (a conduit for water)
(类)aqueduct·water=pipeline·gas=vessel·blood
导水管·水=导气管·气体=脉管·血
(记)aque(水)+duct(引导)→导水管

aquifer [] n,蓄水层(a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock)
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=水源·蓄水层(发源地)
【注:well,an issue of water from the earth:a pool fed by a spring】
(记)aqui (=水)+ fer (带来)→带来水的地方→含水层 参考:confer 授予 prefer 更喜欢
aquiline [] adj,鹰的,象鹰的,弯曲的
arable [ ] adj.可耕的,适于耕种的
arachnid [] n,节肢动物(including the spiders,scorpions,mites)
(类)spider·arachnid=orange·fruit 蜘蛛·节肢动物=橘子·水果 (种属)
list 3 arbitrary ----- balloon
arbitrary [ ] adj.任意的,武断的,独裁的
arbitrate [ 5B:bitreit ] v,仲裁,作出公断(to judge in the manner of an arbitrator仲裁人)
arbor [] n,树阴,凉亭
(类)arbor·shelter=hedgerow·fence 树荫·掩蔽处=灌木篱墙·围墙(种属)
(记)参考 Arbor Day 植树节 arboretum 植物园
arboreal [] adj,树木的(of a tree)树栖的(inhabiting trees)
(类)arboreal·trees=sidereal·stars 树的·树=星的·星星 (形名同义)
aquatic·water=arboreal·tree 水栖的·水=树栖的·树
(记)arbor 树
arcane [ ] adj.神秘的,晦涩难解的,不可思议的(known or understood by only a few)
archaic [] adj,过时的 (no longer current or applicable; antiquated)
(类)evanescent·permanence=archaic·currency 转瞬即逝的·永久=过时的·流行
meteoric·constancy=archaic·currency 昙花一现的·恒久不变=过时的·流行
(反)archaic◆current 过时的◆流行的
archaism◆modern diction 古语 ◆ 新语(干扰:recent dictation 最近的讲话)
(记)arch开始,远古 参考:archaeology考古学 architecture 最原初的技术→建筑学
archetype [] n,原型(prototype;primitive pattern) 范例(paradigm ;model)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(记)arche(原初的)+ type(形状)→原型
archipelago [] n,群岛(group of closely located islands)
(类)grove·trees=archipelago·islands 小树林·树木=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)
galaxy·stars=archipelago·islands 星系·恒星=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)
(记)由arch(弧形) 联想群岛一般是弧形的。
archive [] n,档案室(place where public records are kept)
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=军械库·兵器
archive·records=museum·artifacts 档案室·记录=博物馆·史前古器物
ardor [] n,热心,热情(heat;passion;zeal)
(类)assuage·sorrow=dampen·ardor 缓和·悲伤=使沮丧·热情(前者消减后者)
(反)torpor ◆ ardor 不活泼 ◆ 热情
(记)ard热 参考,ardent adj,热心的,热情洋溢的
arduous [] adj,费劲的(hard to accomplish or achieve)
(反)arduous ◆ facile 费劲的 ◆ 易做到的
(同)difficult,labored,laborious,strenuous
(记)ard热 联想:天气很热的时候学习真费劲。
argot [] n,隐语,黑话,行话(secret vocabulary peculiar to a particular group)
(反)argot ◆ standard language/ common verbalism 隐语,暗语 ◆ 规则地语言/ 普通地言语
(同)cant,jargon,slang,vernacular
(记)注意发音:谐音阿狗。阿狗是地道的黑话。
aria [ ] n,咏叹调(a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment,as in an opera)
(类)opera·aria=play·monologue 歌剧·独唱曲=戏剧·独白(双重对应)
biography·nonfiction = sonnet·poem 自传·非虚构=十四行诗·诗(种属)
干扰:aria·opera 咏叹调是歌剧中的一种演唱方式,并不是歌剧的一种。
(记)来自 air 空气 因为咏叹调希望运用很足的气息。练声时a---I----a
arid [] adj,干燥的,不毛的(excessively dry)
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿透的=沙漠·干燥的(正面特征)
(反)arid ◆ damp 干燥的 ◆ 潮湿的
(记)arid(=ard 热)→热造成干燥
armistice [ ] n.停战,休战(temporary suspension of hostilities;truce)
aroma [ ] n.芳香;气味;气氛
arouse [ ] vt.唤醒,唤起;鼓励,引起(to stir up; excite) vi,睡醒
arrest [] vt,阻止(check),使不活跃 (to make inactive)逮捕
(反)arrest ◆ vitalize 使不活跃 ◆ 使有生气
(记)ar(=ad朝向)+ rest 静止 联想:朝向静止发展→阻止,使不活跃
array [] n,排列,编队 vt.部署
arresting [] adj,引人注目的(conspicuous;salient)
(类)blatant·arresting=odious·disgusting 炫耀的·引人注意的=可厌的·令人厌恶的
(反)arresting ◆ banal 引人注目的 ◆ 陈腐老套的
arrhythmic [] adj,无节奏的,不规则的(lacking rhythm or regularity)
(类)arrhythmic·regularity=apathetic·concern 不规则的·规则=无动于衷的·关注(缺乏关系)
(反)arrhythmic ◆ regular 不规则的 ◆ 规则的
(记)ar(无)+rhythm(节奏) 联想:无节奏的
arrogance [] n.傲慢,自大(pride,haughtiness)
(类)mean·prodigality=meek·arrogance 吝啬的·慷慨=谦恭的·自大(反义)
confidence·arrogant=inquiry·interrogatory 自信·傲慢的=询问·质问的(褒贬)
intentional·accidental=arrogant·humble 故意的·意外的=傲慢的·谦逊的(反义)
arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢难服从=疲倦难激起
【注:defer:to submit to another's wishes usually through deference or respect】
(记)rog问 参考:interrogate质问abrogate废除
arrogate [ ] v,盗用权力,僭越(to claim or seize without justification)
arroyo [] n,峡谷,小河(a brook;a creek ;a water-carved gully or channel)
(类)grotto·cavern=arroyo·channel 小洞穴·巨洞=小河·海峡(小与大)
arsenal [] n,兵工厂,军械库
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=军械库·兵器
(记)英超球队阿森纳(Arsenal)绰号"兵工厂"。
artery [] n,动脉,要道(a major route of transportation into which local routes flow)
(类)artery·plaque=channel·silt 动脉·血小板=河道·淤泥(后者阻塞前者)
artful [] adj,巧妙的;狡猾的;人工的
articulate [] vt,清晰说话 adj.发音清晰的
(类)ratiocination·thinking=articulation·talking 推理·思考=清晰说话·说话
articulate·clearly=shout·loudly 清晰说话·清晰地=呼喊·大声地
articulate·speech=graceful·movement 发音清晰的·说话=动作优美的·动作
articulate·unclear=elaborate·sketchy 发音清晰的·不清晰的=详尽的·概要的
(记)articu(接合) 联想:连接得当→说话清晰 参考:article 文章(由句子连接而成)
articulation 关节
artifacts [] n,史前古器物(products of primitive culture)
(类)archive·records=museum·artifacts 档案室·记录=博物馆·史前古器物
(记)art(艺术,人工)+fact(产品,产物)→古器物 参考:artifact 人工制品
【注:古代西方的艺术是与自然相对的概念。艺术的东西即人工的,非自然的】
artifice [] n,诡计(false or insincere behavior)
(反)artifice ◆ candor 诡计 ◆ 坦白
(记)arti(=art 艺术)→非自然的东西→不纯净的→诡计 参考:artificial人造的,假的
artless [] adj,朴质的;率直的(free from guile or craft:sincerely simple)
(类)blemish·impeccable=guile·artless 污点·无瑕疵的=狡猾·率直的(反面特征)
artlessness·guile=dabbler·dedication 天真者无诡计=涉猎者不投入
【注:dedication:self-sacrificing devotion 有自我牺牲精神的投入】
(反)artlessness ◆ duplicity 朴实 ◆ 口是心非
【注:duplicity:the belying of one's true intentions by deceptive words or action 】
(反)cunning/ guileful/ sly狡猾的 disingenuous虚伪的 affected做作的
artlessness ◆ objectivity 天真浪漫 ◆ 客观现实
(记)art(艺术,不自然)+less (否定后缀)→双重否定表肯定→自然,朴实的
ascendant [] n,优势 adj.上升的,占优势的 (同ascendent)
(反)ascendant ◆ having no influence/ power 占优势的 ◆ 没有影响力的
ascendant ◆ nonentity 优势 ◆ 无足轻重
ascendent ◆ declining 上升的 ◆ 衰退中的
(同)dominant,master,overbearing,paramount,predominant
(记)ascend 上升→优势 参考:descend(下降) transcendent(卓越的)
ascertain [ ] vt,查明,确定(to make certain,definite,and precise)
ascetic [] adj,禁欲的 n,苦行者(austere in appearance,manner,or attitude)
(类)glutton·overindulgence=ascetic·self-denial 暴食者·放纵=苦行者·克己
ascetic·self-denial=busybody·intrusive 苦行者·克己=好管闲事的人·打扰的
【注:busybody:an officious or inquisitive person】
ascetic·luxury=teetotaler·alcohol 苦行者·奢侈=禁酒者·酒(前者反对后者)
(反)sumptuous 奢侈的 sybarite;voluptuary 酒色之徒 hedonist 享乐主义者
aseptic [] adj,无菌的,洁净的(preventing infection)
(类)aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(反)aseptic◆contaminated 无菌的◆感染的
(记)a(无)+sept(菌)→无菌的 参考:antiseptic防腐的,杀菌的
askew [] adj,歪斜的(out of line:awry)
(反)aligned ◆ askew 一行的 ◆ 歪斜的
aspect [] n,样子,外表 (appearance to the eye or mind)
(类)transfigure·aspect=transfer·location 变形·样子=转移·位置(使动:前者使后者变化)
(同)look(外表),mien(风度),seeming (外观)
asperity [] n,性情粗暴(sharpness of temper)
(反)mildness of temper 脾气温和 soothingness让人宽心 amiability 和蔼可亲
aspersion n,诽谤,中伤 (slanderous remark)
(反)glowing tribute 厚礼 flattery 谄媚
【注:tribute,a gift or service showing respect,gratitude,or affection】
aspirant [] n,有抱负者,有野心者(seeker after position or status)
(类)aspirant·quarry=hunter·prey 有抱负者·目标=狩猎者·猎物(前追求后)
(记)a+spir(呼吸)联想:大口呼吸,渴望呼吸新鲜东西→抱负 参考:respiration(呼吸)
aspiration n,强烈的愿望,抱负(a strong desire )吸入(inhalation)
assail [] vt.攻击(assault);攻讦(to attack verbally,as with ridicule or censure)
assault [ ] n.攻击,袭击 v.袭击
assay [] n/v,化验,检验,评价
(类)encyclopedia·compendious=abstract·concise
百科全书·扼要的=摘要·简短的(正面特征)
【注】assay·objective化验·客观的为干扰选项,化验的本质属性并非客观,有些人为因素会造成主观,比如化验方法的选择等
(记)注意和essay(散文)区别。
assent [] n.赞成;vi.同意(to agree,as to a proposal; concur)
assert [] vt,主张,声明,断言(state strongly,demand recognition of rights)
(类)calumny·assertion=perjury·testimony 诽谤·断言=伪证·证言(伪与正常)
assert·belabor=tend·fuss 断言·冗长的讨论=关心·过分关心(正常与过分)
【注:fuss,a show of flattering attention 例made a big fuss over his favorite niece】
(记)sert(= serere 加入)联想:加入自己的意见→主张 参考:insert 插入
assertive [ ] adj,过分自信的,有进取心的(Inclined to bold or confident assertion;
aggressively self-assured)
(类)obsequious·servile=belligerent·assertive 谄媚的·卑屈的=好战的·有进取心的
【注:谄媚表现为卑屈过头,好战表现为进取心过头】
(反)brassy ◆ unassertive 厚脸皮的 ◆ 谦逊的
【注:unassertive,not assertive:MODEST,SHY】
(同)aggressive,assertory,militant,pushful,pushing,pushy,self-assertive
(记)来自 assert 断言 联想:过于断定的→过于自信
assess [] v,估价,评价(to determine the importance,size,or value of)
(类)assess·value=plumb·depth 评价·价值=测水深·深度(动作与其相关对象)
(派)assessor n,技术顾问,估价者
asset [] n.资产,资源
assiduous [] adj.勤勉的,专心的(diligent)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·勤勉 (反面特征)
(反)remiss 玩忽职守的 desultory 散漫的 slipshod 草率的
(记)as+sid(坐)→久坐不动的→勤勉的 参考:preside(主持)
assimilate [ ] v,吸收,,同化
(记)simil相同→使相同→同化 参考:simulate 伪装,模仿
assuage [] vt,缓和,减轻 (ease;lessen pain)
(反)gall 使生气 inflame 激怒 intensify 加强 exacerbate 恶化 incite煽动
(记)suage(= sweet)→使味道甜→使苦味得到缓和→缓和,减轻
assume [] vt,接受(receive),承担(undertake)
(反)abdicate ◆ assume 放弃 ◆ 接受
assume ◆ refuse/ reject 接受 ◆ 拒绝
usurp ◆ assume rightfully 篡权 ◆ 正当的就职
(记)sume(拿,取)联想:拿来→接受 参考:consume消费;assumed假定的,假装的
asterisk [ ] n.星号(the mark *)
astounding [] adj,令人惊骇的(causing astonishment or amazement)
(类)indelible·forget=astounding·expect 难忘的·忘记=出乎意料的·预期(难以)
astound·wonder=appall·horror 使吃惊·奇迹=使惊骇·恐怖(前果后因)
(记) as-=ex- 加强语气+tound=thunder雷声 联想:雷声使人惊骇。参考:astonish 使震惊
astray [] adv,迷途地,入歧途地
astringent n,收敛剂 adj,收敛的
(类)astringent·pucker=coagulant·congeal 收敛剂·收缩=凝结剂·凝结
astringent·contraction=anesthetic·insensibility 收敛剂·收缩=麻醉剂·无知觉
astringent·pucker=spark·ignition 收敛剂·收缩=火花·点火
(记)a(表否定)+string=绳子,延伸(to stretch out or extend)string→不伸展→收缩。
astrology n,占星术
(类)astrology·astronomy=alchemy·chemistry 占星术·天文学=炼金术·化学(伪与正常)
(记)astro-(前缀,表示“星,天体,宇宙”)参考:astronaut 宇航员;astral星状的
astute [] adj,机敏的,狡猾的(having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity)
(反)fatuous ◆ astute 愚笨的 ◆ 机敏的
asunder adv,分离(into parts)
(反)asunder ◆ in a piece 分离 ◆ 一整片
(记)a+sunder(谐音:“散的”)→弄散→分离;注意这种a+动词构成副词的用法;如:astray
(例)torn asunder撕开
asylum [] n,收容所(place of refuge or shelter;protection)
(类)refugee·asylum 难民·避难所
asymmetrical [] adj,不匀称的,不对称的(not of equal size or similar shape)
(类)circular·asymmetrical=protean·rigid 圆形的·不对称的=变化多端的·僵硬死板的
(记)a(表否定)+symmetrical(对称的)
atone [] v,赎罪,补偿,弥补(make amends for;pay for,expiate)
(类)guilt·atonement=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息(消除关系)
(记)a+tone 谐音:一桶;联想用一桶金来赎罪。
atrocious [] adj,残忍的,极恶的(extremely wicked,brutal,or cruel)
(类)atrocious·bad=momentous·important 极恶的·恶的=极重要的·重要的(程度)
(同)outrageous,desperate,heinous,monstrous
(记)谐音:抽射;联想足球运动员凶狠的抽射。
atrophy adj,萎缩的(wasting away)
(例) Polio victims need physiotherapy to prevent the atrophy of affected limbs.
小儿麻痹症患者需要物理疗法防止病肢萎缩。
(记)a(无)+trophy(营养,奖品)→无营养→萎缩。
attenuate [] v,变薄,变弱,削弱(to lessen the amount,magnitude,or value of)
(类)attenuate·force=decelerate·speed=collapse·volume
减弱·力量=减速·速度=倒塌,崩溃·体积
attenuate·thickness=enervate·vitality=cool·temperature=blunt·sharpness
使变稀薄·浓度=使虚弱·活力=冷却·温度=钝化·锐利
attenuate·force=simplify·complexity=debase·value=retrenchment·money
减弱·力量=简化·复杂=降低价值·价值=削减·开支
(记)tenu 细,薄 参考:tenuous adj,纤细的 区别:sinuous 蜿蜒的 extenuate 减轻
auction [ ] n.拍卖
(记)auc=aug提高 参考:augment提高 联想:拍卖就是为了提高价格。
audacious [] adj,大胆的,愚勇的(intrepidly daring)
(类)audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·恐惧=说话简洁的·口若悬河(反义)
audacious·caution=inedible·food 卤莽的·谨慎=不能食用的·食物(反面特征)
(反)circumspect 小心的(干扰:unscrupulous行为不检点的) timid 胆小的
(记)au 谐音(傲)+ da 谐音“大”→傲、大→骄傲自大→大胆的
audition n,试听(a trial performance to appraise an entertainer's merits)
(类)interview·applicant=audition·actor 面试·申请者=试听·演员
(记)audit 听 参考:audible 听得见的;auditorium 大讲堂 audit 审计
augur [] n,预言家 v,占卜,预测(to make predictions from signs or omens)
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret=augur·predict
仲裁者·调解=翻译者·翻译=占卜者·预言
maven·experience e=luminary·eminence=pundit·opine
专家·经验=权威者·显赫=博学者·发表意见
worship·sacrifice=prediction·augury
尊崇·献祭=预言·占卜 【注:通过献祭表达尊崇;通过占卜进行预言】
(记)augur=august(八月)联想:八月天气多变→八月的天气难以预测→预言家,占卜
august [ ] adj.令人敬畏的,威严的(majestic,venerable) n.八月
(记)来自奥古斯都大帝;古时将八月称为奥古斯都(月)Augustus
auspice [ ] n,预兆,吉兆(a favorable sign)赞助,支持(kindly patronage and guidance)
auspicious [] adj,吉兆的;幸运的;顺利的(affording a favorable auspice)
(反)boding ill 不吉祥的 untoward 不幸的 unfavorable 不顺利的 ominous不吉利的
(同)favorable,benign,fortunate,propitious,lucky
(记)由spi 联想spider蜘蛛;中国传说看到蜘蛛代表吉兆。
austere [] adj,朴素的(markedly simple or unadorned)
(类)abstemious·indulge=【austere·decorate】有节制的·放纵=【简朴的·修饰】干扰选项
参考:2002/7:timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity反义【干扰:austere·decorate】
laconic·speech=austere·design 简洁的·演讲=朴素的·设计(形容词修饰名词)
imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=简朴的·简朴的(同义)
(反)baroque 结构复杂的 lavish 浪费的

authentic [ ] n,确实的,真实的(not false or imitation,real,actual)
(类)genuine·authenticity=entire·integrity 真实的·真实性=完整的·完整(形名同义)
discompose·pacific=fabricate·authentic 使不安·平静的=伪造·真实的
authenticity·fraudulent=sincerity·hypocritical 真实·欺诈的=真诚·伪善的
(反)spuriousness◆authenticity 伪造,欺骗◆真实
semblance◆authentic article 伪装◆真实的物品
authentic ◆ bogus 真实的◆伪造的
(记)来自author 作家,作者;过去人们认为作家的话是真实可信的;也是权威的(authority 权威)
(派)authenticate vt,证明,证实,鉴定
(例)authenticate the authorship of an old poem 证实某古诗为某人所作
authority [] n,权威(power to influence thought,opinion,or behavior)
(类)authoritative·acceptance=conspicuous·attention
权威的·接受=出众的·注意力(易于)
authoritativeness·pundits=allegiance·partisans
权威性·博学者=忠诚·教徒(正面特征)
contumacious·authority=conservative·novelty
不听命令的·权威=保守的·新颖(前者否定后者)
recalcitrant·authority=reactionary·change
顽抗的·权威=保守的·改变(前者否定后者)
(记)与authentic比较,两者中间一个是en 联想zhen(真)一个是or联想嘴(权威靠嘴说)
参考:authorize授权
autocracy [] n,独裁政府(government in which a person possesses unlimited power)
(类)pundit·knowledge=autocracy·power
博学者·知识=独裁者·权利(前者拥有无限的后者)
(记)auto(自己)+cracy(统治)→自己统治→独裁
autonomy [] n,自治(the quality or state of being self-governing)
(反)autonomy◆dependence 自治◆独立
(记)auto(自动)+nomy(命名)自己给自己命名 联想:独立。
(派)autonomous adj,自治的(having the right or power of self-government)
avarice [] n,贪财,贪婪(excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain)
(类)avarice·money=gluttony·food 贪婪·钱=贪吃·食物(动作及其相关对象)
stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 冷静的难扰乱=贪婪的难满足
(反)avarice ◆ generosity 贪婪 ◆ 慷慨 (干扰:sobriety 节制)
contented ◆ avaricious 满足的 ◆ 贪婪的
(记)由avarice联想every 进一步联想:每一个都想要,够贪婪的
aver v,断言(to declare positively)证明(to verify to be true in pleading a cause)
(反)aver ◆ deny 证明 ◆ 否认
aversion [] n,嫌恶,憎恨,反感(firm dislike)
(类)aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiration 厌恶·不喜欢=奉承·称赞(褒贬程度)
(反)propensity/ penchant/ inclination/ proclivity 偏好,喜欢 affinity 喜好 court 献殷勤
avert [ ] v,防止,避免;(AVOID)转移(目光等)为避免
(例)averted an accident by turning sharply,迅速转弯防止事故的发生
avid [] adj,热切的(characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit)
(类)reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·尊敬=热望·热心(同义)
(反)avid ◆ indifferent 热切的 ◆ 冷谈的,漠然的
(记)比较arid 干燥 联想:干燥由炎热而来→热切的
avow [ ] v,坦率承认,坦白
avulse [] vt,撕脱(to separate by avulsion)
(反)link 连接 suture 缝合
(记)a 分离+ vulse 撕断→斯脱
awash [] adj,浸满水的(covered with water)
(反)awash ◆ dry 浸满水的 ◆ 干燥的
(记)联想wash(用水洗)→浸满水的
awe [] n./ v 敬畏(an emotion variously combining dread,veneration,and wonder )
(类)redoubtable·regard/ awe=despicable·scorn 令人敬畏的·敬畏=可鄙的·鄙视 (因果)
(反)awe ◆ Irreverence 敬畏◆不尊敬
(记)与音似的owl 猫头鹰一起记→猫头鹰让人敬畏
awkward [] adj,笨拙的(lacking dexterity or skill)
(类)craven·admirable=【deft·awkward】疑为干扰选项怯懦的·令人钦佩的(反面特征)灵巧的·笨拙的(反义关系)
参考:maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=冗长的·简洁的(反义)
(反)svelte ◆ paunchy and awkward 苗条的,瘦的 ◆ 大腹便便且笨拙的
(反)dexterous 灵巧的 lithe 优雅的
awl [] n,锥子,尖钻(a pointed tool for marking surfaces or piercing small holes)
(类)awl·pierce=pestle·hash 尖钻·刺穿=杵·碾碎 (后者是前者的功能)
(记)awl 变形为 law 联想:寻找法律的空隙钻进去。
awning [] n,雨篷,遮阳篷(a rooflike structure that serves as a shelter)
(类)awning·sun=umbrella·rain 遮阳蓬·太阳=雨伞·雨
awry [] adj,扭曲的,走样的(deviating from a straight line or direction)
(反)orderly 有序的 aligned 成一行的

axiomatic [] adj.不证自明的,公理的(self-evident truth requiring no proof)
(反)controversial 争议性的
babble [] vt,胡说八道(to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds)
(类)babble·sense=parrot·originality 胡说八道·理性=鹦鹉学舌·创新(前缺乏后)
babble·talk=scribble·write 胡说八道·说=乱涂乱画·写(乱与正常)
(反)babble/ waffle ◆ express succinctly 闲聊,胡扯 ◆ 简洁地表达
(记)来自baby 婴儿呀呀学语;引申胡说八道。
backhanded [] adj,间接的,含沙射影的(indirect,devious;especially·sarcastic)
(反)backhanded ◆ forthright 间接的 ◆ 直接的
(记)backhand原义反手击球,引申为间接的

bacteria [] n,细菌,培养基
(类)bacteria·decomposition=yeast·fermentation 细菌造成腐烂=酵母造成发酵
bacterium·colony=citizen·nation 细菌·菌群=居民·国家(种属)
(反)host·parasite=medium·bacterium 寄主·寄生虫=细菌培养基·细菌
badge [] n,徽章(a device of membership in a society)标志(a characteristic mark)
(类)chevron·badge=caisson·cart v型袖章·徽章=载炮车·大车 (种属)
【注:chevron:a sleeve badge that usually consists of one or more v-shaped stripes
caisson:a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition】
badger [] vt,不断纠缠(to harass or annoy persistently)
(类)badger·bother=belabor·mention(干扰:persecute·injure)
不断纠缠·使烦恼=喋喋不休·提及(重复和正常)
(记)bad+ger(谐音“哥”)联想:坏哥哥不断纠缠。
badinage [] n,打趣,揶揄(playful repartee:banter)
(反)badinage ◆ serious discourse 打趣 ◆ 严肃的谈话
badinage ◆ sincere conversation 打趣 ◆ 严肃的交谈
badinage ◆ clear reference 揶揄 ◆ 清晰的指出
(记)bad+inage=image 想象→坏想象→下流的想象→黄段子→打趣,揶揄
bait [] v,折磨(to persist in tormenting or harassing another;badger)
(反)disarm 抚慰,使消除敌意 mollify 抚慰 (干扰:fortify 使坚强)
【注】bait implies wanton cruelty or delight in persecuting a helpless victim /baited the chained dog/
disarm,to overcome or allay the suspicion,hostility,or antagonism of
His smile disarmed us,他的微笑消除了我们的怒气。
(记)原义:饵,诱惑物。联想:以饵引诱(动物)→欺负,折磨(哎,动物真可怜)
bale [] n,极恶(great evil)v.痛苦,悲哀(woe,sorrow)
(反)bale ◆ mirth 悲哀 ◆ 高兴
(记)谐音“背”北方方言“点儿背”是遭遇不幸的意思→痛苦,灾祸
baleful [] adj,邪恶的,有害的(deadly or pernicious in influence)
(类)baleful·menace=solicitous·concern 邪恶的·邪恶=关切的·关心(形名同义)
(反)baleful ◆ beneficent 邪恶的 ◆ 仁慈的
balk [] vt,阻止(block)不肯前行,退缩(refuse to proceed)
(反)balk ◆ move ahead willingly 不肯前行 ◆ 欣然前行
(记)来自bar 栅栏,障碍物
balky [] adj,不肯前行的,倔强的(refusing to proceed;restive,wrongheaded)
(反)balky ◆ tractable 倔强的 ◆ 温顺的
balky ◆ acquiesce 不听话的 ◆ 默许
ballad [] n,民歌(a simple song)抒情民谣(a popular slow sentimental song)
(类)ballad·song=lyric·poem=comedian·actor 民谣·歌曲=抒情诗·诗歌=喜剧演员·演员
ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 民谣·诗节=小说·章节(组成)
【注】ballad:a narrative poem consisting of simple stanzas 民谣就是一种叙事诗歌
(记)ball 舞会+lad(谐音:拉的)联想:舞会上拉的(曲子)→抒情民谣
ballast [] n,压舱物
(类)ballast·stability=truss/ girder·support=support 压舱物·稳定=托架/ 大梁·支撑
ballast·instability=purchase·slippage 压舱物·不稳=支点·滑动(前者防止后者)
(记)ball 球 一个小常识:船上的压舱物是大铁球。
ballet [] n,芭蕾舞(记)本身是音译词
(类)instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet 演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞
balloon v,膨胀(to swell or puff out)迅速增加(to increase rapidly)
(反)balloon ◆ decrease slowly 迅速增加 ◆ 缓慢减少 (记)balloon 原义气球
list 4 balm-------- byzantine
balm [] n,香膏(an aromatic preparation)安慰剂(a soothing restorative agency)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒·毒=安慰剂·刺激(前者消除后者)
(反)balm ◆ piquant/ irritant 香膏 ◆ 辛辣物/ 刺激物 
balmy ◆ inclement 温和的 ◆ 严酷的
balmy ◆ piquant 芬芳的 ◆ 辛辣的【注:balmy温和的(mild);芬芳的(fragrant)】
(记)与palm(手掌)一起记;宽大的手掌抚平心头的创伤。

banal [] adj,凡的,陈腐的(lacking originality,freshness,or novelty·trite)
(反)banal ◆ novel/ arresting 陈腐的 ◆ 有新意的/ 引人注意的
banality ◆ freshness 陈腐 ◆ 新鲜
banality ◆ original/ original expression 陈腐 ◆ 原创
(记)与banana一起记,香蕉容易腐烂。
band [ bAnd ] n.带子(flat,thin strip of material)收音机波段(range of frequencies)
bane n,祸根 (cause of ruin)
(反)bane ◆ blessing 祸根 ◆ 福根
【注:blessing福根(a thing conducive to happiness or welfare)】
(反)bane ◆ benefit 祸根 ◆ 益处
salubrious ◆ baneful 有益健康的 ◆ 非常有害的
【注:baneful 非常有害的(seriously harmful)】
(记)注意和bale灾难,痛苦区别。bane强调灾难造成的原因。
banish [] vt,驱逐(exile;to drive away;expel)
(类)evict·residence=banish·country 逐出·住宅=驱逐出·国家
(记)ban 禁止→禁止在这个国家停留→驱逐
banister [] n,栏杆的支柱,楼梯的扶栏(a handrail with its supporting posts)
(类)staircase·banister=garden·fence(干扰:curb·road)
楼梯·扶栏=花园·围墙(干扰:路边·路)
banquet [] n,盛宴(a sumptuous feast)
(类)author·novel=sculptor·marble(干扰:chef·banquet(厨师·宴会))
作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师:宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食物,宴会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble,a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品
banter [] v,善意的玩笑(to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner)
(类)playful·banter=exaggerated·hyperbole 玩笑的·玩笑=夸张的·夸张(形名同义)
(记)谐音:帮他。联想:用善意的玩笑来帮助他。
(例)The students enjoyed their teacher's bantering them about their mistakes.
同学们对老师用风趣的方式讲解他们的错误很感兴趣。
barb [] n,尖锐而严厉的批评(a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment)
(类)barb·caustic=pan·harsh 尖锐批评·尖刻的=严厉批评·严厉的
(记)barb 倒钩 联想:带钩带刺的,批评。
barbarous [] adj.野蛮的,残暴的,粗野的(mercilessly harsh or cruel)
(反)quiescent 安静的 civilized 文明的
(记)barbar(愚昧)+ous 联想:愚昧的→野蛮的
barefaced [] adj,公然的,无耻的(open,unconcealed)
(反)barefaced/ aboveboard ◆ surreptitious 公然的/ 光明正大的◆暗中的
bargain [] v,讨价还价(to negotiate over the terms of a purchase)
(类)debate·issue=bargain·price 争论·议题=讨价还价·价钱
(同)huckster(叫卖),palter(斤斤计较)
baroque [] adj,高度装饰的,过份雕琢的(highly ornate)
(反)baroque ◆ austere 过分修饰的 ◆ 简朴的
(记)由"巴洛克"艺术而来,讲究装饰。
barrage [] v,枪弹齐发n,连续质问
(类)barrage·explosives=deluge·rain 枪弹齐发·爆炸物=豪雨·雨
(例)the announcement was met with a barrage of protests这项声明遭遇了暴风骤雨般的抗议。
(记)bar(棒子)+ rage(疯狂)→棒子很疯狂→枪弹齐发
barrage 2 n,拦河坝,堰(artificial obstacle built across a river)
barren [] adj,不育的,贫瘠的(lacking vegetation)
(反)barren ◆ prolific 不育的 ◆ 大量繁殖的
(记)bar=bare(光秃的)→不孕的,贫瘠的
barricade v,阻碍 (to block off with a barricade)
(反)barricade ◆ permit passage 阻碍 ◆ 允许通过
(记)bar 栅栏,障碍
barter [] n,物物交换(to trade by exchanging one commodity for another)
(类)jog·exercise=barter·trade 慢跑·运动=以物易物·交易
correspond·letters=barter·commodities 通信·信=以物易物·商品
(记)barter 谐音:巴特尔 著名篮球运动员 联想:巴特尔被交换到NBA
base [] adj,卑鄙的,低级的(lacking of higher qualities of mind or spirit)
(同)virtuous 品德高尚的 noble 高贵的 sublime 崇高的 patrician 贵族的
baseboard [] n,护壁板,脚板(a molding covering the joint of a wall)
(类)veneer·furniture=baseboard·wall 木片·家具=护壁板·墙
batch [] n,一炉、一批一次烘烤出来的数量(an amount produced at one baking)
(类)batch·cookie 一炉·甜饼 不确定答案compound·element化合物·元素
(例)a batch of cookies,一炉小甜饼
bathetic [] adj,平凡的,陈腐的(exceptional commonplaceness)
(反)offbeat◆bathetic 离奇的◆平庸的
(记)bath 洗澡 联想:洗澡目的是什么,当然是洗去陈腐的东西
bawdy [] adj,猥亵的(indecent,lewd)
(反)bawdy◆decorous 猥亵的◆有品位的
(记)谐音:body 身体。猥亵的人对女人的body 不怀好意。
beatitude [ ] n.至福,祝福
(记)beat幸福 参考:beatific快乐的,幸福的
bedeck [] vt,装饰,修饰(to clothe with finery)
(反)bedeck◆strip 装饰◆剥去 
(记)deck 除甲板的意思外,还有装饰的意思。
bedizen [] v,穿着俗丽,打扮俗气(to adorn,especially in a cheap,showy manner)
(记)dizen 穿着俗丽 参考:dizzy 眼花缭乱;联想:穿着花哨俗丽让人眼花缭乱。
befuddle [ ] vt,使迷惑,使为难;使酒醉昏迷
(例)John is very amusing when he is completely befuddled.
当约翰喝得完全糊涂了的时候,他非常有趣儿。
beget [ ] vt.招致,产生,引起(to cause to exist or occur; produce)
begrudge [ ] vt,嫉妒,羡慕,吝啬舍不得给
(记)grudge不愿给,嫉恨
beholder [] n.目睹者,旁观者(behold v,目睹,看到)
beholden [ ] adj,欠人情的(being under obligation for a favor or gift)
(例)I'm beholden to you 我欠你的人情。
belabor [] vt,冗长的解释(to explain or insist on excessively)
(类)assert·belabor=tend·fuss 断言·冗长的讨论=关心·过分关心 (正常与过分)
(记)be+labor(劳作) 联想:不断劳作→过分地做或说
belch [ ] v,打嗝,喷出
(例)A volcano belches smoke and ashes,火山喷出烟和灰。
beleaguer [] vt,使困扰,使烦恼(trouble,harass)围攻
(反)beleaguer ◆ delight 使烦恼 ◆ 使愉悦
(记)be+leaguer(盟员,会员)→成为会员 联想:成为坏组织的成员后让他很苦恼
belie [] v,掩饰,证明为假(to show something to be false or wrong)
(反)belie◆affirm/ confirm/ show to be correct 证明为假◆确认/ 证明为真
(记)lie 谎言 两个方面联想:1,不承认是谎言→掩饰 2,想证明其是谎言→证伪
bellicose [] adj,好战的,好斗的(inclined to start quarrels or wars)
(类)imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable 傲慢的·卑屈的=好战的·和平的
(反)bellicose◆appeasing 和平的/ inclined to make pease 和平的/ conciliatory 调和的
(记)bell(=war 战争)→好战的 参考:rebel/ rebellion(叛乱)
belligerent [ ] a,交战的,好战的
(反)belligerent ◆ peaceful 好战的◆爱好和平的
belligerent ◆ conciliatory 好战的◆调和的
bellwether n,领导者,群众的首领 (one that serves as a leader)
(类)bellwether·leadership=advisor·consultant 领导者·领导层=顾问·顾问
(记)bell(战争)+wether 公羊→战时的公羊→领导者
bemused [] a,困惑的,发呆的(bewildered)
(记)muse 沉思,苦思冥想→陷入苦思冥想中→困惑的
bend [] vi,弯曲,屈服(to make submissive·subdue,compromise)
(类)bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant 弯曲·刚硬=下沉·浮起(反义)
benediction [] n,祝福(the invocation of a blessing)
(反)curse ◆ benediction 诅咒,咒语 ◆ 祝福
(记)bene 好,善+dict 说→ 说好话→祝福
beneficent [] adj,仁慈的;有益的(doing or producing good)
(类)beneficent·harm=tenacious·yield 有利的不会伤害=顽固的不会屈服
philanthropist·beneficence=comedian·humor 慈善家仁慈=喜剧演员幽默
(反)noxious ◆ beneficial 有害的 ◆ 有益的,有用的
toxic ◆ beneficial 有毒的 ◆ 有益的
(记)bene 好,善+fic 做→ 做好事→仁慈;参考:benefactor n,捐助人,施主
benign [] adj.(病)良性的,仁慈的(showing kindness and gentleness)
(反)benignant ◆ vicious 仁慈的◆恶毒的
(记)ben(=bene好)→仁慈的
bent [] n,天赋,天才(a special inclination or capacity:talent);倾向,爱好(bias)
(反)bent ◆ ineptitude 天赋 ◆ 无能
bequest [] n,遗产,遗赠 (something bequeathed:legacy)
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 传家宝·祖先=遗产·立遗嘱的人
(记)be(被)+ quest(寻求)联想:被寻求的东西→遗产 参考:bequeath v.遗赠
berate [] v,严责(to scold or condemn vehemently and at length)
(反)commend/ praise 称赞
(记)rate 除了比率,估价外,还有责骂的意思。
bereave [] vt 夺去;使丧失
(例)Anger bereft him of words.愤怒使他说不出话来。
beseech [] v,祈求,恳求(to request earnestly·implore)
(类)supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 恳求者·恳求=轻浮的人·轻浮的
(记)be+seech(=seek寻求)→寻求→恳求
beset [] vt 困扰(to trouble persistently;harass)围绕(surround)
(例)beset by worries / The project was beset with difficulties,
besiege [ ] vt.围困,围攻,包围
besmirch [] v,诽谤,玷污(sully,soil)
(反)besmirch ◆ honor 诽谤 ◆ 尊敬
(记)smirch n,污迹 v,弄脏
bespeak v,显示出,证明(INDICATE,SIGNIFY)预订(to hire,engage,or claim beforehand)
(例)her performance bespeaks considerable practice 她的表演显示出她曾大量的练习
betoken [] vt.预示(to be or give a sign信号or portent征兆of)
(记)token n.记号,象征
betray [] v,背叛,辜负;泄露,(非故意地)暴露,显露,表现
(例)Her hollow laugh betrayed her contempt for the idea,
她的大笑显示了她对此观点的蔑视
bewail [] v,悲悼,哀泣;表示悲叹
(例)bewailing the possible effects of double-digit unemployment
为可能是两位数的失业结果而悲叹
bewildering [] adj,令人困惑的,令人昏乱的
bibliography n,参考书目(a list of the works)
(类)list·bibliography=painting·portrait 目录·书目=画·肖象画(种属)
(记)biblio(书) 参考:bibliophile 藏书家
bibliophile [] n,爱书者,藏书家(a lover of books)
(类)bibliophile·books=gourmet·food 藏书家·书籍=美食家·食物
(记)biblio(书)+phile(爱)→爱书者
bibulous [] adj,嗜酒的,吸水力强的(如海棉)
bifurcate v,使分离(to cause to divide into two branches or parts)
(反)bifurcate◆validate/ coalesce 使分离◆使坚固/ 接合
(记)bi(两)+furc(fork叉)→分离。
bigot [] n,盲信者,狭隘者(a person obstinately devoted to his own opinions)
(类)bigot·tolerance=turncoat·constancy 狭隘者·容忍=背叛者·一致性(前缺乏后)
bigot·tolerance=liar·honesty 狭隘者·容忍=说谎者·诚实(前缺乏后)
bigot·dedication=rage·anger 盲信者·奉献=狂怒者·愤怒(程度)
bigoted·advice=conservative·change 顽固的·忠告=保守的·变迁(前者拒绝后者)
posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 装模作样者·不矫饰的=狭隘者·宽容的
bigot·tolerant=provincial·cosmopolitan 狭隘者·宽容的=乡下人·城市的
(同)enthusiast,bug,fanatic,fiend,maniac,zealot
(记)bigot(=by god 上帝作证)联想:什么事情都要让上帝作证→盲信者 参考:bigotry n.顽固
bilious [ ] a,胆汁质的,坏脾气的
(记)bile 胆汁,愤怒
bit [] n,钻头(the jaws of tongs or pincers)
(类)BIT,DRILL 钻头:钻
nut,bolt
nail,hammer
blade,razor
stapler,paper
chisel,stone
螺母:螺栓钉子:锤子刀锋:剃刀钉书机:纸凿子,刻刀:石头
答案:(C)
bizarre [] adj,怪诞的,异乎寻常的(strikingly out of the ordinary)
(记)来自bazaar集市
bland [] adj,没有味道的,不刺激的(not irritating·soothing)
(反)tangy ◆ bland 味道刺激的 ◆ 没有味道的
(同)balmy,suave,soft,smooth,gentle
(记)bland(=blank空白的)→味道空白→没有味道的
blandishment [ ] n,奉承,哄骗的话(something that tends to coax or cajole)
(类)blandishment·coax=medal·honor=threat·intimidate
哄骗的话语用来哄骗=奖牌代表荣誉=威胁的作用是胁迫
(反)blandishment ◆ threat 哄骗(软方法)◆ 威胁(手段强硬)
(同)flattery,adulation,allurement
(记)bland(温和)+ish(动作)→ 用温和的方法来哄骗
blasé [] adj,厌倦享乐的,冷漠的(bored with pleasure or dissipation)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blasé 吝啬鬼不慷慨=狂热者不冷漠
(同)disenchanted,unconcerned
blasphemy [] n,亵渎
blast [] n,一阵猛烈的强风(a violent gust of wind)
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 强风吹·轻轻吹=涌出·缓缓流出(程度)
blatant [] adj,喧哗的;非常明显的(completely obvious conspicuous,or obtrusive)
(类)ambiguous·understand=blatant·ignore 模棱两可的不容易理解=显著的不容易忽略
blatant·arresting=odious·disgusting 醒目的引人注意=讨厌的令人厌恶
(反)blatant◆inconspicuous 不明显的 unimpressive 不显眼的 subtle细微而不容易察觉的
(记)blat本身是一个词(喋喋不休)→喧哗的 参考:blatter 滔滔不绝地说
blazon [] n,纹章;卖弄(ostentatious display)v,刻纹章
(类)alliterate·remove=blazon·efface 头韵难以被删除=纹章难以被拭除
blazon·adorn=pillar·support 纹章用来装饰=柱子用来支持
(反)blazon◆efface 刻纹章◆抹掉
diffidence◆blazonness 缺乏自信而保守◆卖弄的显示
blemish [] v,损害n,缺点(to spoil by a flaw)
(类)blemish·impeccable=guile·artless 缺点·没有缺点的=狡诈·朴实的
anomaly·paradigmatic=blemish·flawless 异常·典范的=缺点·无缺点的
unequivocable·ambiguous=spotless·blemish 不含糊的·模糊的=无污点的·污点
(同)harm,hurt,spoil,vitiate,damage
(记)blem(损伤) 与problem一起记;有问题也就是有缺点。
blight [blaIt] vt,破坏,使枯萎;vi.枯萎
(反)blight ◆ flourish 枯萎 ◆ 茂盛(干扰:cause to energetic使精力旺盛)
【注:blight做枯萎意思时指植物,没有引申指人萎靡不振,而茂盛可指植物】
blighted ◆ hale/sound/ robust 枯萎的 ◆ 强壮的,健壮的
blighted ◆ unblemished 毁坏的,枯萎的 ◆ 无损坏的
(记)b(不的音)+light → 没有阳光就枯萎了
bliss [] n,极度快乐(complete happiness)
(类)dislike·loathing=pleasure·bliss 不喜欢·非常厌恶=快乐·极度快乐(程度)
(同)happiness,beatitude,blessedness
(记)bliss(发音为"不理事") → 不用做事很快乐
blithe [] adj,愉快的(of a happy lighthearted character or disposition)
(反)blithe ◆ grave 愉快的 ◆ 沉重的
blueprint n,蓝图,设计图,计划(a detailed plan or program of action)
(类)wood· carpenter=blueprint· architect 木头·木匠(设计图·建筑师人物及其工作对象)
bluff [] v,欺骗,愚弄;吓唬,虚张声势
(例)He's only bluffing,他只是虚张声势而已。
blunder [] n.大错(a gross error or mistake)v,犯大错
(类)protocol·blunder=bumper·damage 礼节防止犯大错=保险杆防止损坏
【注:bumper:保险杠a usually metal bar at either end of an automobile】
(同)boner,bungle,lapse,mistake,slip
(记)和plunder(抢劫)一起记。抢劫是大错。
blunt [] vt,使变钝(to make less sharp or definite)
(类)attenuation·strength=bluntness·sharpness 使浓度变稀薄=使锐利的变迟钝]
(反)blunt◆whet 使变钝◆磨快
(同)disedge,obtund,dull
blur [] v,使模糊(to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance;obscure)
(类)blur·definition=subjugate·independence 使模糊以消除清晰度=使屈服以消除独立性
(同)besmirch,discolor,smudge,stain,tarnish
blurb [] n,简短的公告a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)
(类)blurb·notice=gloss·explanation=cameo·appearance
简短公告·公告=简短解释·解释=简短表演·表演(前者是后者的简化版)
【注:gloss· a brief explanation ;cameo:Broadly:any brief appearance】
blurt [] vt,突然说出,冲动的说出(to utter abruptly and impulsively,usually used with out)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter 迅速飞过·移动=突然说出·出声(快·正常)
(同)exclaim,ejaculate
blush [] v,n,脸红(a reddening of the face especially from shame,modesty,or confusion)
(类)blush·embarrassment=smile·pleasure 因困窘而脸红=因高兴而微笑
bluster [] v.吵闹;狂妄自大地说或做(to be windy and boisterous)
(类)blustering·speak=swaggering·walk 狂妄的说话·说话=大摇大摆的走路·走路(种属)
bluster·loud=pontificate·pompous 吵闹·高声的=装模做样地说话·华而不实的
boast [] n,v,自夸(the act or an instance of boasting)
(同)blowhard·boastful=toady·obsequious 吹牛的人·自夸的=拍马屁的人·谄媚的
boast·pride=complain·discontent 夸耀·骄傲=抱怨·不满(前者表达后者)
boding [] n.前兆,特别是凶兆(an omen,prediction,or presentiment)
(类)auspicious ◆ boding ill 吉祥的 ◆ 凶兆的
(同)ominous,ill-omened,inauspicious,unpropitious
(记)bode(预示)+ing → 前兆,凶兆
bodyguard [] n,警卫(a usually armed attendant whose duty is to protect a person)
(类)bodyguard·person=soldier·country 警卫保护人=士兵保卫国家
(记)body(身体)+guard(受到保护)→ 警卫
boggle v,因为怀疑,恐惧而犹豫(to hesitate because of doubt,fear,or scruples)
(类)boggle ◆ embolden 犹豫 ◆ 使大胆
(同)balk,demur,scruple,stumble
bogus [ ] adj,假冒的,伪造的(spurious)
bohemian [ ] adj,放荡不羁的,波希米亚的 n.吉普赛人
(记)源自波希米亚(该地居住着不同于世俗生活方式的吉卜赛人)
boisterous [] adj,吵闹的(noisily turbulent)
(类)boisterous ◆ quiet 吵闹的 ◆ 安静的
(同)vociferous,blatant,clamorous
(记)boister(吵闹的)+ ous → 吵闹的
bolster [] 支持(a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support)
(类)bolster·support=tackle·hoist 支撑物用来支撑=吊索用来提升(事物及其作用)
(反)thwart ◆ foment/ foster/ bolster 阻挠 ◆ 煽动/鼓励/支持
bolster ◆ decrease support of 支持 ◆ 减少支持
bolster ◆ undermine 支持 ◆ 破坏
(同)support,brace,buttress,prop,uphold
bombast [] n,夸大的言辞(pretentious inflated speech or writing)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 荒谬的·胡言乱语=夸大的·夸大的言辞
bombast·pompous=tirade·critical 夸大的话·夸大的=长篇攻击性的演说·批评的
(反)bombast ◆ down to earth language 夸大的言辞 ◆ 实事求是的话
bombastic ◆ understated 夸大的 ◆ 不夸张的,朴素的
bombastic ◆ unpretentious 夸大的 ◆ 谦逊的
(同)fustian,rodomontade,rant,rhapsody,rhetoric
(记)bomb+ast→说话像炸弹,很夸张
bonhomie [] n.温和,和蔼(good-natured easy friendliness)
(类)genial·bonhomie=diplomatic·tact 温和的·温和 =老练的·老练(形名同义)
(记)bon(好的)→ 温和的
bonus [] n,奖金,红利
(类)bonus·employee=decoration·soldier 奖金·雇员=勋章·战士(奖励关系)
boo [] v,嘘(表示不满或嘲笑)(express contempt,scorn,or disapproval of by booing)
(反)snare ◆ boo 诱捕,诱惑 ◆ 嘘,轰赶
【注:诱惑是往里面拉;嘘是往外头赶】
boon [] n,恩惠,福利(benefit,favor)
(反)boon ◆ misfortune 恩惠 ◆ 灾祸
(同)gift,benevolence,largess
boor [] n.迟钝的人,粗野的人(a rude or insensitive person)
(类)insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 迟钝的·迟钝的人=淘气的·顽童
(反)boor ◆ civil person 粗人 ◆ 有修养的人
(记)boo(被嘲笑)→ 迟钝的人被嘲笑
boost [ ] v,推动,提高,增加
(例)We need to boost our spirits,我们需要鼓舞士气。
bootless [] adj,无用的 (useless,unprofitable)
(类)bootless·futility=effulgent·resplendence 无用的·无用的=辉煌的· 辉煌的
interesting·intriguing=bootless·futile 有趣的·有趣的=无用的·无用的
bootless·futility=void·empty 无用的·无用的=空的·空的
(记)参考:boot(靴子)
(同)futile,ineffective,useless,vain
bore [] vt.钻孔,厌倦 (to make a hole by or as if by boring)
(类)die · shaping=drill · boring 冲模用来整形=钻孔机用来打洞
food · hunger=stimulation · boredom 食物消除饥饿=刺激物消除厌倦
(反)entrance ◆ disappoint/ disgust/ repel/ repulse/ bore
使人入神的 ◆ 使失望/使厌恶/抵制/憎恶/使烦扰
(同)ennui,pall,tire,weary
bound [] n,限制(to confine,restrain,or restrict as if with bonds)
(类)boundless·limit=impeccable·flaw 无限制的·限制=没缺点的·缺点
boundless·extensive=interminable·lengthy 无限的·宽广的=无限的·冗长的(程度)
(反)boundless ◆ limited 没有限制的 ◆ 有限制的
boundary ◆ unrestrainedness 界限 ◆ 无限制

bouquet [] n,花束
(类)bouquet·flowers=woodpile·logs 花束·花=木料堆·圆木 (组成)
bouquet·flowers=constellation·star 花束·花=星座·星星 (组成)
boycott [] vt,联合抵制
(反)boycott ◆ patronize 抵制 ◆ 资助
bracing [] n.支持;adj.令人振奋的(giving strength,vigor,or freshness)
(反)bracing ◆ vapid 令人振奋的 ◆ 乏味的
denounce ◆ bracing 指责 ◆ 支持
(记)brace(支撑)+ing → 支持
(同)exhilarating,stimulating,tonic,vitalizing,animating
bracket [] n,支架,托架
(类)buttress·wall=bracket·shelf 扶壁用来支持墙壁=支架用来支撑架子
braid [breId] v.编织(made by intertwining three or more strands)
(类)grooved·striated=braided·stranded 开槽的·有条纹的=编织成的·梳成辫子的(同义)
brake [] n.刹车(to retard or stop by a brake)
(类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 转移·使转轨=减速·刹车(行为及其特定目的)
brake·decelerate=clamp·compression 刹车·减速=夹钳·压缩(行为及其后果)
【注:clamp,Any of various devices used to join,grip,support,or compress mechanical or
structural parts,某种设备用来连接、抓住、支持或压缩结构性的部件】
(同)hinder,bar,block,impede,obstruct

brash [] adj 轻率的,仓促的(done in haste without regard for consequences)
(类)frivolous·gravity=brash·discretion 琐碎的·重大=轻率的·慎重周到
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 坦白·托词=仓促的·深思熟虑的
(同)rash,hasty,incautious,inconsiderate,reckless,thoughtless
brassy [] adj,厚脸皮的 ,不知羞耻的(being shamelessly bold)
(反)diffident 羞怯的 furtive 秘密的 humble 谦逊的unassertive 谦逊的
(记)brass(铜的)+y → 铜的皮很厚→ 厚脸皮
(同)shameless,barefaced,brazen,brazenfaced,impudent,unabashed
brattish [] adj,小孩被宠坏的;淘气的,无礼的(ill-mannered annoying)
(类)tightfisted·parsimonious=brattish·mischievous
吝啬的·吝啬的=宠坏的·恶作剧的(同义)
(记)brat(小孩,顽童)+tish → 小朋友比较淘气
bravado [ ] n,假装勇敢,虚张声势
(类)courageous·bravado=complimentary·fulsomeness
勇敢的·虚张声势=称赞的·不真诚的称赞(褒贬)
【注:fulsome:offensively flattering or insincere,令人不快地恭维的或不真诚的
例:He was too fulsome in his praise,他的赞美太虚假。】
bravura [] n,出色的表演(a show of daring or brilliance)
(类)bravura·performance=resplendent·appearance 出色的表演·表演=华丽的外表·外表
brazen [] adj.厚颜无耻的(marked by contemptuous boldness)
(类)impudence·brazen=deadpan·impassive 厚颜无耻·厚颜无耻的=无表情的脸·冷漠的
(反)brazen ◆ modest 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 谦虚的
brazen ◆ self effacing 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 害羞的
brazen ◆ diffident 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 缺乏自信的
(记)brass(厚脸皮的)+en → 厚颜无耻的
(同)shameless,barefaced,brazenfaced,impudent,unabashed
breach [] v,使破裂,破坏(to make a breach in)
(类)breach·continuity=disturb·repose 破坏连续性 =扰乱休息(动宾关系)
(反)breach ◆ solder 破裂 ◆ 焊合
(同)break,fissure,fracture,rupture
breezeway [] n,有屋顶的通路
(类)breezeway·building=stairway·floor 有屋顶的通路·建筑物=楼梯·楼层(事物及相关对象)
brevity [] n.简短,简洁(shortness or conciseness of expression)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 格言比较简短=滑稽模仿比较歪曲
exaggeration·caricature=brevity·epigram 讽刺画通常比较夸张=箴言通常比较简短
(反)brevity ◆ lengthiness 简短 ◆ 冗长
(记)bret(短的)+ ity → 简短
(同)conciseness,shortness
bribe [] v,& n,贿赂,收买(to induce or influence by or as if by bribery)
(类)bribe·incorruptible=affect·insensible 不腐败的的不会行贿=无知觉的的不会感动
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bridle [] v,限制(to restrain,check,or control with or as if with a bridle)
(类)bridled ◆ without restraint 受限制的 ◆ 没有限制的
brisk [] adj,活泼的(keenly alert)
(反)brisk ◆ ponderous 活泼的 ◆ 沉闷的
【注:ponderous,lacking grace or fluency 缺乏优雅和连贯,沉闷的】
(记)b+risk(冒险)→ 敢冒险的比较活泼
(同)agile,active,lively,sprightly,spry

bristle [] v.怒发冲冠(to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance)
(类)bristle·anger=vacillate·unresolution 怒发冲冠·愤怒=忧郁不定·不坚决(动名同义)
干扰:(condone·mercy)(condemn·warning)
(反)bristle ◆ cower 怒发冲冠 ◆ 畏缩
(同)anger,boil,burn,fume,rage,seethe
(记)bristle 原义鬃毛,因发怒鬃毛直立,被称作怒发冲冠。
brittle [] adj,易碎的,脆弱的,易坏的(easily broken,cracked,or snapped)
(类)manifest·perceive=brittle·break 明显的容易认识到=易碎的容易破碎
(同)crisp,crumbly,crunchy,friable
(记)与bottle(瓶子)一起记,瓶子是容易碎的。
broach [] v.开启;开矿;论文开题(open up)
(反)broach ◆ close off 开启 ◆ 关闭
(记)与breach(缺口;突破)一起记,打开缺口。
bromide [] n.陈腐的意见(a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion)
(类)equivocation·misleading=bromide·hackneyed
模棱两可的话·易引起误解的=陈腐的意见·陈腐的(正面特征)
(反)bromide ◆ unhackneyed 陈腐的 ◆ 新奇的
(同)commonplace,banality,platitude,tag
brook [] v,(只用于否定句)忍受,容许;(to stand for ;tolerate)n,小河
(反)brook ◆ refuse to tolerate 容忍 ◆ 拒绝忍受
(例)He would brook no interruptions,他不容许别人打岔。
browbeat [] vt,威吓(to intimidate by a stern manner or arrogant speech)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓
(记)brow(眉毛)+beat(打架)→ 皱起眉毛进行恐吓
(同)intimidate,bluster,bully,cow
bruit [] vt,散播(to noise abroad)
(反)bruit ◆ keep secret 散播 ◆ 保持秘密
(同)declare,announce,annunciate,broadcast,proclaim,promulgate
buck [] v,反对(to refuse assent;balk)
(反)buck ◆ assent to 反对 ◆ 赞成
(同)oppose,resist,dispute,repel,traverse
bucolic [] adj,乡村的,田园的(relating to or typical of rural life)
(类)hovel·palatial=city·bucolic 小屋·宏伟的=城市·乡村的
palatial·hovel=bucolic·metropolis 宏伟的·小屋=乡村的·大都市
(反)bucolic ◆ urban 乡村的 ◆ 都市的
bucolic ◆ sophisticated 乡土的 ◆ 世故的
(记)buc(牛)+olic(养)→ 养牛的→乡村
(同)rural,countrified,outland,pastoral,rustic
budge [] vi,移动(move;shift)退让 (to give way;yield)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让
vagary·predict=diehard·budge 奇特行为是难以预知的=顽固的人是难以退让的
buffoon [] n.小丑(a ludicrous figure;clown)
(类)ludicrous·buffoon=dissolute·libertine=humorous·wag
滑稽的·小丑=放纵的·放荡的人=幽默的·搞笑者
inexperience·neophyte=ludicrous·buffoon 缺乏经验·新手 =滑稽·小丑
(记)谐音“布冯” 意大利守门员,这次世界杯的表演象小丑一样。
bulge [] n,凸出部分(a protuberant or swollen part or place)
(反)bulge ◆ depressed region 凸出部分 ◆ 凹陷部分
bulk [] n.(巨大)体积,容量;主体,绝大部分
(记)The great bulk of necessary work can never be anything but painful
大量必须做的工作真令人痛苦
bully [] n,欺凌弱小者(one habitually cruel to others who are weaker)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓
bully·intimidate=stupid·gullibility 欺凌弱小者善于威吓=笨人容易上当
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 破坏·颠覆=暴力·威吓(前是后的手段)
【注:bull n.公牛 v.暴力行事(to act on with violence)】
(反)underdog ◆ bully 被欺负的人 ◆ 欺凌弱小者
(同)browbeater,harrier,hector,intimidator
v.碰(伤),撞(破),颠簸
bump [ ] v,碰撞,冲撞 (bumper汽车保险杠)
bumptious [] adj,傲慢的,自夸的(presumptuously,noisily self-assertive)
(类)impetuous·vacillation=dour·geniality=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的人不会犹豫=严厉的人不亲切=傲慢的人不谦逊
bumptious·assertive=garish·colourful自大的·非常自信的=炫耀的·华丽的(褒贬程度)
干扰:(compendious·succinct)(exuberant·happy)
bungle [] vt.vi,办糟,失败(to act or work clumsily and awkwardly)
(反)bungle ◆ bring off 失败 ◆ 成功
(记)谐音:笨狗→把事情办糟
buoy [] vt.支撑 (support;uplift)
(反)buoyed ◆ unsupported 支撑的 ◆ 没有支持的
(同)support,bolster,prop,sustain,uphold
buoyant [] adj.有浮力的(capable of floating),快乐的(cheerful,gay) (类)bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant 坚硬的不会弯曲=有浮力的不会沉
buoyant·sink=insoluble·dissolve 有浮力的不会下沉=不溶的不会溶解
buoyant·float=heavy·drop 有浮力的·漂浮=重的·落下(前者容易实现后者)
(反)buoyant ◆ hangdog /aggrieved 快乐的 ◆ 垂头丧气的/ 痛苦的
buoyant ◆ leaden 轻快的 ◆ 沉重的
(同)bouncy,effervescent,resilient,volatile
burgeon [] v,萌芽(to send forth new growth);迅速成长(to grow rapidly)
(类)grow·burgeon=beat·palpitate 成长·生长=跳动·跳动(同义)
(反)wither,subside,subdue,wane,waste away 衰退
(同)increase,augment,expand,heighten,multiply,
(记)bur(谐音:播)+ geon(=germ 种子,萌芽,细菌)→播种子→萌芽,迅速生长
参考:the germ of a project,计划的雏形
burlesque [] n,讽刺的嘲笑(mockery usually by caricature)滑稽戏
(类)diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 恶骂·辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑·嘲笑(同义)
doggerel·verse=burlesque·play 打油诗·诗=滑稽的戏剧·戏剧(种属)
burra[ wool ] 源自 burra[ 模糊的
burnish [] v,擦亮,磨光(to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 失去知觉·无知觉的=磨光·有光泽的
burnish·dull=mar·flawless 磨光·暗淡的=损坏·无缺点的(前者消除后者)
(记)burn(烧)+ish → 烧热了会发亮
(同)polish,furbish,gloss,rub,shine
burrow [] n,动物所掘的洞(hole)
(类)ditch·canyon=burrow·cavern 沟·峡谷=地洞·大洞(程度)
(记)bu(谐音:扒)+ row(排)→一排一排的扒→兔子扒的洞
bust [] v,使破产或资金短缺(run out of money)n,半身像,妇女胸部
(例)often,the promise of a high-tech design leads to a weapon that busts the budget
一项高技术设计方案的承诺常是导致预算短缺的元凶
butter [] n,黄油
(类)butter·margarine=sugar·saccharin 黄油·人造黄油=糖·糖精(天然·人造)

buttress [] n,扶墙 vt,支持
(类)strut·wing=buttress·wall 支杆用来支持机翼=扶墙用来支持墙壁
buttress·edifice=splint·limb 扶墙用来支持大厦=夹板用来支持四肢
(反)contravene ◆ buttress 反对 ◆ 支持
challenge ◆ buttress 质疑 ◆ 支持
【注:challenge,to take exception to; call into question; dispute:表示异议;质疑;争议】
(同)support,bolster,brace,prop,sustain,uphold
(记)butt=bout 原义抵抗。后发展为两个方向 1、bout较量,回合 2、支持,支撑
bygone adj,过去的 n,过去的事
(例)Let bygones be bygones! 过去的事就让它过去吧!
byline [] n,标题下的署名
(类)article·byline=movie·credits 文章·作者署名=电影·演员署名
【注:credits:recognition by name of a person contributing to a performance as a film】
(记)by(=bi 第二)+line(行)→ 第二行写人名
byzantine [] n,诡计多端的(characterized by a devious manner of operation)
(反)byzantine ◆ straightforward 诡计多端的 ◆ 坦率的
(记)byzantine(拜占庭)→拜占庭人诡计多端
list 5 cabal-------- chagrin
cabal [] n,阴谋小集团(small group secretly united to promote their own interests)
(类)cast·actor=cabal·conspirator 剧团·演员=阴谋集团·阴谋家(组成)
cabal·association=plot·plan 阴谋小集团·协会=阴谋·计划(秘密与正常)
cabal·association=spat·quarrel 阴谋小集团·协会=小争吵·吵架(小与正常)
(同)plot,conspiracy,intrigue,machination,scheme
cabinet [ ] n,橱柜;内阁
cache [] n.隐藏处所(a hiding place used especially for storing provisions)
(类)cache·hoard=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处·储藏=顶峰·难以接近(后者是前者的特点)
(记)cache(电脑缓存)电脑缓存专门储藏信息
cacophony [] n,刺耳的声音(harsh or discordant sound)
(类)cacophony·sound=malodor·scent 刺耳的声音·声音=恶臭·气味
cacophony·voice=gaucherie·skill 刺耳的声音·语音=笨拙的·技能
cacophony·sound=glare·light 刺耳的声音·声音=耀眼的光·光
(反)cacophonous ◆ dulcet/ euphonious 刺耳的 ◆ 悦耳的/悦耳的
(记)caco(坏)+phony(声音)→声音不好
cadge [] v.行乞,乞求(beg,sponge)
(反)cadge ◆ earn 乞求 ◆ 赚得
cajole [] v.哄骗(to persuade with flattery especially when reluctance)
(类)blandishment·cajole=obstacle·impede 甜言蜜语·哄骗=障碍·阻止(同义)
wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 用甜言蜜语骗·诱骗=敲诈·强迫 (同义)
(同)coax,blandish,blarney,wheedle
calcify [] vi,钙化(to make inflexible or unchangeable)
(类)calcium·mineral=sugar·carbohydrate 钙·矿物质=糖·碳水化合物 (种属)
calcify ◆ make malleable /make pliant/ make more flexible 使钙化 ◆ 使柔顺,灵活
(记)calc(钙)+ify(化)→钙化
calibrate [] vt,测量,校准(to rectify,mark the graduations of)
(类)measure·dimensions·calibrate·diameter量·尺寸=确定口径·直径
(反)calibrated ◆ unstandardized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的
calibrated ◆ unsubstantialized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的
calligraphy [] n,书法(artistic,stylized,or elegant handwriting or lettering)
(类)calligraphy·scribble=sonnet·doggerel 书法·乱写=十四行诗·打油诗 (正常·乱)
(记)cali(=kalli 美丽)+graphy
callous [] adj.无情的,冷漠的(feeling no sympathy for others)
(类)callous·impassive=dupe·duplicity 冷漠的·冷漠的=欺骗·不诚实 (同义)
(反)callous ◆ sympathetic 无情的 ◆ 有同情心的
(同)coldhearted,heartless,obdurate,stony,uncompassionate,unemotional,
(记)callo 谐音“开了”+us 联想:老板动不动就开了我们→冷酷的,无情的
callow [] adj.未成熟的(lacking adult sophistication)
(类)frank·secretiveness=callow·maturity 坦白的·隐匿=未成熟的·成熟
apoplectic·calm=callow·mature 狂怒的·平静的=未成熟的·成熟
callow ◆ behaving with adult sophistication 年轻而无经验的 ◆ 行为富于经验的
(同)inexperienced,fresh,green,raw,unversed,young
callus [] n,皮肤的硬结,老茧(a thickening of area on skin)
(类)gully·erosion=callus·friction 小峡谷由冲蚀产生=老茧由摩擦产生
(记)call 传呼+us 联想:呼我们已经非常老土了,现在都用手机了→老土→老茧
calorie [] n,卡路里,热量单位
(类)watt·power =calorie·heat=decibel·sound=volt·electricity
瓦·功率=卡路里·热量=分贝·声音=伏·电流(事物及其度量单位)
heat·calories=liquid·gallons=distance·odometer
热量·卡路里=液体·加仑=距离·里程表
calumniate [] v,诽谤,中伤 (to utter maliciously false statements about)
(类)corroborate·evidence=calumniate·falsehood 用证据证明=用谎言诽谤
calumny·representation=perjury·testimony 中伤·陈述 =伪证·证词(假·正常)
(反)calumniate ◆ vindicate 诽谤 ◆ 辩护
calumnious ◆ flattering 中伤的 ◆ 谄媚的
calumny ◆ approbation 诽谤 ◆ 嘉许
(同)malign,defame,denigrate,slander,vilify
camaraderie [] n,友情(a spirit of friendly good-fellowship)
(反)camaraderie ◆ enmity 友情 ◆ 敌意
(记)来自camarade 同志
cameo [] n,小雕塑,特写
(类)peccadillo·offense=cameo·sculpture 轻罪·犯罪=小雕塑·雕塑(小·正常)
camouflage [] n,伪装(behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide)
(类)camouflage·deception=flattery·ingratiating 伪装为了欺骗=奉承为了逢迎
malinger·duty=camouflage·detection 装病以逃避工作责任=伪装防止被发现
(记)ca+mou+flag+e→开始+蒙上+旗子,为了伪装
canard [ ] n,谣传,误传
(类)aspersion·discredit=canard·deceive 诽谤·玷辱=谣言·欺骗(行为与目的)
(记)can+nard(能拿)联想:GRE考1600分“能拿”奖学金是“谣言”
candor [] n,坦白,直率,诚挚(unreserved,honest,or sincere expression)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 坦白·托词=仓促·深思熟虑
(反)artifice ◆ candor计谋 ◆ 直率
mendacity ◆ candor谎言 ◆ 诚挚的话
(记)cand(白)+or(状态)→ 白的状态→坦白 参考:candid adj,坦率的;公正的
canny [ ] adj,谨慎的,精明的,节约的(clever,shrewd;prudent)
canon [] n,圣典(a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council)
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy 信仰要求虔诚=圣典要求正统
(反)canonical ◆ heterodox / nontraditional 正统的 ◆ 非正统的/非传统的
canon ◆ apocrypha 正典 ◆ 伪经
canonical ◆ nontraditional 传统的 ◆ 不符合传统的
(同)law,decree,ordinance,precept,regulation,rule,statute
(记)日本佳能公司的商标名。与cannon 大炮区别。
canopy [] n.蚊帐,遮篷(a protective covering;awning,marquee)
(类)canopy·cover=tag·identify 遮篷用以遮盖=标签用以识别
(记)由cannon(大炮)联想歇后语:大炮打蚊子——大材小用。
cant n 隐语,黑话,行话
(记)联想can’t 不能;不能听懂的话→隐语,黑话
cantata [ ] n.清唱剧,大合唱
canvas [] n,帆布,画布(a piece of cloth framed as a surface for a painting)
(类)canvas·painter=marble·sculptor 画布·油画家=大理石·雕塑家(前是后的工作用具)
easel·canvas=tripod·camera 画架支撑画布=三角架支撑照相机(前者支撑后者)
canvass [] v,细查;民意调查(to conduct a survey of (public opinion))
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特征)
canyon [] n,峡谷(a deep narrow valley with steep sides)
(类)ditch·canyon=burrow·cavern 沟渠·峡谷=小山洞·大山洞 (小和大)
capitulate [] v,投降(surrender) 不再抵制(to cease resisting·acquiesce) (反)capitulate ◆ resist / oppose 不再抵制 ◆ 抵制 / 反对
(同)yield,cave,defer,submit,succumb
caprice [] n.反复无常,善变(a sudden,impulsive notion or action)
(类)caprice·whimsical=stealth·furtive=discontent·unsatisfied
反复无常· 反复无常的=秘密行动·偷偷摸摸的=不满·不满意的(名形同义)
impromptu·rehearsal=apophasis·claim=caprice·deliberate
即席演出·排练=故抑其词·断言=反复无常·深思熟虑 (反义)
capricious·whim=objective·fact 善变·善变的=客观的·事实的(同义)
caprice·whimsical=insight·discerning 善变·善变的=洞察力·有洞察力的 (同义)
caprice·whimsical=insight/foresight·prudent 任性·反复无常的=洞察力·明智的
(反)caprice ◆ confirmation 善变 ◆ 确认
(反)steadfast /constant 固定不变的 pertinacious 固执的 resolute 坚决的
(同)crank,freak,vagary,whim,whimsy
(记)根据price联想,价格的变化是反复无常的。
captivate [] vt.着迷(to influence by special charm with an irresistible appeal) (反)captivate ◆ repulse 着迷 ◆ 厌恶
(记)captive(俘虏)+ate →被俘虏了→着迷
(同)attract,allure,charm,enchant,fascinate,magnetize
caress [] vt.抚爱;珍视
caret [] n,插字符号^(文章中插字使用)
(类)caret·insertion=comma·pause 插字符号代表插入=逗号代表停顿(符号代表意义)
careworn [] adj,伤心的(showing the effect of grief or anxiety;worn)
(反)careworn ◆ lighthearted 伤心的 ◆ 心情愉快的
(记)care(心)+worn(疲倦)→心都疲倦了→ 伤心
cardinal [] adj,主要的(of basic importance · main,chief,primary)
(反)cardinal ◆ minor 主要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)card(心脏)→心脏是最主要的。参考:cardiologist(心脏病专家)
caricature [] n.漫画,滑稽模仿(exaggeration by means of ludicrous distortion)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 格言比较简短=滑稽模仿比较歪曲
aphorism · pithiness= caricature· exaggeration 格言比较精炼=讽刺画比较夸张
caricaturist·illustrator=satirist·essayist 漫画家属于插图家=讽刺作家属于评论家
(同)mockery,farce,mock,burlesque,parody
carnal [] adj,肉体的,物质的(bodily,corporeal)
(反)carnal ◆ spiritual 物质的 ◆ 精神的
(同)corporal,fleshly,physical,somatic
(记)carn(肉) 参考:carnivore 食肉动物 carnation 肉色康乃馨
carouse [] vi,畅饮,狂欢作乐(to drink liquor deeply or freely )
(类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 喝酒喧哗者·畅饮=隐士·隐退
(记)中间加h变成car+house;车房俱备,值得狂欢庆祝一下。
carp [] n.鲤鱼 vi,吹毛求疵,挑剔(to find fault or complain querulously)
(类)caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=浪荡者·放肆的
complain·carp=drink·guzzle 抱怨·吹毛求疵=喝·狂饮 (程度对比)
(同)nag,fuss,henpeck
(记)carp原义鲤鱼。鲤鱼刺多,吃的时候要多多挑刺。引申为挑剔。
cartographer [] n,地图绘制者(one that makes maps)
(类)cartographer·map=tailor·clothing=lexicographer·dictionary
绘制地图者·地图=裁缝·衣服=词典编纂者·词典 (后者是前者的工作对象)
(记)cart(图表)+graph(写)+er(人)→画地图的人
carve [] v,切(to cut into pieces or slices)雕刻(to shape by cutting)
(类)carve·turkey=slice·cake 切火鸡=切蛋糕
cast [] n,演员,演员阵容 vt,选派(演员)
(类)appoint·official=cast·actor 任命·官员=选派·演员(动作及其相关对象)
letter·signature=playbill·cast 信·签名=节目单·演员阵容(后者是前者的一部分)
castigate [] v.强烈反对,苛责(to subject to severe punishment,reproof)
(类)castigation·disapproval=crime·misbehave=blasphemy·irreverence
强烈反对·反对=犯罪·举止不当=亵渎:不敬(程度)
castigation·reproof=loathing·dislike(干扰:denunciation·denial指责·否定)
强烈谴责·谴责=嫌恶·不喜欢(程度)
peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation
小过失·罪过=警告·强烈谴责(程度)
(反)castigation ◆ approbation认可accolade 称赞extol赞美
(同)lambaste,excoriate,scathe,scorch,scourge,slash
catalyze [] vt,促进,催化(bring about,inspire)
(类)supervisor·oversight=catalyst·initiate管理者·监督=催化剂·催化
【注:catalyst:agent that brings about a chemical change while it remains unchanged】
enzyme·catalyst=bacterium·microbe 酶属于催化剂=细菌属于微生物
(反)catalyze ◆ retard 阻挠 prevent 阻止 inhibit抑制
(反)inhibitor ◆ catalyst? 抑制剂 ◆ 催化剂
(同)goad,incentive,incitement,motivation,spur,stimulant
catastrophe [] n,大灾难(a momentous tragic event)
(类)catastrophe·mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大灾难·不幸=羞耻·尴尬(程度)
oxymoron·contradictory=mishap·catastrophic 矛盾修饰法·矛盾的=不幸·灾难的
(同)disaster,calamity,cataclysm,misadventure
categorical [] adj,无条件的,绝对的 (absolute,unqualified)
(类)categorical·qualified/conditional 受限制的/ 有条件的
(同)ultimate,explicit,definite,unambiguous
catholic [] adj.普遍的(comprehensive)包容的(broad in sympathies,interests)
(反)catholic ◆ narrow 包容的 ◆ 狭隘的
(记)Catholic(天主教)→ 范围广泛
(同)universal,cosmic,cosmopolitan,ecumenical,global,worldwide
caustic [] adj.腐蚀性的,刻薄的(marked by incisive sarcasm)
(类)barb·caustic=pan·harsh 尖刻的言论·刻薄的=严厉的批评·严厉的
caustic·eat away=desiccant·dry 腐蚀的·腐蚀=干燥剂的·干燥
caustic·burn=solvent·dissolve 腐蚀性的·灼烧=可溶解的·溶解(因果关系)
(反)palliating 减缓的 genial 亲切的 smooth 安详的 kind 仁慈的 innocuous亲切的
(同)sarcastic,acerb,acerbic,corrosive
cautionary [] adj,劝人谨慎的;警戒的
(例)cautionary advice,忠告
caveat [] n.警告; 告诫(a warning enjoining one from certain acts)
(类)overture/preamble·introductory=caveat·warning/ cautionary
序曲·介绍性的=告诫·警告的
(同)warning,caution,forewarning,monition
cavern [] n,大洞,洞窟 (one cave of large or indefinite extent)
(类)cavern·spelunker=star·astronomer 洞穴· 探洞者=星·天文学家(后研究前)
(同)cave,grotto,subterranean (记)来自cave
cavil [] v.挑剔,吹毛求疵(to raise trivial and frivolous objection)
(类)cavil·criticize=probe·investigate 吹毛求疵·批评=仔细探察·调查(程度)
nitpick·criticize=cavil·object 吹毛求疵·批评=吹毛求疵·反对(程度)
caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=浪荡子·放肆的
faultfinding·criticize=quibble·cavil 挑毛病:批评=挑剔:吹毛求疵(同义)
encomiast·eulogize=nitpicker·criticize=preacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
赞美者·赞颂=吹毛求疵的人·批评=传教士·传道=挑剔者·吹毛求疵
【注:quibble:v,1.to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words 2.cavil,carp】
cavort [] vi,欢跃(to walk or move in a spirited manner)
(类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 摇摆的不稳定=欢跃的很轻快
(反)cavort ◆ trudge 欢跃 ◆ 艰苦跋涉
(同)gambol,caper,frisk,frolic,rollick
cede [] vt,放弃,割让(to yield or grant typically by treaty)n.cession
(反)cede ◆ possess 放弃 ◆ 拥有
(同)relinquish,abandon,resign,surrender,waive,yield
celebrity [] n,名人(a celebrated person)
(反)celebrity ◆ obscurity 名人 ◆ 无名小辈(one that is obscure)
(记)celeb(名人)参考:celebrated 著名的
cement [] n.水泥 v,巩固(to unite or make firm by or as if by cement)
(反)cement ◆ fracture 巩固 ◆ 破裂
(记)水泥过去被称为音译为水门汀。
censor [] vt,审查(to examine to suppress anything considered objectionable)
(类)censorship·communication/information=preservative·decay=sanitation·disease
审查·信息 =防腐剂·腐烂=公共卫生·疾病 (前者防止后者)
vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 卖主·供应=审查员·删除(人物的典型动作)
(同)expurgate,screen
censorious [] adj,挑剔的(critical)
(类)pliable·influence=ticklish·offend/ annoy 易受影响的·影响 =易触怒的·冒犯/骚扰
【干扰:censorious·condemn 挑剔的容易去谴责别人,是正面主动非被动】
(反)censorious ◆ eulogistic 挑剔的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)carping,caviling,hypercritical,overcritical,faultfinding
(例)censorious people delight in casting blame,挑剔之人乐于责备。
censure [] v,责难,谴责(to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy)
(类)lamentable·pity=reprehensible·censure 可悲的·可怜=应该谴责的·谴责
remonstrance·dissuade= reprehension·censure 反对·劝阻=斥责·责难(同义)
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible 责难·无可指责的=认可·应斥责的
(反)exonerate 免除责备 extol赞美 commend赞美
(同)criticize,blame,condemn,denounce,denunciate,reprobate
census [] n,户口普查 (a count of the population)
(类)census·population=inventory·merchandise=inventory·stock
户口普查·人口=存货清单·商品=存货清单·存货?(前者为后者的清单)
ceremonious adj,礼仪的,隆重的,过分讲究礼节的,拘泥的(punctilious)
cessation [ ] n,终止,暂停(a temporary or final ceasing;stop)
(反)cessation ◆ commencement 开始 start 开始 continuation 继续

chaff [] n,谷壳,糠
(类)winnow·chaff=filter·impurities 扬谷为了去除糠=过滤为了去除杂质
chaff·wheat=shell·pecan 谷壳·小麦=果壳·核桃 (果子及其壳)
dross·metal=chaff·grain 金属屑·金属=谷糠·谷物
chagrin [] n,懊恼(distress of mind caused by humiliation,disappointment,or failure)
(类)chagrin·mind=grimace·face 懊恼·情绪=痛苦的表情·脸(行为及其产生部位)
(反)elated 兴高采烈的 cheerful 高兴的 proud satisfaction 非常满足 delight 快乐
list 6 chameleon ------complaisance
chameleon [] n,变色龙,善变的人
(类)salmon·ichthyologist=chameleon·herpetologist 鲑鱼·鱼类学家=变色龙·爬虫学家
champion [] vt,拥护,保卫(to act as militant supporter of)
(反)disparage 蔑视 impugn 打击 oppose 反对
(同)support,advocate,backstop,uphold
chaotic [] adj.混乱的,无序的(in utter disorder)
(类)chaos·predictability=pallor·color 无序的不可预言=苍白没有颜色
(反)strictly structured 构造严谨的 strictly featured 特征严谨的
charade [] n,看手势猜字谜游戏;装模作样
(类)charade·word=mime·story 用手势表示的字谜·字=哑剧·故事(前者用后者来表达)
charade·dissimulate=void·emptiness 装模作样·假装=空洞·空(同义)
charlatan [] n,江湖郎中(pretender to knowledge)骗子(quack)
(类)juggernaut·crush=charlatan·deceive 压倒一切的力量·压服=骗子·行骗
(例)the medical establishment called him a charlatan 医疗界把他叫做江湖郎中。
(记)谐音:杀了他。联想:对骗子恨不得杀了他。
chary [] adj,谨慎的(discreetly cautious)
(类)chary·caution=imperturbable·composure 谨慎的:谨慎=冷静的:沉着
(反)rash卤莽的 bold大胆的
(同)cautious,circumspect,considerate,discreet,gingerly,wary
(记)char 谐音—察。联想:明察秋毫—>谨慎的
chase [ ] n.追赶,追击 vt.追赶,雕镂
chasm [] n,深渊,断裂带(a deep cleft in the surface of a planet)
(类)cleft·chasm=cut·gash 裂缝· 断裂带=小切口·大伤口
chastise [ ] v,严责,惩戒(to punish,as by beating)
(记)来自chaste贞洁的;使贞节,纯洁所以要用严厉惩罚。
chauvinistic [] adj,沙文主义的,爱国主义的
(类)patriotic·chauvinistic=receptive·gullible
爱国主义的·沙文主义的=乐于接受的·易受骗的(褒贬程度)
check [] n,阻止(to block the progress of)
(类)jolt·move=check·stop 晃动·移动=阻止·停止(同义)
(反)propagate 传播 goad 唆使 hasten 促进
(同)arrest,buck,foil,thwart,frustrate
chef [] n,厨师(a skilled cook who manages the kitchen)
(类)author·novel=sculptor·marble (干扰:chef·banquet 厨师·宴会)
作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师·宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食物,宴会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble,a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品
chef·kitchen=chemist·laboratory 厨师·厨房=化学家·实验室(后者是前者的工作场所)
(记)chef 谐音车夫。联想:车夫和厨师都是有技术的劳动人民。
cherubic [] adj,天使的,可爱的(innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy)
(反)cherubic ◆ somber  天使般可爱的 ◆ 阴郁的
(记)cherub(小天使)+ic→天使的,可爱的
chevron [] n,v形臂章
(类)chevron·badge=caisson·cart v形臂章·徽章=载炮车·大车(种属)
chiaroscuro [] n,明暗对照法
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗对照法特点是对照=金银丝工艺特点是精美
chicanery [] n.诡计多端,欺骗 (deception by artful subterfuge)
(类)chicanery·clever=tactlessness·truthful 诡计多端的·机灵的=不圆滑的·真诚的
(反)aboveboard action正大光明的honest dealing诚实forthrightness坦白
(记)chic(聪明)→ 耍聪明→ 诡计多端
(同)deception,chicane,dishonesty,fraud,highbinding,trickery
chide [] v,责备 (to reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 责备·示众=迁就·纵容(程度)
(反)chide ◆ praise 责备 ◆ 称赞
(同)reprove,admonish,monish,rebuke,reprimand,reproach
chimera [ ] n,吐火怪物,妖怪,狂想
(记)谐音:痴梦→狂想
chivalry [] n.骑士精神,骑士制度
choleric [] adj,易怒的,暴躁的(hot-tempered)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱会被胁迫=愤怒会产生敌对
choleric·rile=volatile·rouse(干扰:partial·bias 偏爱的·偏爱)
易怒的容易被惹怒=易变化的容易被激起(rouse,to excite,as to anger or action;stir up)
(反)choleric ◆ difficult to provoke 难以被激怒的pacific平静的
(同)choleric,crabbed,cranky,irascible,irritable
choir [] n,唱诗班(an organized company of singers)
(类)choir·singer=cast·actor=bouquet ·flower
唱诗班·唱诗者=演员表·演员=花束·花(组成)
chord [] n.和弦(three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously)
(类)constellation·star=chord·note=grove·tree (干扰:queue·person 行列·人)
星座·星星=和弦·音符=小树林·树木参考:colonnade·pillar=queue·person 强调整齐一致而且形似
choreography [] n,舞蹈编排(the arrangement of dances),舞蹈(art of dancing)
(类)choreography·dance=plot·story 舞蹈编排·舞蹈=小说情节·小说
choreographer·movement=architect·building 舞蹈编排者·舞蹈动作=建筑师·建筑
【注:sculptor·statue 雕塑家·雕像为干扰选项;舞蹈编排者和建筑师管设计不管施工,
雕塑家既设计又施工】
chorus [] n,合唱队(a body of singers who perform choral compositions)
(类)troupe·perform=chorus·sing 剧团·表演=合唱队·演唱 (团体及其典型行为)
chromatic [] adj,彩色的
(反)chromatic ◆ colorless 色的 ◆ 无色的
chronic [] adj,长期的,慢性的(long established,as a disease)
(反)chronic ◆ sporadic 长期的 ◆ 偶然的
(记)chron(时间)参考:chronological(按年代顺序的)chronicle(编年史)
(同)usual,accustomed,habitual,routine,wonted
chuckle [] n,轻声笑(to laugh inwardly or quietly)
(类)chuckle·laughing=whisper·speaking 轻声笑·笑=耳语·说话 (小·正常)
churlish [] adj,粗野的 (lack of civility or graciousness;boorish; rude)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家
cacophony·melody=genteel·churl 刺耳的音调·悦耳的音调=文雅的·粗野的人
(反)complaisance ◆ churlishness  彬彬有礼的 ◆ 粗野的
genteel ◆ churlish 文雅的 ◆ 粗野的
(同)surly,clownish,coarse,loutish,uncultured,unpolished
cineast [] n,电影迷(a film or movie enthusiast)
(类)cineast·film=gourmand·food 电影迷·电影=美食家·食物(前者追求后者)
(干扰:sharpshooter·target 射手·目标)
(记)和cinema(电影)一起记。

cipher [] n,密码(a method of transforming a text to conceal its meaning)
(类)cipher·cryptic=precis·concise 密码·秘密的=大纲·简要的
(记)参考:decipher 破译
circuitous [] adj,迂回的(not being forthright or direct in language or action)
(类)immaterial·relevance=circuitous·directness 不重要的·重要=迂回的·直接(反义)
circuitous·directness=irresolute·decision 迂回的·直接=犹豫不决的·决定(反义)
(反)circuity ◆ straightforwardness 迂回 ◆ 坦率
(同)indirect,circular,oblique,roundabout
circular [] adj,圆形的(having the form of a circle;round)
(类)circular·asymmetrical=protean·rigid 圆形的·不对称的=变化多端的·僵硬死板的(反义)
circumference [] n,圆周(the perimeter of a circle)
(类)circumference·circle=perimeter·rectangle 圆周·圆=周界·矩形 (图形及其边界)
border·country=circumference·circle 国界·国家=圆周·圆(事物及其边界)
circumlocution [] n,说话绕圈子;迂回(indirect or roundabout expression)
(反)circumlocution ◆ pithy utters/ straightforword utter 绕圈子 ◆ 简练直接的话
circumlocution ◆ direct encounter  绕圈子 ◆ 直接面对
circumlocutory ◆ straightforward 迂回的 ◆ 直接的
circumlocution ◆ express succinctly 说话绕圈子 ◆ 表达简练
circumscribe [] vt,限制(limit; confine)
(反)circumscribed ◆ unlimited 限制的 ◆ 无限的
(同)limit,confine,delimitate,prelimit,restrict
(例)our activities were often circumscribed,我们的行为经常被限制。
circumspect [] adj.慎重的;小心的(careful to consider all circumstances
(类)rash·circumspective=imperious·servile 轻率的· 慎重的=专横的·卑屈的(反义)
circumspect·prudency=urbane·polish 慎重的:慎重=彬彬有礼的:优雅 (同义)
(反)circumspect ◆ audacious/ reckless 小心的 ◆ 大胆的/鲁莽的
temerity ◆ circumspection 蛮勇 ◆ 慎重
rash ◆ circumspective 鲁莽的 ◆ 谨慎的
(同)prudent,chary,considerate,discreet,gingerly,
(例)We should be circumspect and always investigate before acting,.
我们应该仔细慎重,做事之前要调查一番。
(记)circum 四周+spect 看→四周看看→谨慎的 参考:spectator 观众
circumvent [] vt,绕行,智取(to manage to get around especially by stratagem)
(反)circumvent ◆ confront /direct encounter  绕行 ◆ 直接面对
(同)skirt,bypass,circumnavigate,detour
(记)circum周围+vent(=vend) 走→沿着周围走→绕行,智取 vendor 沿街走的小贩
cistern [] n,贮水器,水箱
(类)cistern·liquids=landfill·refuse 水箱·液体=垃圾填埋场·垃圾(放置场所)
(记)音近字:system 联想:水箱是一种处理水的系统
civility [] n,礼貌(courtesy,politeness)
(反)civility ◆ rudeness 礼貌 ◆ 无礼

claim [] n,v,要求 n,权利(a right to something)
(类)claim·legitimated=hypothesis·confirmed 要求是需要合法化的=假设是需要证实的
lien·claim=subpoena·command 扣押权是一项权利=传票是一种命令
(反)claim ◆ renounce 要求 ◆ 放弃
clairvoyant [] adj,透视的,有洞察力的(unusually perceptive;discerning)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict 灵巧的·熟练操作=预见性的·预言
(记)clair(清楚)+voy(看)→看的清楚→有洞察力的
clam [ ] n,蛤,沉默寡言的人
(类)She clammed up whenever I mentioned her husband,
每当提到他丈夫,她就不说话了。
(记)蛤(拼音:ge 2声)的形状象嘴紧紧闭着→沉默寡言
clamor [ ] v,吵闹,喧嚷
(例)The representatives clamored their disapproval,代表们吵嚷着不赞同
clandestine [] adj,秘密的(secret ;surreptitious)
(类)clandestine·secretly=overt·openly 秘密的·秘密地=公开的·公开地
clandestine·secrecy=harmony·congruity 秘密的·秘密=一致的·一致
(反)clandestine ◆ open 秘密的 ◆ 公开的
(同)secret,covert,furtive,stealthy,surreptitious
(记)clan 部落,小集团+ destine 命运→→秘密的
clannish [] adj,氏族的,宗族排外的
clarion [ ] adj,清澈响亮的(loud and clear)
(反)clarion ◆ soft and undistinct  清澈响亮的 ◆ 低声不可辨的

clarity [] n,清楚,透明 (the quality or state of being clear;lucidity)
(类)ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 不明确的不清楚=虚假的不真实
consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion 一致同意·党派争执=清楚·混淆(反义)
equivocation·clarity=prevarication·truth 含糊的话·清楚=搪塞的话·真实(反义)
misunderstood·clarify=erroneous·retract 误会的·澄清=错误的·撤消(后者消除前者)
ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的·坚固=混淆的·清楚(反义)
(反)equivocation 模棱两可 muddy 浑浊的 opaque 不透明的
(同)clearness,limpidity,lucidity,perspicuity,plainness

clasp [] n,扣子(a device for holding objects or parts together)
(类)lathe·shape=clasp·fasten 车床用来成形=扣子用来扣紧
cleft [] n,裂缝 (a usually V-shaped indented formation)
(类)cleft·chasm=cut·gash 裂缝· 断裂带=小切口·大伤口(程度)
(同)arroyo,chasm,clove,gap,gulch
clement [] adj.仁慈的,温和的(inclined to be merciful;lenient)
(反)clement ◆ pitiless 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的
clemency ◆ ruthlessness 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的
(同)forbearing,charitable,merciful,tolerant
cliche [] adj,陈腐的 a trite phrase or expression
(类)hodgepodge·uniformity=cliche·original 混合物·一致=陈腐的·原创(反义)
equivocate·misleading=cliched·hackneyed模棱两可的:易误解的=陈腐的:陈腐的(同义)
(例)compositions are often marred by such cliches as "strong as an ox."
文章经常被诸如“强壮如牛”这样的陈腐的表达方式破坏。
clique [] n,小团体(a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons)
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep  小团体·密友=羊群·羊(组成)
(同)cabal,camp,clan,coterie,mafia
clog [] n,障碍,阻塞 something that shackles or impedes
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations  阻塞·排泄=僵局·谈判 (后者消除前者)
(同)encumbrance,hindrance,impedance,impediment
clot [] n,凝块,群 v.(使)凝结(a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood)
(类)clot·dissolved=crowd·dispersed 凝块·溶解的=人群·散开的 (后者由前者发生)
solvent·dissolve=coagulant·clot 溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·凝结 (物品作用)
freeze·water=clot·blood 使结冰·水=使凝结·血 (后者为前者动作对象)

cloture [] n,表决程序(一项议会程序,辩论结束后立即就所辩问题进行投票表决)
(类)voting·roll call=termination·cloture
选举·点名程序=结果·表决程序(点名程序后可以选举=表决程序后可以出结果)
【注:termination:结果(outcome,result)】
(记)来自closure 关闭,使终止
cloudburst [] n,倾盆大雨 a sudden copious rainfall
(类)gust·wind=cloudburst·rainfall 狂风·风=倾盆大雨·雨 
(记)cloud(云)+burst(爆炸)→要下大雨了

clout [] n,权力,影响力(great influence,especially political or social)
(反)impuissance 无权,无能 impotence 无力,衰弱
(记)来自cloth;工业革命时期,布匹的生产中心具有最高的影响力,如曼彻斯特
(例)All the evidence showed that Russia does not have that kind of clout in the Far East any more
所有证据都表明在远东地区俄罗斯不再具有那样的影响
cloying [] adj,甜得发腻的(excessively sweet or sentimental )
(类)garrulous·talkative=cloying·sweet 饶舌的·健谈的=甜得发腻的·甜的(过度·正常)
clumsy [] adj,笨拙的(lacking dexterity,nimbleness,or grace)
(反)clumsy ◆ adept 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的
(同)awkward,gawky,lumbering,ungainly
coagulant [] n,凝结剂(something that produces coagulation)
(类)astringent·pucker=coagulant·congeal 收缩剂使收缩=凝结剂使凝结(药剂作用)
(反)coagulate 凝结 ◆ liquefy溶解 dissolve溶解 thin变稀薄
coalesce [] v.合并,融合(to unite into a whole;fuse)
(反)disaggregate 分解 polarize 两极分化 break apart 分开
(同)join,bracket,combine,relate,unite,wed
coax [] vt,用巧言诱哄(to influence or persuade by artful ingratiation)
(类)equivocation·coax=explanation·enlighten=threat·intimidate
含糊的话为了诱哄=解释为了开导=威胁为了胁迫
(类)blandishment·coax =medal·honor=prevarication·deceive
哄诱的话用来诱哄=奖章用来给以荣誉=搪塞的话用来欺骗
(同)blandish,cajole,wheedle
coda [] n,终结句,乐章结尾(a concluding musical section)
(类)dessert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata
餐后甜点·餐食 =收场白·戏剧=乐章结尾·奏鸣曲 (事物及其尾部)
(反)overture前奏 prelude序曲
(记)与coma 昏睡一起记。听交响乐时,许多人到乐章结尾时早已昏睡过去。
coerce [] vt,强制,强迫(to bring about by force or threat)
(类)wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 用甜言蜜语骗·诱骗=强取·强迫 (同义)
squander·expend=coercion·intimidate 浪费·花费=威压·胁迫(过分与正常)
(反)voluntary ◆ coercion 自愿的 ◆ 强迫的 (use of force to get someone to object)
(同)force,compel,concuss,constrain,oblige
(记)co 共同 erce 谐音:饿死→共同饿死→因为被强制
coeval [] adj,同时代的(of the same or equal age,antiquity,or duration) (类)congruent·dimension=coeval·age 全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代 
(记)co(共同)+eval(时代)→ 同时代
cogent [] adj,使人信服的(appealing forcibly to the mind or reason)
(类)cogent·convince=repugnant·repel
有说服力的·令人信服=让人讨厌的·令人厌恶(形动同义) 
(反)cogent ◆ unconvincing 有说服力的 ◆ 不令人信服的
(同)valid,convincing,satisfying,sound
cogitate [ ] v.思考,考虑
cognizant [] adj,知道的(knowledgeable of something through personal experience)
(类)incognizance·knowledgeable=penury·wealthy 不知道的·知道的=穷困·富裕的
(反)cognizant ◆ oblivious/ unaware  知道的 ◆ 遗忘的
(记)cogn(知道)+izant→认知的
(同)aware,apprehensive,conscious,sensible,sentient
coincide [ ] vi.一致,符合
colander [] n,滤器(a perforated utensil for washing or draining food)
(类)centrifuge·separate=colander·drain 离心分离机·分离=漏勺·排水(物品及其作用)

collapse [] vi,倒塌(to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 倒塌·向内倒塌=分开·切开(因果关系)
collapse·volume=attenuate·thickness 减弱音量=削薄厚度
(记)col(全部)+lapse(倒)→倒塌
(同)break,cave,crumple,yield
collude [] v,串通,勾结(conspire,plot)
(类)collude·cooperate=smuggle·convey 串通·合作=走私·运送(非法和正常)
collude·cooperate=stalk·follow 串通·合作=暗中追踪·跟随 (非法和正常)
collude·cooperate=eavesdrop·listen 串通·合作=偷听·听(非法和正常)
collusion·conspirators=cooperation·partners 勾结·同谋=合作·合作者
(记)col(共同)+lude(引诱)→勾结
(同)plot,cogitate,connive,conspire,contrive,intrigue
colonnade [] n,柱廊(a series of columns set at regular intervals)
(类)colonnade·pillar=queue·person 柱廊·柱子=队列·人(组成关系:整齐而且形似)
(记)colon=(column支柱)

colossal [] adj,巨大的(of a bulk,extent,power,or effect approaching or suggesting the stupendous or incredible)
(类)antediluvian·age=colossal·size 古老的·年龄=巨大的·尺寸 (事物及其修饰)
colossus·figurine=boulder·pebble 巨像·小雕像=大石头·小石头(大·小)
(同)huge,elephantine,gargantuan,gigantic,titanic,vast
coltish [] adj,不守纪律的(not subjected to discipline)
(类)coltish·discipline=loutish·grace 不守纪律的缺乏纪律=粗野的缺乏优雅性
(记)colt 小马,无经验的年轻人
coma [] n,昏迷(a state of profound unconsciousness)
(类)coma·unconsciousness=delirium·confusion 昏迷·无意识=精神错乱·混乱(种属)
combustible [] adj,易燃的(capable of combustion)
(类)impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不会受损害的·脆弱的=不可燃的·易燃的
(记)com+bust(烧)→易燃的
comely [] n,美丽的(having a pleasing appearance:not homely or plain)
(反)comeliness ◆ unattractiveness 美丽的 ◆ 不吸引人的
(同)beautiful,attractive,bonny,pretty,pulchritudinous
(记)与homely比较 联想:媳妇都是别人的好:家里的人是平凡的;外来的是美丽的
comity [] n,礼让,礼仪(friendly social atmosphere·social harmony)
(反)comity ◆ enmity 礼仪 ◆ 敌意
(同)goodwill,amity,benevolence,friendliness,kindliness
commencement [] n,开始 (an act,instance,or time of beginning)
(反)cessation ◆ commencement  停止 ◆ 开始
cease ◆ inaugurate/commencement  停止 ◆ 开辟/开始
(同)beginning,alpha,dawning,genesis,outset,
commencement [] n,开始,毕业典礼(the ceremonies for conferring degrees)
(反)commencement ◆ matriculation  毕业典礼 ◆ 入学考试
(记)美国人认为毕业典礼是一个人即将开始新的人生,与我们的思维“学业结束”不一样
commend [] vt,委托给,推荐(to mention with approbation)嘉奖(praise)
(反)berate 严厉指责 deplore 指责
(反)execrable ◆ commendable/laudable 可憎恨的 ◆ 值得表扬的/值得称赞的
(记)com(都)+mend(相信)→值得嘉奖的
commensurate [] adj,同样大小的,相当的(equal in measure or extent;coextensive)
(反)preponderant ◆ commensurate 占有优势的 ◆ 相当的
tantamount ◆ incommensurate  等价的 ◆ 不相称的
parity ◆ uncommensurateness 平等 ◆ 不平衡
(记)com(共同)+mensure(尺寸)→尺寸相同的

commercial [] n,商业广告(an advertisement broadcast on radio or television)
(类)advertising·commercial=publishing·journal 
广告的·广告=出版的·定期出版物(种属)
commingle [] v,混合(to combine into a common fund or stock)
(反)commingle ◆ separate 混合 ◆ 分离
(同)mix,commix,compound,intermingle,mingle
commitment [] n,许诺,义务(an engagement to assume a financial obligation)
(类)crime·misdemeanor=commitment·decision罪行·轻罪=许诺·决定(程度)
disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment/ conviction
不满的·满意=不确定的·义务/ 确信(反义) 
(反)ambivalent ◆ commitment  不定的 ◆ 确定的
noncommittal ◆ confirm 不定的 ◆ 确定
committed [] adj,受约束的,负有责任的(obligate,bind)
(类)profligate·solvent=mercurial·committed
挥霍的·有偿付能力的=多变的·受束缚的(反义)
commodious [ ] adj,宽敞的(comfortably or conveniently spacious;roomy)
(类)taut·commodious=extraordinary·purlieu 紧张的不宽敞=非凡的不常有(反义)
(反)commodious ◆ constricted/cramped  宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的/狭促的
commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的
(记)比较accommodate 留宿,容纳 联想:什么条件下能留宿——当然是房子宽敞的时候
(同)spacious,ample,capacious,roomy,wide
commonsense adj.具有常识的(sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment)
(反)preposterous ◆ commonsensical 荒谬的 ◆ 符合常识的
(记)common(共同)+sense(认知)→常识
commotion [] n,骚乱(an agitated disturbance)
(类)squall·commotion=flash·illumination 小骚乱·骚动=闪光·照明(程度关系)
(反)commotion ◆ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 宁静
(记)com(一起)+mot(动)→一起动→乱了 参考:motile 能动的
commute [ ] v,通勤,交换
(例)She,as a consultant,commutes from Cambridge to London every day.
她作为顾问每天乘火车上下班来往于剑桥和伦敦之间。
compartmentalize [] vt,划分(to separate into distinct parts)
compatible [] adj.谐调的,一致的,兼容的
compelling [] a,强制性的;迫切需要引起注意的;令人信服的
(例)a host of compelling socioeconomic problems.
许多迫切需要引起注意的社会经济问题
compendium [] n,纲要(a brief summary of a larger work)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection
纲要·摘要=文选·选集(同义)
encyclopedia·compendious=abstract·concise
百科全书·摘要的=摘要·简短的(正面特征)
【注:干扰选项:assay·objective 化验·客观的】
(同)digest,pandect,sketch,survey,syllabus
complacency [] n,满足(self-satisfaction)
(反)complacency ◆ anxiety 满足 ◆ 渴望(但无法满足)
(记)com(自己)+ place(满意)→满足了
(同)conceitedness,consequence,narcissism,pride
complaisance [] n,彬彬有礼,柔顺(disposition to please or comply;affability)
(类)complaisance·intractable=adeptness·maladroit 柔顺·难处理的=熟练·笨拙的(反义)
(反)complaisance ◆ obstinacy  柔顺 ◆ 固执
complaisance ◆ churlishness  彬彬有礼 ◆ 粗野
list 7 compliant -------corona
compliant [] adj,顺从的(ready or disposed to comply;submissive)
(类)compliant·servile=trusting·gullible 顺从的·奴性的=信赖的·轻信的(褒贬程度)
compliment [] vt,称赞expressing or containing a compliment
(类)apologize·contrite=compliment·impressed 因为后悔而道歉=因为有好印象而称赞
compliment·flattery=deference·subservience 赞美·谄媚=顺从·屈从(褒贬)
(反)vituperative ◆ complimentary  责骂的 ◆ 称赞的
(同)complacence,conceitedness,consequence,narcissism,pride
comply [] vi,顺从,答应(to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes,to a rule,or to necessity)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的·答应=禁止的·禁绝(主被动关系) 
(同)obey,conform,follow,keep,mind,observe
composed [] adj,镇静的,使安定 freefrom agitation;calm
(反)composed ◆ distraught 镇静的 ◆ 发狂的
discombobulate ◆ compose 使混乱 ◆ 使安定
restless ◆ composure 不平静的 ◆ 镇静
comport [] vt,vi 表现,举止
(例)Comport yourself with dignity,举止要庄重
compound [] v.混和 adj.复合的
(类)soldier·army=element·compound 士兵·军队=元素·混合物(前者组成后者)
(反)compound ◆ separate 混和 ◆ 分开
compound ◆ elemental  复合的 ◆ 基础的
compress [] vt,压缩(to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing)
(类)constrict·diameter=compress·size 收缩·直径 = 压缩 ·尺寸(减少关系)
(反)increase in volume 数量增加 distention 膨胀
compromise [] n,妥协,折衷(to come to agreement by mutual concession)
(类)mediation·compromise=prosecution·conviction 调停·折衷=起诉·定罪(目的关系)
implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 不缓和的·妥协=诚实的·诈骗
(反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise  顽固的 ◆ 乐于妥协
polemical ◆ compromising 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的
temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 见风使舵 ◆ 不愿意妥协
(记)com(互相)+promise(承诺)→互相承诺→妥协
compromise 2 v,危及,损害
(例)Such conduct will compromise your reputation,如此举动将会损害你的名誉。
compulsive []adj. 强迫症的,被强迫的,压抑不住的
compulsory [ ] adj,必需做的,必修的,被强迫的
compunction [] n,后悔(anxiety arising from awareness of guilt)
(反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑
(记)com+punc(刺)→不断被刺痛→后悔
concatenate [] v,连结(to link together in a series or chain;articulate)
(反)concatenate ◆ separate 连结 ◆ 分开
concave adj,凹的(hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl)v,凹陷
(记)cave n,洞穴
SCOOP,CONCAVE 勺:凹的
tongs,hollow
spatula,flat
beater,tined
cleaver,indented
skewer,rounded
钳子:空的
抹刀:平的
搅拌器:尖齿状的
切肉刀:锯齿状的
串肉杆:圆的
答案:(B)
conceal v,隐藏(to prevent disclosure or recognition of)
(反)unearth ◆ conceal 挖出 ◆ 隐藏
(同)hide,bury,cache,cover
concede [] v,承认(to grant as a right or privilege),让步
(反)concede ◆ refuse to grant  承认 ◆ 拒绝承认
concession ◆ aggress 让步 ◆ 侵犯
(同)admit,acknowledge,avow,confess,grant
concentrate [] v,集中(focus),浓缩(to make less dilute)
(反)concentrate ◆ dilute solution 浓缩 ◆ 稀释溶液
deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中
(记)con(共同)+centra(中心)→一起到中心来→集中
concerted [] adj,商议定的(mutually agreed on)共同完成的(performed in unison)
(反)concerted ◆ meant to obstruct 商定的,同意的 ◆ 意图阻碍的
concerted ◆ individually devised  共同完成的 ◆ 个人设计的
concession [] n.让步
conciliate [] v,安抚,调和(to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease)
(类)sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive 安抚物·安抚的=补助金·支援性的 
(反)conciliate安抚 ◆ vex 使恼怒 nettle 激怒 rile 激怒
discontent ◆ conciliate 不满 ◆ 调和
contentious ◆ conciliatory  好争吵的 ◆ 调和的
belligerent ◆ conciliatory 好战的 ◆ 调和的
(同)appease,assuage,mollify,placate,propitiate
concise [] adj,简洁的(brief and compact)
(类)synopsis·conciseness=distillate·purity 大纲通常比较简明=蒸馏物通常比较纯净
conciseness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 简明·格言=夸张·漫画(正面特征)
(记)con+sice(切)→把多余的部分切除→简洁
(同)brief,compendious,curt,laconic,succinct,terse
concord [] n.一致,和睦 (a state of agreement;harmony)
(类)inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不一致的·一致=分散·重叠(反义)
(反)dissension纠纷 dissonance不一致 schism分裂 enmity敌意 rancor怨恨
(记)con+cord(绑在一起)→一致
concur [] vi,意见相同,一致(to act together to a common end or single effect)
(反)naysay 反对 dissent 不同意
(同)coincide,concert,concur,harmonize
condescending [] adj,谦逊的,故意屈尊的,叫人领情似的
(类)condescending·patronize=obsequious·fawn 叫人领情的·以恩人自居=奉承的·奉承
patronize·condescension=deride·mockery 以恩人自居·叫人领情的=嘲笑·嘲弄的
patronizing·condescending=peeved·annoyed 资助的·使领情的=气恼的·恼怒的
【注】以上三组都是同义关系
condign [] adj,应得的,恰当的(deserved,appropriate)
(反)condign ◆ undeserved/unmerited  应得的 ◆ 不应得的/ 不配的
(同)just,appropriate,deserved,merited,requisite
(记)con(加强)+dign(= dignity尊严,高贵)→做事情非常有尊严的→恰当的
condole [] vi,表达同情或悲伤(to express sympathetic sorrow)
(类)condolence·sympathy/compassion=gibe·derision 表示同情·同情=嘲笑·嘲笑
(记)con(一样)+dole(悲哀)→一样悲哀→表达同情 参考:doleful / dolesome悲哀的
区别:condole 不及物:表达慰问之情 I condoled with him in his loss,我对他的损失表示同情
console 及物:安慰,慰问某人console a friend in grief 安慰一个正处悲伤的朋友
condone [] vt,宽恕(to pardon or overlook voluntarily)
(类)bristle·anger=vacillate·unresolution 发怒·愤怒=忧郁不定·不坚决(动名同义)
干扰:(condone·mercy)(condemn·warning)
(反)denounce 谴责exact 强求
(同)excuse,pardon,forgive
conducive [] adj,有益的,有促进的(tending to promote or assist)
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invigorate 促进的·促进=激励的·鼓舞(形动同义)
【注】foment,to promote the growth of; incite,促进…的发展;激励
conductor [ ] n,领导者,指挥(one who directs an orchestra or other such group)
(类)conductor·instrumentalist=director·actor 指挥·演奏者=导演·演员(前者指挥后者)
confident [] adj,有信心的,自信的(self-reliant)
(类)confident·timid=open·shy 有信心的·胆小的=外向的·害羞的 (反义)
confidence·arrogant=inquiry·interrogatory 自信·傲慢的=询问·质问的 (褒贬)
(记)con(加强)+fide(相信)→完全相信→有信心
参考:perfidious背信弃义的;confidentiality n,秘密,机密;信任
confine [] vt,禁闭 (something that restrains)
(类)loose·confinement=disabuse·misconception 解放解除禁闭=使省悟消除错误观念
(记)con+fine(限制)→禁闭 finite有限的
(同)limit,ircumscribe,delimitate,prelimit,restrict confiscate
confiscate [] vt.没收,充公
confluence [] n.汇合(a coming or flowing together,meeting,or gathering at one point)
(类)confluence·streams=junction·roads 汇合·溪流=交叉·道路(事物及其相关对象)
(反)confluence ◆ divergence 汇合 ◆ 分歧
(记)con(共同)+flu(流)→流到一起→汇合
(同)concourse,concursion,gathering,junction
confront [] vt,使面对,对抗 (to face especially in challenge;oppose)
(类)craven·confront=honest·deceive 怯懦的·对抗=诚实的·欺骗(反面特征)
(反)circumvent ◆ confront 包围 ◆ 正面对抗
(记)con+front(面对)→对抗
(同)affront,encounter,face,meet

confound [] v,混淆(to fail to discern differences between)
(反)confound ◆ discriminate between 混淆 ◆ 区分
(例)confound fiction and fact,把事实与假设混为一谈
congeal [] v,凝固(to make viscid or curdled;coagulate)
(反)congeal ◆ melt/disintegrate 凝固 ◆ 熔化/分解
congeal ◆ fail to solidify 凝固 ◆ 不能凝固
(记)con+geal(冻结)→凝固 参考:gel胶
(同)coagulate,clot,gel,gelate
congenial [] adj,温和的(sociable,genial)
(反)dour ◆ congenial/genial 严厉的 ◆ 温和的
congest []vt,使充满,使拥塞,使充血
(记)gest管道。参考:ingest咽下digest消化
congruent [] adj.和谐一致的,全等的(being in agreement,harmony,or correspondence)
(类)congruent·dimension=coeval·age 全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代(前者修饰后者)
incongruent·conform=recalcitrant·obey 不协调的难以使一致=反抗的难以服从
clandestine·secrecy=harmony·congruity 秘密的·秘密=一致的·一致 (同义)
(反)variance ◆ congruity 不一致 ◆ 一致
congruent ◆ disagreeable 和谐一致的 ◆ 不合意的
(同)harmonious,corresponding
conjecture [] n./ v.推测,猜测(inference from defective or presumptive evidence)
(反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 推测 ◆ 不准猜测
conjecture ◆ fact 猜测 ◆ 事实
(记)con+ject(推,抛)→全部推测 参考:project设计,方案,作业;发射
(同)guess,presume,pretend,suppose,surmise,think
conjure [] v,祈求;用咒语祈求神奇力量;变魔术
(例)I conjure you not to betray me,我恳求你不要背弃我。
connive [] vi,暗中合作,密谋(to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding)
(类)connive·cooperate=pry·watch 暗中合作·合作=窥探·注视(秘密与正常)
uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家(正面特征)
(同)plot,cogitate,collude,conspire,machinate,
connoisseur [] n,鉴赏家 (expert who is competent to act as a critical judge)
(类)connoisseur·art=gourmet·cuisine
鉴识家·艺术=美食家·烹饪(人及其鉴赏对象)
selflessness·altruist=expertise·connoisseur
无私·利他主义者=专门技术·鉴赏家(正面特征)
【注】expertise,skill or knowledge in a particular area
(同)aesthete,cognoscente,dilettante
conquest [] n,征服(the act or process of conquering)
(类)inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 不为所动的无法劝阻=不屈服的无法征服
【注】inexorable,not capable of being persuaded by entreaty
conscientious [] adj,本着良心的;负责的,谨慎的(thorough and assiduous)
(反)conscientious ◆ careless 负责的 ◆ 粗心的
conscientious ◆ remiss 负责的 ◆ 疏忽的
(同)honorable,just,right,scrupulous,true
(例)a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice,本着良心决定说出不义之事
conscript [ 5kCnskript ] n,被强迫征招入伍的士兵 vt,征募
consensus [] n,一致,团结(group solidarity in sentiment and belief)
(类)law·criminality=consensus·factionalism 法律·犯罪=团结·党派之争 (防止关系)
(干扰:lesson·falsehood 教训·谎言)
consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion 团结·党派之争=清晰·混乱 (反义)
expedition·foot dragging=consensus·factionalism 迅速·缓慢=团结·党派之争(反义)
schism·consensus=interruption·continuity 分裂的没有一致意见=中断的不具有连续性
(记)con+sens(感觉)→感觉一样→一致
consequence n,结果,结局;重要性,价值(moment)
(类)dilettante·commitment=nonentity·consequence
业余爱好者·致力=无足轻重者·重要性(缺乏)
conservative [] adj,保守的 n.保守的人(tradiyional)
(类)contumacious·authority=reactionary·change 顽固的·权威=反动的·变化(事物反面特征)
bigoted·advice=conservative·change 固执己见的:忠告=保守的:变化(前者拒绝后者) hidebound·conservative=manic·excited 死板的·保守的=疯狂的·激动的(程度)
【注】peeved·annoyed 是干扰选项,这两个词是同义不是程度关系
(反)conserve ◆ exhaust 保存(能量) ◆ 耗尽
(同)orthodox,reactionary,tory,traditionalistic
conservatory [] n.温室,音乐学院(a school specializing in one of the fine arts)
(类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology=observatory·astronomy
音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学 (场所及其研究学科)
conserve [] vt,保存,保全 (to keep in a safe or sound state)
(反)conserve ◆ waste/squander/exhaust 保存 ◆ 浪费/ 挥霍/ 耗尽
(同)preserve,save,maintain
considerable [] adj,值得考虑的,重要的(worth consideration;significant)
(类)restive·calmness=piddling·considerable 不安静的·平静=琐屑的·重要的 (反义)
(反)consider ◆ table考虑 ◆ 搁置
(同)important,consequential,material,momentous
(记)区别:considerate考虑周到的 记法:considerable有able→有能力的当然是重要的
consign [ ] v,委托,托管(to give over to the care of another; entrust)
(例)to consign money in a bank在银行存款 to consign goods by rail 由铁路托运货物
console [] vt,安慰,藉慰(to alleviate the grief,sense of loss,or trouble of)
(类)embarrass·shame=console·comfort 使困窘·使羞愧=藉慰·安慰(同义)
disturb·serenity = console·grief扰乱·平静=安慰·悲伤(消除关系)
alleviate·intensity=console·grief 减轻强度=安抚悲痛
(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 安慰 ◆ 加重伤心
(同)comfort,solace,upraise
consolidate [] vt,使联合,统一,巩固 (to join together into one whole;unite)
(反)consolidation ◆ fragmentation 统一 ◆ 分裂
consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散
(记)con+solid(结实)→统一,巩固
(同)compact,concentrate,integrate

consonance [] n,一致,调和(harmony or agreement among components)
(类)inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不协调的·一致=分散的·重叠(反义)
(反)consonant ◆ dissonant调和 ◆ 不协调
consonant ◆ discrepant一致 ◆ 不一致的
inconsonant ◆ in agreement 不一致 ◆ 一致
(同)harmony,agreement,chime,concord,tune
conspicuous [] adj.显著的,显而易见的(obvious to the eye or mind)
(类)conspicuous·see=transparent·understand 明显的容易被看到=显然的容易被了解
hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的
(反)blatant ◆ inconspicuous 明显的 ◆ 不明显的
nondescript ◆ conspicuous 莫可名状的 ◆ 显而易见的
salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不显著的
prominent ◆ inconspicuous 卓越的 ◆ 不显眼的
(记)con(都)+spic(看)→都看的到的→显著
(同)noticeable,arresting,prominent,remarkable,salient,striking
conspiracy [] n,共谋,阴谋(treacherous plot)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家
infiltrate·enter=conspire·plan 秘密潜入·进入=阴谋·计划
spy·watch=conspire·cooperate 侦察·观看=阴谋·合作
(记)con+spire(呼吸)→共同呼吸→搞阴谋
(同)plot,cabal,intrigue,machination,scheme
consternation [] n,惊愕,呆若木鸡(a state of paralyzing dismay)
(记)来自stern严格的,僵硬的;呆若木鸡就是因为震惊而表情僵硬。
constitute [] vt,构成,任命(to appoint to an office,function,or dignity)
(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 退位 ◆ 任命
(记)con(一起)+stitute(建立)→组成;constitution 宪法;体格,体质
(同)create,establish,institute,organize
constitutional a.素质上的,本质的;章程的,法规的
(例)a constitutional inability to tell the truth,生来爱撒谎的毛病
constrained [] adj,束缚的,节制的
(反)constrain ◆ release 束缚 ◆ 释放
intemperate ◆ constrained 不节制的 ◆ 节制的
(记)con+strain(拉紧)→束缚的
(同)reserved,noncommittal,restrained
constringe [] vt,压缩(to cause to contract; constrict)
(反)commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的
construct [] v,建造(to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements)
(类)construct·remodel=compose·edit 建造·改造=创作·修改(原创和修改)
(记)con+struct(建立)→建造
consummate [] adj,完美的(complete in every detail; of the highest degree)
(反)consummate ◆ amateurish 完善的 ◆ 业余的,不专业的
(同)accomplished,finished,perfected,ripe,virtuosic
contagious [] adj,传染性的,会传播的(communicable by contact;catching)
(类)sprain·injure=cold·contagion 扭伤·伤=感冒·传染病 (种属)
(反)contagious ◆ incommunicable 会传播的 ◆ 不能传达的
(记)con(互相)+tag(接触)→互相接触→传染 参考:contact接触intact完整无缺的
(同) infectious,catching,communicable
contaminate [] vt,染污(to soil,stain,corrupt,or infect by contact)
(类)hedge·loss=quarantine·contamination=safeguard·accident
两面下注以减小损失=检疫以防止污染=安全措施防止事故发生(防止关系)
(反)contaminate ◆ purify 污染 ◆ 净化
(同)defile,pollute,soil,taint
contemplate [ ] v,沉思(meditate on or ponder)
(例)The surgeon contemplated the difficult operation.
外科医生为这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。
content [] adj,满足的(manifesting satisfaction with one's possessions)
(类)disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment/conviction
不满的·满足=可疑的·负责/确信
gripe·discontent=praise·admiration
抱怨·不满=赞美·钦佩 (动作及表示情感)
disaffected·contentment=anxious·serenity
不满意的·满意=担忧的·平静
(反)disaffected ◆ content 不满 ◆ 满足
restiveness ◆ contentment 难以驾御 ◆ 容易满足
contented ◆ avaricious 满足 ◆ 贪婪
(同)satisfied,pleased,contented,complacent
(记)比较:contend contentious contention attentive abstention contented tentative
contentious [] adj.好辩的,喜争吵的(exhibiting an often perverse tendency to quarrels)
(类)meddlesome·pry=contentious·argue 多管闲事的·探察=好争吵的·争吵
(反)contentious ◆ conciliatory 喜争吵的 ◆ 安抚的
contention ◆ agreement 争论 ◆ 同意
(记)con+tent(拉)→互相拉→争论
(同)belligerent,bellicose,combative,gladiatorial,militant,truculent
contiguous [] adj,紧邻的,接壤的(being in actual contact)
(类)contiguous·abut=simultaneous·coincide
紧邻的·毗邻=同时发生的·同时发生(形名同义)
【注】coincide,to happen at the same time or during the same period,同时发生
contingent [ ] adj.可能发生的,依条件而定的,偶然的
(例)Arms sales are contingent on the approval of Congress,武器销售取决于议会的批准
contort [] v,扭弯,曲解(to twist into a strained shape or expression)
(类)contortion·body=grimace·face 扭弯·身体=面部扭曲·脸部(行为及其相关部位)
(同)deform,distort,misshape,torture,warp
(记)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的distort 歪曲torture 折磨
contract [] v,收缩(to reduce to smaller size by squeezing or forcing together)
(类)contract·implode=descend·plummet 收缩·内爆=下降·快速下落(程度)
(记)con(互相)+tract(拉)→收缩
contravene [] v,违反,反驳,反对(to oppose in argument:CONTRADICT)
(反)contravene ◆ support 支持 buttress 支持
(记)contra(反)→vene(走)→反着走→违反 参考:convene召集,集合
(同)violate,break,infringe,offend,transgress?
contrite [] adj,后悔的,痛悔的(grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming)
(类)apologize·contrite=compliment·impressed
道歉·后悔的=称赞·被打动的(动作表示感情)
(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的
(同)remorseful,apologetic,compunctious,penitent,regretful
contrive [] v,发明,设计,图谋(devise)
(派)contrivance n,发明,发明的才能,想出的办法;contrived 人为的,做作的
contumacious [] adj,不服从的(stubbornly disobedient·REBELLIOUS)
(类)contumacious·authority=hidebound·novelty 不服从的·权威=死板的·革新(反义)
(反)contumacious ◆ obedient 不服从的 ◆ 服从的
(同)insubordinate,insurgent,mutinous,rebellious
conundrum [] n.难题,迷(a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun)
(类)conundrum·solve=tangle·unravel 解决难题=解开纠缠(消除关系)
convalesce [] vi,渐渐康复,渐愈(to recover health gradually after sickness)
(类)recidivism·relapse=rehabilitation·convalesce 累犯·故态复萌=复原·渐愈(同义)
(同)recuperate,ameliorate,gain,mend,
convenience [] n.便利的(something conducive to comfort or ease)
(类)opportune·convenience=impermanent·transience 适当的·方便=暂时的·暂时(同义)
(反)opportune ◆ inconvenient 适当的 ◆ 不便的
(同)amenity,comfort,facility
convention [] n,大会,惯例(usage or custom especially in social matters)
(类)indiscretion·convention=overdose·prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)
【注】indiscretion:an act at variance with the accepted morality of a society 行为不检点
(反)ossify ◆ transcend conventions 死板 ◆ 超越常规
(同)contract,agreement,compact,covenant,transaction?
convergent [] adj,收敛的,聚合(tending to move toward one point;confluent)
(反)convergent ◆ moving apart 收敛的 ◆ 散开
discrepancy ◆ convergence 分散 ◆ 聚合
converge ◆ spread out 聚合 ◆ 展开
conversant [] adj,熟悉的,亲近的(having frequent or familiar association)
(反)conversant ◆ unfamiliarity 熟悉的 ◆ 不熟悉
conversance ◆ lack of familiarity 熟悉的 ◆ 不熟悉
conversant ◆ ignorant 熟悉的 ◆ 不知道的
(同)familiar,versant
convert [] vt,使改变信仰(to persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion,faith,or belief)
(类)veer·direction=convert·belief
转向·方向=使改变信仰·信仰(行为及其相关对象)
hunter·quarry=proselytizer·convert
猎人·狩猎=劝服改宗者·使改变信仰(正面特征)
proselytizer·convert=mediator·reconcile(干扰:educator·promote)
劝服改宗· 使改变信仰=调停者·调停(行为及其目的)
【注:mediate,interpose between parties in order to reconcile them】
four-poster·bed=convertible·automobile 四足床·床=敞篷车·车(种属)
(同)ransform,change,metamorphose,transmute
(例)Many Africans were converted to Christianity,许多非洲人都改信基督教。
convex [] adj,凸起的,凸面的(curving outward)
(类)convex ◆ dent 凸起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)参考:concave 凹的,凹面的
convey [] vt,传达(to communicate;impart)运输,转移
(类)smuggle·convey=collude·cooperate 走私·运输=串通·合作(正常与非法)
duct·convey=splint·immobilize 管道·运输=夹板·使固定(物品及其功能)
conviction [] n,深信,确信(a strong belief) n,定罪
(类)dubious·conviction=disaffected·contentment 可疑的·确信=不满足的·满足
prosecution·conviction=mediation·compromise 起诉·定罪=调解·和解(目的)
(反)cogent ◆ unconvincing 有说服力的 ◆ 不令人信服的
(记)vict(征服);与victory一同记,深信自己一定胜利。参考:invincible
(例)Nothing could shake his conviction that she was innocent.
他深信她是无辜的,没有什么能够动摇他的这一看法。
convoke [] v,召集会议(to call together to a meeting;assemble)
(反)convoke ◆ adjourn 召集会议 ◆ 休会
(记)voke(叫喊) 参考:provoke(激起),invoke(唤起)
(例)Congress was convoked at the outbreak of the emergency,
危机出现的时候,议会立刻召集开会。
convoluted [] adj.复杂的,费解的(complicated; intricately)
(类)convoluted·complexity=ephemeral·transience=transient·evanescence
费解的·复杂=短暂的·顷刻=短暂的·瞬息(形名同义)
(反)convoluted ◆ straightforward 复杂费解的 ◆ 直截了当的
(同)complex,winding,intricate,complicated
(记)volut(旋转)。联想:转的太多,令人费解的。参考:revolutionary
convulsion [] n,痉挛(violent,involuntary muscular contractions)骚乱
(类)convulsion·contraction=frenzy·emotion 痉挛是猛烈的收缩=狂暴是猛烈的情感
coop [] n,小屋,鸡笼(a cage or small enclosure for poultry)
(类)corral·horses=coop·chickens 畜栏·马=鸡笼·小鸡 (动物及其饲养场所)
cope [ ] vi,应付,对付(to deal with)
(例)coping with child rearing and a full-time job,一面抚养孩子一面做份全职工作
copious []adj.丰富的(abundant; plentiful)
(反)sparse稀少的 dearth贫乏的
(记)由copy联想,不断的非法copy,令盗版软件很丰富。
coquette [] n.风骚的女人,玩弄男人的女人(a woman who flirt insincerely)
(类)supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious恳求者·恳求的=风骚女人·轻浮的
cord [] n.木料计量单位;绳索,束缚
(类)cord·wood = ream·paper 木料计量单位·木材=令·纸
(记)木料是圆形的,过去都是用绳子绕一周来丈量。
cordon [] n,警戒线(extended line of police to prevent access or egress)
(类)levee·river=cordon·crowd 大堤·河=警戒线·群众
(记)cord(绳子) 联想:用绳子隔离出警戒线。
cornucopia [] n.象征丰收的羊角(羊角装饰器内装满瓜果、谷物代表丰收)
(类)cornucopia·abundance=mace·authority 羊角象征丰收=权杖象征权威
(反)lack缺乏pittance 少量,微薄
(记)corn(角)+copia(丰饶)参考:copious 丰富的
corona [] n,冠壮物,光环,日冕
(类)corona·sun=atmosphere·planet 日冕环绕太阳=大气环绕行星
(记)可能来自crown(王冠),发音很相似。
list 8 coronation-------deference
coronation [] n,加冕,加冕礼(the act or occasion of crowning)
(类)coronation·reign=wedding·marriage 加冕礼·执政=婚礼·结婚 (前者是后者的仪式)
(记)参考 corona
corporeal [] adj,肉体的,有形的,物质的,非精神的
(反)intangible无形的disembodied无形的 spiritual 精神的immaterial非实质的
(记)corp(身体)参考:corporation 公司,法人,实体 corpulent 肥胖的
corroborate [] vt,使坚固,确证(confirm)
(类)corroborate·evidence=calumniate·falsehood 确证依靠证据=诽谤依靠谎言
(反)lessening of certainty可信度降低 controvert 辩驳 deny否认
(记)robor(强壮) 谐音:萝卜使人强壮。
corrosive [] adj,腐蚀的,侵蚀的 n.腐蚀剂
(类)etch·corrosive=glue·adhesive 蚀刻·腐蚀剂=粘贴·粘合剂(前者靠后者实现)
【注】etch,to cut into the surface of (glass,for example) by the action of acid
(记)参考 erosive 腐蚀性的
corrugated adj,满是皱纹的(wrinkled; ridged)
(反)corrugated ◆ smooth 满是皱纹的 ◆ 光滑的
(记)参考:ruga 本身是一个词:皱纹。
(例)She wished she could smooth away the wrinkles from his corrugated brow,
她希望将皱纹从额头上除掉。
cosmopolitan [] adj,世界性的(pertinent or common to the whole world)
(类)provincial·cosmopolitan=【bigot·tolerant】地方的·世界性的=狭隘者·宽容的
【注】对应不整齐,前者是反义关系,后者是反面特征
(反)insular ◆ cosmopolitan 狭隘的,孤立的 ◆ 世界性的
insularity ◆ cosmopolitanism 偏狭,孤立 ◆ 世界大同主义
(同)catholic,cosmic,ecumenical,global,planetary,worldwide
(记)参考:cosmos 宇宙
cosset [] v,宠爱,娇养(to treat as a pet:coddle; pamper)
(反)cosset ◆ slight 宠爱 ◆ 轻蔑
cosseted ◆ unspoiled 宠爱的 ◆ 未宠坏的
costume [] n.装束,服装
coterminous adj,有共同边界的,邻接的
(记)co(共同)+ termi(边界)
coterie [] n.小团体,小圈子(group that meets socially;select circle)
(同)clique,cabal,circle,clan,mob,ring
(记)参考:cottage 小屋
countenance [] v.赞成,容忍(approve; tolerate) n,面容,表情
(类)countenance·toleration= demur·objection 赞成·容忍=抗议·反对(同义)
(反)countenance ◆ condemn支持 ◆ 谴责
countenance ◆ regard with disfavor支持 ◆ 不感兴趣
(记)与下面的countermand一同记。 counter 反对
counterbalance v,使平衡(counterpoise);抵消,补偿(offset)
counterpart n,副本,对等的人或物(a thing that completes another)
(例)The foreign minister is the counterpart of the secretary of state.
外交部长是和国务秘书对等的人
counterfeit [] n,赝品,伪造品(something counterfeit:forgery)
(类)counterfeit·money=sophism·reasoning 赝品假钱·钱=诡辩·推理(假与正常)
(同)imposture,deceit,deception,fake,fraud,hoax
countermand vt,取消,撤销(cancel; revoke)
(类)countermand·order=revoke·license 撤销·命令=撤销·执照
(例)The general countermand the orders issued in his absence,
将军撤销了他不在时所发布的命令。
counterpoise n/vt,平均,平衡(an equivalent power or force acting in opposition),使平衡
(例)be in counterpoise保持平衡/均衡
coup [ ] n,突然而巧妙的行动,成功之举,政变
(例)make a great coup 极大成功,一鸣惊人
court [] n/vt,追求;求爱;献殷勤;招致 n.法院;庭院
(反)court ◆ aversion 追求 ◆ 厌恶 spurn 摒弃 repel intentionally 故意抵制
court ◆ snub 献殷勤 ◆ 冷落怠慢
(记)谐音“夸她”。联想夸她为了献殷勤。
参考:courtesy n,礼貌,谦恭 courteous adj,谦恭有礼的,殷勤的
(例)courts disaster by taking drugs,因吸毒而招致灾祸
coven [] n,(尤指十三个)女巫的集会(an assembly or band of usually 13 witches)
(类)witch·coven=retainer·retinue 女巫·女巫的集会=家臣·随行人员(组成关系)

covert [] adj.隐蔽的,偷偷摸摸的 n.掩蔽处,隐藏处
(反)covert ◆ open 隐蔽的 ◆ 公开的
(同)surreptitious,secret,clandestine,furtive,stealthy
(记)来自cover 覆盖 参考:overt明显的
covetous [] adj,贪婪的,渴求的(marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess)
(类)covetous·desire=prodigal·spend 贪求的·要求=浪费的·花费
paltry·covet=despicable·admire 无价值的·贪求=卑劣的·钦佩
covetous·rapacious=troubled·distraught=enthusiastic ·mania
贪心的·强夺贪婪的=不平静的·心烦意乱发狂的=热情的·极端狂热的(程度)
(同)acquisitive,desirous,grabby,grasping,greedy
(例)the covetous eye of an avid collector.一个狂热收藏家渴求的目光
cow [] v,恐吓,威胁(to destroy the resolve or courage of)
(反)cow ◆ embolden 威胁 ◆ 使大胆
cowed ◆ undaunted 被吓倒的 ◆ 大无畏的
(同)intimidate,bluster,bully,strong-arm

cowardice [] n,懦弱(lack of courage or resolution)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱易遭胁迫=愤怒易遭敌对
(反)cowardice ◆ pluck懦弱 ◆ 勇气
(例)A treacherous coward who betrayed his friends to save his own skin
一个背信弃义的懦夫为了自己的利益背叛了他的朋友。
cower [] vi,畏缩,退缩(to shrink away or crouch from something that menaces) (类)cower·fear=rant·anger 畏缩·害怕=咆哮·愤怒(动作表达情感)
(反)brazenly confront 勇敢地面对 bristle发怒
(同)fawn,cringe,grovel,toady
cozen [] v,欺骗,瞒(to cheat; deceive)
(类)credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的易被欺骗=驯良的易被控制
(反)cozen ◆ deal with forthrightly 欺骗 ◆ 直率的处理
(同)cheat,defraud,swindle
cramped [] n,狭促的(confined,incommodious)
(反)commodious 宽敞的
crass [] adj,粗俗的;粗厚的;愚钝的(without refinement or sensitivity)
(反)refined 精细的
(同)coarse,crude,gross,uncouth,vulgar
crave [] v,渴望(to yearn for)恳求(to ask for earnestly)(反)spurn摒弃
(类)craving·desire=terror·fear 渴望·愿望=恐怖·害怕(程度)
crave·longing=exult·satisfaction 非常渴望·渴望=得意洋洋·满意(程度)
craven [] adj,懦弱的(timid)n.懦夫 (coward,dastard)
(类)craven·admirable=【deft·awkward】疑为干扰选项怯懦的不令人钦佩的(反面特征)灵巧的·笨拙的(反义关系)
craven·confront=honest·deceive 懦弱的·对抗=诚实的·欺骗(反面特征)
craven·hero=parsimonious·spendthrift 懦弱的·英雄=节俭的·挥霍者(反面特征)
【注】parsimonious,excessively sparing or frugal,不仅有吝啬的意思,还有节俭的意思
craven·heroic=volatile·constant 懦弱的·英勇的=不稳定的·稳定的
(反)valorous 勇敢的 记法:谐音:沃勒尔—德国足球队教练,以勇猛著称。
(记)和brave一起记。b倒下变成c,勇士变懦夫。
crease [] n,折痕(a line or ridge made by folding a pliable substance)v,折,弄皱
(类)crease·folding=hole·perforating 折痕·折叠的=洞·穿孔的(前者由后者造成)
credence [] n.信任(belief,credit,faith)
(反)skeptic怀疑 doubt 怀疑
(记)cred(相信) 参考:credit信用 credible 可靠的 creed 信条,教义
credulous [] adj,轻信的,易受骗的(willing to believe or trust too readily)
(类)credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的·欺骗=驯良的·控制
skeptic·credulous=penitent·obdurate 怀疑者·轻信的=悔过者·顽固的
(反)credulity ◆ skepticism轻信 ◆ 怀疑
(同)unsuspecting,unsuspicious,unwary
(例)deceiving the credulous young girls 欺骗这个轻信的女孩
creek [] n,小溪,小河
(类)creek·river=hill·mountain=pebble·rock 小溪·河流=小山·山脉=小石块·石头(小和正常)
creep [] vi,爬,缓慢地行进(to move slowly on hands and knees)
(反)creep ◆ move swiftly/quick movement 缓慢地行进 ◆ 快速移动
crescendo [] n&v.(声音)渐强(a gradual increase in volume of a musical passage)
(类)crescendo·sound=acceleration·tempo 声音渐强·声音=速度加快·速率
(反)crescendo ◆ decrease in volume 声音渐强 ◆ 声音减弱
(记)和下面crest一起记 向顶峰进发→渐强
crest [] n.鸡冠,顶部,顶峰(the highest or culminating point; the peak)
(类)crest·wave=(acme/summit/peak)·mountain 波峰·波=山顶·山(事物及其顶点)
(同)apex,crown,peak,summit,vertex,acme,apogee,climax,culmination,pinnacle
crestfallen [] adj.垂头丧气的,挫败的,失望的(dejected; discouraged)
(反)crestfallen ◆ exultant 垂头丧气的 ◆ 欢悦的
critical [] adj,危急的,严重的
(例)a critical shortage of food,严重短缺食物
cronyism [ ] n,任人唯亲,对好朋友的偏袒
(类)cronyism·friend=nepotism·relative 对好朋友的偏袒·朋友=裙带关系·亲戚
crook [] n.(弯柄)手杖;牧羊人的牧杖;拐弯处;骗子
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马者=牧杖·牧羊者(职业及其工具)
(记)大家都熟悉crooked 弯曲的,不老实的,拐骗的
croon [] v,低声歌唱,低吟(to sing or hum in a soft,soothing voice)
(类)croon·sing=murmur·speak 低声歌唱·歌唱=低语·说
(记)联想 crown 丢了皇冠,只能低唱。
crouch [] v,蹲伏、弯腰(to stoop,especially with the knees bent)
(类)crouch·spring= hover·plunge 蹲伏·跳起=翱翔·俯冲(反义)
crucial [] adj,严重的;极重要的 (of vital importance)
(类)relevant·crucial=perceptible·obvious 相关的·重要的=看的见的·明显的(程度)
(反)crucial ◆ inconsequential 重要的 ◆ 不重要的
(同)decisive,significant,acute,critical,desperate,dire
(记)cru十字 联想:到了十字路口,这时的选择很重要。参考:crux 中心,关键
crumple [] v,弄皱;崩溃,垮台
(类)fold·crumple=defeat·overwhelm 折叠·弄皱=击败·征服(前者导致后者)
(例)crumple a piece of paper 弄皱了一张纸。
crutch [] n,拐杖,支撑(a support to assist a lame person in walking)
(类)crutch·walk=glasses·see 拐杖·行走=眼镜·看(前者辅助后者)
crux [] n,中心,关键(the central or pivotal point);难题
(类)crux ◆ peripheral element 关键 ◆ 周边因素
cryptic [] adj,秘密的,神秘的(mysterious);含义模糊的(puzzling)
(类)cipher·cryptic=précis·concise 暗号·秘密的=摘要·简洁的
(反)cryptic ◆ self explain/self explanatory 含义模糊的 ◆ 能自我解释的
(同)hidden,secret,dark,enigmatic
(记)来自crypt 秘密的,隐藏的
cuisine [] n,烹调法,烹饪(a characteristic manner or style of preparing food)
(类)gourmet·cuisine=connoisseur·art 美食家·烹调=鉴赏家·艺术(前者鉴定后者)
culinary [ ] adj,厨房的,烹调用的
culminate [] v.达到顶点
culpable [] adj,该受谴责的(deserving blame or censure);有罪的
(类)culpable·blame=exemplary·imitation 该受谴责的·谴责=可模仿的·模仿
confession·culpability=testimonial·appreciation 招供因有罪=推荐信因欣赏
(反)culpable ◆ innocent/above reproach 有罪的 ◆ 无罪的
(同)amiss,blamable,censurable,guilty,reprehensible,sinful
(记)culp 罪。参考:exculpate无罪释放 inculpate 使有罪,控告
cult [] n,狂热崇拜;秘密团体
(例)a cult figure崇拜偶像;cult films 风靡一时的电影
cultivate [] v.培养,栽培(to foster the growth of)
(反)cultivate ◆ cause to wither 栽植 ◆ 使枯萎
cultivated ◆ feral 栽植的 ◆ 野生的
(记)cult(培养) 参考:culture 文化 cultured 有修养的
cumbersome [] adj,笨拙的,累赘的(unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk)
(反)cumbersome ◆ easy to handle 笨拙的 ◆ 容易对付的
(记)cumber (躺,障碍)recumbent 靠着的,斜倚的
cunning [] adj,狡猾的(characterized by wiliness and trickery)
(类)cunning·gulled=watchful·waylaid 狡猾的·被骗=警惕的·伏击(前者防范后者)
(反)artless朴实的 ingenuous纯真的
(同)sly,artful,astute,crafty,foxy,guileful,insidious,tricky,wily
curator [] n,(博物馆、图书馆等的) 馆长,主持
(类)curator·art=archivist·documents 馆长·艺术品=案卷保管人·档案
curator·museum=ranger·forest 馆长·博物馆=护林员·森林
curators·paintings=librarians·books馆长·绘画=图书馆员·图书
(记)来自care 关心 馆长关心图书。
curmudgeon [] n,脾气坏的(老)人(a crusty,ill-tempered,and usually old man)
(反)curmudgeon ◆ agreeable person 脾气坏的人 ◆ 令人愉快的人
(记)谐音"出麻疹"。联想"出麻疹让人脾气变得很坏。"
curriculum [] n.课程表(a set of courses constituting an area of specialization)
(类)curriculum·course=menu·dish 课程表·课程=菜单·盘装菜
【注】manifest:cargo,?agenda:meeting为干扰选项
cursory [] adj.匆忙的,草率的(rapidly and often superficially performed or produced)
(反)fastidious苛求的painstakingly thorough认真的slow and thorough慢而仔细的
exam cursorily ◆ pinpoint 粗略地检查 ◆ 精确查明
(同)superficial,shallow,sketchy,uncritical
(记)cur (跑) 参考:cursive 草书的
curt [] adj,简略的(rudely brief in speech or abrupt in manner)
(类)curt·words=parsimonious·resource 简略的·言词=节省的·资源
(同)brief,compendiary,compendious,laconic,succinct,summary
curtail [] vt.截短,缩短;削减(to cut short;reduce)
(类)curtail·duration=abase·strength 缩减·持续时间=降低·力量
curtail·period=enervate·energy 缩短·周期=使衰弱·活力
(反)protract / prolong延长
(记)cur+tail谐音"割尾巴";联想"截短,缩短"
custody [ ] n,监管,保管
cynic [] n,犬儒主义者(a person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness)
(类)ingenue·sophistication=cynic·trustfulness清纯少女·世故=愤世嫉俗者·相信
【注:犬儒主义者认为人们行为的出发点是自私,因此他们对人采取怀疑的态度。】
dabbler [] vi,涉猎者,浅尝辙止者(one not deeply engaged in something)
(类)dabbler·dedication=martinet·leniency 浅尝辙止者·致力=严格的人·宽大
(反)dabbler ◆ specialist 浅尝辙止者 ◆ 专家
dabble ◆ dedicate/devote/specialize 浅尝辙止 ◆ 致力/投入/专门研究
(记)参考double(双);联想三心二意。三心二意的人容易浅尝辄止。
daft [] adj,傻的,愚蠢的(silly,foolish)
(反)daft ◆ judicious 傻的 ◆ 明智的
(记)由deft转意而来
daguerreotype [] n.早期银板照相法
(类)daguerreotype·photograph=musket·firearm 早期银板照相法·照相=早期火枪·火枪
dais [ ] n,讲台,主席台(a raised platform,as in a lecture hall,for speakers or honored guests)
(类)dais·honor=stadium·compete 主席台能够给客人礼遇=运动场能够竞赛
【注:honor:to regard or treat with honor or respect 礼遇;给予客人礼遇】
dally [] vi,闲逛,虚度时光(to waste time ;loiter)
(类)dally·times=squander·money 虚度·时间=浪费·金钱(前者浪费后者)
(记)谐音"大理"。联想"在旅游胜地云南大理闲逛。"
damper [] n.抑制因素,泼冷水(a dulling or deadening influence)
(反)damper ◆ ameliorator 抑制因素 ◆ 改进物
(记)来自damp(打湿,抑制)
dandy [] n.纨绔子弟,好打扮的人(a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes; a fop)
(类)dandy·preen=miser·hoard 纨绔子弟·打扮=吝啬鬼·储藏
dank [] adj,阴湿的(unpleasantly moist or wet)
(类)dank·moisture=dappled·spot 阴湿的·潮湿=有斑点的·斑点(同义)
(记)与sank一起记,沉入水中把自己弄湿了。
dapper [] adj,衣冠楚楚的;干净的(neat,trim or smart in dress or demeanor)
(类)slovenly·dapper =indulgent·adherent
不修边幅的·衣冠楚楚的=放纵的·信徒的(反面特征)
(反)dapper ◆ frowsy/unkempt/slovenly 干净的 ◆ 肮脏的/不整洁的/邋遢的
dappled [] adj,有斑点的,花的
(类)dappled·spot=striated·groove有斑点的·小点=有条纹的·刻痕
daredevil [] n,大胆的人,鲁莽的人(a recklessly bold person)
(类)daredevil·audacity=malcontent·dissatisfaction 大胆的人·大胆=不满者·不满意
prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 审慎·鲁莽的人=聪慧·笨蛋
(记)dare+devil(恶人) 大胆的恶人。
dart [] vi,疾驰,飞奔 n.标枪
(类)dart·missile=skiff·boat 标枪·发射物=小划艇·船(种属)
move·dart=descend·plummet 移动·疾驰=下降·飞速下坠
(记)谐音"打他";联想"用标枪打他。"
dastard n,懦夫(=craven)
daunt [] vt,使胆怯,使畏缩 (to overcome with fear; intimidate)
(类)fearless·daunt=impassive·perturb 无畏的不会胆怯=冷漠的不会被打扰
dauntless·intimidate=irrepressible·restrain 大胆的·使害怕=抑制不住的·抑制
dauntless·trepidation=footloose·attachment 大胆的·害怕=自由的·附着 (反义)
(反)daunt ◆ embolden/make resolute/hearten 使胆怯 ◆ 使大胆/使坚定/鼓舞
dauntless ◆ craven/easily discouraged/pusillanimous/meek/trepid/timorous
大胆的 ◆ 胆小的/容易气馁的/胆怯的/温和的/惊恐的/胆小的
undaunted ◆ cowed 无畏的 ◆ 胆怯的
(同)dismay,appall,horrify,shake
dawdle [] v.n,游手好闲,虚度光阴(to waste by trifling;idle)
(反)hie ◆ dawdle 匆忙 ◆ 游手好闲
(同)lazy,loaf,loiter,loll,lounge
deactivate [ ] vt.解除动员,使无效
deadpan [] adj.无表情的,冷漠的(wooden; impassive)
(类)deadpan·impassive=impudent·brazen=insightful·discerning
无表情的·冷漠的=厚颜无耻的·厚颜无耻的=富有洞察力的·有鉴别力的(同义)
(同)blank,empty,inexpressive,unexpressive,vacant
dearth [] n,缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨(an inadequate supply)
(反)dearth ◆ plethora/spate/copiousness 缺乏 ◆ 过剩/大量/丰富
debacle [] n.崩溃,溃败(breaking up; downfall)
(反)debacle ◆ complete success/éclat 溃败 ◆ 大成功
debark [] vt.使下船登陆,卸载(to unload,as from a ship or an airplane)
(类)debark·ship=unload·truck 从船上卸载=从卡车上卸货
debase [] v.贬低,贬损(to reduce in quality value,or dignity)
(类)debase·status=chill·temperature 降低·地位=使变冷·温度
debase·value=constrict·diameter 贬低·价值=压缩·直径
(反)debased ◆ ennobled 出身低微的 ◆ 出身高贵的
debasement ◆ deification 贬低 ◆ 神化
(例)Vulgarly outrageous movies debase the taste of the people
庸俗的暴力电影,降低了人们的欣赏品位。
debilitate [] vt,使衰弱(to make weak;enfeeble)
(类)debilitate·strength=attenuate·thickness 使衰弱·力量=拉薄·厚度
(反)debilitate ◆ invigorate/fortify 使衰弱 ◆ 鼓舞/加强
(同)weaken,attenuate,blunt,cripple,disable,sap
(记)bility(能力) 参考:ability 能力
debris [] n.碎片,残骸(the remains of something broken down or destroyed)
(类)debris·destroy=ash·burn残骸·破坏=灰烬·烧(前者由后者造成)
debunk [] v,揭穿真面目,暴露(to expose the sham or falseness of)
(反)debunk ◆ perpetuate to sham/unexposure 揭穿真面目 ◆ 永远的伪装/隐藏
(记)bunk=bank 联想:使银行的真相暴露出来。
debut [] n.初次登场亮相 (a first public appearance)
(类)debut·career=embark·journey 初次登场是职业生涯的开始=上船是旅行的开始
(反)debut ◆ farewell performance 初次登场 ◆ 告别演出
decadence [] n,衰落,颓废(the act or process of falling into decay)
(反)decadence ◆ wholesomeness 衰落 ◆ 健康
(记)参考decade 十年;联想经济规律"经济增长十年就会进入衰退。"
decant [] vt,轻轻倒出(to pour liquor gently so as not to disturb the sediment)
(类)decantation·pour=subterfuge·deceive 倾注·灌注=托词·欺骗(后者程度强)
(记)can 罐头盒 联想"由罐头盒中轻轻倒出。"
decent [ ] adj,象样的,得体的;高雅严肃的,正派的
(例)a decent salary,一份相当不错的薪水
decentralize [] vt,使分散,排除集中,使地方分权
(例)a decentralized state实施地方分权的国家
decibel [] n,分贝(音量单位)
(类)decibel·loudness=light-year·distance 分贝·响度=光年·距离(事物及其衡量单位)
decipher [] vt.破解,解释(to decode,as something written in cipher)
(类)decipher·hieroglyph=break·code(干扰:separate·component 分离·成分)
破解·象形文字=破解·密码(动宾关系)
decode [] vt,解码,译解
(类)indecipherable·decoded=unmanageable·controlled 不可解的·破解的=难管的·可控的
encoded·decode=tacit·infer 加密的需解码=暗示的需推断
(同)break,crack,cryptanalyze,decipher,decrypt
decorum [] n.礼仪(propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance)
(类)gaffe·decorum=miscalculation·judgment 失态·礼仪=错误的判断·裁判
(反)decorum ◆ impropriety 礼仪 ◆ 不适当
decorous ◆ mangy/unseemly 有礼貌的 ◆ 低贱的/不体面的
indecorous ◆ proper 不合礼节的 ◆ 适当的
(记)谐音:待客人 联想:待客人当然要有礼貌。
decrepit [] adj,衰老的,破旧的(weakened by old age; worn out by long use)
(反)vigorous健壮的sturdy健壮的sound健康的robust健壮的hale强壮的
(同)weak,feeble,fragile,frail,infirm,insubstantial,unsound
default [] n,& v,拖欠(failure to act in meeting financial obligations)
(类)default·pay=yield·resist 拖欠·支付=屈服·坚持(反义)
(反)default ◆ fullfill an obligation/pay one's debt 违约拖欠 ◆ 履行义务/偿还债务
defer v.推迟,延期;听从
(类)arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢·听从=疲乏·激起(难以关系)
(反)exigent ◆ deferrable 紧急的 ◆ 可延期的
deference [] n,敬意,尊重(respectful regard)
(类)deference·authority=emulation·exemplar 尊重·权威=效法·榜样
reverent·deference=exemplary·imitation 虔诚的·尊重=可仿效的·模仿(因果)
defer·leader=admire·hero 尊重·领导=赞美·英雄(动宾)
deferential·offend=scornful·respect 恭敬的不会冒犯=轻蔑的不会尊敬
deferential·sycophant=frugal·penurious 恭敬的·奉承的=节俭的·吝啬的(褒贬)
(反)deferential ◆ imperious/impudent 恭敬的 ◆ 专横的/无礼的
deference ◆ contempt 尊重 ◆ 轻视
(同)honor,homage,obeisance,reverence
list 9 deficiency--------dilute
deficiency [] n,缺乏,不足(insufficiency,an amount that is lacking or inadequate)
(反)deficiency ◆ surfeit 缺乏 ◆ 过度
(同)deficit,inadequacy,insufficience,insufficiency,scantiness,shortage
defile [] n.(山间)小道 v,弄污,弄脏
(类)defile·narrowness=precipice·steepness 小道·狭窄=悬崖·陡峭(正面特征)
definitive [ ] adj,决定性的,最后的,确定的(most reliable or complete)
defoliant [] n,脱叶剂,落叶剂
(类)defoliants·leave=insecticide·insect 落叶剂·树叶=杀虫剂·虫
(记)参考foliage 树叶,植物
deforest [] vt.采伐森林,清除树林
(类)deforestation·tree=insecticide·insect 采伐森林·树木=除虫·虫
deft [] adj,灵巧的,熟练的,敏捷的(skillful,nimble,facile)
(类)maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=滔滔不绝的·简短的
(反)deft ◆ awkward/maladroit/ham-handed 灵巧的 ◆ 笨拙的/笨拙的/笨手笨脚的
(同)dexterous,adroit,clever,handy,neat-handed
(记)daft“愚蠢的” 变体。
defuse [] vt.抚慰,减轻(to make less dangerous or tense);去掉…的雷管
(反)defuse ◆ foment 抚慰 ◆ 煽动
(记)fuse 雷管,保险丝。De+fuse 去掉雷管
defy [] vt.公然反抗,违抗to resist boldly or openly
(反)defy ◆ acquiesce/obey 违抗 ◆ 勉强同意/尊从
(同)brave,challenge,dare,front,venture
degenerate [] adj.退化的v.退化
dehydrate [] vt,(使)脱水,(使)干燥(to remove water from)
(类)desiccated·dehydration=abraded·friction 脱水的·脱水=摩擦的·摩擦
dehydrate·water=fade·brightening= detoxify·poison
脱水·水=褪色·明亮=解毒·毒性(消除关系)
dehydration·moisture=descent·altitude=desertification·vegetation
脱水·潮湿=降落·高度=沙漠化·植被(消除关系)
(反)dehydrate ◆ reconstitute/sature with water 脱水 ◆ 复原/饱和水
(同)dry,desiccate,exsiccate,parch,sear
deify [] v.神化(to worship or revere as a god)
(反)deification ◆ debasement 神化 ◆ 贬低
deify ◆ watch with contempt 神化 ◆ 蔑视
deject [] vt,使沮丧,使灰心(to make gloomy in spirits)adj.沮丧的
(类)hearten·dejection=mollify·anger 振作·沮丧=平息·生气(消除关系)
(反)deject ◆ gladden 使沮丧 ◆ 使高兴
dejected ◆ exultant 沮丧的 ◆ 欢跃的
(同)demoralize,dishearten,disparage,dispirit
deleterious [] adj.有害的,有毒的(injurious to healthy ;harmful)
(反)beneficial/ salutary/ salubrious/ wholesome有益的/有益健康的
(同)damaging,injurious,mischievous,prejudicious
(记)来自delete 联想"要被删除的当然是有害的。
deliberate [] adj.深思熟虑的(to think about decisions carefully)
(类)brash·deliberation=candor·subterfuge 仓促·深思熟虑=直率·托词(反义)
caprice·deliberation=impromptu·rehearsal 善变·深思熟虑=即席演出·排练(反义)
(反)hasty ◆ characterized by deliberation草率的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
impetuous ◆ deliberate冲动的 ◆ 审慎的
(同)advised,considered,designed,premeditated,studied,studious
delicacy [] n.精致(fineness);令人愉悦的事情(something delightful or pleasing)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗配合·对比=复杂金银细丝工艺品·精致
(反)delicacy ◆ crudity 精致 ◆ 粗制
husky ◆ delicate 粗糙的 ◆ 精致的
delinquent [] n.失职者adj.失职的,有过失的
delirium [] n.精神错乱,发狂(a mental disturbance)
(类)delirium·confusion=coma·unconsciousness 精神错乱·混乱=昏迷·无意识(同义)
(例)in a delirium of patriotic feeling 处于一种狂热的爱国激情
delusion [] n.错觉(an abnormal mental state)
(类)delusion·thought=hallucination·perception 错觉·想法=幻觉·感觉(前者是后者的异常)
(反)transparent ◆ delusive 容易理解的 ◆ 迷惑的
deluge [] n.大洪水;豪雨(a great flood,inundation)
(类)droplet·deluge=pebble·landslide 小水滴·大洪水=小圆石·山崩
rain·deluge=wind·hurricane 雨·豪雨=风·飓风
(反)deluge ◆ drizzle 豪雨 ◆ 毛毛雨
(记)参考:dilute 稀释,变淡
delve [] vt.&vi,探究,查考(to make a careful or detailed search for information)
(类)delve·skim=scrutinize·gloss=quaff·sip 探究·浏览=细看·简短注释=痛饮·啜吸(程度)

demagogue [] n,煽动者,蛊惑民心的政客
(类)demagogue·instruct=shirk·malinger 煽动者·指示=逃避者·逃避工作(正面特征)
(记)dem 人民 参考:democracy 民主 demography 人口统计学demotic 大众的
demanding [] adj,过分要求的,苛求的(making difficult or excessive demands)
(类)demanding·satisfactory= closed-mind·sway【干扰:adulterate·pristine掺杂的不纯净】
苛求的·满意=死心塌地的·动摇(难以关系)
(同)burdensome,exacting,exigent,grievous,oppressive,taxing
demean [ ] vt,贬低身份
demise [] n,死亡(death)
(例)Upon the demise of the dictator,a bitter dispute about succession to power developed.
demolition [] n,破坏,毁坏(destruction by explosives)
(类)rehabilitate·demolition=recycle·disposal 复原·破坏=再利用·处理(反义)
(记)moli谐音"毛利";联想"毛利人的文明被殖民者所破坏。"
demonstrate [] v.论证,证明(to prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence)
(反)demonstrable ◆ unable to prove 可论证的 ◆ 不能证明的
demoralize [] vt,使道德颓废;使堕落;挫折锐气
(反)demoralize ◆ invigorate/ cheer 士气受挫 ◆ 鼓舞(干扰:ameliorate 改善)
(记)moral 道德
(同)chill,deject,dishearten,disparage,dispirit
demotic [] adj.通俗的,大众化的(popular)
(反)demotic ◆ profound 通俗的 ◆ 深刻的

demur [] v.表示异议,反对(to make objection,esp,on the grounds of scruples)
(类)demur·objection=praise·approbation 提出异议·反对=赞美·嘉许
demur·qualms=waver·irresoluteness 表示异议·疑虑=踌躇·犹豫不决
(反)demur ◆ accept/accede 表示异议 ◆ 接受/同意
(同)balk,boggle,scruple,stickle,stumble
denigrate [] vt.玷污,诋毁(to cast aspersions on·disparage)
(反)denigrate ◆ honor 诋毁 ◆ 尊敬
(记)nigr(黑)参考:Nigro 黑人
(同)malign,asperse,calumniate,defame,slander,vilify
denouement [] n.(小说的)结尾,结局
(类)joke·punch line=plot·denouement 笑话·妙语=情节·结局
【注:punch line·the statement (as in a joke) that makes the point.
就是相声或笑话中抖响包袱的那句话,和小说结局一样使悬念解开。】
denounce [] v,公开指责,揭发(to condemn or censure openly or publicly)
(类)admonish·denounce=punish·pillory 警告·公开指责=惩罚·公开嘲弄(正常·公开)
denunciation·denial=castigation·reproof 驳斥·否定=苛责·谴责
(反)denounce ◆ brace/condone 指责 ◆ 支持/宽恕
denunciation ◆ accolade/eulogy/panegyric 谴责 ◆ 赞扬/赞词/赞扬
(同)criticize,blame,censure,condemn,denunciate,reprehend,reprobate
dent [] n.凹,凹痕 (a depression made by pressure)
(反)dent ◆ convex 凹陷 ◆ 凸起

denture [] n.假牙
(类)denture·teeth=toupee·hair 假牙·牙齿=假发·头发
denude [] v.脱去,剥蚀,剥夺(to strip of all covering or surface layers; bare)
(反)denude ◆ cover 脱去 ◆ 遮蔽
(同)strip,disrobe,unclothe,undress
depict [ ] vt,图示,描述,描写
deplete [] vt,耗尽,使衰竭(to lessen markedly in content,power,or value)
(反)enrich ◆ deplete 使富有 ◆ 耗尽
(记)plete 满 参考:complete 完成 replete 充满的
(同)bankrupt,drain,draw,exhaust,impoverish,use up
(例)an epidemic which depletes an army of manpower一场流行病耗尽了军队的有生力量。
deplore [] vt.深表遗憾(regret);反对(to consider deserving of deprecation)
(反)accolade/extol/laud/commend/applaud赞美
(例)Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language,I defend your right to express yourself freely.虽然我对你粗俗的言语深表遗憾,但是我维护你说话的权利。
(记)参考 Implore 恳求,哀求
deploy []v.展开(有策略性的);调度(to spread out strategically)
(反)deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中
(记)ploy 用 参考:employ 雇用
deportation [] n,驱逐,放逐(the removal from a country of an alien)
(类)deportation·country=eviction·dwelling=expel·school
驱逐·国家=逐出·住处=开除·学校
(记)port 运 参考:import 进口 portable便携的 deport /comport举止,风度
depose [] vt.作证(to testify to under oath or by affidavit);免职
(反)perjure ◆ depose 作伪证 ◆ 作证
(同)affirm,aver,constate,declare,predicate,protest
deposit [] vt.沉淀 n.沉淀,押金(to put or set down; place)
(反)deposit ◆ process of eroding 沉淀 ◆ 腐蚀过程
depravity [] n,堕落,腐败,邪恶(a corrupt act or practice)
(类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 消沉·精力=堕落·品德(前者缺乏后者)
(同)vice,corruption,immorality,wickedness
deprecate [] vt,不赞成,贬低(to express earnest disapproval of)
(类)deprecate·value=restrict·diameter 贬低·价值=限定·直径
(反)extol 赞美vaunt 自夸endorse 赞成
(同)disaprove,discommend,discountenance,disesteem,disfavor,object
depreciate [] v,贬低,贬值(to lower the price or estimated value of)
(类)self depreciate·swagger=fawn·hauteur(imperiousness) 自贬·吹嘘=奉承·傲慢
depreciation·valuable=ossification·flexible 贬值·有价值的=僵化·灵活的
(同)cheapen,devalorize,devaluate;decry,belittle,discount
depressant [] adj,有镇静作用的n,镇静剂
(类)depressant·mood 镇静剂·不好的情绪(消除)
depressed adj,沮丧的(low in spirits:sad;especially:affected by psychological depression)
(类)despondent· depressed=expert· skilled 意气消沉的·沮丧的 = 熟练的·熟练的(同义)
deprivation n,剥夺(the state of being deprived)损失,匮乏(privation)
(反)deprivation ◆ fecundity 损失,匮乏 ◆ 丰饶(干扰:surfeit过量)
(记)de(使失去)+ privat(=private私有的)→使私有财产失去→剥夺
deracinate [] vt,根除,灭绝 (uproot)
(反)deracinate ◆ plant 根除 ◆ 种植
(记)de(使…离开)+race(=root根)→根除 参考:radical 根本的
derangement n,精神错乱,发狂
derelict [] adj,玩忽职守的 n.被遗弃的人
(类)stickler·derelict=poseur·unaffected一丝不苟者·玩忽职守的=装模做样者·自然的
(反)derelict ◆ extremely careful 玩忽职守的 ◆ 特别仔细的
derelict ◆ pillar of society 被遗弃的人 ◆ 国之栋梁
(记)de(使)+ relict(残余物)→使成残余物→遗弃→被遗弃的人;另外→弃之不管→玩忽职守参考:relic 残迹 relinquish放弃
deride [] vt,嘲弄,嘲笑(to laugh at in scorn or contempt; mock)
(类)deride·mockery=patronize·condescension 嘲笑·嘲笑=屈尊俯就·屈尊俯就(同义)
sneer·derision=smirk·smugness 讥笑·嘲笑=假笑·装模做样(前者表达后者)
gibe·derision=condolence·sympathy(compassion)=apologize·regret
嘲笑·嘲笑=哀悼·同情=道歉·忏悔(前者表达后者)
(反)deride ◆ praise 嘲笑 ◆ 赞美
derision ◆ veneration 嘲笑 ◆ 尊敬
(同)ridicule,lout,mock,razz,scout,taunt
derivative [] adj,派生的,无创意的(lacking originality·banal)
(反)derivative ◆ original/precursory/innovative 无创意的 ◆ 原创的/先驱的/创新的
derogate [ ] v,贬损,毁损,诽谤
descend [] v,降落 (to pass from a higher place or level to a lower one)
(类)descend·altitude=dehydrate·moisture 降落·高度=脱水·潮湿 (前者消除后者)
descendant [] n.后代,后裔(one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype)
(反)descendants ◆ forbears 后代 ◆ 祖先
(同)offspring,brood,children,posterity,progeny,scions
descry [] vt.察看,发现,远远看到
deseam vt,除去表面上之缺陷
(记)seam 除了有缝合,焊接的意思,还有缝合后留下伤痕的意思。
desecrate [] vt.亵渎,污辱(to treat with sacrilege;profane)
(反)desecrate ◆ sanctify/revere/hallow 亵渎 ◆ 尊敬/尊敬/视为神圣
desiccate [] vt,使干,干贮(to preserve(a food)by drying·dehydrate)
(类)desiccant·dry=caustic·eat away 使干燥的·干燥=腐蚀性的·侵蚀
desiccant·moisture=cleanser·dirt=deceleration·velocity
干燥剂·潮湿=清洁剂·脏=减速·速度(前者消除后者)
(反)desiccate ◆ add water to加水drench湿透 hydrate与水化合
designate [] vt.任命,命名(entitle)
(类)appellation·designate= foreword·introductory 称呼用来命名=前言用来介绍
desperate [] adj,绝望的;危急的;极严重的;极强烈的
despicable [] adj,可鄙的,卑劣的
(类)despicable·contempt=reprehensible·censure 可鄙的·鄙视=应受斥责的·斥责
despicable·scorn=venerable·reverence 可鄙的·轻视=值得尊敬的·尊敬
despicable·valuable=mulish·flexible 卑劣的·有价值的=顽固的·灵活的(反义)
(同)contemptible,cheap,despisable,mean,pitiable,scurvy,shabby
despise [] vt.轻视(to regard with contempt or aversion;scorn)厌恶(to hate)
(反)despise ◆ venerate 蔑视 ◆ 尊敬
(同)abhor,contemn,disdain,scorn,scout
despotic [] adj.专制的,暴虐的(arbitrary,autocratic,monocratic,tyrannical)
(类)despotic·tyranny=generous·liberality 暴虐的·暴政=慷慨的·慷慨大方
(派)despot暴君 despotism专制
dessert [] n,餐后甜点
(类)dessert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata餐后甜点·一餐=收场白·戏剧=尾声·奏鸣曲
desuetude [ ] n,废止,不用(cessation of use; disuse)
desultory [] adj.散漫的,不连贯的,断断续续的(lacking in consistency or order)
(类)desultory·plan=languid·energy=facile·profundity
散漫的·计划=疲倦的·精力=容易的·深刻(前者缺乏后者)
(反)carefully planned 精心计划的 strictly methodical 有系统的assiduous 勤勉的
(同)random,aimless,casual,haphazard,indiscriminate,unconsidered,unplanned
detach [] vt,分离(unfasten or separate);派遣(to sent on a special mission)
(反)tether ◆ detach 束缚 ◆ 分离
detachment n,超然公正,不偏不倚
detain [] v,拘留(to keep under restraint);阻止(to keep from processing)
(反)detain ◆ manumit 拘留 ◆ 释放
deter vt,制止,威慑
(类)intrepid·deter=rapt·distract 无畏的难以威慑=全神贯注的难以分心
(反)deter ◆ spur 制止 ◆ 激励
deterrent ◆ inducement/incentive 制止 ◆ 引诱/刺激
detergent [ ] n.清洁剂,去污剂
deterioration [] n.恶化;堕落
(类)deterioration ◆ improvement/amelioration 恶化 ◆ 改进/改善
detour [] vi.绕路而行(to avoid by going around ;bypass)
(类)detour·route=digress·topic 绕路而行·路线=偏题·主题
detoxification [] n,解毒
(类)detoxification·poison=neutralization·acid 解毒·毒性=中和·酸性
detract [] v,减去,贬低(to take away a part,as from value or reputation)
(反)detract ◆ extol 谴责 ◆ 赞美
(同)decry,belittle,depreciate,diminish,discount,disparage,dispraise
detrimental [] adj,有害的,不利的(obviously harmful)
detritus [] n,废品(a product of disintegration,destruction);废墟
(反)detritus ◆ valuable product 废品 ◆ 有用的物品
devastate [] v,破坏,蹂躏;压倒,使垮掉
devoid [ ] adj,毫无的,没有的(与of连用)
(例)a criminal utterly devoid of conscience丧近天良的罪犯
A well devoid of water is useless,无水的井没有用途。
devoted [] adj,投入的,深爱的,忠诚的
(类)devoted·zealous=careful·fastidious 深爱的·热情的=细心的·仔细注意的 ()
fanatic·devoted=prude·proper 极端的狂热者·投入的=过分正经的·合乎礼教(程度)
devotional·reverence=elegiac·sorrow 虔诚的·尊敬=挽歌的·悲痛(同义)
devout [] adj,虔诚的(devoted to religion)
(类)religion·devout=canon·orthodoxy 宗教·虔诚的=正典·正统的(后者尊崇前者)
(反)impiety ◆ devoutness 不虔诚 ◆ 虔诚
(同)godly,holy,pious,prayerful,religious
dew [] n,露水
(类)dew·condensation=rust·corrosion 露水·冷凝=锈·腐蚀(前者由后者形成)
dexterous [] adj.心灵手巧的(skillful and competent with the hands)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict 灵巧的·灵巧的操作=预见性的·预言
(同)adroit,clever,deft,handy,neat-handed,nimble
diabolic [] adj.恶魔一般的(devilish; fiendish)
(反)diabolic ◆ benefic 魔鬼一般的 ◆ 慈善的
diabolical ◆ seraphic 魔鬼一般的 ◆ 天使一般的
diaphanous [] adj.精致的,几乎透明的;模糊的,非实在的(vague or insubstantial)
(反)diaphanous ◆ opaque/ impermeable of light 几乎透明的 ◆ 不透明的/实质的/不透光的
diaphanous ◆ substantial 非实在的 ◆ 物质的,实在的
(同)filmy,gauzy,gossamer,sheer,transparent
diatribe [] n.抨击性演说 (a abusive denunciation,criticism or writing )
(类)diatribe·abuse= declamation·grandiloquence 抨击·辱骂=雄辨·豪言壮语(种属)
diatribe·discourse=lullaby·song 抨击性演说·演说=摇篮曲·歌曲(种属)
(反)diatribe ◆ encomium/ laudatory piece of writing 抨击 ◆ 赞美/赞赏作品
dichotomy [] n,两分,二分法,分裂
(记)dicho(二)+tom(切割)
dictate [ ] v,口述;支配,命令(dictator独裁者)
didactic [] adj.教诲的、说教的(intended for instruction ;moralizing or preaching)
(类)didactic·teach=hortatory·urge=comic·amuse=fantastic·amaze(干扰:generous·liberality)
教诲的·教育=激励的·激励=喜剧的·使发笑=奇异古怪的·使惊异(目的)
(同)moral,moralizing,preachy,schoolmasterish,teachy
(例)His speech to the new freshmen was painfully didactic.
他的演说对于新人来说是一种痛苦的说教。
die [] v.模具
(类)die·shaping=drill·boring =reel·winding 模具·成形=钻子·钻孔=线轴·缠绕
diehard [] n.死硬分子(person who vigorously resists change)
(类)diehard·budge=vagary·predict 死硬分子·动摇=奇特行为·预知(难以关系)
diffident [] adj,不自信的,羞怯的(hesitant through lack of self-confidence)
(反)brassy/ brazen 厚颜无耻的nervy 勇敢的bold 大胆的 expansive健谈的
(同)shy,bashful,coy,demure,modest,self-effacing,timid,unassertive,unassured
(记)dif(表否定)+ fid (相信)→不相信自己的,羞怯的 参考:confidence 自信,秘密
diffuse [] adj.罗嗦的,冗长的(being at once verbose and ill-organized)
(类)aphorism·diffuse=euphemism·offensive 箴言·罗嗦的=委婉·冒犯性的
(反)diffuse ◆ succinct 罗嗦的 ◆ 简洁的
(同)redundant,verbose,windy,wordy,long-winded,prolix
digit [] n,手指或脚趾(a human finger or toe)数字
(类)finger·digit=fang·tooth 手指·手指或脚趾=尖牙·牙(前者属于后者)
(记)美国人数学差,掰着手指和脚趾数数字
digress [] v,离题(to turn aside especially from the main subject)
(类)digress·excursive=reiterate·redundant 离题·离题的=重申·累赘的
digressive·topic=stray·group=random·pattern =aberrant·standardt=circuitous·route
离题的·主题=迷路的·人群=随机的·样式=异常的·标准=迂回的·路线(前者偏离后者)
aside·digression=summary·excerpt 偏离·离题=摘要·摘录(同义)
(同)depart,divagate,diverge,excurse,ramble,stray,wander
(记)di+gress 走→走到一边去 离题 参考:congress 议会(记:走到一起开会)
dilapidate [] v,(使)毁坏(to fallen into of decay or partial ruin)
(反)dilapidated ◆ still in use/ restored 荒废的 ◆ 还在使用/ 恢复使用的
(同)ruin,bankrupt,shipwreck,wreck
(记)di(=dis 分开)+lapid 石头→石头被分开→使毁坏 参考:lapidary 宝石商
dilate [] vt,使膨胀,使扩大 (to enlarge or expand in bulk or extent)
(反)dilate ◆ contract/ narrow 使膨胀 ◆ 收缩/使变狭窄
(记)di(=dis 分开)+late(=wide 放大)→放大,膨胀
dilatory [] adj,拖拉的,不慌不忙的(tending to delay or procrastination)
(类)dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖延的·拖拉=不满的·抱怨(同义)
(反)dilatory ◆ precipitate 拖拉的 ◆ 轻率的
dilatoriness ◆ alacrity 拖拉 ◆ 敏捷
(同)leisurely,unhasty,unhurried,slow,deliberate,laggard
dilemma [ ] n.进退两难的局面
dilettante [] n,业余爱好者(dabbler)
(类)dilettante·superficiality=partisan·bias 业余爱好者·肤浅=党派支持者·偏见(正面特征)
(同)nonprofessional,smatterer,tyro,uninitiate
(记)dilet=(delight 高兴)联想:凭兴趣做事的人→业余爱好者
diligent [] adj,勤勉的,辛勤的(constant and earnest in effort and application)
(类)diligent·effort=malign·ill will 勤勉的·努力=有害的·恶意(正面特征)
diligence·effort=satire·lampoon 勤奋·努力=讽刺·讽刺文(正面特征)
(反)procrastination ◆ diligence 拖拉 ◆ 勤勉
(同)asiduous,industrious,sedulous
dilute [] v,稀释(to diminish the strength,flavor,or brilliance of by admixture)
(类)dilute·concentration=slacken·tautness 稀释·浓度=松弛·紧张(动宾关系)
(记)di(=dis 分开)+lute(=wash冲洗)→冲洗达到稀释
list 10 dim -----dolt
dim v,使暗淡,使模糊,使失去光泽
dimension [] n,尺寸;维度
(类)congruent·dimension=coeval·age全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代(形容词及其相关对象)
measure·dimensions=calibrate·diameter量·尺寸=确定口径·直径(动词及其作用对象)
diminish [] v,减少(to make or become smaller,less,or less important)
(反)diminish ◆ increase/escalate 减少 ◆ 增加/增大
din [] n,喧闹声,嘈杂声(a loud continued noise)
(类)din·ear =stench·nose 嘈杂声·耳朵=恶臭·鼻子
(反)din ◆ hush / silence 喧闹声 ◆ 安静/安静
(同)hubbub,pandemonium,tumult,uproar
dingy [] adj,肮脏的,暗黑褪色的(a dark,dull,or dirty color)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附
【注:coarse·polish 为错误选项。粗糙的·磨光 不是反面特征关系,如果换成光滑或者精致就对了粗糙的不光滑,不精致】
diocesan [] adj,主教管区的(a bishop having jurisdiction over a diocese)
(反)diocesan ◆ ecumenical 教区的 ◆ 全世界的
diplomatic [] adj.外交的(of or engaged in diplomacy);老练的(tactful or suave)
(类)diplomatic·tact=genial·bonhomie 有策略的·机智=温和的·温和
diplomat·tact=inventor·ingenuity 外交家·机智=发明家·独创性
dire [] adj.悲惨的,阴惨的(dismal,oppressive);可怕的
(反)dire ◆ pleasant悲惨的 ◆ 快乐的
dirge [] n,挽歌(a song or hymn of grief or lamentation)
(类)dirge·music=elegy·poetry 挽歌·音乐=悲歌·诗情(种属)
dirge·grief=paean·praise 挽歌·忧伤=赞美歌·赞美
disabuse [] v.使省悟,纠正 (to free from error,fallacy,or misconception)
(类)disabuse·fallacy=cure·disease=rehabilitate·addiction=loose·confinement
纠正·错误=治疗·疾病=使复原·沉溺=放松·限制(前者消除后者)
(反)disabuse ◆ lead into error/ mislead 纠正 ◆ 导致错误/误导
disaffected [] adj.不满的,叛离的(discontented especially against authority)
(类)disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment(conviction) =anxious·serenity
不满的·满足=可疑的·托付(确信)=担忧的·平静(形名反义)
disaffected·rebel=officious·meddle 叛离的·造反=多管闲事的·干涉(正面特征)
(反)disaffected ◆ contented /win over/ beloved 不满的 ◆ 满足的/争取过来的
disaffected ◆ beloved 叛离的 ◆ 深爱的
disaffect ◆ mollify 使敌对 ◆ 平息
disarm [] vi.解除武装,缓和,消除敌意(to deprive of reason to be hostile)
(反)disarm ◆ put on guard 解除武装 ◆ 全副武装
bait ◆ disarm 使恼火 ◆ 消除疑虑敌意
disarray [] n.vt,杂乱,混乱(to throw into disorder,confusion)
(类)shipshape·disarray=squalid·cleanliness 井然有序的·杂乱=肮脏的·干净
disavow [] vt,否认,抵赖,不想承担责任(to disclaim responsibility for)
(反)disavow ◆ affirm 否认 ◆ 承认
disavowal ◆ admission/acknowledgement 否认 ◆ 允许/承认
(同)disclaim,deny,disallow,repudiate
discern []v.辨别(to recognize or identify as separate and distinct,discriminate)
(类)discern·acute=believe·gullible辨别·敏锐的=相信·过分相信的(后者过分前者)
insight·discerning=caprice·whimsical洞察力·有洞察力的=任性·反复无常的(同义)
perspicacious·discerning=ravishing·attractive敏锐的·辨别的=销魂的·吸引人的(程度)
discernable·obvious(manifest)=audible·stentorian =palatable·savory
可辨别的·明显的=可听见的·洪亮的=可口的·风味极佳的(程度)
(反)discernment ◆ lack of insight 识别力 ◆ 缺乏洞察力
acumen ◆ unable to discern 敏锐的 ◆ 不能辨别的
myopic ◆ discerning 短视,缺乏辨别力 ◆ 有辨别力的
discharge [] vt.解雇(to dismiss from employment)
(反)discharge ◆ hire 解雇 ◆ 雇佣
disciple [] n.信徒,门徒
(类)disciple·follow=apologist·defend 信徒·追随=辩护者·辩护(正面特征)
discombobulate [] v.使混乱,使仓惶失措(to confuse or disconcert)
(类)discombobulated·order=erratic·consistency 混乱的·秩序=游移的·连续(前缺乏后)
(反)discombobulate ◆ compose 使混乱 ◆ 使安定
discomfit [] v,使窘迫;使沮丧 (to confuse and deject)
(类)discomfit·blush=contempt·sneer 使窘迫·脸红=鄙视·讥笑(后者体现前者)
(反)discomfit ◆ mollify 使窘迫 ◆ 平息
discommode [] v,使不便;打扰(to cause inconvenience to;trouble )
(反)convenience方便 pacificate ease/mollify 安抚assist帮助oblige施恩惠
discompose [] vt,使不安,使烦乱(to destroy the composure of)
(类)discompose·pacific=fabricate·authentic=engage·tedious
使不安·平静的=捏造·真实的=使忙碌·单调乏味的(消除关系)
discompose·placid=fabricate·ingenuous 使不安·平静的=编造·坦白的(消除关系)
(反)discompose ◆ pacificate 使不安 ◆ 使镇静
(同)agitate,bother,discombobulate,dismay,disquiet,disturb,upset
(例)discomposed by the rudeness of his friend他被朋友的粗鲁弄的心烦意乱。
disconcert [] vt,使困惑,使不安(to disturb the self-possession of,perturb)
(反)disconcert ◆ placate 使仓皇失措 ◆ 安抚
(同)embarrass,abash,confound,confuse,discomfit,discountenance,faze
discord [] n,不和谐(lack of agreement or harmony)
(类)discordant·sound=anachronistic·time 声音不和谐的·声音=时代错误的·时代
(反)discord ◆ harmony 声音不和谐的 ◆ 和谐的
(同)conflict,contention,difference,disharmony,dissension,dissent
(例)a household full of turmoil and discord 充满混乱和不和谐的家庭

discredit [] v,羞辱(to injure the reputation)
(类)invective·discredit=exhortation·motivate 辱骂·羞辱=劝诫性的讲话·推动(行为及目的)
discredit·reputation=injure·well-being 羞辱·名誉=损害·健康(前者破坏后者)
discreet [ ] adj.小心的,慎重的,贤明的(circumspect)
discrepancy [] n.差异,矛盾(divergence or disagreement)
(反)discrepancy ◆ converge/ concord 差异 ◆ 汇聚/和睦
discrepant ◆ consonant 不一致的 ◆ 协调一致的
discrete [] adj,分离的,不连续的(apart or detached from others)
(类)discrete·overlap=infinite·exhaust 离散的不会重叠=无穷无尽的不会彻底耗尽
(反)discrete ◆ continuous 不连续的 ◆ 连续的
(同)distinct,different,diverse,separate
discretion []n.慎重(circumspection);判断力(ability to make responsible decisions)
(类)brash·discretion=frivolous·gravity 轻率鲁莽的·慎重=无关紧要的·重大
foolish·discretion=impecunious·money 愚蠢的·判断力=没钱的·钱(前者缺乏后者)
indiscretion·convention=overdose·prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)
discretionary [] adj.随意的,自主决定的(exercised at one's own discretion)
(反)obligatory/ mandatory强制性的 preordain命中注定的
discriminate [] v,区别,差别对待(to note a difference)
(类)epicure·discriminating=spectator·watching=sentinel·watchful
讲究饮食的人·有鉴赏力的=旁观者·观察的=哨兵·警惕的
discriminate·difference=liken·similarity 区别·不同=比拟·相似之处(前者寻找后者)
(反)equitable ◆ discriminatory 公平的 ◆ 差别对待的
(同)difference,differentiate,discern,distinguish
discursive [] adj,散漫的,无主题的(moving from topic to topic without aim)
(反)keen on title关注主题的 succinct简明扼要的concentrated集中的
disdain [] v,轻视,鄙视(treat with scorn or contempt)
(类)snub·disdain=double-cross·disloyalty 冷落·鄙视=叛变·不忠诚(前者体现后者)
(反)disdain ◆ treat favorably/adulation 轻视 ◆ 亲切地对待/谄媚
(同)dispise,abhor,contemn,look down,scorn,scout
disengage [] vt,解开,分开(uncouple; separate; disconnect)
(反)disengage ◆ mesh 分开 ◆ 啮合 【注:engage=mesh 都是机械用语,啮合。】
(同)unbind,undo,unfasten,unfix,unloosen
(派) disengaged 自由的,闲散的
disgorge [] v,吐出(surrender something),呕出(vomit)
(反)disgorge ◆ swallow 吞下ingest咽下
(例)Unwilling to disgorge the cash he had stolen,the embezzler tried to run away.
不愿吐出窃来的钱,这个贪污犯想逃走。
disgruntle [] vt,使不满意(make discontented)
(反)disgruntle ◆ refresh 使不满意 ◆ 使精神振奋
disgruntled ◆ contented 不满意的 ◆ 满足的
disguise [] v.伪装,掩饰(to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed identity)
(类)disguise·identification=camouflage·detection 假装·鉴定=伪装·察觉(防止)
disguise·recognition=padding·damage 假扮·认出=垫料·损害(前者防止后者)
(同)camouflage,dissemble,dissimulate,mask
(例)disguised herself with a wig 用假发伪装自己。
disillusion [ ] n,梦想破灭,醒悟(to free or deprive of illusion)
(例)He disillusioned his fans by his sloppy play.
他草率的表演使他的崇拜者大失所望。
disinclination [] n,不起劲,不感兴趣,厌恶(slight aversion)
(类)aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiration 强烈的厌恶·厌恶=谄媚·赞美(前者过分)
(反)disinclination ◆ leaning/proclivity /bent 厌恶 ◆ 爱好倾向
loquacity ◆ disinclination to speak 多舌 ◆ 不愿说话
(同)dislike,aversion,disfavor,displeasure,dissatisfaction,indisposition
disinfect [] vt,消毒(to free from infection)
(类)antiseptic·disinfect=oil·lubricate 抗菌剂·杀菌=油·润滑
aseptic·disinfection=anesthetic·numbness 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(记)infect 感染,传染

disjointed [] adj.脱节的;杂乱的
(类)disjointed·coherence=banal·originality 杂乱的·一致=陈腐的·新颖(缺乏关系)
(反)disjointed ◆ orderly 杂乱的 ◆ 整齐的
(同)incoherent,disconnected,discontinuous,disordered,inchoate,incohesive
disinter [ ] v.掘出
(反)disinter ◆ bury 掘出 ◆ 埋葬
(同)exhume,disinhume,exhumate,unbury
disinterested [] adj,无偏见的(free from selfish motive or interest;unbiased)
(类)disinterested·partisanship=venal·probity 公平的·党派偏见=贪污的·正直
(反)factional ◆ disinterested 派系的 ◆ 无偏见的
iniquity ◆ disinterestedness 极不公正 ◆ 无偏见
disjunctive [] adj.可分的,分离性的,分隔的(marked by breaks or disunity)
(类)disjunctive·unity=nominal·significance 分离的不统一=有名无实的不重要
dismantle [] vt,拆除...的设备,分解(to take to pieces)
(类)dismantle·unity=adulterate·pristine 拆除·整体=掺假·纯净(前者消除后者)
dismay [] n.沮丧,惊慌v.使沮丧,使惊慌
(反)dismay ◆ hearten 沮丧 ◆ 振作鼓舞
(同)discompose,agitate,bother,disquiet,disturb,fluster,perturb,upset
(例)dismayed by the task that lay ahead 被摆在面前的工作弄得很沮丧。
disparage [] v,贬低,轻视(belittle)
(类)disparage·ignore=scorn·reject 轻视·忽视=轻蔑·拒绝(褒贬)
(反)aggrandize夸大champion拥护extol 赞扬kudos荣誉revere尊敬adulate奉承
(例)Do not disparage anyone's contribution,不要贬低任何人的贡献。
(记)parage 来自 peer(贵族,同辈)dis 表示去除→取消贵族资格→贬低,轻视
disparate [] adj,迥然不同的(basically different);不相关的(unrelated)
(反)disparate ◆ analogous / like / similar 不同的 ◆ 类似的/相似的/相似的
diaparate ◆ homogeneous 不相关的 ◆ 同类的
(记)parate 来自pare 准备,预备,如prepare;dis 分开→分开准备的→不相关的,全异的
dispassionate [] adj.冷静的(calm);公正的(impartial)
(反)dispassionate ◆ responsive 冷静的 ◆ 反应迅速的
dispassionate ◆ partial /biased 公正的 ◆ 偏袒的/偏袒的
(同)neutral,colorless,detached,disinterested,impersonal,unpassioned
(记)passion 激情,热情 参考:compassion 同情,怜悯
dispatch [] n,迅捷(speedy action) v,派遣,一下做完
(反)dispatch ◆ leisureliness 迅速 ◆ 悠然
(记)这个词与patch 碎片没有任何关系;记时与package 包裹一起联想:快速分发包裹,快件。

dispose [] vt,使倾向(incline)vi.处理掉(与of连用)
(类)recycle·disposal=rehabilitate·demolition 重复利用·处理掉=修复·摧毁破坏(反义)
(反)disposed ◆ disinclined 有倾向的 ◆ 无倾向的
(记)pose 词义摆姿势;作为词根的意思是安排,布置→dispose 处置
(例)The low salary did not dispose him to accept the position,低薪使他不想接受这项工作。
Man proposes,God disposes,谋事在人,成事在天。(这里dispose是处理、安排的意思)
(派)disposed 愿意的,倾向干的;disposal n,清除,处理
disregard [] v.不重视,漠视
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 愚弄嘲笑·漠视=嘲弄·公然挑战(前者表达后者)
(反)disregard ◆ nurture 漠视 ◆ 培育
(同)neglect,discount,forget,ignore,overlook,overpass,slight
(记)regard 重视,尊敬
disrupt [] vt,使分裂(to break apart);扰乱,打断(to disturb or interrupt)
(类)saboteur·disrupt=apologist·defend 蓄意破坏者·打断破坏=辩解者·辩护
(记)rupt 断裂 参考:rupture 破裂
dissect [] vt.vi,解剖,切成碎片(to cut apart to examine the structure)
(类)specimen·dissect=sentence·parse 样本·仔细剖析=句子·语法分析(后者分析前者)
(记)sect 宗派,部分,段 与sequ(跟随)同源;dis(分开)+ sect(部分)→解剖,切碎
dissemble [] v,用假象隐藏真相、掩饰;假装(to put on a false appearance)
(类)dissemble·honesty=snub·politeness 掩饰·诚实=冷落怠慢·礼貌(前者缺乏后者)
dissemble·information=masquerade·feeling 隐藏·信息事实=伪装·感情
ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢
(反)dissemble ◆ behave honestly 隐藏 ◆ 诚实
dissembling ◆ candid 隐藏的 ◆ 坦白的
(同)camouflage,cloak,dissimulate,dress up,mask
(记)semble 相像,真相 与simulate(模仿,假装)同源;dis 消除→使不象→隐藏真相,假装
disseminate [] vt,广泛散播、传播(to scatter or spread widely)
(类)disseminate·information=foment·discontentment 散步·信息=煽动·不满(动宾)
(反)disseminate ◆ garner/ nucleate 散播 ◆ 储存/聚集成核【注:garner v,储存 n,谷仓】
(同)circulate,diffuse,disperse,distribute,propagate,radiate
(记)dis 分散+ seminate 播种→广泛散播 参考:seminal 种子的semen 精子,种子
dissension [ ] n,意见不合,纠纷,倾轧(strong disagreement or discord)
(反)concord ◆ dissension 一致和谐 ◆ 意见不合
(同)conflict,contention,difference,disaccord,dissidence
(记)参考:dissent 不同意 assent 赞成,同意 consent 同意,赞成
dissent [] vi,持异议,不同意,不墨守成规(to differ in opinion or sentiment)
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 持异议者不正统=独来独往者不合群
(反)dissent ◆ conform 不同意 ◆ 使顺从
(同)disaccord,disagree,discord,divide,vary
(记)sent 感觉→感觉不同,当然意见不一。参考:sentiment 感情 sensation 感觉,感情
dissident n.有不同意见者,持不同政见者(one who disagrees; a dissenter)
dissipate [] vt,驱散(dispel);浪费(squander);放纵(to be dissolute)
(类)husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节约·浪费=敏捷·拖拉(反义)
dissipation·temperation=fecundity·sterility 放荡·自我节制=多产·不肥沃(反义)
(反)dissipate ◆ accumulate/ gather/amass 驱散 ◆ 积累/积聚/积聚
(记)同disperse驱散,疏散一起记
dissolute [] adj.放荡的(indifferent to moral restrains)
(类)libertine·dissolute=wag·humorous 放荡不羁的人·放荡的=风趣的人·幽默风趣的
(同)abandonde,licentious,profligate,reprobate,self-abandoned,unprincipled
(记)solute 溶解;不要看成salute 敬礼;不过可以拿过来助记→不敬礼→不遵礼节→放荡的
dissolve [] v,溶解(to cause to pass into solution);解散(disintegrate)
(类)dissolve·insoluble=bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant
溶解·不溶的=弯曲·坚硬不可弯曲的=浸没·有浮力的
solvent·dissolve=coagulant·thicken=caustic·burn
溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·变浓厚=腐蚀剂·灼烧(药剂功用)
clot·dissolved=crowd·dispersed 凝块·溶解的=人群·被驱散的
(反)consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散
dissolve ◆ coagulate 溶解 ◆ 凝结
dissonance [] n.不和谐(lack of agreement,harmony)
(反)dissonance ◆ concord 不和谐 ◆ 和谐
(同)discord,difference,disaccord,disharmony
(记)son 表示声音sound
dissuade [] vt,劝阻(to deter by advice or persuasion)
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreaty 提出异议反对·劝阻=恳求·请求(同义)
remonstrance·dissuade=reprehension·censure 抗议·劝阻=斥责·指责(同义)
resolute·dissuade=obstreperous·control 坚决的难以劝阻=任性的难以控制
inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 无动于衷的·劝阻=不可征服的·征服
(反)dissuade ◆ abet/ enhance 劝阻 ◆ 怂恿并帮助/促进
(同)deter,disadvise,discourage,divert
(记)参考:persuade 说服
distain [] v,贬损,伤害名誉
(类)contemptible·distain=hilarious·laugh 可鄙的·贬损=欢闹的·笑(形容词与其相关对象)
(记)stain 污点→贬损 参考,taint 污点 tain锡箔
distal [] adj远离中心的,(神经)末梢的(situated away from the point of attachment or origin or
a central point especially of the body)
(反)distal ◆ proximal 远离中心的 ◆ 接近中心的,最接近的
【注】proximal:next to or nearest the point of attachment or origin,a central point,or the
point of view;especially:located toward the center of the body 最接近的
(记)与 distant 遥远的 一起记
distend [] n,膨胀(expand;swell out)
(反)distend ◆ constrict 膨胀 ◆ 压缩
distention ◆ compression 膨胀 ◆ 压缩
(记)tend=tent(满足)联想:人自满的时候容易膨胀 参考:distent a.膨胀的 content 满足的
distill [] v,蒸馏
(类)distill·pure=liquefy·fluid 蒸馏·纯净的=使液化·流动的(前者造成后者)
distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏提高纯度=发酵扩大体积
distillate·purity=synopsis·conciseness 馏出物·纯=大纲·简明 【注:distillate n.馏出物】
(记)still=(drop 滴)参考:instill 滴注,慢慢灌输
distinction [] n,区别,不同;特色
distort [] vt,扭曲,歪曲(to reproduce or amplify inaccurately)
(类)distortion·caricature=brevity·aphorism 歪曲·滑稽模仿=简短·箴言(前者是后者特征)
(记)tort=torq 扭曲 参考:torque 扭矩 torture 拷问,曲解 contort 扭曲

distract [] vt,转移,分心(to divert in the mind);使发狂(to disturb or trouble greatly)
(类)rapt·distract=intrepid·deter 全心投入的·分心=无畏的·威吓
(反)rapt ◆ distracted 全心投入的 ◆ 分心的
(记)tract 拉 参考:contract 合同 tractor 拖拉机 retract 缩回

distraught [] adj,心神狂乱的,极其烦恼的(bewildered)
(类)troubled·distraught=covetous·rapacious 扰乱的·极其烦恼的=渴望的·贪婪的(程度)
(反)distraught ◆ composed 心神狂乱的 ◆ 镇静的
(同)distracted,distrait,distressed,harassed,troubled,worried
(记)distract 的过去分词
ditty [] n,小调,小曲(an especially simple and unaffected song)
(类)fable·tale=ditty·song 寓言(通常短小的故事)·故事=小曲·歌曲(种属)
ditty·oratorio=anecdote·novel 小曲·清唱剧=轶事·小说(种属)
(记)来自dict 说,口头 联想:口头流传的→小调 参考:dictator 独裁者

diurnal [] adj,白昼的,白天的(occurring in the daytime; daily)
(类)diurnal ◆ nocturnal/ chiefly active at night 白昼的 ◆ 夜晚的/在夜间活动的
(记)di=day

diverge [] vi,分歧;岔开(vary; go in different directionsfrom the same point )
(类)diverge·apart=traverse·across 分岔·分开地=横越·交叉(同义)
ad-lib·impromptu=aside·divergent 即兴地·即席的=在旁边·分岔的(副词形容词同义)
(反)diverge ◆ come together 分歧 ◆ 一致
divergence ◆ unification/ confluence 分歧 ◆ 统一/汇合
(同)digress,depart,ramble,stray,wander;differ,disagree
diversity [] n.差异;多样性
(反)diversity ◆ uniformity 多样性 ◆ 一致性
(同)variety,diverseness,multiformity,multiplicity,variousness
divert [] vt.使转向(to turn from one course or use to another,deflect)
(类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 使转向·使车转向=减速·刹车(行为及其交通上的行为)

divestiture [] n,剥夺,脱衣 (the act of divesting)
(反)divestiture ◆ acquisition 剥夺 ◆ 获得
divest ◆ endow 剥夺 ◆ 捐赠,
divulge [] vt.泄漏秘密(to make known as a secret)
(反)divulge ◆ keep secret 泄漏秘密 ◆ 保密
(同)reveal,betray,disclose,discover,unclose
dodder [] vi,摇摆,蹒跚(to progress feebly and unsteadily)
(类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 摇摆蹒跚·不平稳的=雀跃·活泼的
dodge [] v.避开,躲避(to evade by a sudden or repeated shift of position)
(类)dodge·blow=escape·capture 躲避·打击=逃避·捕获
(同)duck,fence,parry,shirk,sidestep; equivocate
(例)The child dodged through the crowd,那小孩在人群中躲躲闪闪
(记)谐音:“躲之”→避开,躲避
doff [] vt,脱(to take off);丢弃;废除
(反)doff ◆ don 脱下 ◆ 穿上
(记)d+off
dogged [] adj,顽固的,顽强的(marked by stubborn determination)
(反)dogged ◆ easily discouraged/ yielded 顽固的 ◆ 容易气馁的/屈服的
(同)obstinate,inflexible,adamant,persisitent
doggerel [] adj,歪诗的n.打油诗(crude or trivial poetry)
(类)doggerel·poem=sketch·draw 打油诗·诗=草图·图(种属)
doggerel·verse=potboiler·article 打油诗·诗=蹩脚文章·文章(种属)
【注:potboiler:蹩脚文章,蹩脚作家】
dogma [] n,教条(something held as an established opinion)
(类)dogma·iconoclast=convention·maverick
教条·提倡打破旧习的人=习俗·特立独行者
(反)dogma ◆ heresy 教条 ◆ 异端学说
(派)dogmatist n,教条主义者,武断者
doldrums [] n,情绪低落(a dull,depressed mood)
(类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 情绪低落·精力=堕落·美德(前者缺乏后者)
(同)tedium,boredom,ennui,yawn
(记)doldr(=dole悲哀)参考:dolorous悲哀的doleful悲哀的,忧愁的indolent懒惰的
dolorous [] adj,悲哀的,忧愁的(full of or cause pain or sorrow)
(反)dolorous ◆ jubilant / happy / jovial 悲哀忧愁的 ◆ 欢腾的/高兴的
(同)woeful,afflicted,doleful,dolent,miserable,rueful,sorrowful,wretched
dolt [] n,呆子,笨蛋,傻瓜(a blockhead ;dunce)
(类)dolt·stupid=wag·humorous 傻瓜·愚蠢的=小丑·滑稽的
(同)dunce,chump,dolthead,fathead,lunkhead,oaf
(记)谐音:逗他。这是很多人对傻瓜的态度。
list 11 domicile --------encomium
domicile [] n.住所,住宅(a dwelling place·place of residence)
(类)nomad·domicile=freelancer·employer 游牧民·住所=自由作家·老板(前者没有后者)
(记)dom家 参考:dome 圆屋顶 domestic 家庭的
domination [] n,支配,控制(supremacy or preeminence over another)
(类)servile·domination=gullible·chicanery 卑屈的·支配=易受骗的·欺骗(容易被)
(反)dominant ◆ recessive [生]显性的 ◆ [生]隐性的
don [] vt,穿上(to put on or dress in an article of clothing)
(反)doff ◆ don 脱 ◆ 穿
donor [] n,捐赠人(one that gives,donates,or presents something)
(类)gift·donor=legacy·predecessor 礼物·捐赠人=遗产·先辈(前者来自后者)
doodle [] n,v,乱写,乱画(to draw or scribble idly)
(类)draw·doodle=travel·ramble 画·乱画=旅行·漫步
dormant [] adj.休眠的,静止的,不活跃的(lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive)
(类)dormant·inactivity=malleable·plasticity 不活跃的·不活跃=可塑的·可塑性(形名同义)
(反)dormancy ◆ activity 休眠 ◆ 活跃
(同)latent,abeyant,lurking,potential,prepatent,quiescent
dour [] adj.严肃的,严厉的(sullen; gloomy; severe ;stern)
(类)dour·geniality=bumptious·humbleness 严厉的·温和=傲慢的·谦逊
(反)dour ◆ congenial/genial/ jocund 严厉的 ◆ 温和的/欢乐的
douse [ daus ] vt,把…浸入水中,弄湿
(反)ignite点燃
dowdy [ ] adj,衣衫褴褛的,寒酸的
downplay [] vt,低估,轻描淡写(to minimize the significance of);贬低(play down)
(反)underscore强调 vaunt自夸
downpour [] n,暴雨,倾盆大雨(a heavy,drenching rain)
(类)downpour·flooding=wind·erosion 暴雨·泛滥=风·侵蚀(因果)
doyen [] n,老资格,首席(the senior member of a body or group)
(类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征)
(记)谐音“导爷”;中国最早一批下海者→老资格的
doze [] vi.瞌睡;假寐(to fall into a light sleep; nap)
(类)doze·sleep=nudge·prod 瞌睡·睡觉=轻推·推动(程度)

drab [ ] adj,土褐色的,单调的
draconian [] adj,严峻的,苛刻的(cruel; severe)
(类)draconian·inclemency=fretted·vexation 严峻的·严酷=烦恼的·烦恼(形名同义)
draconian·severity=palmy·prosperity 严峻的·严格=繁荣的·繁荣(形名同义)
(反)indulgent放纵的 mild温柔的genial亲切的 lenient宽大仁慈的
(同)rigid,ironhanded,rigorist,rigorous,strict,stringent,unpermissive
drawl [] v,懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说(to utter in a slow lengthened tone)
(类)drawl·speak=inch·move=lope·run 慢慢说·说=慢慢移动·移动=大步子慢跑·跑
(记)draw拉 拉着长音说话→懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说
dreary [] adj,沉闷的 (having nothing likely to provide cheer)
(反)dreary ◆ jocund 沉闷的 ◆ 欢乐的
(同)gloomy,depressive,dismal,dispiriting,oppressive,somber
drench [] v.湿透,浸透(to wet thoroughly)
(类)drenched·wet=antithetic·different 湿透的·湿的=对立的·不同的(程度)
(同)soak,impregnate,saturate,seethe,sodden,sop,souse,steep

drivel [] vi.说傻话n.胡言乱语,傻话(silly or meaningless talk)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 无意义的·傻话=夸大的·夸大言辞
(记)谐音(追我)mm对gg说,“就凭你也敢追我——简直是胡说八道”
drizzle [] n./v,下毛毛雨,毛毛雨(a very light rain)
(反)drizzle ◆ deluge 毛毛雨 ◆ 大洪水
(记)来自drop滴
droll [] adj,古怪的,滑稽的,好笑的(having a humorous,whimsical,or odd quality)
(类)droll·laugh=grisly·flinch 好笑的·笑=可怕的·退缩
(反)droll ◆ grave/ serious 严肃的 somber 忧郁的
(记)参考:doll 洋娃娃,玩偶

drone [] vt.嗡嗡地说出,单调而低沉地说(to make a continued,low,monotonous sound)
(类)drone·monotonous=stammer·halting=hiss·sibilant
单调低沉地说·单调的=结巴地说·结结巴巴的=嘘声·咝咝声的
(反)drone ◆ speak animatedly 单调低沉地说 ◆ 有活力地说
drudgery [] n,苦差,苦工(dull,irksome,and fatiguing work)
(反)drudgery ◆ rewarding work 苦差 ◆ 美差
(记)drudge 做苦工的人 比较:trudge 跋涉 dredge 挖泥船
dubious [] adj,可疑的;不确定的(inclined to doubt ;questionable)
(类)disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment 不满的·满足=可疑的·确信
(反)dubious ◆ certain 不确定的 ◆ 确定的
indubitable ◆ questionable 不容置疑的 ◆ 值得怀疑的
(同)doubtful,dubitable,equivocal,problematic,suspect,uncertain,unclear,undecided
ductile [] n.有延展性的(capable of being drawn out or hammered thin)
(类)ductility·malleable=toxicity·poisonous 延展性·延展性的=毒性·有毒的(同义)
(同)plastic,adaptable,malleable,moldable,pliable,pliant,supple
dulcet [] adj.(声音)悦耳的(pleasing to the ear; melodious)
(反)dulcet ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)euphonic,euphonious,mellisonant,melodic,sweet,tuneful
dullard [] n.愚人,笨蛋(a stupid or insensitive person)
(反)dullard ◆ wit 愚人 ◆ 机智的人
(同)dunce,dullhead,dumbbell,dummy,idiot,ignoramus,moron,simpleton,stupid
dune [] n.沙丘(a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind)
(类)sand·dune=word·sentence 沙·沙丘=词语·句子(组成关系)
dupe [] n,傻瓜,易受骗的人v.欺骗(to delude by underhand methods)
(类)credulous·dupe=insensitive·boor 轻信的·易受骗的人=感觉迟钝的·粗人
trusting·dupe=reverent·idolater 容易相信的·易受骗的人=恭敬的·崇拜者
duplicity [] n,两面派,伪善(double-dealing; hypocrisy)
(类)dupe·duplicity=callous·impassive 欺骗·伪善=无情的·冷漠(同义)
dwindle [] v.逐渐缩小;衰落(to become gradually less until little remains)
(类)dwindle·decrease=crawl·proceed 逐渐缩小·减少=爬行·前进(逐渐·正常)
(反)dwindle ◆ increase 缩小 ◆ 增加
(同)abate,bate,diminish,drain (away),lessen,reduce,taper
dyspeptic [] adj,消化不良的;阴郁的;脾气坏的(of or displaying a morose disposition)
(反)dyspeptic ◆ genial 脾气坏的 ◆ 和蔼的
(同)bad-tempered,hot-tempered,ill-humored,ill-natured,tempersome
(记)dys(病)+ peptic 胃蛋白酶的→消化不良;参考:pepsy 百事可乐的商标
dyslexia [] n.[医] 阅读障碍
(类)dyslexia·read= insomnia·sleep 阅读障碍症·阅读=失眠症·睡觉
(记)dys(病)+lex 词语+ ia 病后缀
dyspeptic
eaglet [] n.小鹰;小雕(a young eagle)
(类)eaglet·bird=fawn·mammal 小鹰·鸟类=小羊·哺乳动物
(记)let(表示小的后缀)
earnest [] adj.认真的;诚恳的(proceeding from an serious state of mind)
(反)earnest ◆ facetious 认真的 ◆ 轻浮的
(同)grave,sedate,sober,solemn,somber,staid,weighty
(例)If you work in earnest,you will succeed,认真工作就会成功。
earplug [] n.耳塞(an ornament inserted in the lobe of the ear to distend it)
(类)earplug·noise=shield·impact 耳塞防止噪音=盾防止冲击
earshot [] n.听力所及的范围(the range within which the voice may be heard)
(类)earshot·hear=ken·see 听力范围·听=视野范围·看(行为及其范围)
(记)shot→射程
earsplitting adj.震耳欲聋的(distressingly loud or shrill)
(类)earsplitting·loud=heartrending·sad 震耳欲聋·响亮的=心碎的·伤心的(程度)
(同)loud,blaring,piercing,roaring,stentorian
(记)声音大得把ear都split(撕裂)
easel [ ] n,画架(An upright frame for supporting something,such as an artist's canvas)
(类)easel·canvas=tripod·camera 画架·画布=三角架·照相机(事物及其支持物)
【注】frame·photograph 绝对错误;本题强调支撑,而不是frame
(记)ease(容易,不费力)+ l 联想:画架让画画不费力更容易了。
eavesdrop [] v.偷听(to listen secretly to what is said in private)
(类)eavesdrop·conversation=trespass·property 偷听谈话=擅闯领地
eavesdrop·hear=shadow·follow 偷听·听到=尾随·跟随 (偷偷·正常)
eavesdrop·listen=collude·cooperate 偷听·听=阴谋·合作 (偷偷·正常)
listener·eavesdropper=observer·spy 听者·偷听者=观察者·间谍(种属)
(记)在drop(滴着)檐水的eaves(屋檐)下偷听
ebullient [] adj.热情奔放的(showing excitement)
(反)ebullient ◆ tepid 热情奔放的 ◆ 不热烈的
ebullience ◆ lifelessness 无生气 impassiveness 无感情 torpor 无精打采
ebullient ◆ torpid 热情奔放的 ◆ 无精打采的(干扰:insensitive迟钝的)
【注】ebullient和torpid主要强调一种心理状态,情绪。是可以变化的。
而insensitive指的是一种性格或生理特点,是难以变化的。
(同)exuberant,brash,effervescent,vivacious
(记)e+bull(公牛)→一群公牛;联想:象公牛一样热情奔放
eccentric [] adj.古怪的(odd;whimsical;irregular)n.行为古怪者
(类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征)
eccentric·unconventional=hero·admirable行为古怪者不符常规=英雄令人钦佩(正面特征)
(反)eccentric ◆ ordinary 古怪的 ◆ 常规的
(同)erratic,idiosyncratic,peculiar,queer,singular,weird
(记)ec(反)+centric(中心)→偏离中心的,偏离常规的,古怪的
(例)One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in it,
他的怪癖之一是睡在床底下,而不睡在床上。
echelon [ ] n,梯队(军队的一种队形);等级
(记)谐音:“一车人”联想:一车人组成一个梯队
eclat [] n.辉煌成就(a notable success)
(反)eclat ◆ fiasco 大成功 ◆ 大失败
(记)谐音:一克拉的(钻石)联想:钻石级的——代表辉煌成就。
eclipse [] n.v.日月蚀;使黯然失色(darken;extinguish)
(类)eclipse·prestige=enfeeble·vigor 使声望黯淡=使精力衰弱
(反)make distinctive 使与众不同 make more prominent 使更加卓越
(记)真难记,因为ellipse(椭圆)捣乱。仔细观察:e+clips夹子+e 联想:两个e被几个夹子夹住手脚,不能发挥优势,因此逐渐黯然失色,泯然众人矣。
ecstasy [] n.v.狂喜(a state of being overwhelming emotion)
(类)pleasure·ecstasy=surprise·astonishment 高兴·狂喜=奇怪·震惊(程度)
(反)ecstasy ◆ self-control 狂喜 ◆ 自制
(同)rapture,exultant,exhilaration
(记)ec(反)+stat(平静)=不平静→狂喜的
ecumenical [] adj.世界范围的;一般性的;特指世界范围基督教的
(类)ecumenical·generality=entire·integrity 一般性的·一般性=完全的·完整(形名同义)
(反)ecumenical ◆ diocesan 世界范围基督教的 ◆ 主教管辖特定小教区的
ecumenical ◆ factional/provincial 世界范围的 ◆ 派别的/狭隘的
(同)universal,catholic,worldwide
(记)e(谐音:一)+cu(谐音:苦)+men(人)→一群苦命人 联想:一群苦命人组成这个世界。
eddy [] n.v.漩涡(a current moving contrary to the direction of the main current)
(类)eddy·stream=anomaly·trend 旋涡·溪流=异常·趋势 (异常·正常)
(记)相关词ebb:退潮(to fall back from the flood stage)
edible [] adj.可食用的(fit to be eaten:)
(类)edible·eat=potable·drink 可食用的能吃=可饮用的能喝
(同)comestible,eatable,esculent
edifice [] n.大厦;大建筑物(an elaborate conceptual structure)
(类)edifice·buttress=limb·splint 扶壁支撑大厦=夹板固定肢体
edifice·tower=barrier·rampart 塔楼是一种大建筑物=壁垒是一种障碍物
blueprint·edifice=syllabus·course 蓝图·大厦=课程提纲·课程(前者规划后者)
(记)来自edify:启发。大厦(edifice)是经启发后精心建构的
eerie [] a,怪诞的,可怕的,奇异的,不安的(strange and frightening)
(例)It's eerier in a dark wood,在黑暗的树林里令人恐怖不安。
efface [] v,擦掉;抹去;磨灭(rub out)
(反)aggrandize夸大blazon/emboss装饰bring to preeminent卓越institute建立
(记)ef(否定,去掉)+face(脸上)=(从脸上)抹去
(例)Efface unpleasant memories of the past,忘却过去不愉快的回忆。
effervesce [] vi.冒泡(bubble)欢腾(show liveliness or exhilaration)
(类)effervescence·feeling=fury·anger 欢腾·情绪=狂怒·怒 (程度)
(反)effervescence ◆ be flat/ lassitude 欢腾 ◆ 平淡/ 疲乏倦怠
effervesce ◆ droop 欢腾 ◆ 消沉
effervescent ◆ still 欢腾的 ◆ 平静的
(同)ebullience,buoyancy,exuberance,exuberancy
(记)ef(强调)+fervid(热的;热情的)+ esce→热情,欢腾
effete [] adj.衰老的;疲惫的(no longer fertile)
(反)effete ◆ hale/ sound 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的
(记)ef(不)+fete(=fetus新生儿)联想:不再象新生儿一样:走向衰老的。
effluvium [] n,臭气(noxious smell);没用的副产品(pl.effluvia)
(反)effluvia ◆ desired products 无用之副产品 ◆ 有用的产品
(记)flu 流出→流出的东西→废物,废气→无用的副产品 参考:effluent 流出物,污水
effrontery [] n.厚颜无耻;冒犯胆大(brazen boldness; presumptuousness)
(反)effrontery ◆ decorum 厚颜无耻 ◆ 正派得体
effrontery ◆ timidity 冒犯胆大 ◆ 胆小
effulgence [] adj.光辉,灿烂(radiant splendor;brilliance)
(类)effulgent·resplendence=bootless·futility 光辉的·辉煌=无用的·无用(名形同义)
(记)fulgent 本身是一个词:灿烂的
effusive [] adj,感情横溢的;喷发的(pouring forth;gushing)
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 涌出·喷发的=大怒·发怒的(名形同义)
(反)effusive ◆ lack of emotion/ reticent 感情横溢的 ◆ 缺乏感情的/ 沉默寡言的
effusive ◆ torpid 感情横溢的 ◆ 麻木的,麻木不仁的(干扰:insensitive不敏感的)
(记)fuse(导火线)→爆发
(例)effusive in one’s gratitude,感激之情溢于言表
egalitarian [] n.adj.平等主义(的)
(类)egalitarian·equity=meliorism·progress 平等主义追求平等=改良论追求改进
(记)来自equal 平等的
egoism [] n,利己主义(a doctrine that self-interest is the valid end)
(反)egoism ◆ altruism 利己主义 ◆ 利他主义
(记)ego(自我)参考:egocentric 自我中心的 egotist 自私自利的人
elaborate [] v.详述 adj.精细的;详尽的(full of detail)
(类)elaborate·sketch=fawn·imperiousness 详述·概述=奉承·专横(反义)
(反)elaborate ◆ abstract/ simplify 详述 ◆ 摘要/ 简化
(同)complex,complicated,intricate,knotty,labyrinthine,sophisticated
(记)花很多labor(操劳)和心思在上面→详述
elastic [] adj.有弹性的;能伸展的(easily resuming original shape after being stretched)
(类)elastic·expand=viable·live 能伸展的·伸展=能活的·活
ephemeral·endure=inelastic·stretch 短暂的无法持久=无弹性的无法伸展
(反)inelastic ◆ extended 无弹性的 ◆ 延伸的
(同)flexible,resilient,stretch,supple
(记)last有持久延展的意思 例如:The war lasted four years,战争持续了四年
elate [] adj,兴高采烈的(elated) v.使兴奋(to fill with joy)
(反)elate ◆ depress 使兴奋 ◆ 使沮丧
elated ◆ despondent 兴高采烈的 ◆ 沮丧的
elated ◆ hangdog 兴高采烈的 ◆ 垂头丧气的(downcast)
elation ◆ dejection/ wretchedness 高兴 ◆ 沮丧/ 可怜,悲惨
(同)excite,exhilarate,inspire,spirit(up),stimulate
(记)e(=ex向外)+late(=wide 放大)→心情好自然情绪向外释放。参考:dilate 扩大,膨胀
elbow [] n.肘(the joint of the human arm)
(类)elbow·joint=heart·organ 肘属于关节=心脏属于器官
(记)谐音:埃尔伯(拜仁慕尼黑球星),联想:埃尔伯是拜仁的左膀右臂
eleemosynary [] adj.施舍的;慈善的(supported by charity)
(类)philanthropist·eleemosynary 慈善家特点是慈善的
(同)charitable,altruistic,benevolent,humane,humanitarian,philanthropic
(记)e+lee+m(谐音:一粒米)+mosy(=mercy)→一粒米表达同情→施舍,慈善
elegy [] n.哀歌(诗);挽歌(诗)(poem or song expressing lamentation)
(类)elegy·poem=paean·song=tango·dance 挽诗·诗=赞歌·歌=探戈·舞(种属)
elegy·sorrow=hymn·praise=satire·ridicule=eulogy·admiration
哀歌表达悲伤=赞歌表达赞美=讽刺文学表达嘲弄=颂词表达钦佩
elegiac·sorrow=devotional·reverence 哀悼的·悲伤=虔诚的·尊敬(形名同义)
elephantine [] adj.象的;巨大的having enormous size or strength
(反)elephantine ◆ microscopic 巨大的 ◆ 微细的
(记)来自 elephant 大象
elevate [] v.举起;提升(rank or status);振奋(moral,intellect,culture,spirits)
(反)elevation ◆ debasement 提升 ◆ 降低
(记)lev(向上举起)参考:levity 轻浮
elicit [] vt,引出;引起(draw out by discussion)
(反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 唤起 ◆ 不能引起
(同)educe,evince,evoke,extort,extract,milk
(记)e(=ex向外)+licit(合法的;准许的)→准许出来→引出,引起
ellipsis [] n.省略;省略号(marks indicating an omission or a pause)
(类)apostrophes·word=ellipsis·sentence 撇号省略字=省略号省略句子
elliptical [] adj.椭圆的;省略的;朦胧含糊的
(反)elliptical ◆ palpable 朦胧含糊的 ◆ 明显的
(记)分别作为ellipse(椭圆);ellipsis(省略);eclipse(日月蚀)的adj.形式观察这三个词,eclipse的特征是中间有个clip(夹子),想象日月被夹子夹住形成日月蚀。ellipsis
特征是后面的sis,联想她是sister 被省略了ter。参考:elapse时光流逝
elucidate [] v,阐明;说明(explain;enlighten)
(类)elucidate·clarity=abet·encouragement 阐明使清晰=教唆使鼓励
(反)elucidate ◆ garble/obfuscate/obscure 阐明 ◆ 混淆/混乱/晦涩
(同)clarify,clear up,explain,illuminate,illustrate
(记)参考:lucid 明晰的
elude [ ] v,逃避,躲避
(例)The fox succeeded in eluding the hunters,
狐狸成功地逃脱了猎人的追捕。
elusive [ ] adj.,难懂的,令人困惑的
emaciate [] v,使憔悴(to make feeble);减肥
(类)emaciated·thin=apoplectic·angry
憔悴的·瘦=易怒的·生气(褒贬)【注:非程度】
(反)emaciate ◆ invigorate/fatten 使憔悴 ◆ 鼓舞/变胖
(例)She was emaciated by long illness,由于长期生病她变得消瘦了。
emancipate [] v.解放(to free from bondage)
(反)emancipate ◆ shackle 解放 ◆ 束缚
emancipation ◆ bondage 解放 ◆ 束缚
(同)discharge,liberate,manumit
(记)man(手)把手解放出来—>解放。参考:manuscript 手稿
embargo [] n.(贸易)禁运令;封港令(ban on commerce)
(类)embargo·commerce=quarantine·contact 禁运阻止贸易=隔离阻止接触
(记)bar(酒吧)+go 联想:酒吧搬走了,因为禁港令。
embark [] vi.上船;开始从事(commence)
(类)embarkment·journey=debut·career 上船开始旅行=初次登场开始职业生涯
(反)conclude ◆ embark on 结束 ◆ 开始从事
(记)bark(树皮)联想:用树皮做成独木舟—>上船
embarrass [] vt.使困窘(to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease);妨碍(impede)
(类)blush·embarrassment=yawn·sleepiness 脸红表示困窘=打呵欠表示想睡
catastrophe·mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大灾难·不幸=耻辱·困窘 (程度)
embarrass·shame=console·comfort 使困窘·羞愧=安慰·舒心(后者是前者的结果)
embarrass·mortify=indulge·mollycoddle 使困窘·使苦恼=纵容·溺爱 (同义)
disembarrass·entanglement 使摆脱困扰·困扰(前者消除后者)
(同)abash,confuse,discomfit,disconcert,discountenance,faze,rattle
(记)bar(栅栏;障碍)使受到阻碍→妨碍,使困窘
embed [] vt,嵌入,放入(enclose;place in something)
(反)embed ◆ extract 放入 ◆ 取出
(记)bed 本身除床外,做动词时也有嵌入的的义项
embellish [ ] v,修饰,装饰;渲染(decorate)
(记)Bell美 参考:Belle美女,美妇
embezzle [] vt.盗用;挪用(to appropriate fraudulently to one's own use)
(类)embezzle·funds=usurp·power 盗用款项=篡夺权力
embezzlement·fraud=forgery·counterfeit 盗用·诈骗=伪造·假冒(前者为后者手段)
(同)misappropriate,peculate
(记)bezzant(拜占庭帝国时银币名)
embolden [] v.壮胆;鼓励(to instill with boldness or courage)
(反)embolden ◆ abash/ appall/ boggle/ cow/ daunt/ faze/ thwart
使大胆 ◆ 使不安/使胆寒/使惊奇犹豫/吓唬/使胆怯/使狼狈扰乱/阻挠
(记)en(使)+bold(大胆的)
emboss [] vt.饰以浮饰;使凸出来;浮雕装饰(to ornament with raised work)
(反)emboss ◆ flatten out 使凸出来 ◆ 使平坦
(记)boss 原义:a protuberant part or body 将军肚 联想:因老板肚子常常凸起后引申为老板。
embrace [] n.v.拥抱;乐于接受(to take up especially readily or gladly)
(类)embrace·affection=blush·embarrassment拥抱表示爱=脸红表示困窘
(反)embrace ◆ abjure/ abrogate /eschew/ ostracize/ renounce /spurn
乐于接受 ◆ 誓绝/废除/避免/放逐/放弃/摒弃
(记)brace:支持 参考:bracket 支架,括弧
embroider [] v.刺绣(to ornament with needlework)
(类)embroider·cloth=chase·metal 在布料上刺绣=在金属上雕琢
(记)em(加强)+broid(= braid 编织)→编织,刺绣
emigrate [] v.(使)移居;(使)移民
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 移民了又被遣返=批准了又被撤消
emigrate·exile=enlist·conscript移民·驱逐=从军·强制入伍(后者强制)
(记)来自migrate 反义词,immigrate 移居入境
eminence [] n.显赫地位;出众(a position of prominence or superiority)
(类)luminary·eminence=master(maven)·experience 杰出人物有显赫地位=专家有经验
(反)eminent ◆ undistinguished 显赫的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)参考:prominence 卓越 imminent 逼近的
emollient [] adj.使柔软的n,润滑剂,安慰剂
(类)emollient·soothe=dynamo·generate 润滑药使安慰减轻=发电机使发电
emollient·suppleness=desiccant·dryness 润滑药使柔软=干燥剂使干燥
(记)moll(软)参考:mollify 平息
emulate [] vt,努力赶上;仿效 (to strive to equal or excel)
(类)emulation·exemplar=deference·authority 仿效榜样=遵从权威
emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不必要的
【注】obviate,to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary
(记)e+mul(骡子,执拗)+ate→一头骡子 联想:象骡子一样的努力工作,追赶参考:mulish 骡子似的,执拗的 emulous 好胜心强的 emulable adj.可仿效的,可超越的
enact [] vt.制定颁布法律(to cause to be by legal and authoritative act)
(反)enact ◆ repeal / rescind 颁布 ◆ 废除
enactment ◆ rescission 颁布 ◆ 废除
(记)act:法令;扮演
enamel [] n.珐琅;瓷釉;搪瓷(a usually opaque vitreous composition)
(类)enamel·tooth=bark·tree 牙的表面是珐琅质=树的表面是树皮
encomium [] n.高度赞扬(glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise)
(类)encomium·eulogize=discontent·complain=quibble·cavil
赞扬·颂扬=不满·抱怨=吹毛求疵·挑剔(名词和动词同义)
(反)encomium ◆ harsh criticism 高度赞扬 ◆ 猛烈批评
(同)citation,eulogy,panegyric,salutation,tribute
list 12 encompass ------exhaust
encompass [] v.环绕(surround);包含(include)
(反)encompass ◆ exclude 包含 ◆ 排除
(记)compass n,罗盘,圆规v,包围
encumber [] v,阻碍;妨碍
(反)encumber ◆ remove impediment 阻碍 ◆ 去除阻碍
(记)cumber(躺)参考:cumbersome:讨厌的;笨重的
endemic [] n.地方病 adj.地方性的(epidemic)
(类)endemic·region=inborn·individual 地方性的是就地域而言=天性的是就个体而言
(反)endemic ◆ exotic/foreign 地方性的 ◆ 外来的/外国的
(记)dem(人民)。参考:epidemic 流行病(的)
endorse [] vt,背书,签署;支持(to approve openly)
(类)endorse·approval=endow·income 【注:endow,to furnish with an income】
签署·批准=资助·收入(批准后签署意见=有收入后进行资助)
endorsement·policy=rider·bill
签署·政策=法案附文(类似盖公章)·法案(后者经由前者生效)
(反)endorse ◆ deprecate/impugn/oppose publicly 支持 ◆ 抗议/指责/公然反对
(同)approve,accredit,certify,sanction
(例)His driving licence hase been endorsed,a record of a motoring offence has been
entered in it,他的驾驶执照上曾有违规的纪录。
enervate [] vt.使衰弱(to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of)
(类)enervate·energy=curtail·period 使精力衰弱=缩减周期
enervate·strength=dispirit·morale 使力量衰弱=使士气泄气
enervate·vigor=eclipse·prestige 使精力衰弱=使声望黯淡
enervate·vitality=debase·value=hamstring·effectiveness
使衰弱:活力=贬低:价值=使残废:效力(前者使后者失效或衰弱)
(反)enervate ◆ fortify/invigorate/strengthen 使衰弱 ◆ 使增强/使精力充沛/变强
enervation ◆ vitality 虚弱 ◆ 生命力
(记)e(出)+nerve(精力)释放出精力→使衰弱。完全等价 enfeeble
enfranchise [] vt,给予选举权;解放(to endow with the right to vote)
(类)enfranchise·vote=license·practice=illuminate·see
给予选举权可以投票=给予许可证可以实行=照亮使可以看见
(反)enfranchise ◆ enfetter/resubject/subjugate 解放 ◆ 束缚/使再臣服/使屈从
enfranchise ◆ disempowe 给予选举权 ◆ 使失去权力或影响
disempowe,To deprive of power or influence,使失去权力或影响
(记)en(加强)+franch(=frank自由的,免费的,率直的)→使自由→解放
engender [] vt,产生;导致(cause; produce)
(反)engender ◆ quash/eradicate 产生 ◆ 撤销/根除
(记)由gender(性)联想:通过性来生产。
engross [] vt.使全神贯注(occupy fully)
(类)engrossed·absorbed=intimate·close 全神贯注的·极感兴趣的=亲密的·紧密的
(记)gross = whole总的,所有的,毛重的→将所有的注意力都集中起来→全神贯注
enigma [] n.谜语;费解的事物(puzzle)
(类)enigma·impenetrable=juggernaut·unstoppable
谜的特点是难以弄懂的=摧毁一切的强大力量特点是无法阻碍的
(反)enigmatic ◆ broadly known/free of ambiguity/readily understood
令人费解的 ◆ 广为人知的/不含糊的/浅显易懂的
enlighten [] vt,启发;教导;照耀(to give spiritual or intellectual insight to)
(类)explanation·enlighten=equivocation·coax 解释为了启发=含糊话为了哄骗
enmity [] n.敌意(ill will; hatred)
(反)enmity ◆ camaraderie/comity/concord 敌意 ◆ 同志情谊/团结/和睦
ennoble [] vt.授予爵位;使尊贵(to make noble)
(反)debase ◆ ennoble贬低 ◆ 使尊贵
(记)en(使)+ noble 贵族→使成为贵族→使尊贵
ennui [] n.v.倦怠;厌倦(a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction)
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=fervor·apathetic=somnolence·alert
倦怠不热情=热情不冷漠=嗜睡不警惕(名形反义)
(反)ennui ◆ energy/enthusiasm/exuberance/keen interest
倦怠 ◆ 活力/热情/生气盎然/强烈的兴趣
(同)tedium,boredom,doldrums,yawn
(记)谐音“安慰”联想:安慰一颗倦怠的心。
enormous [ ] adj.巨大的,庞大的;非常邪恶的
ensemble [] n,合奏曲(a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists)
(反)ensemble ◆ solo 合奏曲 ◆ 独奏曲
(记)semble(相同) 联想:共同弹奏相同的曲子→合奏曲
参考:dissemble 掩饰resemble 象,类似 assemble集合,装配
ensconce [] vt,安置(to establish or place firmly,comfortably,or snugly)
(反)ensconce ◆ dislodge/ displace/ unsettle 安置 ◆ 驱逐/取代位置/使紊乱
【注:unsettle,to displace from a settled condition】
(记)en + sconce n,烛台→使象烛台一样→安置
ensue [] vi,随之而来(follow)
(反)ensuing ◆ anterior 后来的 ◆ 先前的
(记)由sue(诉讼)联想:治安状况不好,诉讼接连发生。
(例)the trouble that ensued from this misunderstanding,由误会而产生的麻烦。
entangle [] vt,使纠缠;卷入(to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass;snarl)
(类)exonerate·blame=disentangle·snarl 免除责任·指责=松开·纠缠(反义)
entangle·involve=grill·question 纠缠·涉及=拷问·提问(程度)
(反)disentangle ◆ snarl 松开 ◆ 使缠结
(记)源自tangle 纠缠 参考:untangle解开disentangle解开
(例)My fishing line got entangled in weeds,我的钓鱼线和杂草缠在一起了。
enthralling [] adj,迷人的,吸引人的
enthusiasm [] n.狂热;热心
(类)enthusiasm·mania=covet·rapacity=suspicion·paranoia
热心·狂热=渴望·贪婪的=怀疑·偏执狂(多疑症)(褒贬程度)
reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·尊敬=热望·热心(同义)
(反)halfhearted ◆ enthusiastic 半心半意的 ◆ 狂热的
entice [] vt,诱使(lure; attract; tempt)
(类)goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求 (主被动关系)
enticement·tempt=affection·love 引诱·引诱=喜爱·爱(名动同义)
(反)enticing ◆ formidable 诱人的 ◆ 可怕的
(记)谐音:安第斯→安第斯山,美洲旅游胜地→联想:安第斯山对游客充满了诱惑
entitle [ ] vt.给…权利(或资格)(to furnish with a right)
entity [] n.实体,存在(being)
(例)Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law.
个人和企业是依法存在的对等的独立实体
entrance [] vt.使狂喜;使入迷(carry away with emotion)n.入口
(反)entrance ◆ bore/ disappoint/ disgust/ repel/ repulse
使入迷 ◆ 使厌烦/使失望/使作呕/令人但反感/使拒绝
entrance ◆ egress 入口 ◆ 出口
entrancing ◆ unprepossessing 使人欣喜的 ◆ 不讨人喜欢的
(例)She stood entranced at the sight,她站在那里望着那景色出神。
entrap [] vt.诱骗(to lure into a compromising statement or act)
(类)vigilant·entrapped=exacting·satisfied 警醒的·被诱骗的=苛求的·满足的(难以关系)
(同)allure,bait,decoy,entice,inveigle,lead on,seduce,tempt,toll
(记)en + trap 圈套,陷阱 →使进入圈套→诱骗
entreat [] v,恳求(to make an earnest request)
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreat 抗议·劝阻=低三下四地恳求·恳求(同义)
goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求(主被动关系)
(同)appeal,beseech,crave,implore,importune,invoke,plead,supplicate
(记)en(使)+ treat(托福听力的一个重要义项:请客)→使请客(对小气的人当然得恳求了)
entrenched adj,确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)
entrust [] v,委托,托付
enunciate [] v.清晰发音(articulate);阐明
(类)waffle·enunciate=embed·disinter 胡扯· 阐明=嵌入· 掘出 (反义)
enunciate·mumbling=clarify·confusing 清晰发音·喃喃而语=使清晰·混淆(反义)
enunciate·words=limn·lines 清晰地表达言语=清晰地描绘线条
(记)e(出)+ nunci(发音)→清晰发音 参考:pronunciation 发音
envious [] adj,嫉妒的,羡慕的
(记)来自envy嫉妒,羡慕 (例)She was envious of her sister's beauty,她妒嫉妹妹的美貌。
epaulet [] n.肩章;肩饰(something that ornaments the shoulder)
(类)epaulet·shoulder=ring·finger 肩章戴在肩上=戒指戴在手指上
ephemeral [] adj.朝生暮死的;极短暂的(lasting a very short time)
(类)ephemeral·endure=inanimate·live=repellent·attract
短暂的无法持久=无生命的无法生存=相斥的无法吸引
ephemeral·transience=convoluted·complexity=perpetual·permanence
朝生暮死的·短暂=盘绕费解的·复杂=永久的·永恒(形名同义)
ephemeral·abide=intransigent·yield 短暂的·坚持=不妥协的·屈服
(反)enduring 持久的 everlasting 永恒的 eternal/ permanent/ perpetual 永久的
epic [] n.史诗 adj.史诗的;英勇的;超出正常范围的
(反)epic ◆ modest 超出正常范围的 ◆ 一般的
epicure [] n.美食家 (one with sensitive tastes especially in food or wine)
(类)epicure·discriminating=spectator·watching 美食家·识别的=观众·观看的(正面特征)
(反)epicure ◆ a person indifferent to food 美食家 ◆ 厌食者
(同)gastronome,gourmand,gourmet
(记)来自Epicurus古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁 主张享乐和美食
epidermis [] n.表皮;上皮
(类)epidermis·mammal=bark·conifer 表皮·哺乳动物=树皮·松柏
(记)epi(在外)+ derm 皮肤→表皮
epigram [] n.警句(a terse,sage,or witty and often paradoxical saying)
(类)brevity·epigram=exaggeration·caricature
警句特点是简明扼要=讽刺画特点是夸张(正面特征)
epigram·wise=paradox·contradictory
警句特点是英明的=自相矛盾的话特点是矛盾的(正面特征)
(记)epic(史诗中的)+gram(句子)联想:史诗中的句子多为警句
(同)adage,aphorism,epigram,maxim,proverb
epilogue [] n.收场白;尾声
(类)epilogue·novel=coda·symphony 小说的结尾=交响乐的尾声
epilogue·play=coda·sonata/dessert·meal 戏剧的收场白=奏鸣曲的尾音=饭后甜点
epilogue·prose=finale·music 散文的收场白=音乐的终曲
epilogue·story=terminus·stop 故事的收场白=下车站的终点站(事物及其结尾)
(反)preface ◆ epilogue 序文 ◆ 结尾
(记)epi(在后)+ logue 说→在后面说的→收场白 参考:dialogue 对话
epistle [ ] n.书信(a letter,especially a formal one)
episode [] n.一段情节(one event in a chain of events)
(类)episode·series=issue·periodical 一段情节·连续系列=出版一期·期刊
(记)epi(在…之间)+ sode(=soda 肥皂剧)→在肥皂剧之间的→一段情节
epistemology [] n.认识论(a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge)
(类)epistemology·knowledge=aesthetics·beauty 认识论研究知识=美学研究美
(记)一点背景知识:认识论的核心问题是:什么是知识?什么是真理?人类的知识来自何处?
epitaph [] n,墓志铭;碑文
(类)epitaph·tombstone=motto·shield 墓志铭刻在墓碑上=座右铭刻在盾牌上
(记)epi(在…之前)+taph(= tomb 坟墓)
epithet [] n.绰号;脏话(a disparaging or abusive word or phrase)
(类)epithet·disparage=alias·mislead 脏话贬低人=化名误导人
(记)epi(在…下)+ thet(=set放)→放在下面说的话→脏话
epitome [] n.摘要(summary);典型(a typical or ideal example)
(类)epitomize·brevity=embellish·ornamentation 摘要·缩写=装饰·装饰(同义)
equable [] adj,稳定的(unvarying; steady);心态平和的(not easily disturbed; serene)
(反)equable ◆ intemperate 心态平和的 ◆ 放纵的
equanimity ◆ agitation/ excitability 平和 ◆ 激动
(记)equ(平等) 参考:equator赤道
equanimity [] n,镇定(composure)
equipoise [] n.v.平衡
(反)equipoise ◆ vacillate 平衡 ◆ 摇摆
equity [] n.公平(freedom from bias or favoritism)
(类)illiteracy·education=inequity·redistribution 教育消除文盲=重新分配消除不公平
equivalent·interchange= indistinguishable·confound 相等的可以交换=难辨别的易混淆
(反)equitable ◆ biased/ discriminatory 公平的 ◆ 偏袒的/ 差别对待的
equivocate [] vi,模棱两可地说(to avoid making an explicit statement)
(类)equivocation·ambiguous=platitude·banal=oxymoron·incongruous
模棱两可的话是含糊的=陈词滥调特点是陈腐的=矛盾修饰法是不调和的
equivocate·commitment=procrastinate·action 模棱两可逃避承诺=拖延逃避行动
equivocate·deceive=grandstand·impress 模棱两可为欺骗=炫耀为留下印象
equivocal·meaning=amorphous·shape 模棱两可的缺乏意义=无定形的缺乏形状
equivocation·truth=euphemism·offense 模棱两可逃避事实=委婉语避免冒犯
equivocation·truth=obfuscation·clarity 模棱两可的话不正确=困惑不明晰
(反)waffle ◆ speak unequivocally 胡扯 ◆ 说话不模棱两可
equivocation ◆ clarity 模棱两可 ◆ 清楚
equivocate ◆ communicate straightforwardly 模棱两可地说 ◆ 直率的说
(同)lie,falsify,palter,prevaricate
erode [] v,使腐蚀;使侵蚀(to eat into;corrode)
(类)erode·destruction=accrete·growth=incinerate·singe
腐蚀使受到破坏=依附生长使生长=焚毁使烧焦(因果关系)
gully·erosion=callus·friction 溪谷是饱经风水侵蚀而成=老茧是饱经摩擦而成
wind·erosion=downpour·flooding 风造成侵蚀=倾盆大雨水使泛滥(因果关系)
errant [] adj.漫游的(moving about aimlessly or irregularly);犯错误的(fallible)
(类)errant·course=amorphous·shape=heretical·doctrine
漫游的没有固定路线=无定型的没有固定形状=异教的不遵从固定教条
errant·standard=digress·topic 犯错误的偏离标准=离题的偏离主题
(同)erratic,devious,stray,wandering,aberrant,devious,fallible,errable
erratic [] adj.不稳定的;古怪的;游移的(having no fixed course)
(类)erratic·permanent=heroic·craven 游移的不是持久的=英勇的不是懦弱的
exemplary·criticized=erratic·predicted 模范的不能批评=游移不定的不能预测
(记)以上两个单词都来自error(错误,误差)
erudite [] adj,博学的 n.博学之士
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect 博学的能看穿=健忘的易忽略
(反)ignorant无知的smattering of knowledge知识贫乏的 unlettered未受教育的
erudition ◆ illiteracy 博学 ◆ 文盲
(记)e(去除)+rudite(=rude粗鲁)联想:去除粗鲁当然是博学之士了。
escalate [] v.(战争等)升级,上升(to increase in amount,intensity,or scope)
(反)escalate ◆ diminish/wane 升级上升 ◆ 减弱
(记)esca(=escape逃离)联想:逃离战火 参考:escalator自动扶梯 elevator升降梯
eschew [] v.避开;戒绝(to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds)
(反)eschew ◆ embrace/greet/habitually indulge in/seek/welcome
避开 ◆ 接受/问候/习惯地沉溺/寻觅/欢迎
(记)eschew的东西不值得你去chew(咀嚼)
(同)escape,avoid,bilk,double,duck,elude,evade,shun,shy
esoteric [] adj.秘传的 (understood by the specially initiated alone)
(反)common accepted普遍接受的generally known广泛知道的
(记)将oter看作other 不让其他人知道:秘传的。
(同)recondite,abstruse,acroamatic,hermetic,occult,orphic,profound,secret
espouse [] vt.支持;拥护(adopt; support)参加婚礼,结婚(to take in marriage;marry)
(类)espouse·marriage=lurk·concealment 结婚·婚姻=潜伏·隐藏(动名同义)
(反)espouse ◆ abjure/repudiate 拥护 ◆ 誓绝/拒绝
(记)spouse 配偶
esteem [] n.v.尊重(repect;value)
(类)obeisant·esteem=embrace·affection 鞠躬表示尊敬=拥抱表示爱
esteem·idolatrize=favor·bribe=desire·covet 尊敬·盲目崇拜=赠助·行贿=渴望·贪求
infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
(反)stigma ◆ mark of esteem 耻辱 ◆ 尊重的标志
esteem ◆ odium 尊重 ◆ 憎恶
estimable [] adj.值得尊敬的(worthy of esteem);可估计的;有价值的
(反)estimable ◆ contemptible 可尊敬的 ◆ 可鄙的
estimable ◆ infamous 令人尊重的 ◆ 声名狼藉的
estrange [] vt.使疏远;使隔离(separate; alienate)
(反)estrangement ◆ reconciliation/rapprochement 疏远 ◆ 和好
etch [] n.腐蚀剂 v.蚀刻
(类)etch·corrosive=glue·adhesive
腐蚀剂特点是腐蚀性的=粘合剂特点是带粘性的(正面特征)
eternal [] adj.永恒的
(反)eternal ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 朝生暮死的
ethereal [] adj,轻飘的;空气的;太空的(light; heavenly)
(反)ethereal ◆ material/ponderous 轻飘的 ◆ 物质的/沉重的
(记)最常见的网络就是以太网 ether net,ether 以太
ethics [] n,伦理学
(类)ethics·behavior=logic·reasoning伦理学研究行为=逻辑学研究推理过程
(记)区别:ethnic 人种的,种族的 ethical adj,道德的,伦理的
etiquette [ ] n,礼节,礼仪,道德规范
eulogize [] vt.称赞;颂扬
(类)eulogy·praise=elegy·lament 颂词表扬=挽歌哀悼
encomiast·eulogize=quibbler·cavil 赞美者称赞=吹毛求疵者挑剔
encomium·eulogy=discontent·complain 赞美·赞辞=不满·抱怨(同义)
panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词称赞=讽刺文讽刺
(反)eulogize ◆ defamation/pan/stricture 称赞 ◆ 诬蔑/批评/指责
(记)eu(谐音:优→好)+log(说)→说好话→称赞 参考:eugenic优生的
euphemism [] n.婉言(mild expression in place of an unpleasant one)
(类)euphemism·offense=aphorism·diffuseness=invulnerableness·injure
婉言不会冒犯=格言不会冗长=无懈可击不会受伤
euphonious [] adj.悦耳的(pleasing or agreeable to the ear)
(类)euphonious·sound=graceful·movement悦耳的声音=优美的动作
(反)euphonious ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)melodious,dulcet,sweet,tuneful
euphoria [] n.精神欢快;欣快症(a feeling of well-being or elation)
(类)satisfaction·euphoria欣快症表现为过分满意
euthanasia [ ] n,安乐死(easy and painless death)
evacuate [] v.疏散;撤离
(反)evacuate ◆ conquer/fill up/occupy 撤退 ◆ 占领/填满
(记)vacuate:在…中造成真空
evanescent [] adj.短暂的;逐渐消失的(fleeting; vanishing)
(类)evanescent·disappear(vanish)=periodic·recur短暂的容易消失=周期性的容易重现
evanescent·permanent=archaic·current 短暂的·永恒的=过时的·流行的
evanescence·transient=complexity·convoluted
转瞬即逝·短暂的=复杂事物·费解的(正面特征)
(反)evanescent ◆ abiding/lasting/perpetual 短暂的 ◆ 持久的/永久的
(记)e+van(谐音:完)+escent(后缀:表示开始)联想:一开始就完了→短暂的。
evasion [] n.逃避,借口(the act or an instance of evading)
(类)inclemency·evasion 险恶·逃避
everlasting [] adj.永恒的,无止境的(lasting forever;eternal) n,永久
(类)everlasting·duration=countless·number 无止境的持续时间=数不清的数目
(反)everlasting ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 短暂的
evict [] vt.赶出;驱逐(expel)
(类)evict·residence=banish·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境
eviction·dwelling=deportation·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境
(反)evict ◆ harbor 逐出 ◆ 收容
(记)vict (征服) 参考:victory胜利,战胜
evince [] vt,表明;表示(show clearly)
(反)evince ◆ conceal/ keep hidden 表明 ◆ 隐藏
(记)vince(战胜,证明)参考:invincible不可征服的 convince使确信,使信服
evoke [] vt,唤起,引发(call forth)
(反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 引起 ◆ 不能引出
(例)evoke laughter; 引发笑声 songs that evoke old memories,唤起往日回忆的歌曲
(记)e(向外)+voke(=voc呼唤)→唤起 参考:convoke 召集revoke撤回 provoke激怒
ewe [ ] n.母羊(ram公羊)
(类)sheep·ewe=swan·pen 羊·母羊=天鹅·雌天鹅(种属)
exacerbate [] vt.激怒;使加剧(worsen;embitter)
(反)exacerbate ◆ allay/ assuage/ palliate 加剧 ◆ 缓和
(记)ex(加强)+acerb(苦涩,尖酸)+ate=激怒 参考:acerbic酸的,尖刻的
exacting [] adj.苛求的;吃力的(extremely demanding)
(类)exacting·satisfied=indomitable·controlled=vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled
苛求的难以满足=不屈的难以控制=警惕的难以落入陷阱=机警的难以上当
(反)exact ◆ condone/ forgive 强求 ◆ 宽恕
exactitude ◆ imprecision 正确,严格 ◆ 不精确
exalt [] v,提升;赞扬(raise in rank or dignity; praise)
(反)exaltation ◆ condemnation 赞扬 ◆ 谴责
exalt ◆ humble/lower in status 提升 ◆ 贬抑/降低身份
(记)alt(高)参考:altitude(海拔)高度
exasperate [] vt,激怒,使加剧 adj.激怒的
(反)exasperate ◆ mitigate/mollify 激怒 ◆ 缓和
(同)irritate,aggravate,gall,nettle,rile,roil
(记)ex(加强)+ asper(= rough粗暴的)+ate →非常粗鲁的容易激怒别人→激怒
(例)It is exasperating to lose a train by half a minute,因半分钟之差而误了火车是恼火的。
excavate [] v.挖掘,挖空(to make a hole in;hollow out)
(反)excavate ◆ fill in 挖空 ◆ 填满
(记)ex(加强)+cav(=cave洞)+ate→挖掘
exceptionable adj,引起反感的,会引起反抗的
(派)unexceptionable adj,无懈可击的
exceptional [] adj.例外的,异常的,特别的(being an exception; uncommon)
(反)exceptional ◆ commonplace/prosaic 特别的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)exception有两个重要义项1、例外2、异议,反对 分别有两个重要的派生词
exceptional和exceptionable adj.可反对的,可抗议的,要不得的;两者意思无任何交插
excerpt [] v,做摘录n.摘录(selected passage)
(类)summary·excerpt=aside·digression 摘要·摘录=偏离·离题(同义)
(记)比较except除了 联想:除去多余的东西→摘录
excoriate [] v,严厉批评(to censure strongly;denounce)
(反)excoriate ◆ accolade/extol/flatter/praise lavishly
严厉批评 ◆ 推崇备至/赞扬/过分赞扬/高度赞扬
(同)lambaste,castigate,flay,lash,scarify,scathe,scorch,scourge,slash
(记)ex+cori(=core核心)+ate→使黑心露出来→严厉批评;注:原义“擦破皮”。
exclusive [ ] adj,排外的,独占的,完备的
excoriate [ ] v,强烈谴责
excrete [] vt,分泌,排泄(to separate and discharge (waste matter) from the organs)
(反)excrete ◆ absorb/ ingest排泄 ◆ 吸收/摄入
(记)ex+crete(分离)→分泌,排泄 参考:discrete分离的,不连续的
excruciate [] vt,施酷刑;折磨(afflict)
(反)excruciate ◆ exult 施酷刑 ◆ 使欢跃
(同)afflict,agonize,crucify,torment,torture
(记)ex(强调)+cruc(=cross十字架)联想:钉在十字架上是一种酷刑→施酷刑,折磨
参考:crusade十字军东征 cruciform十字形的
exculpate [] vt,声明无罪;开脱(clear from blame)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=hortative·encourage/motivational·stir
辩明无罪的·释放=劝告的·鼓励/激发动机的·激励
alibi·exculpatory=warning·admonitory
借口特点是辩解的=警告特点是警告的(正面特征)
(反)exculpate ◆ attribute guilt/ inculpate/ indict 开脱罪责 ◆ 归罪/ 控告
(同)absolve,acquit,disculpate,exonerate,vindicate
(记)ex(否定前缀)+ culpate(罪过) 参考:inculpate 治罪,控告
excursive [] adj,离题的;散漫的(having the nature of digression)
(类)digress·excursive=reiterate·redundant 离题·离题的=反复重申·多余的
(记)cursive(潦草马虎的)→离题的
execrate [] v.憎恶;咒骂(curse; express abhorrence for)
(反)execrate ◆ laud 咒骂 ◆ 赞美
execrable ◆ commendable 憎恶的 ◆ 值得表扬的
execration ◆ approbation 咒骂 ◆ 嘉许
(同)curse,objurgate,abhor,abominate,detest,loathe,swear,imprecate
(记)ex+secrate(=sacred神的,宗教的)→背离神圣→憎恶,咒骂 参考:sacrifice牺牲,供奉
exemplary [] adj.可仿效的;模范的(worthy of imitation; commendable)
(类)exemplary·imitation=culpable·blame=notable·attention
模范的·模仿=有罪的·怪罪=著名的·注意(因果关系)
emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不需要的
exemplify·paradigm=amends·corrective
例示用范例=修正用改正物(corrective,an agent that corrects)
exempt [] adj,免除的 vt,使免除(to free from an obligation to which others are subject)
(类)exempt·liability=pardon·penalty 免除债务=宽恕罪过(消除关系)
(记)联想:exemple榜样,模范→模范乘车可以免票→免除
exhaust [] vt,耗尽(deplete,drain);使精疲力尽(to wear out completely)
(类)infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无穷的不会耗尽=分离的不会重叠
exhausted·rest=thirsty·imbibe 精疲力尽的需要休息=口渴的需要喝水
exhaustive·careful=mesmerized·interesting 详尽的·仔细的=着迷的·有趣的(程度)
【注】exhaustive,treating all parts or aspects without omission;thorough
(反)exhaustive ◆ incomplete/partial 彻底的 ◆ 不完全的/部分的
(记)ex(加强)+ haust(谐音:耗死它)→耗尽;使精疲力尽
list 13 exhilarate --------finicky
exhilarate [] vt,使振奋;使兴奋(To cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic;elate)
(反)exhilarate ◆ sadden 使兴奋 ◆ 使悲哀
soporific ◆ exhilarating 昏昏欲睡的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
(同)elate,inspire,spirit (up),stimulate
(记)ex(表强调)+hilar(= cheerful高兴的)→非常高兴 参考:hilarious高兴的,欢闹的
exhort [] v,劝告;规劝(urge)
(类)exhort·suggest=goad·direct 规劝·建议=(像赶牛棒)驱赶·指导
exhortation·encourage=hurl·insult 劝告使鼓励=愤慨地说使侮辱
exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit/obloquy·discredit=persiflage·incite
劝告使有动机=谩骂使丢脸/指责使耻辱=戏弄挖苦使刺激
exhortative·urge=didactic·teach 劝告的·驱策=说教的·教导
(同)urge,goad,prick,prod,prompt,propel,spur
(记)ex(加强)+hort(鼓舞)→鼓劲→劝其向上 参考:hortation n,劝告,鼓励
exigent [] adj.紧急的,迫切的
(反)deferrable 可延期的,可暂缓的
exodus [] vt.大批离去(departure)
(反)exodus ◆ influx 大批离去 ◆ 流入
(记)将dus看成bus;联想:一群人乘坐大巴离去。
exonerate [] v,免除责任;确定无罪(acquit; exculpate)
(类)exonerate·blame=disentangle/extricate·snarl 免除责任·责备=解开/摆脱·纠缠
(反)exonerate ◆ censure/ incriminate/ inculpate/ prove guilty
免罪 ◆ 责难/控告/证明有罪
(记)ex+oner(= burden负担,责任)→免除责任 参考:onerous费力的,负有法律责任的
exorbitant [] adj,过度的(excessive)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过度的·适度=背信弃义的·忠诚(形名反义)
(记)ex(偏离)+orbit(轨道)→偏离轨道的→过度的
exotic [] adj.外来的,奇异的(not native; strange)n.外国人
(反)exotic ◆ indigenous 外来的 ◆ 本地的
expansive [] adj,易膨胀的;广阔的;健谈的,外向的;自大狂的
(类)expand·volume=proliferate·number 体积膨胀=数量增加(增加关系)
(反)expansive ◆ limited/ reserved/taciturn/withdrawn
广阔的,健谈的 ◆ 有限的/冷漠的/沉默寡言的/性格内向的
(反)expansive ◆ diffident 自大狂的 ◆ 无自信的
【注:diffident 与malicious(恶毒的)同时出现选择diffident】
(例)expansive delusion 自大狂
expediency [] n,适合;权宜之计
expedite [] vt.加快(hasten)adj.无阻碍的;迅速的
(类)expedite·process=accelerate·pace 加快进程=加速步伐
(反)expedite ◆ retard 加速 ◆ 减速
expedition [] n.远征;探险队;迅速
(类)expedition·foot dragging=consensus·factionalism
迅速·拖拉=一致同意·党派之争(反义)
(反)expedition ◆ foot dragging 迅速 ◆ 脚步拖沓
expendable adj,可消费(耗)的,不值得保存的,可牺牲的
(例)expendable civilian targets,可牺牲的平民目标
expendable rocket boosters,不能再用的助推火箭
expendable personnel 冗员 an expendable source,可消费的资源
expiate [] vt.补偿 vi.赎罪make amends for (a sin)
(类)expiate·guilt=correct·error=repose·fatigue
赎罪·罪行=改正·错误=休息·疲劳(前者消除后者)
expire [] v.期满;终止;断气
(反)expire ◆ come to life断气 ◆ 出生
explicate [] 详细说明;详细解释
(记)区别:implicate暗示;牵连 complicate使复杂,使纠缠
explicit [] adj.外在的;清楚的;直率的;结尾的(totally clear; definite)
(反)explicit ◆ immanent 外在的 ◆ 内在的
explicit ◆ inchoate 结尾的 ◆ 开始的
explicit ◆ obscure 清晰的 ◆ 模糊的
(记)参考implicit:暗示的,含蓄的
exploit n,英雄事迹(a notable or heroic act)v,开发(develop);剥削(use selfishly)
(类)exploit·heroic=gaffe·tactless 英雄事迹是英勇的=社交失态是不老练的
exponent [] n.倡导者;阐述者(one that champions,practices,or exemplifies)
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特征)
(记)ex(强调)+ponent(同类) 参考:opponent对手
expostulate [ ] v,规劝,告诫(argue earnestly to dissuade,correct,or protest)
expunge [ ] v,擦去(To erase or strike out)完全消除(to eliminate completely)
(记)punge刺→刺要完全消除 参考:pungent辛辣的,刺鼻的
expurgate [] v.净化;删去不当处(clean; remove offensive parts of a book)
(类)censor·expurgate=vendor·purvey 检察员·删除=卖主·供应(正面特征)
(反)inexpurgate ◆ obliterate 无法除去 ◆ 除去
(记)purge:泄药,净化
exscind [ ek5sind ] vt.割开,切除,切断(to cut out,cut away)
exsert [ ] vt.使突出,使伸出(thrust out,push forth)
exquisite [] adj.高雅的;精致的(characterized by intricate and beautiful design)
(反)exquisite ◆ tawdry 高雅的 ◆ 俗丽的
(记)来自quis奎斯(欧洲的一种丘鹬)·这种鸟非常高雅
extant [] adj.现存的;传世的(still in existence)
(反)extant ◆ destroyed/extinct/lost/missing 现存的 ◆ 被毁的/灭绝的/丢失的
extemporize [] v.即席演说
(类)extemporization·rehearsal=honesty·guilt即兴演出·排演=诚实·狡猾(反义)
extemporization·spontaneous=juggernaut·unstoppable
即席演说特点是自发的=摧毁一切的强大力量特点是无法阻止的
(反)extemporize ◆ follow a script 即席演说 ◆ 参考草稿
extemporaneous ◆ planned 即席的 ◆ 有计划的
extenuate [] vt.减轻;使人原谅(weaken; mitigate)
(类)extenuate·seriousness=moderate·intensity减轻·严重性=缓和·强度
(反)extenuating ◆ aggravating 减轻的 ◆ 加剧的
(记)ex(加强)+ tenuate(变薄,减弱)
extinct [] adj.绝种的;熄灭了的(no longer existing or living)
(反)extinct ◆ extant/ resuscitated 灭绝的 ◆ 现存的/使复苏的
extinction ◆ perpetuation 灭绝 ◆ 永存
extinguish [] vt.熄灭;消灭(to put out (a fire,for example); quench)
(反)extinguish ◆ ignite/ rekindle 熄灭 ◆ 点燃/重新点燃
extirpate [ ] vt.消灭,根除,毁灭(to destroy,exterminate,cut out,exscind)
extol [] v,颂扬;吹捧(praise; glorify)
(反)censure /deprecate /detract /excoriate /impugn /malign /rail /vilify
extort [] v.敲诈;强占(wring from; get money by threats,etc.)
(类)extortionist·intimidation=sycophant·flattery勒索者·胁迫=谄媚者·谄媚
extortion·retribution=kidnap·detainment=extort·obtain
强求·报偿=绑架·拘留=敲诈·获得(不正常·正常)
extract [] n.榨出物;摘录 vt.榨取;摘录
(反)extract ◆ embed 取出 ◆ 嵌入
extraction n,血统,出身(origin; lineage);提取,摘要
(反)hybrid ◆ of unmixed extraction 杂种,混血儿 ◆ 纯正血统
extraneous [] adj.外来的;无关的;体外的
(类)extraneous·essence=achromatic·hue无关的不是本质=无色的没有色调
(反)extraneous ◆ apposite/essential/relevant 无关的 ◆ 恰当的/本质的/相关的
extraneous ◆ intuitive 体外的 ◆ 直觉的
extrinsic ◆ immanent/inherent /ingrained 外在的 ◆ 内在的/根深蒂固的
extravagant [] adj.奢侈的;无节制的
(类)extravagance·expenditure=loquaciousness·talk奢侈是开支多=啰嗦是话多
(反)frugality ◆ extravagancy 节省 ◆ 挥霍
extricate [] vt.使解脱,救出(free; disentangle)
(反)extricate ◆ enmesh/entangle 使解脱 ◆ 缠住
exuberant [] adj.繁茂的;丰富的;非常高兴的(abundant; effusive; lavish)
(类)exuberant·happy=soaking·wet/frigid·cool 非常高兴·高兴=湿透的·湿/严寒·冷(程度)
(反)exuberance ◆ ennui 高兴的 ◆ 倦怠的
(同)brash,ebullient,effervescent,vivacious
(记)uber(生育力)→繁茂
exude [] vt.vi.(使)流出;(使)渗出(discharge; give forth)
(反)exude ◆ absorb 流出 ◆ 吸收
exult [] v.狂喜(rejoice)
(类)exult·satisfaction=crave·longing 狂喜·满意=热望·渴望(程度)
(反)exultant ◆ abject/crestfallen/dejected 狂喜的 ◆ 极可怜的/沮丧的
exultation ◆ lamentation 狂喜 ◆ 悲伤
fable [] n.寓言
(类)fable·tale=ditty·song 寓言是一种故事=小曲是一种歌(种属)
fabricate [] vt.制造(manufacture);捏造(build; lie)
(类)fabricate·authentic=discompose·pacific 捏造不真实的=不安不平静的
fabricate·ingenuous=discompose·placid 捏造不坦白的=不安不宁静的
facetious [] adj,轻浮的;好开玩笑的(humorous;jocular;witty)
(类)facetious·speech=antic·behavior 好开玩笑的·讲话=滑稽的·行为
(反)facetious ◆ earnest/ingenuous/lugubrious 轻浮的 ◆ 认真的/坦率的/悲哀的
(记)face脸上+ious轻浮的(表情)
facilitate [] vt.帮助;使容易;促进(make less difficult)
(反)facilitate ◆ hamper / impede / obstruct / thwart 促进 ◆ 阻碍;妨碍
facile ◆ arduous / profound 易做到的 ◆ 艰巨的 / 深邃的
faction [] n.派别;派系斗争(party; clique; dissension)
(类)consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion=expedition·foot dragging
一致同意·派系分裂=清晰·混淆=迅速·拖沓(反义)
(反)factional ◆ disinterested / ecumenical 派系的 ◆ 无私的/世界范围的
faction ◆ unity 内讧 ◆ 团结
factious ◆ cooperative 派系斗争的 ◆ 合作的
factorable ◆ irreducible 可因子分解的 ◆ 不可分解的
factitious [] adj,人工的,做作的,虚假的
fallacy [] n.谬论
(类)disabuse·fallacy=cure·disease打消错误观念=治愈疾病(消除关系)
(反)fallacious ◆ sound/valid/veritable/verifiable/veracious 错误的 ◆ 合理的/正确的
fallacy ◆ valid argument 谬论 ◆ 正确论点
fallibility ◆ inerrancy 易错 ◆ 无错误
fallow [] adj.休耕的;闲置的(plowed but sowed; uncultivated)
(反)fallow ◆ in use 闲置的 ◆ 使用中的
fail-safe [] n.自动防故障装置
(类)fail-safe·malfunction 自动防故障装置·故障(阻止关系)
falsehood [] n.谎言;虚假
(类)falsehood·calumniate=evidence·corroborate 用谎言诽谤=用证据证实
falter [] n.v,蹒跚;颤抖;动摇(hesitate)支吾说话
(类)falter·act=stammer·speak 蹒跚是动作不灵活=结巴是说话不灵活
(同)lurch,stagger,stumble,wobble,hesitate,vacillate,waver,wiggle-waggle
fanatic [] n.狂热者;盲信者 adj.狂热的;盲信的
(类)fanatic·admirer=zealot·adherent 盲信者·爱慕者=狂热者·追随者(程度)
fanatic·devoted=prude·proper 狂热者是献身的=守礼者是适宜的
fanatical·belief=frenetic·movement 狂热的信念=极度激动的动作
fang [] n.(犬狼等的)犬牙;(毒蛇的)毒牙
(类)fang·tooth=finger·digit 犬牙·牙齿=手指尤指大拇指以外的·手指(种属)
fantasy [] n.v.幻想
(类)grotesque·fantasy=imperial·significance 怪诞的·幻想=帝王的·重要
illusion·fantasy=nicety·precision 幻觉·幻想=精密·精确(同义)
(记)Final Fantasy系列,Square公司的大作 参考:fantasia幻想曲
farce [] n.闹剧(broad comedy; mockery)
(类)farce·performance=limerick·poem 闹剧·演出=5行打油诗·诗(种属)
(同)mockery,burlesque,caricature,travesty
fascinate [] vt.强烈吸引;使着迷
(类)fascination·interest=adoration·fondness 着迷·感兴趣=崇拜·喜爱(程度)
fast [] n,绝食;斋戒 adv,快地;稳固地
(类)fast·eat=moratorium·act/respite·labor 斋戒·吃=暂停·行动/暂停·劳动
clasp·fasten=lathe·shape 扣子·扣紧固定=车床·成形(工具及其作用)
(反)fast ◆ loosely attach 稳固地 ◆ 松散地连接
fastness ◆ unsecured palace 要塞 ◆ 没有防卫的地方
secure ◆ unfasten 使牢固 ◆ 使松开
(记)(fast)绝食不是靠(fast)速成的,需要忍耐
fastidious [] adj.难取悦的;挑剔的
(类)fastidious·careful=zealous·devoted
挑剔的是极其细心的=狂热的是极其忠诚的(程度)
dapper·fastidious衣冠楚楚的是挑剔的(正面特征)
(反)fastidious ◆ coarse/ cursory/ easygoing/ indiscriminate/ uncritical
挑剔的 ◆ 粗糙的/草率的/懒散的/混杂的/不加批判的
(记)动不动就fast 绝食的人难以取悦 fastidious
(例)She is fastidious about her clothes/food,etc,她对于衣服/食物很苛求。
fateful [] adj.命中注定的;重大的;致命性的(vitally affecting subsequent events;momentous)
(反)fateful ◆ inconsequential 重大的 ◆ 不重要的
fathom [] v,理解,调查,测量(comprehend; investigate)
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect博学的容易理解=健忘的容易忽略
(反)measurable ◆ unfathomable 可测量的 ◆ 无法测量的,深不可测的
occult ◆ readily fathomable 秘密的 ◆ 已理解透的
fatigue [] n.v.疲惫 adj.疲惫的
(类)fatigue·repose/rest=dehydration·water=guilt·expiation
疲劳·休息=脱水·水=内疚·赎罪,补偿(消除关系)
(反)indefatigable ◆ soon tired 不知疲倦的 ◆ 很快疲倦的
fatuous []adj.愚昧的;痴呆的;虚幻的(foolish;inane)
(反)fatuous ◆ astute/sagacious/sensible 愚笨的 ◆ 机敏的/聪慧的/敏感的
(同)asinine,foolish,silly,unwitty
faultfinder n.找岔,喜欢挑剔的人(one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint)
(类)faultfinder·criticize=arbitrator·mediate 喜欢挑剔的人批评=仲裁人调解
favorable []adj,有利的(helpful);顺利的(propitious)
(反)untoward 不利的,麻烦不顺利的
fawn [] n.未满周岁的小鹿;巴结 v.阿谀奉承(grovel,toady)adj.奉承的
(类)fawn·adulate=adorn·woo 奉承为了谄媚=装饰打扮为了求爱
fawn·attentive=garish·colorful奉承的是过分殷勤的=俗丽的是过分色彩艳丽的
fawn·hauteur=elaborate·sketchy=swagger·self depreciatory
阿谀·倨傲专横=详细阐述·粗略的=摆架子·自卑(反义)
fawn·obsequious=patronize·condescending=yield·compliant
奉承·奉承的=屈尊·屈尊的=屈服·顺从的(动形同义)
sycophant·fawn=miser·hoard =reprobate·misbehave
马屁精爱拍马=守财奴爱贮藏=堕落者爱行为不端(正面特征)
【注】reprobate有两个意思V,责备N,堕落放纵的人
faze [] vt,打扰,折磨,使狼狈(disconcert; dismay)
(反)embolden ◆ faze 使大胆 ◆ 使狼狈
fazed ◆ undisturbed 打扰的 ◆ 未被打扰的
(同)embarrass,abash,discomfit,disconcert,discountenance,rattle
feasible [ ] adj.可行的,切实可行的
feckless [] adj,无效的;无力气的;粗心不负责任的(careless and irresponsible)
(反)feckless ◆ responsible 粗心的 ◆ 负责任的
(同)fustian,meaningless,purposeless,worthless
fecund [] adj,多产的;丰饶的;肥沃的(capable of producing offspring or vegetation)
(反)fecundity ◆ deprivation 多产 ◆ 丧失
(同)fertile,fruitful,productive,prolific,rich,spawning
(记)谐音“肥垦的” 联想:肥沃能够开垦的
feeble [] adj.衰弱的;无效的(lacking strength;weak.)
(类)feeble·strength=disquiet·composure 无力的·力气=不安的·镇静(缺乏关系)
(反)feeble ◆ hardy 衰弱的 ◆ 强壮的
feign [] v,假装 捏造,伪造,虚构(feigned adj,假装的,虚假的)
(类)genuine ◆ feigned 真正的 ◆ 假装的
fender [] n.挡泥板;防御物
(类)fender·collision 挡板防止碰撞(防止关系)
feral [] adj.野生的;凶猛的(of or suggestive of a wild animal;savage)
(反)feral ◆ cultivated 野生的 ◆ 栽培的
ferocity [ ] n,凶恶,凶猛,猛烈,强烈
ferret [ ] v,用雪貂猎取,追逐 搜出,查获(to search about)
ferrous [] adj.铁的;含铁的
(反)ferrous ◆ containing no iron 含铁的 ◆ 不含铁的
fertilize [] vt.施肥;使丰饶;使受精(to make (soil,for example) fertile)
(类)fertilize·grow=immunize·resist 施肥目的是使生长=免疫目的是使抵抗(疾病)
【注:干扰选项是nourish·enrich 滋养·滋养 这两个词是同义关系不是目的
enrich,to add nutrients to 给…添加营养物质】
glue·seal=manure·fertilize 胶水·封口=肥料·使肥沃(事物及其功能)
fervid [] adj.热情的(marked by great passion or zeal)
(反)fervid ◆ restrained 热情的 ◆ 克制的
fervor [] n.热情(great warmth and intensity of emotion)
(类)fervor·apathetic=ennui·enthusiastic 热心·无动于衷的=倦怠·狂热的
fervor·zealot=doubt·skeptic=improvidence·spendthrift
热心·狂热的=疑惑·怀疑的=浪费·浪费的(名形同义)
(反)zealotry ◆ lack of fervor 狂热行为 ◆ 缺乏热心
fervor ◆ apathy/indifference 热情 ◆ 冷漠
(同)passion,ardor,calenture,enthusiasm,zeal
fester [] n.脓疮 v.溃烂;感染(to infect,inflame,or corrupt.);烦恼
(反)fester ◆ heal 溃烂 ◆ 愈合
fetid [] adj.有恶臭的(malodorous)
(类)fetid·smell=cacophonous(grating)·sound/ugly·appearance
恶臭的气味=刺耳的声音/丑陋的外表
(反)fetid ◆ having a pleasant smell 恶臭的 ◆ 有愉快芳香的
fetter [] n.脚镣 v.束缚(s hackle)
(反)fetter ◆ loose/release/set free 束缚 ◆ 松弛/解放
enfetter ◆ enfranchise/liberate 束缚 ◆ 释放
management ◆ unfettered liberty 管理 ◆ 没有约束的自由
fiasco [] n.大失败;惨败(total failure)
(反)fiasco ◆ a notable success /eclat / unalloyed success 大失败 ◆ 显著的成功/ 巨大成就
fickle [] adj.(感情等)易变的(capricious);薄情的
(类)fickle·constancy=naive·sophistication 感情易变的·专一=天真的·老于世故
(同)capricious,lubricious,mercurial,temperamental,ticklish,volatile
fictitious [] adj.虚构的;小说的(imaginary)
(反)fictitious ◆ factual 虚构的 ◆ 事实的
fidelity [] n.忠诚;尽职(loyalty)
(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 背叛 ◆ 忠实
fidget [] vi.n.坐立不安;烦躁
(类)fidget·nervousness=cringe·dread 坐立不安·紧张=畏缩·畏惧(行为表现心理)
figment [ ] n,臆造的事物,虚构的事(something made up or contrived)
figurative [] adj.比喻的;字意引申的(not literal,but metaphorical)
(反)figurative ◆ literal 比喻的 ◆ 照字面上的
figurehead n 傀儡(名义上为领袖但无实权的人)
(类)absolute·autocrat=nominal·figurehead绝对的·独裁=有名无实的·傀儡(正面特征)
filch [ ] vt.偷窃(没有什么价值的东西),窃取
figurine [] n.小雕像
(类)figurine·statue=twig·branch 小雕像·雕像=小树枝·树枝(小·正常)
filial [] adj.子女的
(记)fili儿子→子女的;参考:affiliation 加入;联系
filibuster [] n.v,妨碍议事;阻挠(block legislation by making long speeches)
(类)filibuster·delay=hoax·deceive 妨碍议事·拖延=骗局·欺骗(正面特征)
filibuster·legislation=blockade·commerce 妨碍议事阻挠立法=封锁阻挠商业交往
(记)fili(谐音“费力”)+buster(破坏者)费力破坏→阻挠
filigree [] n.金银丝做的工艺品(ornamental openwork of delicate design)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy(干扰:tapestry·intricacy 挂毯·复杂)
明暗配合法特点是对比=金银丝工艺品特点是精致(正面特征)
filigree·wire=lace·thread金银丝做的工艺品·金属丝=饰带·线(材料关系)
filing [] n.锉屑(a particle or shaving removed by a file)
(类)filing·metal=shaving·wood 锉屑由锉金属产生=刨屑由刨木头产生
filly [] n.小雌马
(类)filly·horse=pullet·chicken 小母马·马=小母鸡·鸡(小雌性对总称)
filter [] v.过滤(to remove by passing through a filter) n,滤器
(类)filter·impurities=winnow·chaff 过滤除去杂质=扬谷除去谷壳
mosquito·netting = impurity·filter 蚊子·网=杂质·过滤(后者消除前者)
finale [] n.终场;结尾;终曲
(反)finale ◆ opening scene 收尾 ◆ 开场
finch [] n.雀类鸣鸟(如燕雀,金丝雀)
(类)finch·bird=aspen·tree=lizard·reptile=eagle·bird
雀·鸟=杨树·树=蜥蜴·爬行动物=鹰·鸟(种属)
finesse [] n.技巧;计谋;手段(delicate skill)
(反)finesse ◆ heavy-handedness/ ineptitude 技巧 ◆ 愚笨 / 无能
finicky [] adj,过分讲究的(extremely nice,exacting,or meticulous in taste or standards)
(类)meticulous·finicky=fluent·glib 仔细的·挑剔的=流利的·油腔滑调(褒贬)
(同)dainty,fastidious,finical,fussy,pernickety
list 14 flaccid --------galvanize
flaccid [] adj.软弱无力的(flabby)
(反)flaccidity ◆ firmness 软弱 ◆ 坚固
(同)limp,flabby,flimsy,floppy
flag [] n.旗;标记 v.标记;变弱衰退(droop; grow feeble)
(类)flag·country=trademark·company 国家的标志是旗帜=公司的标志是商标
flag·vigor=waver·resolution 衰弱·精力=犹豫·果断(消除关系)
(反)flag ◆ wax 衰弱 ◆ 增加
flagging ◆ thriving/ vibrant 衰弱的 ◆ 兴旺的/活跃的
unflagging ◆ fading 恒定的不衰减的 ◆ 消逝的
flamboyant [] adj,辉耀华丽的;火焰似的;浮夸的
(类)flamboyant·reserved=furtive·open 炫耀的·保留的=秘密的·公开的
(反)flamboyant ◆ natural/ subdued/ understated 辉耀浮夸的 ◆ 自然的/ 柔和的 /朴素的
(同)baroque,florid,luscious,showy,ostentatious,pretentious,splashy
flatter [] vt.过分夸赞;奉承(to compliment excessively and often insincerely,especially in
order to win favor)
(类)flatter·praise=loquacious·talkative 奉承·赞扬=多嘴的·喜欢说话的(褒贬)
sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
休假是属于周期性休息的=令人痴迷之物是讨人喜欢的
disparage·ignore = scorn·reject (干扰:adulate·flatter奉承·奉承(程度))
蔑视·忽视 =轻蔑·拒绝(褒贬)
toady·flatter=extortionist·intimidation=querulous person·complain
谄媚者·奉承=勒索者·恐吓=发牢骚的人·抱怨(正面特征)
(反)flatter ◆ excoriate/ invective 奉承 ◆ 严厉批评/谩骂的
flaunting adj,炫耀卖弄的(show off complacently)
flaw [] n,瑕疵;缺点 v,生裂缝
(类)glitch·flaw=peccadillo·error(sin,offense) 小故障·缺点=小错误·错误
impeccable·flaw=ingenuous·guile 无暇的·瑕癖=真诚的·狡猾(反面特征)
flax [] n.亚麻
(类)flax·linen=clay·porcelain 亚麻·亚麻织品=粘土·瓷器(原料产品关系)
fledge [] v.长羽毛(to grow the plumage necessary for flight)
(反)fledge ◆ molt 长羽毛 ◆ 脱毛
fledgling ◆ experienced practitioner 刚开始的人 ◆ 有经验的从业者
fleet [] adj.快速的 vt.消磨 vi.疾驰;飞逝;掠过
(类)fleeting·pass=meteoric·rise 疾驰的·通过=流星似的·升起(快速对行为)
flexible [] adj,有弹性的;柔韧的;灵活的
(类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 易弯曲的·柔韧性=细长的·脆弱
static·moving=pliable·inflexible 静止的·移动的=易弯的·不可弯曲的
flexibility·spinelessness=courage·daredevilry=courage·foolhardiness
柔韧性·没骨气=勇气·冒失(正常和过分关系)
(反)flexible ◆ mulish 灵活的 ◆ 和骡子一样固执的
flexibility ◆ calcification 柔韧 ◆ 僵化
flight [ ] n,逃跑,溃退(an act or instance of running away)
flinch [] n.v.畏缩;退缩(to recoil,as from something unpleasant or difficult;shrink)
(类)grisly·flinch=droll·laugh 恐怖的·畏缩·好笑的·笑 (动作及其引发原因)
flinch·fear=grimace·pain 畏缩·害怕=痛苦的表情·疼痛(动作表达心理)
(记)区别:filch 偷窃;filth 污秽;finch 雀类
flippancy [] n,轻率,无礼
(类)flip·respect=nonchalant·concern 无礼的·尊重=冷漠的·关心(反面特征)
(反)flippancy ◆ earnest/gravity/seriousness/sobriety 轻率 ◆ 认真,庄重,冷静
flirt [] v.调情(to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures) n.调情者
(类)supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 哀求者·哀求的=风骚女人·调情的
flit [] n.v.掠过;迁徙(fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter迅速飞过·移动·突然说出·出声(迅速对正常)
(反)flit ◆ plod 迅速飞过 ◆ 沉重缓慢地走
flock [] n.一群;大量 v.聚结
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep 私党·熟友=羊群·绵羊(组成关系)
herd·animals=flock·birds 兽群·动物=鸟群·鸟(组成关系)
(反)flock ◆ segregate 聚集 ◆ 隔离
florid adj.华丽的(very flowery in style)
(反)florid ◆ inane 华丽的 ◆ 空洞的(EMPTY,INSUBSTANTIAL)(需进一步讨论)
flounder [] n.v.挣扎;犯错;困难地往前走
(类)flounder·process 困难地往前走·前行
(反)flounder ◆ act gracefully 挣扎 ◆ 优美地行动
flounder ◆ slide 困难地往前走 ◆ 滑动
(同)blunder,lurch,stumble
flourish [] vi.繁荣;茂盛;炫耀(grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures)
(反)flourish ◆ waste away/wither 繁荣 ◆ 衰弱/凋谢
flourish ◆ lack of embellishment 炫耀 ◆ 缺乏装饰
flout [] n.v.蔑视(reject; mock)
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 蔑视·忽视=嘲弄·挑战(程度)
(同)scoff,fleer,gibe,gird,jeer,jest,sneer
fluctuate [] vi.波动;动摇(wave)
(类)pristine·decay=stable·fluctuation 纯洁的·腐败=稳定的·动摇(反面特征)
(反)fluctuate ◆ remain steady 波动 ◆ 保持稳定
fluctuation ◆ invariance 波动性 ◆ 不变性
fluent [] adj.流利的;流畅的
(类)fluent·glib=humorous·wry [meticulous·finicky/nitpick]
流利的·油腔滑调的=幽默的·讽刺性幽默的(褒贬)
【注:编者认为如果两组搭配同时出现优先选前者;因为无论是glib还是wry都是对对应词的一种歪曲。流利走上歪路变成了圆滑,而幽默走上了歪路变成了讽刺。而后者仔细的和过分仔细的即使有褒贬的含义这种褒贬关系也不是歪曲的感觉,而是一种正向的关系“过度”;有程度的意味在里面。你能说过度仔细的达到了挑剔的程度;但你不能说过度流利的到了圆滑的程度;或者过度幽默的到了讽刺的程度。】
(反)fluent ◆ halting 流利的 ◆ 犹豫的
fluke [] n.侥幸(unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune)
(反)fluke ◆ expected occurrence 侥幸 ◆ 预期发生
flush [] vi.脸红;冲洗(to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water,as a toilet.)
(类)galvanize·stimulate=irrigate·flush 刺激·刺激=冲洗(伤口)·冲洗(同义)
fluster [] v,慌乱(confuse)
(反)flustered ◆ calm 慌乱的 ◆ 冷静的
(同)discompose,agitate,bother,disquiet,disturb,perturb
fluvial [] adj,河流的
(类)fluvial·river=sidereal·star 河流的·河流=恒星的·恒星
foible [] n.小缺点
(类)foible·failing=squabble·dispute(tiff,quarrel) 小缺点·缺点=小争吵·争吵
foible·fault(flaw)=quibble·objection 小缺点·缺点=小反对·反对
foil [] v.挫败 n.金属薄片
(类)foil·metal=veneer·wood 金属薄片·金属=饰面薄板·木材
(反)foil ◆ implement 挫败 ◆ 生效帮助
foliage [] n.树叶;一簇叶子(masses of leaves)
(类)foliage·bush=plumage·bird 一簇叶子·树丛=羽毛束·鸟(事物及其所属物)
foment [] vt.引发;煽动(stir up; instigate)
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invigorate 有助于的·煽动=滋补的·使健壮(因果)
foment·discontentment=disseminate·information 煽动不满=传播信息
(反)foment ◆ allay/defuse/impede/inhibit/placate/quash/quell/squelch/stifle/thwart
煽动 ◆ 缓和/阻碍/禁止/安抚/镇压/扼杀/阻挠
(同)incite,abet,instigate,provoke,raise,stir(up)
foolproof [] adj.连傻子都懂的;十分简单的
(类)foolproof·fail=airtight·leak
连傻子都懂的难以失败=密封的难以泄漏(难以关系)
footloose [] adj.自由自在的
(类)footloose·attachment=dauntless·trepidation/unversed·familiarity
自由自在的·附着=无所畏惧的·恐惧/不熟练的·熟悉(行为及其反面特征)
(反)footloose ◆ attached 无拘束的 ◆ 附着的
(记)foot+loose松开脚=自由的
forage [ ] n,饲料,粮草; v,搜寻,翻寻
(例)foraged a chicken for the feast 为宴会搜寻一只鸡。
forebear [] n.祖先
(反)forebears ◆ descendants 祖先 ◆ 后代
forbearance [] n.克制;忍耐;宽容
(反)forbearance ◆ impatience 克制 ◆ 无耐心
ford [] n.浅滩 v.涉水place where a river can be crossed on foot
(类)ford·river=pass·mountain
渡水过河=通过隘口过山(穿越关系【山·水二层对应】)
(记)联想:Ford 福特汽车
forfeit [ ] vt,被罚没收,丧失(to lose or lose the right to by some error)
(例)You have forfeited your chance of getting your money back,你失去了取回钱的机会。
forestall [] vt.预先阻止;先发制人prevent by taking action in advance
(反)forestall ◆ abet/precipitate 预先阻止 ◆ 教唆/促成
foreword [] n.前言
(类)foreword·introductory=appellation·designate
前言·引导的=指派;命名·已受委派而尚未上任的(正面特征)
forgery [] n.伪造;伪造品
(类)forgery·documents=plagiarism·ideas 伪造文件=剽窃思想
forger·metal=miller·grain
锻造工·金属=磨坊工·谷物(职业及其工作对象【二层对应·碾磨】)
forgo [ ] 弃绝;放弃(to abstain from; relinquish)
formidable [] adj.可怕的;艰难的(menacing; threatening);令人钦佩的,优秀的
(反)formidable ◆ comforting/enticing/genial/reassuring
可怕的 ◆ 安慰的/引诱的/和蔼可亲的/安慰的
formidable ◆ simple 艰难的 ◆ 简单的
(同)appalling,awful,dreadful,terrible,arduous,labored,strenuous
forthright [] adj.直率的;立即的(straightforward; direct; frank)
(类)forthright·guile=acrid·gentleness 直率的·欺骗=刻薄的·和蔼(反面特征)
(反)forthright ◆ furtive 直率的 ◆ 偷偷摸摸的
fortify [] vt.增强
(反)fortify ◆ enervate/vitiate 增强 ◆ 使衰弱/削弱
fortified ◆ debilitated 增强的 ◆ 削弱的
fortuitous [ ] adj.偶然的,幸运的
foster [] vt,养育培养;鼓励(to promote the growth and development of)
(反)foster ◆ stifle 养育 ◆ 扼杀
foster ◆ thwart 鼓励 ◆ 阻挠【注:干扰选项retract 撤回】
founder [] vt,完败(fail completely)沉没(sink) n.奠基者
(反)founder ◆ afloat/stay aloft 沉没 ◆ 漂浮/在高处
founder ◆ succeed 完败 ◆ 成功
fracas [] n.喧闹的吵架(brawl; melee)
(反)fracas ◆ peaceful discussion 喧闹的吵架 ◆ 平和的讨论
fracture [] n.破裂;骨折
(反)fracture ◆ cement 破裂 ◆ 像水泥结合巩固
fragile [] adj.易碎的;脆弱的;纤巧的
(类)fragile·break=porous·penetrate/flammable·burn
易碎的·破碎=多孔的·渗透/易燃的·燃烧(容易关系)
frail []adj.虚弱的;脆弱的;(意志)薄弱的
(类)spindly·frailty=limber·flexibility 细长的·脆弱=易弯曲的·柔韧性
(反)frailty ◆ hardness/stamina 脆弱 ◆ 坚硬/毅力精力
fraternal [ ] adj.兄弟的,兄弟般的,友爱的
fraudulent [] adj.欺诈的(cheating; deceitful)
(类)authenticity·fraudulent=sincerity·hypocritical 真实·欺诈的=真诚·伪善的
hoax·fraudulent=paragon·excellent 骗局特点是欺骗的=模范特点是优秀的
fraught [ ] adj.充满…的(filled with a specified element or elements; charged)
(反)idyll ◆ experience fraught with tension 田园休闲生活 ◆充满紧张的经历
freelancer [] n.自由作家
(类)freelancer·employer=nomad·domicile 自由作家没有老板=游牧民流浪者没有住所
freight [] n,货物,货运;vt,装货,运送
frenzy [] n,疯狂(delirium,furor)v,使发狂
(类)frenzy·emotion=convulsion·contraction 疯狂是反常感情=痉挛反常收缩
energetic·frenetic / frenzied =firm·obdurate/obstinate
精力充沛的·狂热的=坚定的·顽固的(褒贬)
frenzy·calm=abandon·prohibit/inhibit 使发狂·使平静=放任·禁止抑制
frequent [] v,时常出入出现,常往;adj.经常的
(类)frequency·pitch=wavelength·color频率决定音品=波长决定颜色
(反)frequent ◆ visit rarely 时常出入出现 ◆ 很少访问
frequency ◆ rarity 频繁 ◆ 稀罕
fresco [] n.壁画
(类)fresco·wall=parquetry·floor 壁画·墙=画在地板上的装饰画;镶木细工·地板
fret [] n.苦恼;侵蚀 v.使苦恼;侵蚀;烦恼
(类)fret·vexation=draconian·inclement 烦恼·烦恼=严峻的·严酷的(同义)
(同)worry,fuss,pother,annoy,chafe,gall,irk,provoke,ruffle,vex
friable [] adj.易碎的;脆的(readily crumbled; brittle)
(类)friable·crumble=malleable·alter=lucid·comprehend
易碎的·弄碎=易变的·改变=清晰的·理解(容易关系)
impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不能透过的;坚固的·易碎的=不可燃的·易燃的(反义)
(反)friable ◆ unable to crumb/resistance to be pulverized/substantial
易碎的 ◆ 难以压碎的/难以粉碎/坚固的
friction [] n.摩擦;不和
(类)abraded·friction=desiccated·dehydration=vaporized·heat
摩擦的·摩擦=脱水的·脱水=蒸发的·热(后者造成前者)
frieze [] n.在墙顶与天花板间起装饰作用的横条饰带
(类)frieze·building=illumination·manuscript
饰带·建筑物=文中装饰性图画·手稿(事物及其装饰对象)
frieze·ornament=pillar·support 饰带·装饰=柱子·支撑(事物及其功能)
frigid [] adj.酷寒的(intensely cold)
(类)frigid·cool=soaking·damp 严寒的·凉的=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(反)sweltering ◆ frigid 炎热的 ◆ 寒冷的
fringe [] n.边缘(a marginal,peripheral,or secondary part)
(反)fringe ◆ center 边缘 ◆ 中心
(记)观察fringe中间的ring (环,包围)联想:由边缘开始包围。
frivolous [] adj.轻浮的,琐屑的(lacking in seriousness;relatively unimportant)
(类)frivolous·gravity=brash·discretion 轻佻的·严肃=仓促的·慎重(反面特征)
(反)frivolous ◆ sober 轻佻的 ◆ 冷静严肃的
frivolousness ◆ grandeur/temperance 轻薄 ◆ 壮丽/节制
(同)giddy,flighty
frond [] n.蕨类叶子;庞大的叶子(fern leaf; palm or banana leaf)
(类)frond·fern=needle·pine蕨类叶子·蕨类植物=针叶·松树
frond·leaf=boulder·rock 庞大的叶子·叶子=巨砾·石头(大对正常)
frothy [] adj,泡沫的;浅薄的(playfully frivolous in character or content)
(反)frothy ◆ weighty 浅薄的 ◆ 重的
(例)A glass of beer with a lot of froth on it,有许多泡沫的一杯啤酒。
frowsy [] adj.肮脏的;难闻的(sordid)
(反)frowsy ◆ dapper 肮脏的 ◆ 整洁的
frugal [] adj.节约的(practicing by economy,as in the expenditure of money)
(类)frugal·miserly=confident·arrogant 节约的·守财奴的=自信的·傲慢无礼的(褒贬)
frugal·parsimonious=attentive·obsequious
节约的·极度节俭的=殷勤的·过分殷勤的(褒贬)
frugality·parsimony=pride·hubris节约·极度节俭=骄傲·极度傲慢(褒贬)
frugal·penurious=deference·sycophant=firm·obdurate=compliant·obsequious
节约的·吝啬的=敬重·奉承的=坚定的·顽固的=顺从的·巴结的(褒贬)
(反)frugal ◆ prodigal/sumptuous 节俭的 ◆ 浪费的/奢侈的
frugality ◆ extravagancy 节俭 ◆ 奢侈
frustrate [] adj,失败的 v.挫败;使泄气灰心(to cause feelings of discouragement in)
(反)frustrate ◆ abet 使泄气灰心 ◆ 教唆
full-bodied [] adj.躯体大的;味道浓烈的
(类)full-bodied·flavor=resonant·sound 味道浓烈的·味道=洪亮的·声音
fulminate [] v,大声斥责(to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation)
(类)fulminate·criticize=adulate·flatter 大声斥责·批评=奉承·谄媚(程度)
(反)fulmination ◆ praise 大声斥责 ◆ 赞美
fumble [] n.v.摸索;乱摸(to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something)
(反)fumble ◆ handle adroitly 摸索 ◆ 灵巧地处理
(同)grope,grabble
(记)谐音:翻宝—>搜索
fungi [] n.真菌类;蘑菇[pl.]
(类)fungi·ecologist=motivation·psychologist 真菌·生态学者=动机·心理学家
furnace [] n.火炉
(类)furnace·heat=generator·electricity 火炉产生热=发电机产生电
furor [] n.喧闹;狂怒;狂热(a general commotion; public disorder or uproar)
(反)furor ◆ serenity 喧闹 ◆ 平静
furtive [] adj.偷偷摸摸的;秘密的(stealthy; sneaky)
(类)furtive·open=flamboyant·reserved 秘密的·公开的=浮夸的·保留的(反义)
stealth·furtive=caprice·whimsical
秘密行动特点是偷偷摸摸=反复无常特点是多怪念头的
(反)furtive ◆ above board/brassy/candid/forthright/open/sublime/shamelessly bold
偷偷摸摸的 ◆ 光明正大的/厚颜无耻的/坦率的/庄严的
fury [] n.暴怒;狂怒;狂暴(violent anger; rage)
(类)fury·anger=effervescence·feeling 狂怒·恼火=兴奋欢腾·情绪佳(程度)
fussy [] adj,过分注重细节的;挑剔的(requiring great attention to sometimes trivial details)
(类)fussy·careful=garrulous·talkative
过分注重细节的·仔细的=啰嗦的·健谈的(过分与正常)
tend·fuss=assert·belabor注意·过分注重细节=断言·唠叨地讲(正常与过分)
【注】fuss,to be excessively careful or solicitous
fusty [] adj,发霉味的(smelling of mildew or decay;musty);守旧的(antique)
(反)fusty ◆ fresh发霉味的 ◆ 新鲜的
(记)fust 原义木头,啤酒桶 联想:啤酒桶是发霉味的 参考:fustian 棉布,夸大的话
futile [] adj.白费力气的;无益的;无用的(ineffective; fruitless)
(类)bootless·futile=interesting·intriguing 无用的·无用的=有趣的·有趣的(同义)
bootless·futility=effulgent·resplendence=void·empty
无益的·无益=光辉灿烂的·灿烂=空洞的·空的(形名同义)
(反)futile ◆ efficacious 无用的 ◆ 有效的
futility ◆ effectiveness 无用 ◆ 效力
(同)abortive,bootless,fruitless,ineffective,vain
gadfly [] n.牛虻;讨厌的人(any of various flies)
(类)gadfly·goad=humorist·amuse 刺激物,牛虻·刺激=幽默者·逗乐(正面特征)
(记)gad尖头棒+ fly苍蝇 带刺的苍蝇→牛虻
gadget [] n.小玩意(a contrivance)
(类)gadgets·tools=trinkets·jewelry 小玩意·工具=小装饰物·珠宝(小对正常)
(记)gad 尖头棒+get 表示小的后缀→小玩意
gaffe [] n.社交上失言;失态(a social or diplomatic blunder)
(类)gaffe·decorum=miscalculation·judgment 失礼·礼仪=错误的计算·判断(错误对正常)
gaffe·judgment=illusion·perception 失礼·判断=错觉·感知(错误对正常)
gaffe·tactless=exploit·heroic 失态·不圆通的=开拓·英雄的(正面特征)
gaffe·social=malapropism·verbal 失态是社交上的失误=用词错误是言辞上的失误
gainsay [] v.否认(deny)
(反)gainsay ◆ affirm/concur/speak in support of 否认 ◆ 证实/同意/支持
gait [] n.步态;步法(manner of walking or running)
(类)gait·walk=parlance·speak=mnemonic·remember
法·走=语法·说=记忆法·记忆(行为及其规范)
galaxy [] n.银河;星系(the Milky Way)
(类)galaxy·star=archipelago·island 星系·恒星=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)
gall [] n.v.(使)烦恼;(使)焦躁;难堪(annoy; chafe)
(反)gall ◆ appease/ assuage/ calm/lull/ placate 使焦躁 ◆ 使平静,抚慰
gallant [] adj.华丽的;英勇的
(反)gallant ◆ craven 英勇的 ◆ 胆小的
(同)gracious,brave,dauntless,heroic,lionhearted,stouthearted
(记)gall(胆汁)*英勇的
galley [] n.船上厨房
(类)galley·ship=kitchen·house 船上厨房·船=家中厨房·家
galvanize [] v.电镀;激励(to arouse to awareness or action; spur)
(反)galvanize ◆ allay / lull 激励 ◆ 减轻/使平静
list 15 gamble -------half-baked
gamble [] v.赌博;孤注一掷(to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior)
(类)cautious·gamble=adamant·yield 谨慎的不孤注一掷冒险=坚强的不屈服
gambol [] n.vi.欢跳;雀跃(to leap about playfully; frolic)
(反)gambol ◆ plod 欢跳雀跃 ◆ 沉重缓慢地走
(记)gamble(赌博) 获胜后gambol(雀跃)庆祝
gangly [] adj.身材瘦长的(gangling.)
(反)gangly ◆ stalwart  身材瘦长的 ◆ 强壮的
(记)谐音:杠铃。联想:身材跟杠铃似的—>瘦长。
gangway [] n.过道;通路;跳板
(类)gangway·ship=drawbridge·castle 跳板是上船之路=吊桥是进城堡之路
(记)gang(ly)瘦长的+way路=跳板
garble [] v.曲解;篡改;混淆(mix up; jumble; distort)
(类)garbled·clarity=ramshackle·soundness 曲解的不清楚=摇摇欲坠的不稳固
garbled·comprehend=obscured·recognize 篡改的难以理解=晦涩的难以认出
garble·unintelligible=correct·accurate 篡改使其不可理解的=校正使其准确的
(反)garble ◆ elucidate/report accurately 曲解 ◆ 阐明/精确地报告
gargantuan [] adj.巨大的(huge; enormous)
(类)gargantuan·large=excruciating·painful 巨大的·大的=极痛苦的·痛苦的
(反)gargantuan ◆ minuscule 巨大的 ◆ 微小的
garish [] adj.俗丽的;过分装饰的(gaudy)
(类)garish·colorful=fawn·attentive=prying·inquisitive
过分装饰的·色彩艳丽的=阿谀奉承的·殷勤的=窥探的·好问的(褒贬程度)
garment [] n.衣服;外观
(类)hem·garment=molding·cabinet=ruffle·shirt
衣服褶边·衣服=装饰嵌线壁带·橱柜=织物褶边·衬衫(前者特定装饰后者)
raincoat(lint)·garment=tarpaulin·covering
雨衣(皮棉)·衣服=防水油布·覆盖物(种属)
garrulous [] adj.唠叨的;啰嗦的(tiresomely talkative)
(类)garrulous·talkative=cloying·sweet=fussy·careful
啰嗦的·健谈的=过分甜腻的·甜的=过分注重细节的·仔细的(褒贬程度)
garrulous·words=prodigal·money唠叨的多废话=浪费钱的浪费钱
(反)garrulity ◆ taciturnity 饶舌多话 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)babblative,chatty,gabby,loquacious
gash [] n.砍得很深的伤口;很深的裂缝(a long,deep cut)
(类)cut·gash=cleft·chasm 伤口·很深的伤口=裂缝·很深的裂缝(程度)
gasification [] n.气化
(反)gasification/vaporization ◆ solidification 气化/汽化 ◆ 固化
gauche [] adj.笨拙的;粗鲁无礼的;缺乏社交经验的(lacking social polish; tactless)
(类)gaucherie·skill=cacophony·voice笨拙·技术=不和谐音·语音
(反)gaucheness ◆ polish 缺乏社交经验 ◆ 有修养
gaudy [] adj.俗丽的(ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented)
(类)gaudy·apparel=grandiloquent·speak 华丽而俗气的·衣服=大言不惭的·言语
gauge [] n.度量规格;测量器具 vt.度量;估计
(类)gauge·pressure=measure·dimensions=plumb·depth
计压器·压力=度量器·尺寸=铅锤·深度(工具及其测量对象)
scale·weight = yardstick·length = gauge·pressure
天秤·重量 = 码尺·长度 = 气压计·压力
gauge·pressure=calibrate·diameter 度量压力=校准直径
(记)谐音:稿纸。联想:稿纸都有格子→规格
gear [] n.齿轮;工具
(类)gear·tooth=screw·thread 齿轮·齿牙=螺钉·螺线(组成关系且特定对应部分)
generic [ ] adj,属的,类的(of a genus);一般的,非特殊的(general)
(记)genus类;属 genre类型,流派
genetic [] adj,遗传的,基因的,起源的
(派)gene基因 genetics遗传学geneticist遗传学家genesis起源(the origin)
genial [] adj.和蔼的;亲切的(having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner)
(类)genial·bonhomie=diplomatic·tact 亲切的·温和=有外交策略的·机智(名形同义)
philanthropic·geniality=resourceful·inventiveness
博爱慈爱的·亲切=足智多谋的·发明(正面特征)
(反)genial ◆ caustic/dour/dyspeptic/mordant/truculent
和蔼的 ◆ 刻薄的/严厉的/阴郁的/尖酸的/好战凶猛的
genteel [] adj.上流社会有教养的;文雅的;时髦的(well-bred; elegant)
(类)genteel·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 有教养的·庸俗=勇敢的·害怕(反面特征)
truculent·gentleness=unregenerate·remorse 凶猛的·文雅=不改悔的·痛悔
(反)genteel ◆ churlish/loutish 有教养的 ◆ 粗暴的/蠢笨的
(记)来自gentle 文雅的 参考gentleman绅士
germane [] adj,有密切关系的(being at once relevant and appropriate:fitting)
(类)germane ◆ irrelevant/inappropriate 有密切关系的 ◆ 无关的/不适当的
(记)germ(幼芽)参考:germinate发展,发芽germinal幼芽的,独创性的
(例)omit details that are not germane to the discussion 忽略与讨论无关的细节
germinate [ ] v,使发芽,使发生,使发展
gerrymander vt,不公正划分选区(to divide an area into political units to give special advantages to
one group)
(类)gerrymander·district=rig·contest不公正划分选区·地区=用欺骗手段操纵·竞争(动宾)
【注:rig· to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest means】
geyser [] n,间歇泉;(英)(洗澡用)燃气热水器
(类)geyser·water= volcano·lava 间歇泉喷发出水=火山喷发出熔岩
gibe [] v,嘲笑,奚落(to deride or tease with taunting words)
(类)gibe·derision=apologize·regret=condolence·(sympathy/compassion)
奚落·嘲笑=道歉·遗憾 =哀悼·同情(前者程度较重)
(记)和jibe等同,谐音:讥鄙;联想因为鄙视而讥讽。
(同)scoff,fleer,flout,jeer,jest,sneer
giddy [] adj,轻率的(lightheartedly silly:frivolous)
(反)giddy ◆ serious 轻率的 ◆ 严肃的
giddiness ◆ grave 轻率 ◆ 严肃
(记)god-神圣,而gid(dy)-轻率
(同)dizzy,fribble,frivolous,skittish
gild [ ] v,镀金,虚饰
(反)represent accurately精确地表达
girder n,大梁(a horizontal main structural member that supports vertical loads)
(类)girder·support=ballast·stability大梁·支撑=压舱物·稳定
(记)谐音·歌德 联想:歌德是德国文学的大梁。
gist [] n.要点,要旨(the main point or part ;essence)
(类)gist ◆ tangential point 要点 ◆ 无关紧要的点
(记)谐音”记死他”;联想:对于要点,一定要记死他
given adj,有倾向的,喜爱…的(prone,disposed)
given 2 prep.考虑到,鉴于,由于
glacier [] n.冰川(a large body of ice moving slowly down a slope)
(类)glacier·ice=sea·water冰川·冰=海洋·水(组成关系)
glacial·cold=profound·deep冰冷的·寒冷的=深刻的·深(程度)
(记)与glaze (釉)一起记 联想:釉和冰的共同特点都是光滑的。
glade [] n.林间空地(an open space surrounded by woods)
(类)glade·wood=oasis·desert(干扰:archipelago·ocean群岛·海)
林间空地·树林=绿洲·沙漠(强调一种大片中一点空的感觉)
(记)与gladiator一起记 联想:古代角斗士一般在林中空地中决斗。
gladiator [] n.角斗士
(类)gladiator·arena=lawyer·courtroom 角斗士·竟技场=律师·法庭
glaze [] n.釉v.使表面光滑(a smooth slippery coating of thin ice)
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=veneer·furniture
釉·瓷器=清漆·木头=饰面·家具(事物及其表面装饰物)
(反)glaze ◆ rumple 使表面光滑 ◆ 弄皱
(记)与glade一起记glaze a glade
glib [] adj,流利圆滑的,善辩的(marked by fluency in speaking or writing)
(类)fluent·glib=humorous·wry 流利的·油腔滑调的=幽默的·讽刺性的幽默(褒贬程度)
glib·profundity = maladroit·skill 口齿伶俐的·深刻=不灵巧的·技巧(缺乏关系)
(反)labored不自然的taciturn沉默寡言的 awkward笨拙的
(记)a glib tongue三寸不烂之舌
glisten [] v,闪光 (to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附(反面特征)
(同)flash,gleam,glimmer,glint,glitter
glitch [] n,小故障(a usually minor malfunction)
(类)glitch·flaw=peccadillo·error 小故障·错误=小错误·错误(小和正常)
(记)g+litch(=litchi 荔枝)联想:割荔枝出现了小故障。
gloat [] vi,满足的看(有幸灾乐祸的味道)
(类)gloat·smug = primp·vain 满足的看·自以为是的=打扮·虚荣的(目的)
(记)与float一起记
gloomy [] adj,阴沉的,昏暗的;忧郁的(low in spirits·melancholy)
(类)saturnine·gloomy=despondent·depressed=masterful·skilled
忧郁的·忧郁的=沮丧的·沮丧的=熟练的·熟练的 (同义)
(反)gloomy ◆ forthy 忧郁的 ◆ 性格开朗的
(同)sullen,dour,glum,morose,saturnine
gloss [] n,简短解释(a brief explanation of a difficult;annotate);v,使有光泽
(类)blurb·notice=gloss·explanation=cameo·appearance
简短公告·公告=简短解释·解释=简短表演·表演(前者是后者的简化版)
(反)gloss-over ◆ scrutinize 敷衍潦草做事 ◆ 细察
glossary [] n.术语表(a collection of textual glosses)
(类)glossary·text=legend·map
术语表·正文=地图上的说明文字·地图(前者说明补充后者)
glossy [] adj,平滑的,有光泽的(having a surface luster or brightness)
(类)varnish·glossy=sand·smooth上漆·光滑的=砂磨·平滑的(前者造成后者)
glut [] n,大量,充斥,吃饱(an excessive quantity·oversupply)
(类)glut ◆ dearth 充斥 ◆ 缺乏
(记)与贪吃者glutton一起记忆
(同)satiate,gorge,sate,stodge,surfeit
glutinous [] adj,粘的,胶状的(having the quality of glue·gummy)
(类)glue·adhesive = etch·corrosiv胶·粘的=蚀刻·腐蚀的(正面特征)
(反)glutinous ◆ non viscous 粘的 ◆ 不粘的
(记)源自glue(胶水)
glutton [] n,贪吃者(one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating)
(类)gluttony·food = avarice·money贪食·食物=贪财·钱(后者是前者对象)
glutton·overindulge=ascetic·self denial贪吃者·放纵=禁欲者·克制
(反)gluttonous ◆ abstentious 贪吃的 ◆ 节制的
(记)glut(充斥)+ton(吨)能吃一吨的自然是贪吃者
goad [] vt,驱使,唆使(to incite or rouse as if with a goad)
(类)goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求 (主被动关系)
gadfly·goad=humorist·amuse 刺激物,牛虻·刺激=幽默者·逗乐(正面特征)
【注】gadfly,one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad.
(反)goad ◆ check/curb/ lull 唆使 ◆ 阻止/阻止/使安静
(记)原义赶牲口的棒子;引申刺激;与goal一起记忆,goad sb,to achieve a goal
gobble [] vt,狼吞虎咽(to swallow or eat greedily)
(类)gobble·nibble = quaff/swill·sip 狼吞虎咽·细咬=痛饮·小嘬(过度与正常)
gobble·eat=guzzle·drink 狼吞虎咽·吃=狂饮·喝(过度与正常)
(记)谐音“管饱”;联想:不用狼吞虎咽,这里管你吃饱。
(同)gulp,bolt,cram,englut,guzzle,ingurgitate
goggle [] n,护目镜
(类)goggles·eyes=earmuff·ears 护目镜·眼睛=御寒耳罩·耳朵
goldbrick [] vi,逃避工作和责任(to shirk duty or responsibility)
(类)goldbrick·work = evade·answer 逃避·工作=逃避·回答(前者逃避后者)
(记)gold + brick原意是假金砖
gorge [] n,峡谷vi,狼吞虎咽(to eat greedily or to repletion)
(类)abstemious·gorge = reticent·talk 节制的·暴食=沉默·说话(反义)
river·gorge=wind·dune 河流冲刷形成峡谷=风刮形成沙丘(皆为V字形)
(同)satiate,cloy,glut,stodge,surfeit
gossamer [] n,无实体东西(sth,light or insubstantial) adj,轻而薄的(extremely light)
(反)substance实体 ponderous沉重的
(同)filmy,flimsy,gauzy,sheer,transparent
gouge [ ] v,挖取,掘取;诈骗钱财,敲竹杠
gourmand [] n,嗜食者(one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking)
(类)gourmand·appetite=skinflint·thrift嗜食者食欲过好=吝啬鬼节俭过度
(记)和gourmet(美食家)区分:一个是贪吃;另一个是在食物中寻求美感
gourmet [] n,美食家(a connoisseur of food and drink; connoisseur)
(类)gourmet·food =cineast·film=bibliophile·books
美食家·食物=电影迷·电影=爱书者·书(前者爱后者之美感)
【注:bibliophile ·a lover of books especially for qualities of format】
(类)gourmet·cuisine = connoisseur·art 美食家·烹调=鉴赏家·艺术作品
gourmet·eat=bookworm·read 美食家·吃=书呆子·读(人物及其爱好)
gourmet·food=aesthete·art 美食家·食物=美学家·艺术(前者鉴赏后者)
grandeur [] n,庄严,伟大(the quality or state of being grand)
(反)grandeur ◆ frivolous 庄严 ◆ 轻佻的
(记)源于grand(大)
grandiloquent [] adj(语言等)夸张的
(类)grandiloquent·speak = gaudy·apparel 夸张的·说话=俗丽的·服装
(反)grandiloquent ◆ secretive 夸张的 ◆ 秘密的
(记)grandi(大)+loquent(多嘴的)
(同)bombastic,declamatory,euphuistic,magniloquent
grandiose [] adj,宏伟的,印象深的(imposing;impressive)
(类)grandiose·humility = ephemeral·longevity宏大的·谦卑=短命的·长寿
(反)grandiose ◆ trivial 宏伟的 ◆ 微不足道的
(同)grand,magnificent,majestic
grandstand [] v,哗众取宠的表演(to play or act so as to impress onlookers)
(类)grandstand·impress=equivocate·deceive= proselytize·convert
哗众取宠的表演·打动=支支吾吾的说·欺骗=劝诱改宗的人·皈依(目的)
(记)grandstand本意大看台,主观众席。引申为取悦观众的表演
grate [] v.碾磨;发出刺耳声音;使烦恼(irritate,fret)
(类)grating·sound=acrid·odor=fetid·smell
刺耳的·声音=辛辣的·味道=恶臭的·气味(前者修饰后者)
(反)grate ◆ soothe 使烦恼 ◆ 使平静
(同)irritate,aggravate,gall,nettle,peeve,rile
(记)注意这个词中间的rat;联想:老鼠磨牙发出刺耳声音让人烦恼。
gratify [] vt,使满足(give pleasure or satisfaction to;please)
(类)gratify·desire=slake·thirsty使满足·欲望=解渴·渴(前者满足后者)
(反)aggrieve使痛苦irk使厌烦displease使不快
gratuitous [] adj,无根据的(unwarranted);免费的(given freely)
(反)gratuitous ◆ merited/ warranted 无根据的 ◆ 应得的/有正当理由的
gratuitous ◆ justified 无根据的 ◆ 证明…是正当的
(记)源于gratuity(赏钱,小费)联想:小费给多少是没有根据的,当然也是可以免的。
(同)free,chargeless,complimentary,costless,gratis(以上词义都是“免费的”)
gravel [l] n,鹅卵石;卵石堆(a stratum or deposit of gravel)
(类)gravel·pebble=crowd·person 卵石堆·小鹅卵石=人群·人(组成关系)
green [] adj,无经验的(deficient in training,knowledge,or experience)
(类)experience·green = pelf·impecunious 经验·无经验的=钱财·贫穷的
inexperience·green=pertinacity·refractory 无经验·无经验的=顽固·难控制的(同义)
(记)绿色象征青年,朝气,无经验 参考·greenhorn(初学者,容易受骗的人)
(同)inexperienced,callow,fresh,raw,young
gregarious [] adj,合群的,爱社交的(sociable)
(类)recluse·gregariousness=poseur·sincerity 遁世者·爱社交=装模作样的人·真诚
(反)gregarious ◆ aloof 爱社交的=疏远的
(记)greg(群)参考·egregious超出平常的,过分的,惊人的
grieve [] adj.使痛苦(to cause to suffer)
(类)grieve·sorrow=smart·pain (使)痛苦·悲伤=刺痛·痛(前者造成后者)
solace·grief=pacification·anger安慰·悲伤=安抚·愤怒(前消除后)
(反)grievous ◆ slight 严重的 ◆ 轻微的
grievous ◆ joyous 令人痛苦的 ◆ 高兴的
【注:grievous三层意思:onerous(难以忍受的) afflictive(痛苦的)dire(可怕的)】
(记)注意与grievance(委屈,冤情)区别
grimace [] n,面部扭曲,痛苦表情,鬼脸(a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain)
(类)grimace·face=contortion·body 面部扭曲·脸部=扭弯·身体
chagrin·mind=grimace·face 懊恼是情绪异常=面部扭曲是脸部异常
grimace·pain=flinch·fear 痛苦的表情因为疼痛=畏缩因为害怕
(记)grim(严酷的,可怕的)+(f)ace可怕的脸
grin [] vi.咧着嘴笑(to draw back the lips to show the teeth in amusement)
(反)grin ◆ pout 咧着嘴笑 ◆ 噘嘴生气
gripe [] v,抱怨,诉苦(to complain with grumbling)
(类)gripe·discontent=praise·admiration 抱怨因为不满=表扬因为喜爱
(同)fuss,squawk,yammer,yawp
(例)students griping about the cafeteria food学生抱怨食堂的饭
gripping adj,抓人的,扣人心弦的
grisly [] adj,恐怖的(inspiring horror or intense fear)
(类)grisly·flinch=droll·laugh恐怖的·畏缩=滑稽的·笑(前者造成后者)
(例)Houses were dark and grisly under the blank,cold sky.
在空寂寒冷的天空下,房屋显得模糊而恐怖。
groove [] n,槽(a long narrow channel or depression)
(类)grooved·striation =braided·strand 有槽的·条纹=编织的·绳索(后者特征是前者)
striated·groove=dappled·spot 有条纹的·槽=有斑点的· 斑点(同义)
【注:striation·a minute groove especially when one of a parallel series】
(记)注意和grove(树丛)区分
grotesque [] adj,奇异的(fanciful,bizarre)
(类)grotesque·fantasy = imperial·significance 奇异的·幻想=帝王的·重要
(记)源于grotto(岩洞)+pieturesque(图画的)岩洞里奇异的画
(同)fantastic,antic,bizarre
grotto [] n.小洞穴,岩穴,人工洞室(a small cave or cavern)
(类)grotto·cavern=arroyo·channel小洞穴:巨洞=小河:海峡 (小与大)
grove [] n.小树林(a planting of fruit or nut trees)
(类)grove·trees=archipelago·islands小树林·树木=群岛·岛屿 (组成关系)
grovel [] vi.卑躬屈膝(crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate)
(类)groveler·petitioner=minion·dependent卑躬屈膝·请愿者=奴才·依赖者(贬义特征)
imperious·grovel傲慢的·卑躬屈膝 (反面特征)
(记)区分gravel(沙砾),grove(小树林),groove(槽)
(同)fawn,cower,cringe,kowtow,toady,truckle
grueling adj.筋疲力尽的(trying to the point of exhaustion)
(反)grueling ◆ effortless 筋疲力尽的 ◆ 不费力气的
(记)联想cruel(残酷的)比赛很残酷,让人筋疲力尽。
guarantee [] vt,保证,担保(undertake to do or secure)
(反)vouch ◆ refuse to guarantee 担保 ◆ 拒绝担保
guile [] n,狡猾,狡诈(deceitful cunning·Duplicity)
(类)guile·artless = blemish·impeccable 狡猾·朴实的=弄脏·无瑕的(反义)
guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡猾·天真的=迟缓的·迅速 (反义)
forthright·guile=acrid·gentleness 直率的·狡猾=刻薄的·柔和(反义)
ingenuous·guile = impeccable·flaw 直率的·狡诈=无瑕的·错误(反义)
(反)artless ◆ cunning/guile 朴实的=狡猾的
manipulate ◆ guileless 假造 ◆ 不狡诈的
(同)deceit,cunning,dissemblance,duplicity
guilt [] n,罪行;内疚,自责(feelings of culpability)
(类)guilt·blame = narcissism·love 自责·谴责=自恋·爱(种属)
guilt·expiation=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息(消除关系)
(反)innocence ◆ guilt 清白的 ◆ 有罪的
(同)blame,culpability,fault,onus
gullible [] adj.轻信的(easily duped or cheated)
(类)trusting·gullible=compliant·servile 信任的·轻信的=顺从的·奴性的(过分前者是后者)
vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled 警惕的不易被骗入圈套=机警的不易利用
【注】gull,to take advantage of (one who is foolish or unwary):deceive 利用,欺骗
(同)easy,fleeceable,naive,susceptible
gully [] n.小峡谷(a small valley or gulch)
(类)gully·erosion=callus·friction 小峡谷·腐蚀=老茧·磨擦(后者形成前者)
gum [] n,树胶;口香糖
(类)gum·rubber plant=resin·tree 树胶·橡胶树=树脂·树(前者由后者生成)
gush [] n,涌出,感情外溢(make an excessive display of feeling)
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 感情外溢·热情洋溢的=大怒·发怒的(同义)
gush·trickle=blast·whiff 涌出·滴流=爆炸·轻轻地吹(程度)
(派)gusher说话滔滔不绝的人,喷油井
gust [] n,一阵狂风(a sudden brief rush of wind)
(类)gust·wind=cloudburst·rainfall 一阵狂风·风=倾盆大雨·降雨(程度)
guzzle [] v,狂饮(to drink especially liquor greedily)
(类)drink·guzzle = complain·carp 喝酒·狂饮=抱怨·吹毛求疵(程度)
(记)和gobble(狼吞虎咽)一起记
(同)drink,booze,imbibe,swig,swill,swizzle
habitable [] adj,可居住的(suitable for habitation)
(类)habitable·dwelling = potable·beverage 住处是可居住的=饮料是可食用的
(记)habit(住) 参考:habitant居民 habitat 产地,栖息地
(同)livable,inhabitable,lodgeable,tenantable
hack [] n,出租用老马(a jade),雇佣文人v.切割(to cut or sever with repeated irregular blows)
(类)hack·carve=gouge·engrave 砍·切开=用圆凿子削除·雕刻 (后者由前者进行)
hack·writer = mercenary·soldier 雇佣文人·作家=雇佣兵·士兵(种属)
(记)hack=黑客 联想:黑客是一群“害群之马”→出租用老马(记词需要,对不起黑客兄弟了)
(同)drudge,grub,hireling,mercenary
hackneyed [] adj.平凡的;陈腐的(lacking in freshness or originality)
(类)bromide·hackneyed = equivocation·misleading平凡的人平凡=模棱两可的话使人误解
hackneyed·original = windy·concise 陈腐的·有创意的=吹牛的·简洁的(反义)
(反)hackneyed ◆ fresh 不新奇的 ◆ 新鲜的
hackneyed ◆ offbeat 不新奇的 ◆ 离奇的
hackneyed ◆ original 陈腐的 ◆ 创新的
unhackneyed person ◆ bromide 有创造性的人 ◆ 平庸的人
unhackneyed ◆ trite 有创造性的 ◆ 不陈腐的
(记)来源于hack(老马)
(同)trite,bathetic,cliche,stale,timeworn
halcyon [] adj,宁静的(calm);繁荣的,丰富的(prosperous;affluent)
(反)halcyon ◆ tempestuous 宁静的 ◆ 暴乱的
halcyon ◆ stormy 宁静的 ◆ 风暴的
halcyon ◆ miserable 丰富的 ◆ 少的可怜的(wretchedly inadequate)
(记)来源于古代神话,(相传冬至时能使海平面平静的)翠鸟
hale [] adj,强壮的,健壮的(free from defect;sound)
(反)effete衰弱的 labyrinth虚弱的blighted枯萎的anemic贫血的wan病态的
decrepid 衰老的 infirm弱的
(记)比较inhale吸气 exhale呼气 联想:经常深呼吸有利健康
(同)fit,sane,sound,wholesome
half-baked adj.考虑不成熟的(lacking adequate planning or forethought;lacking in judgment,
intelligence,or common sense)
(反)half-baked ◆ well thought of 考虑不成熟的 ◆ 详细计划的
list 16 hallmark --------hypnotic
hallmark [] n,典型的特征,特点(a distinguishing trait,or feature)
(反)hallmark ◆ uncharacteristic feature 典型的特征 ◆ 不典型的特征
(例)the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer
hallow [] vt,视为神圣(to make holy or set apart for holy use)
(反)hallow ◆ desecrate 视为神圣 ◆ 亵渎
(记)和hollow(空的)区分
(同)bless,consecrate,sanctify
hallucination [] n,幻觉,幻想
(类)delusion·thinking=hallucination·perception 错觉·思考=幻觉·感觉(行为特殊方式)
(同) delusion,illusion,mirage,phantasm
halting [] adj,蹒跚的,犹豫的(marked by a lack of effectiveness)
(类)stammer·halting=drone·monotonous结巴的说·犹豫=单调而低沉地说·单调的
(反)halting ◆ fluent 犹豫的 ◆ 流畅的
(记)源于halt(停止,踌伫)
(同)lumbering,maladroit
ham-handed adj,笨手笨脚的(lacking dexterity or grace)
(反)ham-handed ◆ deft/adroit 笨手笨脚的 ◆ 敏捷熟练的/灵巧的
(记)ham(火腿,腿)+hand(手)
(同)awdward,clumsy,gauche,inept,maladroit
hammer n,铁锤,槌
(类)hammer·anvil=pestle·mortar 槌·砧=杵·臼(事物之间相互关系)
hammer·carpenter=knife·butcher 槌·木匠=刀·屠户(人物及其工具)
hamper [] vt.阻碍n.有盖的大篮子
(类)laundry·hamper=mail·mailbox 要洗的衣服放在篮子里=信放在信箱里
(反)hamper ◆ facilitate 阻碍 ◆ 促进
seminal ◆ hampering further development 发展的 ◆ 阻碍发展的
(同)clog,curb,fetter,shackle,tie,trammel
(例)the long dress hampered her escape
hamstring [] vt,使残废,使无效(to make ineffective ;cripple)
(类)hamstring·effectiveness=enervate·vitality使无效·效率=削弱·活力(行为及其对象)
(记)ham(火腿,腿)+string(细绳,筋);原意是切断腿筋使成跛腿
hangdog [] adj,忧愁的,悲哀的,沮丧的;低贱的(sad,dejected)
(反)buoyant 心情愉快的 elated 兴高采烈的 sprightly 轻快的
(记)原义是像狗一样被吊死的人
hankering [] n,渴望(to have a strong or persistent desire)
(反)hankering ◆ odium/ lack of desire 渴望 ◆ 讨厌/不寄希望
haphazard [] adj,偶然的(marked by lack of plan,order,or direction)
(反)haphazard ◆ methodical/ systematic 偶然的 ◆ 系统的
(同)random,desultory,irregular,unconsidered,unplanned
(记)hap(运气)+ hazard(冒险)联想:运气和冒险都靠偶然 参考:hapless不幸的
harangue [] v,长篇大论(to address in a ranting way)
(反)harangue ◆ speak temperately 长篇大论 ◆ 有节制地说话
(同)orate,bloviate,perorate
harass [] v.烦扰(to annoy persistently)
(类)harass·irritating=haunt·familiar 使烦恼·使愤怒的=常到·熟悉的(同义)
(记)har + ass(驴子)
(同)raid,foray,harry,maraud
harbinger [] n,先驱;预言者(one that presages or foreshadows what is to come)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(同)announce,foreshow,herald,preindicate,presage
harbor [ ]n,港,避难所v,包庇,隐匿(to give shelter or refuge to)
(反)harbor ◆ evict 隐匿 ◆ 赶出
(同)chamber,haven,house,roof,shelter,shield
hard-bitten [] adj,顽强的,坚韧不拔的,不屈的(seasoned or steeled)
(反)hard-bitten ◆ tender 顽强的 ◆ 软弱的
(记)硬咬紧(bitten)牙关
hardy adj,勇敢的,鲁莽的;强健的(capable of withstanding adverse conditions)
(反)hardy ◆ tender 强健的 ◆ 柔弱的
harmonious [] adj,和睦的,和谐的(marked by accord in sentiment or action )
(类)harmony·congruity = clandestine·secrecy 秘密的·秘密=协调·一致(同义)
harmonious ◆ acrimonious 和睦的 ◆ 严厉的
harmony ◆ discord 协调 ◆ 不调和
(记)源于harmonize;harmon谐音“和睦”是GRE最好记的一个词
(同)chiming,consonant,harmonic,symphonious
(例)a harmonious morning chorus of birds
harness [] n.马具 v.利用(UTILIZE)
(反)harness ◆ fail to utilize 利用 ◆ 失败利用
(例)harness the computer's potential 利用计算机的潜能
(记)原意是给马上马具
harp [] n,竖琴(An instrument played by plucking with the fingers.)
(类)horn·blow=harp·pluck 角·吹=竖琴·拨(乐器及其动作)
harrow [] vt.折磨,使苦恼(to inflict great distress or torment on);n.耙
(反)harrow ◆ assuage 使苦恼 ◆ 减轻(苦恼)
(同)afflict,agonize,excruciate,rack,torment,torture
harry [] v,掠夺,骚扰(to torment by or as if by constant attack)
(反)harry ◆ comfort/untroubled/ mollify 骚扰 ◆ 安慰/没烦恼/安抚
(同)ravage,depredate,despoil,devastate
harsh [] adj,粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的(causing a painful sensory reaction)
(类)pan·harsh=barb·caustic 严厉的批评·刺耳的=讽刺的话·刻薄的(正面特征)
(反)harshen ◆ soften 使变粗糙 ◆ 软化
encomium ◆ harsh criticism 赞美 ◆ 严厉的批评
mollycoddle ◆ treat harshly 溺爱 ◆ 粗暴对待
paean ◆ harshly lampoon 赞美 ◆ 严厉地讽刺
(同)rough,rugged,scabrous,uneven,unsmooth
hasten [] vt.促进 vi.赶紧(to urge on)
(反)slow the progress of延缓过程/ check阻碍/ retard阻碍
(记)has+ten(十分紧要)得加快促进
(同)accelerate,hurry,quicken,swiften
hasty [] adj,匆匆的,急忙的(done or made in a hurry);轻率的(fast&typically superficial) (反)characterized by deliberation 深思熟虑地对待well considered/ deliberate 深思熟虑的
(记)和上面的hasten一起记忆
(同)expeditious,fleet,quick,rapid,swift
hatch [] n,舱口,舱口盖(an opening,as in the deck of a ship)
(类)door·room=hatch·hold 门·房间=舱口·货舱
haunt [] vt,常去(resort);(思想)萦扰(to come to mind continually)
(类)haunt·familiar=harass·irritating 常到·熟悉的=使烦恼·使愤怒的(前者造成后者)
(反)haunt ◆ shun 常到 ◆ 避开
(记)比较jaunt远足 taunt嘲弄daunt恐吓gaunt憔悴的
hauteur [] n.傲慢,高傲,自大(haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance)
(类)fawn·hauteur=self depreciate·swagger 奉承·自大=自我轻视·狂妄自大(反面特征)
(反)humility谦虚humbleness谦逊
(记)来自法语haut(高)+eur 参考:haughty adj,傲慢的
(同)pride,arrogance,haughtiness,loftiness,uperciliousness
haven [] n,避难所,安全的地方(a place of safety)
(反)haven ◆ unsafe place/dangerous place 避难所 ◆ 不安全的地方
(记)和天堂(heaven)一起记忆
(同)shelter,asylum,harbor,refuge,sanctuary
havoc [] n.大破坏,浩劫;大混乱(great confusion and disorder)
(反)havoc ◆ serenity 大混乱 ◆ 宁静
(同)ruin,destruction,devastation,ruination
headlong [] adj,莽撞的,轻率的(lacking in calmness or restraint Impetuous)
(反)headlong ◆ deliberate 轻率的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
(记)分开记忆head+long头长---轻率
(同)precipitate,abrupt,hasty,impetuous,rushing
hearken [] vi.倾听(to give respectful attention)
(反)hearken ◆ ignore 倾听 ◆ 不理睬
(记)分开记忆hear+ken看→边听边看→倾听
(同)listen,attend,hark,hear,heed
hearten [] vt,鼓起勇气,激励(to give heart to)
(类)hearten / heart·dejection = mollify·anger激励·沮丧=平息·愤怒(消除关系)
(反)daunt使胆怯/dismay沮丧
(记)源于heart
(同)encourage,cheer,embolden,inspirit,steel
heartrending [] adj.令人心碎的;悲惨的(causing intense sorrow or distress)
(类)heartrending·sad=earsplitting/deafening·loud令人心碎的·伤心=震耳欲聋的·响亮
(记)heart(心)+rend撕开→撕心裂肺,悲惨的
(同)afflictive,heartbreaking,lamentable,regrettable,unfortunate
hedonism [] n.享乐主义(the doctrine that happiness is the sole good in life)
(类)hedonist·pleasure=recluse·privacy/narcissistic·self
快乐主义者·快乐=隐遁者·秘密/自恋者·自己(人物及其追求对象)
(反)hedonist ◆ ascetic 享乐主义者 ◆ 禁欲者
(记)hedo谐音“海盗”联想:海盗中流行享乐主义。
(例)lead the life of a hedonist
hegemony [] n.霸权,统治权(preponderant influence or authority over others)
(反)hegemony ◆ lack of authority 霸权 ◆ 缺少权利
heinous [] adj.可憎的,十恶不赦的(hatefully or shockingly evil·abominable)
(反)heinous ◆ commendable 可憎的 ◆ 值得赞美的
(记)hei谐音“黑”+nous →心肠够黑,十恶不赦的
(同)atrocious,desperate,monstrous,shocking
heirloom [] n,传家宝
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 祖先留下传家宝 =立遗嘱之人留下遗产 ?
(记)源于heir(继承人)+loom织布机
helmet [] n.头盔
(类)helmet·injury =amulet·evil 头盔·伤害=护身符·邪恶 (避免关系)
(记)和舵(helm)一起记忆
hem [] n,(衣服或裙子的)褶边
(类)hem·garment=ruffle·shirt=molding·cabinet
褶边·衣服=皱褶·衬衫=装饰用嵌线·橱柜(事物及其特殊部分)
(记)谐音“痕” →折痕→(衣服或裙子的)褶边
hew [hju:] vt,砍伐;vi,遵守(hew to)
(反)comform to◆ not hew to
herald [] vt,预告(to give notice of);n.传令官
(类)unheralded·announcement = unabashed·embarrassment
未预告的·公告=不害羞的·困窘(反义)
(反)unherald ◆ proclaim 未预告的 ◆ 宣布
(同)announce,foreshow,harbinger,preindicate,presage
herbicide [] n,除草剂
(类)plant·herbicide = insect·pesticide植物·除草剂=害虫·杀虫剂(事物及其消除对象)
(记)herb(草)+cide(杀)参考:herbaceous草本植物的herbivorus食草的
heresy [] n,异教(an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma)
(类)recantation·heresy = apostasy·faith改变信仰·异教=变节·忠实(反义)
(反)heresy ◆ dogma 异教 ◆ 教条
(同)dissent,heterodoxy,nonconformism,unorthodoxy
heretical [] adj,异教的,异端的
(类)heretic·unconformity=apologist·defend=generous·liberality(干扰:authority·superiority)
异教徒·不顺从=辩护者·辩护=慷慨者·慷慨(正面特征)
doctrine·heretical=course·errant教条·异教的=路线·错误的(事物及其反面特征)
(同)dissident,heterodox,sectarian,unorthodox,heretical beliefs
hermetic [] adj,秘术的,深奥的(having to do with the occult sciences,especially
alchemy; magical)
(反)hermetic ◆ easily comprehended 深奥的 ◆ 容易理解的
(同)recondite,abstruse,deep,esoteric,occult,profound,secret
hermit [] n,隐士,隐居者(recluse,solitary)
(类)hermit·society=vegetarian·meat 隐士·社会=素食者·肉(前者远离后者)
hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的(正面特征)
(记)her+MIT.她入麻省理工就要成为隐士了
herpetologist [st] n,爬虫学家(dealing with reptiles and amphibians)
(类)chameleon·herpetologist=salmon·ichthyologist 变色龙·爬虫学家=鲑鱼·鱼类研究者
hesitance [] n,踌躇,犹豫(the quality or state of being hesitant)
(类)impetuous·hesitance=parsimonious·profligacy冲动的·犹豫=吝啬的·挥霍(反义)
impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible·servile 冲动的·犹豫=无法镇压的·卑屈的(反义)
hesitation·reluctance=hubris·pride 犹豫·勉强=狂妄自大·骄傲 (程度)
(反)hesitance ◆ alacrity/ impetuosity 犹豫 ◆ 敏捷/性急
heterodox [] adj,非正统的,异端的(not in agreement with accepted beliefs)
(类)doctrine·heterodoxy=spontaneous·studied 正统教义·异端=自发的·后天习得的(反义)
(记)hetero(异)参考:heterogeneous异类的,不同种类的
hiatus [] n.裂口,空隙(a gap or an interruption in space,time,or continuity; a break)
hidebound [] adj,顽固的(having an inflexible character)
(类)hidebound·conservative=manic·interested/excited(干扰:peeved·annoyed)
顽固的·保守的=疯狂的·感兴趣的/激动的(程度)
hidebound·flexibility=carefree·responsibility 死板的·灵活性=不负责任·责任(缺乏)
contumacious·authority=reactionary·change 不听令的的反对权威=反动的反对改变
(记)hide(皮)+bound(包起来)原意是一种驯服有很干燥的皮的动物
(同)illiberal,bigoted,intolerant,narrow
hideous [] adj,丑陋的(exceedingly ugly)
(反)hideous ◆ pulchritudinous 丑陋的 ◆ 美丽的
affinity ◆ aversion/hideousness 吸引力 ◆ 厌恶/丑陋的
(记)hide(隐藏)+ous因为丑陋而隐藏起来
(同)ugly,unbeautiful,uncomely,unsightly
hie [] v,急忙;疾走;催促(to go quickly)
(反)hie ◆ dawdle 催促 ◆ 游手好闲,闲混
(同)fare,proceed,travel,wend
hierarchy [] n,等级制度,僧侣统治,统治集团
(记)hier(神)+arch(统治)→神的统治→僧侣统治
hieroglyph [] n.象形文字,图画文字(a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing)
(类)decipher·hieroglyph=break·code 译解·象形文字=破解·密码(动宾关系)
(干扰separate·component分离·成分)
(记)hiero(神)+glyph(写)神写的象形文字
hike [] v,使高涨,拉起(to rise up)远足
(反)hike ◆ backset 使高涨 ◆ 倒退
hilarious [] adj,热闹的(marked by or affording hilarity)
(类)hilarious·funny = hoary·old 欢闹的·有趣的=极老的·老的(程度)
hilarious·laughter=contemptible·distain 笑声是欢闹=贬损别人是可鄙的(修饰)
(记)hilar(高兴)+ious(形容词结尾)
(同)glee,jocularity,jollity,joviality,merriment
histrionic [] adj.戏剧的(of or relating to actors,acting,or the theater)
(类)histrionic·actor = pedantic·scholar 戏剧的·演员= 书生气的·学者(正面特征)
(记)注意和historic(历史)区分
(同)dramatic,theatral,theatric,thespian
hive [] n,闹市(a place swarming with activity)
(类)active·hive = tumultuous·bedlam 活跃的·闹市=喧嚣的·喧嚣之地(正面特征)
(记)原意是蜂房,引申为闹市
hoard [] n./v,贮藏,秘藏(to keep (as one’s thoughts) to oneself)
(类)hoard·miser=shirk·malinger 储藏·守财奴=逃避·装病的人(正面特征)
miser·hoard=dandy·preen=sycophant·fawn=pundit·opine
守财奴·秘藏=花花公子·打扮=马屁精·奉承=博学者·发表意见(正面特征)
(反)hoard ◆ lavish 储藏 ◆ 浪费的
(记)注意和hoary(灰白的)区别
(同)squirrel,stash
hoary [] adj,灰白的,久远的(extremely old)
(类)hoary·old=hilarious·funny 极老的·老的=欢闹的·有趣的(程度)
(同)ancient,aged,antediluvian,antique
hoax [] n,愚弄,欺骗(an act intended to deceive or trick)
(类)hoax·deceive = filibuster·delay 阻挠·拖延=愚弄·欺骗(行为及其结果)
hoax·fraudulent=paragon·excellent 愚弄·欺骗的=模范·优秀的(正面特征)
(记)注意和coax(哄骗)区别
(同)fake,fraud,gyp,humbug,spoof
hodgepodge [] n,大杂烩(a heterogeneous mixture)
(类)hodgepodge·uniformity=cliche·originality 大杂烩·一致=陈词滥调·新颖(缺乏)
items·hodgepodge=people·rabble 物品·大杂烩=人·乌合之众(个体及其杂乱集体)
(同)gallimaufry,hotchpotch,jumble,medley,potpourri
homage [] n,敬意,尊敬,效忠(expression of high regard)
(类)laud·homage = counsel·advice称赞·敬意=劝告·劝告(同义)
(反)homage ◆ disrespect 敬意 ◆ 失礼
(记)同根词homicide(杀人犯),hom(=hum)人
(同)honor,reverence,deference
homely [] adj,家常的,朴素的;不漂亮的(not attractive or good-looking)
(反)pulchritude ◆ homeliness 美丽 ◆ 不漂亮
(记)home+ly(糟糠之妻)不漂亮
homily [] n,说教,训诫(a lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme)
(类)homily·lecture = parable·story 说教·演讲=寓言·故事(种属)
(记)和homely(不漂亮的)区别
homogenize [] v,使均匀(to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture)
(类)homogenize·uniform=putrefaction·rotten 使均匀·统一的=腐败·腐烂的 (同义)
(反)homogenize ◆ stratify 使均匀 ◆ 使分层
(记)homo(相同的)+gen(类)参考:homogeneous 同类的
hone []v,用磨刀石磨(to make more acute;whet) n,磨刀石,抱怨,想念
(反)hone ◆ blunt 磨快 ◆ 弄钝
honorarium [] n.酬劳
(类)honorarium·grateful = amenity·comfortable 酬劳·感谢的=宜人·舒适的(正面特征)
(记)honor(荣誉)+arium
(例)medicine is an honorable profession
hoodwink [] vt,欺骗,迷惑(to deceive by false appearance)
(反)hoodwink ◆ disabuse 迷惑 ◆ 解惑
(同)dupe,bamboozle,befool,chicane,gull,hoax,trick
hortative [] adj,鼓励的(giving exhortation)
(类)hortatory·urge=didactic·teach 鼓励的·力劝=说教的·教授(形容词与动词同义)
hortative·encourage=exculpatory·absolve鼓励的·鼓励=辨明无罪的·无罪赦免
(记)hort(敦促)+ative
horticulture [] n,园艺
(类)flower·horticulture = tree·forestry 花·园艺=树·林学(学科及其研究对象)
(记)horti(花园)+culture(培育)参考agriculture(农业)
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hovel [] n,小屋(a small,wretched,and often dirty house)
(类)palatial·hovel=bucolic·city= bucolic·metropolis
富丽堂皇的·小屋=田园风味的·城市=乡村的·大都市(反面特征)
(记)谐音:好窝。联想:我的好窝是小屋
hub [] n,车轴,中心(a center of activity or interest; a focal point)
(类)spoke·hub=radius·center轮辐·中心=半径·中心(前者会聚于后者)
hubris [] n,狂妄自大(exaggerated pride or self-confidencehubristic)
(类)hubris·pride=flattery·praise= hesitation·reluctance
狂妄自大·骄傲=奉承·表扬 =犹豫·不愿意(程度)
hubris·pride/self-confidence/proud = parsimony·frugal
狂妄自大·自豪的=吝啬·节俭的(褒贬程度)
hubris ◆ humility 狂妄自大 ◆ 谦逊
(记)hub 轴心 以自我为轴心→狂妄自大
humble [] adj,卑下的,谦逊的,粗陋的(ranking low in a hierarchy or scale)
(类)bumptious·humbleness =dour·geniality 傲慢的·谦逊=严厉的·亲切
bumptious·humbleness= impetuous·vacillation/ hesitation
傲慢的·谦逊=冲动的·犹豫(形名反义)
(反)humble ◆ bumptious/ supercilious 谦逊的 ◆ 傲慢的
(同)base,low,mean,plebeian
humidity [ ] n,湿气,潮湿,湿度
humiliate [ ] v,羞辱,使丢脸(to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes)
humility [ ] n,谦恭,谦逊 (the quality or state of being humble)
(类)humility·supplicant=resistance·adversary 谦卑·恳请者=抵抗·敌手(正面特征)
(反)humility ◆ hauteur/ panache 谦卑 ◆ 傲慢/炫耀,摆架子
(记)以上四词来自同一词根hum(地)实意方向发展→土地→泥→湿(humid);抽象方向发展→使接近地面→低→自认为很低(谦逊)和使别人低贱(羞辱)
humor [] v,迁就(to soothe or content by indulgence)n,幽默
(类)humor·mollycoddle = chide·pillory 迁就·溺爱=责骂·使示众(程度)
(同)coddle,cosset,indulge,mollycoddle,spoil
hunch [] n,直觉的想法,预感(a strong intuitive feeling concerning)
(例)had a hunch that he would lose,预感到他会输
hurricane [] n,飓风
(类)hurricane·cyclone=snow·precipitation 飓风·旋风=雪·降水(种属)
storm·hurricane=fire·inferno 暴风·飓风=火·大火(程度)
wind·hurricane=rain·deluge 风·狂风=雨·暴雨(程度)
(记)hurri(快)+cane快的风---飓风
husbandry [] n.节俭;耕种;家政(the control or judicious use of resources)
(类)husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节俭·浪费=敏捷·拖延(反义)
(反)husbandry ◆ prodigality/ waste 节俭 ◆ 浪费/浪费
husband ◆ squander 节俭地使用 ◆ 浪费
(记)husband(大丈夫)+ry男耕(此词有耕种发意思)女织自然节俭
(同) economy,frugality,prudence,thrift
husk [] n.(果类或谷物的)外壳(通常用复数);皮;无价值之物
(类)seed/corn·husk=orange·rind种子/谷物·外壳=橘子·外皮(事物及其外皮)
(反)husk ◆ core 外壳 ◆ 核
husk ◆ vital part 无价值之物 ◆ 主要部分
husky [] adj,声音沙哑的;粗糙的(hoarse or rough in quality)
(反)husky ◆ delicate 粗糙的 ◆ 细腻的
(记)来自husk 联想:植物的外壳一般是粗糙的。
(同)hoarse,croaking,croaky,gruff
hybrid [] adj,混合的;杂种的;混合语的n,杂种(something heterogeneous)
(反)hybrid ◆ of unmixed extraction /purebred 杂种的 ◆ 纯血统的/纯种的
(记)hybrid car(混合动力汽车,用发动机和电池作为动力来源)
(同)bastard,crossbreed,mongrel,mule
(例)the mule is a hybrid of the ass and the horse
hymn [] n,赞美诗,圣歌;赞歌(a song of praise or joy)
(类)hymn·praise=elegy·sorrow =dirge·grief
赞歌·赞美=挽歌·悲伤=挽歌·悲伤(事物及其表达的含义)
(同)song,aria,ditty
hyperbole [] n,夸张法(extravagant exaggeration)
(类)exaggeration·hyperbole=anger·tirade/pithiness·aphorism/playfulness·banter
夸张法夸张=激烈的长篇演说愤怒/格言精辟/玩笑顽皮
exaggerating·hyperbole =malicious·ill will 夸张·夸张=恶毒的·恶意
(反)hyperbole ◆ understatement 夸张 ◆ 保守的陈述
(记)hyper(高)+bole(树干)
(同)exaggeration,embellishment,embroidering
hypnotic [] adj,催眠的,于催眠的(tending to produce sleep)
(反)hypnotic ◆ conscious/stimulant 催眠药 ◆ 有知觉的/刺激物
(记)hypno(睡眠)+tic
(同) soporific,narcotic,opiate,somnifacient
list 17 hypocritical ---------indict
hypocritical [] adj,伪善的(characterized by hypocrisy; also ·being a hypocrite)
(类)sincerity·hypocritical =authenticity·fraudulent 诚挚·伪善的=真实性·欺诈的
hypocritical ◆ ingenuous/honest 伪善的 ◆ 真诚的/诚实的
(记)hypo(不足的)+critical(批评)假装不轻轻的批评
(同)canting,pecksniffian,pharisaical,sanctimonious
(例)hypocritical compliments
hypothesis [ ] n,假设(an assumption made for the sake of argument)
ichthyologist [] n,鱼类学者,鱼类研究者(one that deals with fishes)
(类)salmon·ichthyologist=chameleon·herpetologist
大麻哈鱼·鱼类学家=变色龙·爬虫学家(学者及其研究对象)
iconoclast [] n,偶像破坏者,打破旧习的人(one who attacks settled beliefs)
(类)iconoclast·attack=philosopher·cogitate 打破旧习的人·打破=哲人·思考
identical [] adj,同一的,同样的(being the same:selfsame)
(例)the identical place we stopped before我们以前停留过的同样的地方。
identify [ ] v,辨认,识别,确认
idiosyncrasy n,特质,特性(a peculiarity of constitution or temperament)
(记)idio个性,习性 参考:idiom习惯用语
idolatrize [] v.奉为偶像,盲目崇拜(admires intensely and often blindly)
(类)esteem·idolatrize=favor·bribe 尊敬·盲目崇拜=赐予·行贿 (程度褒贬类比)
reverent·idolater=trusting·dupe 虔诚的·偶像崇拜者=轻信的·易受骗的人(正面)
(记)idol(偶像)参考:idolatry 偶像崇拜
idyll [] n.田园诗,牧歌;田园生活(a carefree episode or experience)
(类)idyll·carefree=ordeal·difficult 田园生活·无忧无虑的=严酷的考验·困难的
(反)idyll ◆ experience fraught with tension 田园休闲生活 ◆充满紧张的经历
【注】fraught,filled with a specified element or elements; charged充满的
ignite [] v,点燃(to set afire),使灼热;使兴奋(to arouse the passions of; excite)
(反)ignite ◆ extinguish 点燃 ◆ 熄灭
(同)light,enkindle,fire,inflame,kindle
ignominy [] n,耻辱(deep personal humiliation and disgrace)
(反)ignominious ◆ lofty 可耻的 ◆ 崇高的
ignominy ◆ glory/honor/esteem/ respect 耻辱 ◆ 光荣
(记)ig+nomin(名声)
(同)discredit,disesteem,disrepute,infamy
illiteracy [] n,文盲(the condition of being unable to read and write)
(类)illiteracy·education=inequity·redistribution 文盲·教育=不公·重新分配(消除)
erudition ◆ illiteracy 博学 ◆ 文盲
(记)il(不)+literacy(有文化,有读写能力)参考:literature 文学
illuminati [] n,有睿智的人(persons who claim to be unusually enlightened)
(类)illuminati·instruct=interpreter·translate 有睿智的人·指导=翻译员·翻译(正面)
(同)intelligentsia,literati
(记)源于iluminate(照明,说明)
illumination [] n,照明;阐明;启发;装饰图案
(类)transportation·automobile=illumination·lamp
运输·车=照明·灯(用途)
lamp·illumination=apron·protect=stylus·mark
灯·照明= 围裙·保护 =铁笔·刻痕(物品及其用途)
flash·illumination=squall·commotion
通过闪烁来照明=通过大叫来扰乱
illumination·manuscript =frieze·building
装饰图案·手稿=雕饰·建筑(装饰关系)
illuminate·darkness=educate·ignorance
照明·黑暗=教育·无知(前者消除后者)
(反)obfuscate ◆ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly 使迷乱 ◆ 阐明/阐明/解释清楚
illusory [] adj,产生幻觉的,幻影的,幻想(based on or producing illusion)
(类)mirage·illusory =maelstrom·turbulent 海市蜃楼·幻影的=大旋涡·狂暴的(正面特征)
illusion·fantasy=nicety·precision 幻想·幻想=准确·精确(同义)
illusion·perception=cunning·truth =gaffe·judgment
幻想·感觉=狡诈·事实=过失·判断(错误与正常)
(记)源于illusion(幻想)
(同)ficitious,chimerical,fantastic,fictional,imaginary
imbibe [] v,象喝一样地吸收或吸进(to absorb or take in as if by drinking)
(类)thirsty·imbibe=exhausted·rest 喝水解渴=休息消除疲惫
(记)im(=in)+bibe(=drink)
imbue [] v,浸透,(用感情)充满(与with连用)
(例)People should be imbued with a sense of responsibility for the nation.
人们应该充满对国家的责任感
imbroglio [] n,纷乱,纠葛,纷扰,一团糟(a violently confused altercation)
(反)imbroglio ◆ harmony 纷乱 ◆ 协调
imitation [] n,模仿,效法;冒充,赝品
(类)exemplary·imitation=culpable·blame可作模范的·模仿·该责备的·责备(同义)
exemplary·imitation=reverent·deference可仿效的·模仿=虔诚的·尊重 (因果关系)
paragon/paradigm·imitate=reverence·regard模范·效仿=值得尊敬的人·尊重
(记)源于imitate(模仿)
(同)artificial,mock,simulated,spurious,substitute
immaculate [] adj纯净的(having no stain or blemish)
(反)squalor ◆ immaculate 肮脏的 ◆ 纯净的
(记)im(无)+maculate(斑点的)
(同)chaste,decent,stainless,unblemished,undefiled
immanent [] adj,普遍存在的,内在的
(类)immanent ◆ explicit/ extrinsic 内在的 ◆ 外在的/外在的
(记)im(=in)+man(人的)+ent在人的―――内在的
immaterial [] adj,非物质的,无形的,精神的(of no substantial consequence)
(类)immaterial·relevance=peripheral·center=circuitous·directness
不相关的·相关=外围的·中心=拐弯抹角的·率直(形名反义)
relevant ◆ immaterial 有关的 ◆ 无关的
(记)im(无)+material(实体的)
(同)incorporeal,insubstantial,nonphysical,spiritual,unmaterial
immature [] adj,不成熟的,未完全发展的
(类)immature·developed=incipient·realized 未完全发展的·发展好的=初始的·实现的
(记)im(不)+mature(成熟)
immemorial [] adj,古老的(existing since beyond the reach of memory,record)
(反)immemorial ◆ recent 古老的 ◆ 近来的
(记)im(不能)+memorial(记忆)不能记住――古老的
imminent [ ] adj,紧急的,马上要发生的;迫近的
(记)min(突出,威胁)参考:emminent杰出的;prominent 突出的,卓越的
immune [] adj,免疫的,免除的,不受影响的
(类)vaccinating·immunity=soporific·sleep 接种的·免疫=催眠的·睡觉(因果关系)
immunize·resist=fertilize·grow 使免疫·抵抗=施肥·生长(因果关系)
(反)immune ◆ having no resistance 免疫 ◆ 无抵抗力
immunity ◆ susceptibility 免疫性 ◆ 易感性
(记)和immure(禁闭)一起记忆
immure [] v,监禁,禁闭(to enclose within or as if within walls)
(反)immure ◆ release / liberate 禁闭 ◆ 释放/解放
(同)imprison,bastille,constrain,incarcerate,jail
immutable [] adj,不可变的(not capable of or susceptible to change)
(类)immutable·altered=implacable·propitiated 不可变的·改变的=不听劝解的·劝解的
immutable·change =transitory·endure 不能变的·改变=短暂的·耐久 (反义)
(反)immutable ◆ variable 不可变的 ◆ 可变的
(记)im(不)+mutable(易变的)
imp [] n,顽童(a mischievous child)
(类)mischievous·imp=insensitive·boor 淘气的·顽童=感觉迟钝的·粗人(正面特征)
impassioned [] adj,热情洋溢的,感情充沛的
(记)im(进入)+passion(激情,热情)→进入激情→热情洋溢的比较:impassive冷漠的
impassive [] adj,冷漠的,无感情的,平静的
(类)callous·impassive=dupe·duplicity 冷淡的·冷漠的=欺骗·不诚实 (同义)
mpassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·打扰=贪婪的·满足(反面被动特征)
(反)impassive ◆ emotional/ perfervid/ excitable 冷漠的 ◆ 情感的/非常热心的/易兴奋的
(记)im(进入)+passive(被动的,消极的)→进入消极→冷漠
(同)apathetic,phlegmatic,stoic,stolid
impartial [] adj,公平的,不偏不倚的(not partial or biased; unprejudiced)
impersonal [] adj,客观的,无个人喜好的;没有感情的,冷淡的;没有人情味的
(例)an aloof,impersonal manner,冷淡、疏远的态度;an impersonal remark 客观的评价
a large,impersonal corporation,一个没有人情味的大公司
impersonate [ ] vt,模仿,假扮; 体现(to embody)
impertinence n,不适当,傲慢(insolence),无礼;不相干(irrelevance)
(反)impertinence ◆ respect 傲慢,无礼 ◆ 尊敬
impertinence ◆ relevance 不相干 ◆ 相关
impervious []不能渗透的,不受影响的
(类)impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible不受影响的不脆弱=不可燃烧的不燃烧
imperturbable adj,沉着的,冷静的(unshakably calm and collected)
(反)ticklish 易发脾气的;restive不安的,不稳定的
impeccable [] a.没缺点的,正直的
(类)impeccable·flaw=ingenuous·guile 没缺点的·缺点=真诚的·狡诈(反面特征)
restive·calmness=impeccable·flaw=sterile·germ
不安静的·平静=没有缺点的·缺点=无菌的·细菌(缺乏关系)
(反)impeccable ◆ faulty 没缺点的 ◆ 有缺点的
(记)im(无)+peccable(易犯过失的)
(同)faultless,flawless,immaculate,irreproachable
impecunious [] adj,不名一文的,贫困的(having very little or no money)
(类)impecunious·money=foolish·discretion 贫穷的缺乏钱=愚蠢的缺乏判断力
pelf·impecunious=experience·green 钱财·贫穷的=经验·无经验的(缺乏)
(反)impecunious ◆ wealthy/prosperous/affluent 贫穷的 ◆ 富裕的/繁荣的/富裕的
impecunious ◆ lavish/prosperous/ affluent 贫穷的 ◆ 过分丰富的/繁荣的/富裕的
(记)im(无)+pecun (钱)+ ious→不名一文 参考:penurious吝啬的,贫困的
(同)poor,destitute,impoverished,indigent,penurious
impede [] v,妨碍,阻碍(to interfere with or slow the progress of)
(类)blandishment·cajole=obstacle·impede 甜言蜜语·哄骗=障碍·阻止(目的关系)
(反)facilitate ◆ impeding 促进 ◆ 阻止
impede ◆ promote/foment/ abet/ nurture/ assist 阻碍 ◆ 促进/煽动/教唆支持/抚育/帮助
encumber ◆ remove impediment 阻碍 ◆ 除去阻碍
cultivate ◆ impede 培养 ◆ 阻止
(同)hinder,block,brake,obstruct
impend [] vi,即将发生(to be about to occur ;imminent,proximate)
(反)remote ◆ impending 遥远的 ◆ 即将发生的
impenetrable [] adj,难以渗透的(incapable of being penetrated or pierced)
(类)enigma·impenetrable=juggernaut·unstoppable
迷一样的·难以理解的=压倒一切的力量·无法阻碍的(正面特征)
pierce·impenetrable=change·immutable=profane·inviolable
穿透·难以渗透的=改变·不可改变的=亵渎·不可亵渎的(动形反义)
(反)porous ◆ impenetrable多孔渗水的 ◆ 难以渗透的
(同)impassable,impermeable,impervious,unpierceable
impenitent [] adj,不悔悟的(not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain)
(反)impenitent ◆ remorseful / rueful 不悔的 ◆ 悔改的/悔恨的
(同)remorseless,regretless,unregretful,unrepentant
imperative [] adj,命令式的,急需的,势在必行的,强制的(expressive of a command)
(类) order·imperative=question·interrogative 命令·命令的=怀疑·表示疑问的(同义)
(记) 源于imper=order(命令)
(同)domineering,imperial,imperious,overbearing,peremptory
imperial [] adj,帝王的,至尊的;壮丽的,堂皇的
(类)imperial·significance=grotesque·fantasy 堂皇的·重大=奇异的·怪念头(同义)
imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=非常简朴的·简朴的(程度)
(反)imperial ◆ obedient 最高权力的 ◆ 服从的
(记)词根imper=order(命令) 联想:有资格指手画脚发布命令的当然是皇帝。
imperious [] adj,傲慢的,专横的(marked by arrogant assurance)
(类)imperious·fawn=swagger·self depreciate专横的·奉承=自大的·自贬(反义)
rash·circumspective=imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable
轻率的·慎重的=专横的·卑屈的=好战的·和平的(反义)
fawn·imperiousness=equivocate·directness=elaborate·sketch
奉承·专横=支吾·率直=详细描述·梗概(动名反义)
imperiousness·fawn=self depreciatory·swagger 专横·奉承=自我贬低·大摇大摆
elf·imperious恶人·专横的(正面特征)
(反)imperious ◆ servile/obeisant / obsequious/ humble/ deferential
专横的 ◆ 卑屈的/服从的/谄媚的/谦逊的/恭顺的
(记)词根imper和imperial,imperatorial(至尊的)一起记忆
(同)masterful,domineering,peremptory,imperative

impertinent [] adj,鲁莽的,粗鲁的(characterized by insolent rudeness);不恰当的
(类)impertinent·propriety=keen ·obtuseness 鲁莽的·适当=敏锐的·迟钝(反义)
perturb·serenity=impertinent·propriety 扰乱·平静=鲁莽的·适当(缺乏关系)
(反)impertinence ◆ obeisant /respect/relevance 无礼 ◆ 尊敬
(记)im(否定)+pertinent(有关的,得体的)→不得体的→鲁莽的
(同)officious,meddlesome,intrusive,obtrusive
imperturbable [] adj,冷静沉着的,泰然自若的,镇静的(marked by extreme calm)
(反)imperturbable/ calm ◆ ticklish / restive 冷静的 ◆ 不稳定的 / 吵闹的
imperturbability ◆ testiness / volatility 冷静 ◆ 暴躁 / 易变
(记)im+perturb(打扰)+able不被打扰的→冷静的
(同)cool,composed,collected,unruffled,nonchalant
impervious [] adj,密封的;不会被损害的(not capable of being damaged or harmed)
(类)impervious·damaged=indefensible·excused=precarious·stable
不会被损害的·伤害的=无辩护余地的·申辩的=不稳定的·稳定的(反义)
impervious·damaged=indomitable·subdue
不会被损害的·伤害的=不屈服的·屈服的(反义)
impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不会被损害的·易碎的=不燃烧的·易燃的
impervious·penetrate=ineluctable·avoid
不能渗透的·渗透=不可避免的·避免(反义)
(反)translucent ◆ impervious of light透明的 ◆ 不透光的
(记)im(否定)+pervious(渗透的)→不渗透的
(同)impenetrable,impermeable,imperviable,unpierceable
impetuous [] adj,冲动的,急躁的(marked by impulsive vehemence or passion)
(类)impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible·servile冲动的·犹豫=镇压不住的·顺从的(反义)
impetuous·vacillation/ hesitation=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的·踌躇/犹豫=傲慢的·谦逊(形名反义)
(反)impetuous ◆ deliberate 冲动的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
impetuosity ◆ hesitance/vacillation 冲动 ◆ 犹豫/踌躇
(记)词根impet(推动)
(同)precipitate,abrupt,hasty,precipitant,rushing
impiety [] n,无信仰,不虔诚(the quality or state of being impious)
(反)impiety ◆ devoutness 不虔诚的 ◆ 虔诚的
implacable [] adj,不能和解或平息的(Impossible to placate or appease)
(类)implacable·appease=indomitable·subdue 不能平息的不可平息=不能征服的不可征服
implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 不能和解的不会妥协=诚实的不会诈骗
implacable·propitiated =inalienable·surrendered=immutable·altered
不能和解的·和解的=不能让与的·放弃=不能变的·改变的(反面特征:不能)
(记)im+placable(易抚慰的)
(同)grim,merciless,ruthless,unappeasable
implement [] v,实现,使生效,执行 n,工具,器具
(反)implement ◆ foil  实现 ◆ 阻止
implicate v,含有…意思,暗示;使某人牵连于(罪行)
(例)The police found a letter which implicated him in the robbery.
警察发现了一封信,这封信把他牵连到抢劫案中。
(记)explicate v,阐明,说明 参考:implicit暗示的,含蓄的;explicit 明显的,外在清楚的
implode [] v,内爆(to collapse inward as if from external pressure)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 倒塌·内爆=分开·切开(因果关系)
(反)implosion ◆ rapid outward movement 内爆 ◆ 快速向外运动
implore [ ] vt.恳求,哀求(to appeal to in supplication; beseech)
(记)参考:deplore指责,谴责(尤其重要的义项);痛惜,遗憾
imposing [] adj,使难忘的;壮丽的(impressive in size,dignity,or grandeur)
(反)imposing ◆ modest壮丽的 ◆ 适度的
(记)源于impose(强加)
(同)baronial,grandiose,magnificent,majestic
importune [ ] adj,强求的,胡搅蛮缠的(to beg persistently or troublesomely)
(类)accost·approach =importune·request 大胆靠近·接近=不断要求强求·要求
(前者是后者的特殊方式)干扰:(bequest·give)(glorify·praise)
importune·request=pry·inquiry 强求·要求=刺探·调查(特殊方式)
impostor [] n,冒名顶替者(one that assumes false identity for deception)
(类)impostor·identity=usurper·authorization
冒名顶替者·身份=篡位者·权利(前者不正当得到后者)
impotent [] a,无力的,虚弱的,无效的(lacking in power,strength)
(反)clout ◆ impotence权力 ◆ 无力虚弱
(同)weak,emasculate,forceless,ineffective,spineless
imprecise [] adj,不严密的,不精确的
(反)nice ◆ imprecise 精密的 ◆ 不严密的
impresario [] n.(剧院、乐团等的)经理人
(类)impresario·entertainment=broker·trade 经理人投资娱乐业=经纪人协商交易
impromptu adj,即席的,即兴的(composed without previous preparation;extemporaneous)
(类)ad-lib·impromptu=aside·divergent 即兴地·即席的=在旁边·分岔的(副词形容词同义)
impromptu·performance=unheralded·announcement
即席演出·表演=没有预先通知的·公告(反义)
impromptu·rehearsal=honesty· duplicity=caprice·deliberate
即兴演出·排演=诚实·狡猾=反复无常·深思熟虑的(反义)
(反)impromptu ◆ carefully rehearsed 即席演出 ◆ 仔细排练
(记)im+prompt(即时的)+u不即时的-即席的
improvise [] v,即兴而作(to compose,recite,play,or sing extemporaneously)
(类)score·improvise =text·extemporize 乐谱·即席而作=演讲稿·即席演讲
(反)rite ◆ improvised act 惯例 ◆ 即兴表演
(同)extemporary,improvised,offhand,sunrehearsed
imprudent [] adj,轻率的,鲁莽的(not prudent:lacking discretion)
(反)imprudent ◆ judicious 轻率的 ◆ 审慎的
【注】judicious,having or exhibiting sound judgment;prudent,有判断力的;审慎的
impudent [] adj,放肆无礼的,厚颜无耻的(marked by contemptuous or boldness)
(类)impudence·brazen=deadpan·impassive 厚颜无耻·厚颜无耻=无表情·冷漠的(同义)
(反)impudent ◆ deferential/ respectful/ obeisant/ reverence/ deference
放肆无礼的 ◆ 恭敬的 /恭敬有礼貌的/ 恭敬的/ 尊重
(记)注意和imprudent(轻率的)区别
(同)unwise,impolitic,indiscreet,injudicious
impugn [] v,指责,对…表示怀疑(to assail by words or arguments)
(反)impugn ◆ champion/ endorse/ extol/ vindicate/ uphold
指责 ◆ 支持/ 同意/ 赞美/ 辩护/ 赞同
(记)im+pugn(打斗)
(同)contradict,contravene,gainsay,negative,traverse
impuissance [] n,无权;无力;虚弱
(反)clout ◆ impuissance 权势 ◆ 无权
(记)im(没有)+puissance(权力)→无权;puissance 谐音:溥仪三思;联想:当年溥仪皇帝没有任何权力,他再三思考的当然是权力。
inadvertent [] adj,不注意的,疏忽的(not focusing the mind on a matter)
(反)advertent ◆ inattentive 留意的 ◆ 疏忽的
inadvertent ◆ intentional 疏忽的 ◆ 留意的
inadvertence ◆ careful attention 疏忽 ◆ 仔细注意
(同)careless,heedless,irreflective,thoughtless,unheeding
inalienable [] adj,不能让与的,不能交出的(incapable of being alienated,surrendered,or
transferred)
(类)inalienable·surrendered=implacable·propitiated 不能交出的·交出的=难平息的·平息的
(记)alienate 除疏远的基本义项外,还有交出,让与的意思(to convey or transfer (as property or a
right) usually by a specific act rather than the due course of law)这里所取的就是交出的意思。
(例)inalienable rights 不能交出的权利
inane [] adj,空洞的(lacking significance,meaning,or point)
(反)expressive 有表现力的 meaningful有意义的 pregnant富有意义的
significant有意义的 weighty有内容的 substantiated实体化的
(记)in+an+e 在一个e时代里,人们普遍感到空虚
(同)flat,innocuous,jejune,sapless,vapid
inanimate [] adj,无生命的(not animated or lively)
(类)inanimate·living = ephemeral·enduring 无生命的·活的=短暂的·持久的(反义)
(记)in(无)+animate(生机勃勃的)无生命的
(同)dead,deceased,exanimate,extinct,lifeless
inaugurate [] v,举行就职典礼(to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies)
(类)inauguration·official=matriculation·student 就职·公务员=入学·学生
inaugurate·president=install·official=crown·king
举行就职典礼·总统=使就职·公务员=加冕·国王(行为及其对象)
(反)cease ◆ inaugurate/ commencement 终止 ◆ 开创/ 开始
(记)in(进入)+augur(预言)+ate(吃)中国的就职典礼免不了吃
(同)begin,commence,start,initiate
incandescent [] adj,白炽的(strikingly bright,radiant,or clear)
(反)incandescent ◆ dull 白炽的 ◆ 阴暗的
(记)in+cand(白热)+escent(开始)
(同) bright,brilliant,effulgent luminous,radiant,refulgent
incantation n,咒语
(类)incantation·utterance=talisman·object 咒语·话=护身符·东西(种属)
incarnate [] vt,体现,使具体化,使成化身adj.人体的(invested with bodily and especially
human nature and form)
(反)incarnate ◆ incorporeal 人体的 ◆ 灵魂的
(记)in+carn(肉体的)+ate
(同)embody,externalize,materialize,objectify,substantiate
incendiary [] adj,放火的;煽动的,教唆的(involving a deliberate burning of property)
(类)incendiary·agitate=insurgent·rebel 煽动的·煽动=叛乱的·叛乱 (形容词和名词同义)
(记)in+cend(=cand放火)+iary原意是放火的,引申为煽风点火
incense [] v,用香焚;激怒(to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of)
(反)propitiate ◆ incense 劝解 ◆ 激怒
(同)anger,enrage,infuriate,mad,umbrage
inception [] n.开端,开始,取得学位(an instance of beginning;commencement)
(类)inception·termination=matriculation·graduation 开始·终止=入学·毕业(反义)
(记)in+cept(词根·拿)+ion同根词·accept,concept
(同)origin,source,root
incessant [] adj,不断的,不绝的,无尽的(continuing without interruption)
(反)incessant ◆ interrupted 不断的 ◆ 中断的
(记)in+cess(停止)ant 不停的,不断的
(同)continual,constant,perpetual,perennial
inch [] v,慢慢前进,慢慢移动(to move by small degrees,progress slowly)
(类)inch·advance=accrete·grow 慢慢前进·前进=增长·生长(种属)
inch·move=drawl·speak 慢慢移动·移动=懒洋洋地说·说(程度) 缓慢
(记)一寸一寸的移动引申为慢慢前进
inchoate [] a.刚开始的,未完全发展的(being only partly in existence or operation)
(类)inchoate/incipient·realized=immature· developed
未形成的/初始的·形成的=未完全发展的·完全发展的(反义)
(反)inchoate ◆ explicit/ completely formed/ enduring/ fully formed/ fully realized
不完全的 ◆ 明确的/ 完全发展的/ 完全发展的/ 完全发展的/ 完全发展的
(记)in+cho(col)ate巧克力从凉的地方取出来-未完全(融化)的
incidence n.发生;影响范围,发生率
(例)a high incidence of malaria in the tropics,热带地区疟疾的高发率
did not expect criticism and was surprised by its incidence,受到未预料的批评而感到吃惊
incinerate [] vi,烧成灰烬(to cause to burn to ashes)
(类)singe·incinerate=erode·destruction 烧的微焦·烧成灰烬=腐蚀·毁灭 (程度)
(记)in+ciner(灰)+ate
incipient [] adj,开始的(beginning to come into being or to become apparent)
(类)incipient/ inchoate·realized=immature·developed
开始的·完成的=不成熟的·成熟的(反义)
incipient·realized=tangible·indefinite=hypothetical·proven(争议:moribund·dead)
开始的·完成的=切实的·不确定的=假说的·被证明的(反义)
(反)incipient ◆ full-blown/ full realized/ plentiful 开始的 ◆ 成熟的/完全实现的/丰富的
(记)in+cip(零)ient刚是零的-开始的
(同) initial,inceptive,introductory,nascent
incisive [] adj,深刻的,尖锐的,一针见血的
(记)来自incise v,切,切割;incision切口
incite [] v 煽动,刺激(to move to action:stir up:spur on:urge on)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者·煽动=侍强凌弱的人·恫吓(特征行为)
persiflage·incite=exhortation·motivate 恶意抨击·刺激=劝告·促进(动作及表现)
(反)incite ◆ pacify 煽动 ◆ 抚慰
incitant ◆ insensible 兴奋的 ◆ 无知觉的
(记)in+ cite(词根·)注意和excite(兴奋的)区别
(同)instigate,abet,foment
inclement [] a.(天气)严酷的,严厉的(lacking mildness)
(类)draconian·inclemency=fret·vexation 严峻的·严酷=(使)烦恼·烦恼(同义)
inclemency·evade 险恶,严酷·逃避(因果关系)
inclement ◆ balmy/ mild 险恶严酷的 ◆ 温和的
(同)severe,bitter,harsh,intemperate,rigorous
incogitant [] adj,考虑不周的(thoughtless; inconsiderate)
(类)incogitant·thoughtful=restive·calm 考虑不周的·深思的=不安的·安静的(反义)
incogitant·thoughtfulness=restive·calmnes 考虑不周的·深思=不安的·安静(反面特征)
(同)rash,brash,inconsiderate,reckless,thoughtless
(记)来自cogitate深思,慎重考虑
incongruent [] adj,不协调的,不合适(not superposable to be coincident throughout)
(类)incongruent·conform=recalcitrant·obey=scatter·overlap
不协调的·顺从=反对的·顺从=分散的·重叠(反义)
(记)in+congruent(适合的;数学:全等的)
(同)inconsonant,discrepant,incompatible,incongruous,inconsistent
inconsequential [] adj,不合逻辑的,不合理的;不重要(of no significance)
(类)inconsequential·illogical=apocalyptic·prophetic
不合逻辑的·不合逻辑的=天启的·预言的(同义)
(反)crucial ◆ inconsequential 重要的 ◆ 不重要的
(记)in+consequential(因果的,重要的)
(同)inconsequent,inconsiderable,paltry,trifling,trivial
incontrovertible [] adj,无可争议的(not open to question)
(类)incontrovertible·dispute=untenable·defend
无可争议的·争议=无法抵抗的·防卫(反面特征)
incontrovertible·disputed=matchless·equaled
无可争议的·争议的=无法比拟的·相等的(反义)
(反)controvert ◆ substantiate 争论 ◆ 证实
(记)in+controvertible(可辩论的)
(同)certain,incontestable,indisputable,indubitable
incorporate v,包含,吸收(to blend or combine thoroughly) 体现(embody)
incorrigible [] adj,无药可救的,固执的(incapable of being corrected or amended)
(类)incorrigible·amend=irradicable·remove 固执的·改正=不能根除的·移动(难以)
incorrigible·reform=inscrutable·understood 固执的·革新=难以了解的·理解(难以)
(反)incorrigible ◆ tractable 固执的 ◆ 温顺的
incorrigibility ◆ tractability 固执 ◆ 温顺
(记)in(不)+corrig(= correct改正)+ible→不能改正的→固执的
incriminate [] vt,归罪,使负罪,控告(to proof of involvement in a crime or fault)
(反)incrimination ◆ exoneration 使负罪 ◆ 免罪
(记)in(加强)+criminate(使负罪)
(同)accuse,charge,criminate,impeach,inculpate
incubator [] n,孵化器
(类)incubator·infant =greenhouse·plant 孵化器培育婴儿=温室培养植物
(记)cub幼兽,不动规矩的年轻人 联想:把幼兽放进去→孵化
inculcate [ ] v,反复灌输,谆谆教诲
inculpate [] vt,使…有罪(to incriminate)
(反)exonerate免罪/ absolve赦免/ exculpate使无罪
(同)accuse,arraign,criminate,impeach,incriminate
incumbent adj,职责所在的,富有…义务的(imposed as a duty:obligatory)
incursion [] n.侵犯,入侵 (a hostile entrance into a territory)
(反)incursion ◆ retreat 入侵 ◆ 撤退
(记)in+curs(词根·跑)跑进来→入侵
indebted [] adj,有义务的,感激的
indelible [] adj,擦试不掉的,不可磨灭的(ineradicable,inerasable,inextrpable)
(类)indelible·forget=astounding·expect 不可磨灭的·忘记=令人吃惊的·预期(反义)
indelibility·erasure=impermeability·passage 不能消除·擦除=不渗透性·透过
(反)indelible ◆ erasable 去不掉的 ◆ 可抹去的
indelibility ◆ eras ability 擦试不掉 ◆ 擦掉
(记)in(不)+delible(删除)
indemnity [] n,赔偿,补偿;保护(security against hurt,loss,or damage)
(类)mollification·soothe=indemnity·secure 减轻·缓和=保护·使安全(动作及其目的)
(记)in+demn(词根:损坏)+ity
(同)amends,compensation,recompense,redress,restitution
indicate [] vt,指出,显示,象征
indicative [] adj,象征的,显示的
(例)Is a high forehead indicative of great mental power? 前额高表示智慧高吗?
indict [] vt,起诉,控告,指控(to accuse of wrongdoing; charge)
(类)indict·accused 起诉·被起诉的(反面特征)
(反)absolve ◆ indict 赦免 ◆ 控告
(记)in+dict(词根:说)参考,dictator独裁者
(同)accuse,charge,impeach,incriminate,inculpate
list 18 indifferent -------inveigle
indifferent [] adj,漠不关心的(marked by a lack of interest)
(类)shrug·indifference=embrace·affection 耸肩·漠不关心=拥抱·爱(动作体现情感)
(反)indifferent ◆ avid/ fervor/ enraptured 漠不关心的 ◆ 热心的/ 热情的/ 狂喜的
zealot ◆ indifference 狂热 ◆ 不关心
(记)in(不)+different(不同) 与平时无两样的-漠不关心的
(同)arraign,charge,impeach,incriminate,inculpate
(例)was indifferent to suffering and poverty
indigenous [] adj.土产的,本地的;先天的,天生的(innate;inborn)
(反)indigenous ◆ exotic/ foreign/ nonnative 本地的 ◆ 异国的,外来的
indigenous ◆ acquired 先天的 ◆ 后来获取的 
(记)注意和indigent(贫穷的) 区别
(同)innate,connatural,inherited,native,natural
indigent [] adj,贫穷的(suffering from indigence)
(类)indigent·wealth=redundant·indispensability 贫穷的·富裕=多余的·不可缺少
(反)indigent ◆ affluent/ wealth 贫穷的 ◆ 富裕的
(同)poor,destitute,impecunious,impoverished,necessitous,penurious
indispensability n,不可缺少(absolutely necessary)
(类)indigent·wealth=redundant·indispensability 贫乏的·富裕=多余的·不可缺少
(反)indispensable ◆ trivial 不可缺少的 ◆ 微不足道的
(记)in(不)+dispensability(不必要)→并非不必要→不可缺少
indisposed [] adj.身体不舒服的(mildly ill)不愿的,不喜欢的(averse; disinclined)
(例)He was clearly indisposed to grant their request,他明显不想答应他们的要求
(记)disposed adj 愿意的;甘愿的;dispose布置,处理
indoctrinate [] v,灌输思想(to instruct especially in fundamentals)
(类)stickler·exacting=pedagogue·indoctrinate 吹毛求疵者·苛求的=教育者·灌输
(记)in+doctrine(教条)+ate用教条去灌输
indolent [] adj,懒惰的(averse to activity)
(类)indolent·shirk=miserly·hoard 懒惰的·逃避=吝啬的·密藏 (正面特征)
rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse{ impeccable·flaw=indolent·stir}
正直·违法=锋利·钝的{无瑕的·缺点=懒惰·激动}{事物及其反义}
(同)lazy,faineant,slothful,slowgoing
inducement [] n.诱导,引诱(the act or process of inducing)
(反)inducement ◆ deterrent 引诱 ◆ 制止
(记)induce 诱导,引起
indulgent [] adj,纵容的(lenient:);自我放纵的
(类)abstemious·indulge=【austere·decorate】(干扰:简朴的·修饰)
参考:timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity(干扰:austere·decorate)
indulge·ascetic=restrain·libertine 自我放纵·苦行的=抑制·放荡的
glutton·overindulgence=ascetic·self denial 暴食者·放纵=禁欲者·自我约束
(反)indulgent ◆ ascetic 放纵的 ◆ 苦行的
martinet ◆ indulgent person 严守纪律者 ◆ 放纵的人
draconian ◆ indulgent / mild 苛刻的 ◆ 纵容的/ 温和的
【注】放纵有两层意思:自我放纵和放纵别人。Indulgent包含这两层意思。
(同)forbearing,charitable,clement,lenient,merciful
indurate [] vt,使坚固(to make hard ;concrete,solidify)
(反)indurate ◆ soften 使坚固 ◆ 使软化
(记)参考:endure坚持duration持续时间
industriousness [ ] adj,勤勉的,刻苦的(constantly,regularly,or habitually occupied)
(类)industriousness·activity=fastidiousness·selectivity 勤勉的·活动=严格·选择
ineffable [] adj.不能说的,不应说出的(incapable of being expressed in words)
(类)ineffable·description=irradicable·obliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除
(记)in(不)+effable(可以说的)参考:fable寓言
ineluctable [] adj.无法逃避的(not to be avoided,resisted)
(类)ineluctable·chance=serendipitous·effort
无法逃避的·偶然=善于挖宝(有发掘天赋的)·努力(事物及其反面特点)
ineluctable·avoid=irrevocable·repeal 不可避免的·避免=不可撤回的·撤回
impervious·penetrate=ineluctable·avoid =untenable·defend
密封的无法穿透=无法逃避的无法逃避=无法防卫的无法防卫
【注】untenable:being such that defense or maintenance is impossible
(同)incommunicable,indefinable
inept [] adj,不适当的;无能的,笨拙的(generally incompetent)
(类)inept ◆ judicious/ proficient/ masterful愚笨的 ◆ 明智的/ 精通的/ 技术精湛的
finesse ◆ ineptitude 灵巧 ◆ 愚笨
(记)in(不)+ept(熟练的) 参考:eptitude能力
(同)awkward,gauche,lumbering,maladroit
inert [] adj,惰性的,行动迟钝的(deficient in active properties)
(类)inertia·react=persistence·vacillate惯性·反应=坚持·犹豫 (反面特征)
ephemeral·endure=inert·react {ineffectual·proceed}
生命短暂的(事物)难以持久=惰性的(事物)难以反应
(反)inert ◆ active / dynamic 惰性的 ◆ 充满活力
inertia ◆ activity/ tendency to change motion 惯性 ◆ 活力/ 改变方向的趋势
reactant ◆ inert material 反应物 ◆ 惰性物质
(记)inertia(物理中的惯性)
(同)inactive,idle,passive,quiet
inevitable [] adj,不可避免的,必然的(incapable of being avoided or evaded)
(类)inevitable·chance=absolute·variability 必然的·偶然性=绝对的·可变性(反面)
impervious·penetrate=inetable·avoid =untenable·defend
密封的无法穿透=无法逃避的无法逃避=无法防卫的无法防卫
(记)in(不)+evitable(逃避)不可逃避的
(同) ineluctable,ineludible,inescapable,inevasible
inexorable [] adj,无情的,无法说服的(not to be persuaded by entreaty)
(类)inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 无法说服的·说服=无法征服的·征服
(反)inexorable ◆ relenting 无情的 ◆ 怜惜的
(记)ora(口,说)exorable可说服的 参考:oration演说
(同) adamant,obdurate,relentless,rigid,unyielding
infamy [] n,声名狼藉(evil reputation)
(反)infamy ◆ good repute 声名狼藉 ◆ 好名声
(记)in(不好)+fame(名声)→不好的名声→声名狼藉 参考:famous著名的
(同)disesteem,disrepute,ignominy,obloquy,odium
infatuate [] vt,使迷恋,使糊涂(to cause to be foolish)
(类)sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
周期性休息的·休假=讨人喜欢的·令人痴迷之物(后者的正面特征是前者)
(反)odium ◆ infatuation憎恨 ◆ 迷恋
(记)in(使)+fatu(糊涂)ate人常说爱情使一个人糊涂 参考:fatuous愚昧的,糊涂的
(同)besotted,dotty,enamored
inferior [ ] adj,低等的,下级的(lower);质次的,较差的
inferno [] n.火海,地狱般的场所(a place that resembles or suggests hell)
(类)fire·inferno=storm·hurricane 火·火海=暴风·飓风(程度)
(记)?infer(低下)→低下的地方→地狱 参考:inferior下等的,次级的
(同)hell,blazes,netherworld,perdition
infiltrate [] v,渗透;秘密潜入(to passsurreptitiously into enemy-held territory)
(类)infiltrate·enter=conspire·plan=insinuate·say=stalk·follow
秘密潜入·进入=阴谋·计划=含沙射影的说·说=暗中追踪·跟随(秘密·正常)
(记)filtr(滤器) 参考:filtrate渗透 filter 过滤,渗透;过滤器
infinite [] adj,无穷的(immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive)
(类)infinite·end =unique·precedent 无穷的没有结束=独一无二的没有前例
infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无穷的无法用尽=离散的无法重叠
infinity ◆ bounded space 无限 ◆ 有限空间
(记)in+fini(限制)→无限制的→无穷的 参考:infinity无限时空infinitesimal无穷小的
infirm [] adj,虚弱的(of poor or deteriorated vitality)
(反)hale ◆ infirm 强壮的 ◆ 柔弱的
(记)in(不)+firm(结实的,强壮的)→不强壮的→虚弱的
(同)weak,decrepit,feeble,flimsy,fragile
inflame [] v,使燃烧,激怒(某人)(to excite to uncontrollable action or feeling)
(反)inflame ◆ assuage/ subdue 激怒 ◆ 缓和/ 减弱?
(记)in(进入)+flame(燃烧)
(同)aggravate,provoke,rile,roil
infelicitous [] adj,不幸的;不适当的(not appropriate in application)
(反)infelicity ◆ appropriateness 不合适 ◆ 合适
happy ◆ infelicitous 幸福的 ◆ 不幸的
(记)in+felicitous(幸福的)
(同)wkward,graceless,inept,unfortunate
(例)made a very infelicitous remark
influx [] n,涌入(a coming in)
(反)exodus ◆ influx 大批的离去 ◆ 涌入
(同)inflow,influxion,inpour,inpouring,inrush
informed adj,见多识广的,消息灵通的(based on possession of information)
infuse [] vt,灌输,使…充满,鼓舞
(类)inspire·infuse=obliterate·remove 鼓舞·鼓舞=删除·除去(同义)
(反)infuse ◆ drain away/extract 注入 ◆ 排空/ 榨出,提取
(记)in+fuse(流)流进去→灌输
infuriate [] vt,激怒(to make furious; enrage)
(类)infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)
(干扰:scrounge·possession乞讨,搜寻·占有(目的关系))
(同)enrage,incense,umbrage
(记)in(使)+furi(=fury愤怒)→使愤怒→激怒
ingenuity [] n.机灵,独创性(inventive skill or imagination)
(反)lack of inventiveness
ingenious [] adj,聪明的,有独创性的(marked by originality,resourcefulness,and
cleverness in conception or execution)
(类)ingenious ◆ awkward 机灵的 ◆ 笨拙的
ingenious ◆ prosaic 有独创性的 ◆ 平凡的
(同)adroit,canny,cunning,dexterous
ingenuous [] adj.直率的,单纯的(showing innocent simplicity and candidness)
(类)ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
直率的·掩饰=粗俗的·打扮=礼貌的·怠慢(事物及其反面特征)
fabricate·ingenuous =discompose·placid 捏造·直率的=使不安·平息的(反面特征)
ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive 逢迎的·使喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗(目的)
pernicious·injure=disingenuous·mislead 有害的·伤害=虚伪的·欺骗(正面特征)
ingenue·sophistication=cynic·trustfulness阅历不深者·老练=悲愤嫉俗者·信赖(反特)
(反)ingenuous ◆ cunning/ sly/ hypocritical 直率的 ◆ 狡猾的/ 狡猾的/ 伪善的
disingenuousness ◆ guilelessness 无诚意 ◆ 坦诚
(记)ingenious和ingenuous 区别在中间的 i和 u 联想:i 聪明,you 单纯
(同)naturalL,artless,naive,unaffected,unsophisticated
ingest [] vt,摄取,咽下,吸收(to take in for or as if for digestion)
(反)ingest ◆ expel 摄取 ◆ 排出
ingrained [] adj,根深蒂固的(to work indelibly into the natural texture)
(反)ingrained ◆ easily to change/ extrinsic 根深蒂固的 ◆ 易于改变/外表的
(记)in+grain(木头的纹理)+ed入木三分-根深蒂固的
(同)congenital,constitutional,inbred,indwelling,innate
ingrate [] n,忘恩负义者(an ungrateful person)adj,不知恩的,忘恩的
(反)ingrate ◆ thankful person 忘恩负义者 ◆ 感恩的人
(记)in(不)+ grate感激→不感激的→忘恩负义 参考:grateful感激的,感谢的
ingratiating [] adj,讨人喜欢的(agreeable)逢迎的,讨人欢心的
(类)ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive 迷人的·赢得喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗(正面特征)
(记)in+grati(感激)+ate使(观众等)感激;联想:讨人喜欢的作品或演员让读者和观众感激。
(同)deferential,ingratiatory,insinuating
(例)Reading requires an effort…Print is not as ingratiating as television
阅读是要费劲的…印刷品终究不如电视那么讨人喜欢
inhale v,吸气(to breathe in;inspire)
(记)hale 呼吸 参考:exhale 呼气
inherent [] adj,固有的,内在的(belonging by nature or habit)
(反)extrinsic ◆ inherent 外在的 ◆ 内在的
(同)congenital,essential,inborn,ingrained,innate,intrinsic
inimical [] adj.敌意的(having the disposition of an enemy)
(反)inimical ◆ friendly/amiable/amicable/amenable 敌意的 ◆ 友好的/亲切的/友善的/服从的
(记)inimi(=enemy敌人)+cal →敌意的
(同)hostile,inimicable,unfriendly
inimitable [] adj,无法模仿的,独特的(not capable of being imitated)
(类)indubitable·question=inimitable·copy 不容置疑的·怀疑=无法模仿的·模仿
(反)inimitable ◆ commonplace/ordinary 独特的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)in(不能)+imitable(模仿的)
iniquity [] n,邪恶,不公正(gross injustice ;evil)
(反)iniquity ◆ rectitude/disinterestedness 不公正 ◆ 公正
initiate [] vt,开始,发动,传授(to cause or facilitate the beginning of)
(类)catalysis·initiate=supervisor·oversight 催化剂·发动=管理者·小心照顾
eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征)
(反)initiate ◆ follow up 开始 ◆ 跟随
inveterate ◆ uninitiated 熟练的 ◆ 无经验的
inkling [] n,略知,模糊概念(a slight knowledge or vague notion)
(类)inkling·indication=lapse·error 略知·知识=小错误·错误 (少与正常)
inkling·knowledge=modicum·quantity 略知·知识=小量·量 (少与正常)
innocuous [] adj.(行为,言论等)无害的(not likely to give offense)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous=venom·toxious
安慰剂·无害的=油膏·油质的=毒液·有毒的(正面特征)
(反)innocuous ◆ injurious/noxious 无害的 ◆ 有害的
(记)in(没有)+nocuous(有毒的)参考:noxious有害的
innovation [] n,改革,创新(the introduction of something new)
(类)contumaciou·authority=reactionary·innovation 顽固的反对权威=反动的反对革新
(同)change,mutation,novelty,permutation
inquisitive [] adj,过分好奇的(improperly curious about the affairs of others)
(类)inquisitive·curious=painful·agonizing
好奇的·过分好奇的=疼痛的·疼痛难忍的(程度)
insensate adj,1,无感觉的,无生气的(lacking sensation)2,无知觉的(unconscious)
3,缺乏感情的(lacking sensibility)4,缺乏理性的(lacking sense)5.愚蠢的
(记)由这个词可体会sense的派生词不同的用法。这些词词义互相重叠又有差异,
关键是要结合他们的考法来记,如下面的insensible,8个词义仅考到其中一个。
Insensible adj,无知觉的,麻木的(devoid of physical sensation or the power to react,as to pain
or cold;numb)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 使麻木是使无知觉的=磨光是使有光泽的(使动)
bribe·incorruptible=affect/rouse·insensible 贿赂·清廉的=影响 / 激起·麻木的(难以)
insensitive [] adj,不懂事的(lacking feeling or tact);麻木的(numb)
(类)obstinate·persevre=tactless/insensitive·offend
固执的·坚持=不老练的/不懂事的·冒犯(个性及其结果)
insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 不懂事的·粗人=调皮的·顽童(正面特征)
(反)insensitive ◆ tender 麻木的 ◆ 敏感的,过敏的(sensitive)

insentient adj,无感觉的或知觉的(devoid of sensation or consciousness)
(反)insentient ◆ perceiving 无知觉的 ◆ 有知觉的
insider n,内部人员 知情者,了解内幕的人
insight [] n,洞察力(the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;penetration)
(类)insight· discern=mettle· endure 洞察力·洞悉=毅力·忍耐 (正面特征)
【注】mettle,staying quality,stamina毅力,持久力(还有勇气的意思)
insight· discerning=deadpan·impassive 洞察力·洞悉=无表情·消极(正面特征)
insinuate vt,暗示,使潜入
(例)insinuate oneself into the crowd 逐渐地挤进人群
(记)sinu弯曲→曲折进入→潜入 参考:sinuous adj,蜿蜒的,错综复杂的
insipid [] adj,平淡的(lacking in qualities that interest,stimulate);难吃的
(类)insipid·invention=prosaic·imagination 平淡的·创造=平淡的·想象力(缺乏关系)
(反)insipid ◆ piquant 难吃的 ◆ 开胃的
(记)in+sip(吸吮)+id →没法吸(吃)的→平淡,难吃的
(同)vapid,flat,jejune,banal,inane,arid,tedious,uninteresting
(例)an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
insolent [] adj,粗野的,无礼的(exhibiting boldness or effrontery)
(反)insolent ◆ polite/courteous 无礼的 ◆ 有礼貌的
insolent ◆ respectful 粗野的 ◆ 恭敬的,有礼貌的
(例)an insolent child with no respect or regard for anyone
insouciant [] adj,无忧无虑的(lighthearted unconcern)
(类)tenacious·yield=insouciant·worry 不屈不挠的·屈服=无忧无虑的·担忧
(同)carefree,lighthearted,lightsome
(记)in+souci(= solicit恳求)+ant→万事不求人→无忧无虑的
inspired a.吸入的;得到灵感的,有灵感的;被人授意的,被鼓动的
(例)inspired poem有感而作的诗;inspired views体现别人意志的意见
instate [] vt,任命(to set or establish in a rank or office)
(反)instate ◆ oust 任命 ◆ 剥夺
(记)in(进入)+state(政府)进入政府任职→任命
(同)inaugurate,induct,install,invest
instigate [] vt,教唆,怂恿,煽动(to goad or urge forward)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者· 煽动=欺凌弱小者·欺凌(人物及其动作)
(反)quell ◆ foment/ instigate/ rouse 镇压 ◆ 煽动/ 教唆 /煽动
(同)abet,foment,provoke
instill [] v,滴注,慢慢地灌输(to impart gradually)
(反)instill ◆ drain away 慢慢地灌输 ◆ 渐渐枯竭
instill ◆ remove 慢慢地灌输 ◆ 移开
(记)in(进入)+still=(drop 滴)→一滴一滴的进入 参考:distill 蒸馏
(同)inculcate,infix,inseminate
instinct [] n,本能,天性直觉(a natural aptitude,impulse,or capacity)
institute [] n,学院 vt,创立,开始,制定(to originate and get established)
(反)institute ◆ abrogate / rescind / efface 创立 ◆ 废除
(记)最著名的是MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
(同)constitute,create,establish,organize
instrumentalist [] n,乐器演奏家
(类)instrumentalist·orchestra=actor·troupe 乐器演奏家·管弦乐队=演员·剧团 
instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet 乐器演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞
(记)instrumenta+list
insubordinate [] adj.不服从的,反抗的(disobedient to authority)
(类)insubordinate·submissive=capricious·deliberate不顺从的·顺从的=易冲动的·深思熟虑的
【注】capricious:characterized by or subject to whim;impulsive and unpredictable
(反)tractable ◆ insubordinate/ intransigent/ incorrigible/ obstinate
易于管教的 ◆ 反抗的/ 不妥协的/ 顽固的/ 倔强的
(同)contumacious,insurgent,rebellious,seditious
(记)in(不)+subordinate(服从)不服从的→反抗的
insular [] adj,岛的,孤立的,岛特有的
(反)insular ◆ cosmopolitan 孤立的 ◆ 世界性的
insularity ◆ cosmopolitanism 岛国性质 ◆ 世界大同主义
(同)parochial,provincial,sectarian
insulate [] v,使绝缘,使隔离(to place in a detached situation)
(反)insulate ◆ expose 使隔离 ◆ 暴露
(记)insul(词根:岛)+ate 使成为岛,隔离
(同)isolate,island,separate,sequester
insurgent [] adj,叛乱的,起事的n,叛乱分子
(类)rebelliousness·insurgent=parsimony·miser 叛乱的·叛乱分子=吝啬·吝啬鬼(正面)
(记)in(加强)+surge(=rise升起)→叛乱 参考:insurrection n,造反;surgent 汹涌的
intangible [] adj,难以明了的,无形的(incapable of being perceived by the senses)
(类)impracticable·effected=intangible·known不可行的·有效的=难以明了的·知道的 (反义)
(反)corporeal ◆ intangible 有形的 ◆ 无形的
(记)in(不能)+tangible(触摸的)不可触摸的引申为无形的,难以明了的
(同)impalpable,imponderable,inappreciable,indiscernible,invisible
integral [] adj,完整的,应有的(essential to completeness)
(反)integral ◆ superfluous /redundant 完整的 ◆ 多余的
(记)动词形式是integrate数学上这是积分的意思;参考:integrating 结合的,完整的,整合的
(同)whole,complete,entire,full,perfect
integrity [] n,正直,诚实,完整(the quality or state of being complete or undivided)
(类)entire·integrity =ecumenical·generality=genuine·authenticity
完整的·完整=一般的·一般性=真实的·真实性(形名同义)
(反)taint ◆ integrity / wholesomeness 污点 ◆ 正直/健康
integrity ◆ incompleteness 完整 ◆ 不完全
(记)和integrate(使成为整体)
(同)honesty,honestness,honor,incorruption
intellectual [] adj,知识的,智力的,理智的(rational)n,知识分子
intelligible [] adj,可理解的,易理解的(capable of being understood)
(类)garble·unintelligible=correct·accurate 正确·精确=混淆·难解的(正面特征)
(记)注意和intelligent(聪明的)区别
(同)apprehensible,comprehendible,graspable,lucid,luminous
intemperate [] adj,无节制的,放纵的(not temperate especially)
(反)intemperate ◆ equable/ constrained 放纵的 ◆ 平静的/ 受约束的
(记)in(无)+temperate(有节制的)
(同)excessive,inordinate,unrestrained,untempered
intensify [] vi,加强(to make intense or more intensive)
(类)abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽度(减轻关系)
alleviate·intensity=abate·tax 减轻·强度=降低·税 (动宾)
moderate·intensity=extenuate·seriousness 缓和·强度=减轻·严重性(动宾)
(反)intensify ◆ abate/ assuage/ attenuate 加强 ◆ 减轻/ 减缓/ 削弱
(同)aggravate,enhance,intensate,magnify,rise
inter [] vt,埋葬(to deposit(a dead body)in the earth or in a tomb)
(类)inter·burial=obliterate·removal 埋葬·葬礼=擦去·移动(事件及其关联动作)
(记)意大利绿荫豪门国际米兰
intercede [] vi,仲裁,调解(to intervene between parties to reconciling differences)
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret/ augur·prediction
仲裁者·调解=翻译·解释/ 占卜者·预言(人物及其本征动作)
(记)inter(中间)+cede(放弃)在中间让双方放弃各自立场,调解intercessor调解人
(同)interfere,intermediate,intervene,mediate
interdict [] v,阻断,禁止(to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner)
(反)interdict ◆ authorize 禁止 ◆ 批准
(记)inter(在中间)+dict(说)
interim [] n,中间时期,过渡时期,暂定(an intervening time)adj,暂时的
(类)respite·labor=interim·concert {mediate·confliction} 间歇·劳动=中间间隔·音乐会
(反)interim ◆ permanent 暂时的 ◆ 永恒
(同)forbid,enjoin,inhibit,prohibit
interlock [] adj,联锁的(to become locked together or interconnected)
(反)interlocking ◆ independent 联锁的 ◆ 独立
(记)inter+lock(锁)?
interminable [] adj,无尽头的(having or seeming to have no end)
(类)innumerable·number=interminable·duration
无尽的·数目·无限的·持续时间 (形容词修饰名词)
interminable·lengthy =boundless·extensive 无限的·冗长的=无限的·宽广的(程度)
countless/ innumerable/ myriad/ untold·number=everlasting/ interminable·duration
无尽的/ 无数的/ 无数的/ 无法说出的·数量=永恒/ 无尽的·持续时间 (事物的反面特征)
(记)in(无)+terminable(可终止的)不可终止的-无尽头的
intermittent [] adj,断断续续的,间歇的(coming and going at intervals)
(反)intermittent ◆ constant 间歇的 ◆ 持续的
(记)和interminable(无尽的)一起记忆
(同)isochronal,periodic,recurrent
(例)they predict intermittent rain throughout the day
interregnum [] n,过渡期政府或统治(a period during which the normal functions of
government or control are suspended)
(类)interregnum·government=hibernation·activity过渡期政府没有政府=冬眠停止活动
(记)inter+reg(统治)在统治之间,过度政府。参考:reign统治
interrogate [] vt,质问,讯问,审问(to question formally and systematically)
(类)question·interrogative=order·imperative 提问·质问=命令·强制的命令(程度)
(记)inter(在内部)+rog(问)+ate在内部问-审讯,质问
intimate [] adj,亲密的 n,密友(a friend or confidant)
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep 朋党集团·密友=一群·羊(组成关系)
intimate·close= engrossed·absorbed =obsessed·attracted
亲密的:紧密的=全神贯注的:入神的=着迷的:吸引的(程度)
(同)friend,acquaintance,confidant,familiar
intimate 2 [] vt,宣布,明白表示(to make known especially publicly or formally)
(类)intimate·communicate=allude·refer 宣布·通信=暗指·提及(行为及其特殊方式)
(同)connote,hint,imply,insinuate
intimidate [] vt,威胁,胁迫(to make timid or fearful)
(类)dauntless·intimidate=irrepressible·restrain 无畏的难以胁迫=无法抑制的难以抑制
bully·intimidate=stupid·gullibility 欺凌弱小者威吓别人=笨人轻信别人
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏目的是颠覆=暴力强迫目的是胁迫
cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱者容易被胁迫=易怒者容易招致敌对
(同)browbeat,bully,cow,hector,terrorize
(例)intimidated by so many other bright freshmen 被这么多聪明的年轻人所威胁
(记)timid 本身是一个词;胆小的,羞怯的
intoxicant [ ] v,使醉的东西(an agent that intoxicates,especially an alcoholic beverage)
(类)anesthetic·numbness=intoxicant·drunkenness麻醉剂让人麻木=使醉的东西让人醉
(记)tox毒;喝醉是酒精中毒的表现。参考:intoxicate使喝醉,使陶醉
intransigent [] adj.不妥协的,固执的(refusing to compromise or to abandon an
extreme position or attitude;irreconcilable)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend 不妥协的不会勉强同意=恭敬的不会冒犯
(反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise 固执的 ◆ 妥协的
intransigent ◆ pliant/tractable 固执的 ◆ 柔顺的/容易驾驭的
(同)obstinate,incompliant,intractable,pertinacious,tough,stubborn,willful,unpliable,unyielding
intrepid [] adj,无畏的,刚毅的(characterized by resolute fearlessness,fortitude,and
endurance)
(类)genteel·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 优雅的·粗俗=无畏的·害怕 (反义)
intrepid·deter=rapt·distract 无畏难以威慑=全神贯注难以分心
(反)intrepid ◆ apprehensive 无畏的 ◆ 忧惧的
(记)trep (害怕)参考:trepidation 害怕,颤抖
intrigue [] vt,激起…的兴趣,用诡计取得 (to arouse the interest,desire,or curiosity of)
(类)interesting·intriguing=bootless·futile 有趣的·有趣的=无用的·无用的(同义)
(反)pall ◆ interest/intrigue 厌倦 ◆ 兴趣
(记)trigue=trigger (扳机,引起)引申为“引起兴趣”。
intrinsic [] adj,固有的,内在的(the essential nature or constitution of a thing)
(反)intrinsic ◆ extraneous 内在的 ◆ 无关的
intuitive [] n,直觉的(known or perceived by intuition · directly apprehended)
(反)extraneous ◆ intuitive 外来的 ◆ 直觉的
【注:直觉的认知由自身得来,而外来的认知由外部得来 extraneous:inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand;existing on or coming from the outside】
(例) had an intuitive awareness of his sister's feelings
inundate [] v,淹没(to cover with a flood:overflow;overwhelm)
(反)inundate ◆ drain 淹没 ◆ 排干
(同)deluge,engulf,overflow,overwhelm,submerge,swamp,whelm
(记)unda(=wave波浪)→在波浪之中→淹没 参考:undulate v,波动,起伏
inure [] vt,使习惯(to accustom to accept something undesirable)
(类)inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency
习惯的·耐性=上瘾的·依赖性(前者有后者特征)
(同)accustom,familiarize,habituate,wont
invective [] n,谩骂(insulting or abusive language)adj,谩骂的
(类)exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit 劝告·促进=谩骂·使丢脸(目的)
polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 争论的·争论的=谩骂的·谩骂的(同义)
(反)invective ◆ flatter 谩骂 ◆ 奉承
invective ◆ laudatory speech/ laudatory words 谩骂 ◆ 赞美之词
(同)abusive,contumelious,opprobrious,scurrile
inveigh [] vi,痛骂,漫骂,臭骂(to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently:rail)
(反)inveigh ◆ verbally provide support 漫骂 ◆ 口头支持
(同)inveigh against =object,except,expostulate,kick,protest,remonstrate
inveigle [] v,诱骗,诱使 (to win over by wiles:entice;to acquire by ingenuity or flattery)
(类)plot·plan=inveigle·interest 密谋·谋划=诱骗·使感兴趣(不正当·正常)
(反)inveigle ◆ request directly 诱骗 ◆ 直接要求
inveigle ◆ openly seek to persuade 诱骗 ◆ 公开劝说
(同)lure,allure,bait,decoy,entice,entrap,lead on,seduce,tempt,toll
list 19 inventory-------lethal
inventory [] n,存货清单(an itemized list of current assets)
(类)census·population=inventory·stock 人口普查·人口数=存货清单·库存
inventory·merchandise=manifest·cargo 存货清单·存货=运货单·货物
inveterate [] adj,根深的,成癖的,积习的(firmly established by long persistence)
(反)inveterate ◆ uninitiated 根深蒂固的 ◆ 无经验的
inveterate ◆ one-time 根深蒂固的 ◆ 一次,偶尔的(干扰:casual偶然的,不经意的)
(同)confirmed,entrenched,irradicable,settled,sworn
invidious [] adj,容易引起不满的,招人嫉妒的(tending to cause discontent,animosity,or
envy)
(反)invidious ◆ beneficial 容易引起不满的 ◆ 有益个人或社会的
【注:beneficial,conducive to personal or social well-being】
(同)calumnious,defamatory,detracting
(例)the invidious task of arbitration 这个容易引起不满的裁决
invigorate [] v,使有活力,激励 (to give life and energy to·animate; also:stimulate)
(类)tonic·invigorate=analgesic·deaden 补品·使健壮=止痛剂·使麻木(正面特征)
(反)debilitate ◆ invigorate 使衰弱 ◆ 使健壮
demoralize ◆ invigorate 士气受挫 ◆ 鼓舞
emaciate ◆ invigorate 使憔悴 ◆ 使生气勃勃
sap ◆ invigorate 使衰竭 ◆ 使生气勃勃
invincible [] adj,不能征服的,无敌的(incapable of being overcome or defeated;
unconquerable)
(类)invincible·conquer=negligible·perceive 不能征服的不易被征服=可以忽略的不易被察觉
invincible·subdue=impervious·damage 不能征服的·征服=不会受到损伤的·损坏
(同)impregnable,inconquerable,indomitable,invulnerable,unassailable,undefeatable
(例)the team proved to be invincible 这个团队被证明是无法战胜的
inviting adj,吸引人的
invoke [] vt,恳求,调用(程序等),实施(to put into effect or operation:implement)
(反)invoke ◆ suspend 实施 ◆ 暂停
irascible [] adj,易发怒的(marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger)
(类)irascible·placate=insensate·conscious 易怒的难以安抚=没感觉难以察觉
(反)affable ◆ irascible 和蔼的 ◆ 易怒的
(同)choleric,cranky,hot-tempered,ireful,passionate,peppery,temperish,testy,touchy
(例)an irascible fellow and hard to get along with
irate [] adj,发怒的,生气的(arising from anger)
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 喷涌·流出的=暴怒·愤怒的(形动同义)
(同) angry,choleric,ireful,mad,wrathful
(记)i(谐音“挨”)+rate(责骂)→挨责骂 联想:挨责骂时当然是发怒的 参考:berate责骂
iridescence [] n,彩虹色(a lustrous rainbowlike play of color)
(反)iridescent ◆ monochromatic 彩色 ◆ 单色
irk [] v.使苦恼,厌烦(to make weary,irritated,or bored)
(类)irk·enrage=suggest·urge 使苦恼·激怒=建议·力劝(目的)
pest·irksome=expert·proficient 让人讨厌的人/事·让人讨厌的=专家·精通的(正面特征)
(反)irk ◆ make someone pleased 使不愉快 ◆ 使愉快
(同)annoy,abrade,bother,exercise,fret,gall,provoke,ruffle,vex
(记)谐音:饿渴。联想:又饿又渴,使人烦恼。
ironclad [] adj,装铁甲的,无懈可击的(so firm or secure as to be unbreakable)
(类)ironclad·firm=jammed·full=brilliant·smart
装甲的·坚固=拥挤的·满的=才华横溢的·聪明的(程度)
(同)inflexible,constant,fixed,immovable,immutable,inalterable
(例)an ironclad case against the defendant 一项针对被告的无懈可击的诉讼
irradicable [] adj,不能根除的,根深蒂固的(impossible to eradicate:deep-rooted)
(类)ineffable·description=irradicable·obliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除(抬杠关系)
incorrigible·amend=irradicable·remove 无可救药的·改正=不能根除的·删除(抬杠关系)
(同)inveterate,confirmed,deep-rooted,deep-seated,entrenched,hard-shell,settled
irreducible [] adj,(数)不可约的
(反)factorable ◆ irreducible 可约的 ◆ 不可约的
irrigate [ 5iri^eit ] vt.灌溉;冲洗(伤口)(to wash out (a body wound) with water or a medicated fluid)
(类)stoke·fuel=irrigate·water 添加燃料· 燃料= 灌溉·水 (利用)
galvanize·stimulate=irrigate·flush 刺激·刺激=冲洗·冲洗(同义)
irritate [] n,刺激,烦恼,刺激物(to provoke impatience,anger,or displeasure in:annoy)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒·毒=温和物质·刺激物 (名词反义)
haunt·familiar=harass·irritating 常去的地方是熟悉的=烦扰是烦人的
(反)balm ◆ irritant 温和的 ◆ 刺激的
salve ◆ irritant 药膏 ◆ 刺激物
(同)aggravate,exasperate,gall,grate,inflame,nettle,peeve,pique,provoke,rile,roil
issue [] v,使流出;排出(to cause to flow out;emit)
(反)withdraw 收回,撤回(干扰:withhold抑制)
(同)give off,give out,release,throw off,vent
isthmus [] n.地峡 (a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas)
(类)isthmus·land=strait·water 地峡联结陆地=海峡联结水
itinerary [] n,旅行日记,旅行指南(a travel diary;a traveler's guidebook)
(类)itinerary·trip=syllabus·course 旅行日记·旅行=课程提纲·课程(安排关系)
(记)itiner(词根:旅行)参考:itinerant巡回的
jabber [] v,快而不清楚地说(to talk rapidly,indistinctly,or unintelligibly)
(反)jabber ◆ speak slowly 快而不清楚地说 ◆ 慢慢地说
(同)gibber,babble,chatter,gabble
jaded [] adj.疲惫的,过度的,厌倦的(fatigued by overwork:exhausted)
(类)overexposure·jaded=vaccination·immune
曝光过度·曝光过度的=疫苗接种·免疫的(前者造成后者)
(反)jaded ◆ keen 厌倦的 ◆ 热心的
(同)tired,fatigued,wearied,weary,worn
jape [] n,v,嘲弄(to make mocking fun of)
(反)revere ◆ jape at 尊敬 ◆ 嘲笑
(记)谐音:雅皮。联想:雅皮很爱嘲笑别人俗气。
jargon [] n,行话(specialized or technical language of a trade,profession,similar group)
(类)vernacular·place=jargon·profession 方言·地方=行话·行业
(记)谐音:扎根。联想:扎根基层是所有行业的行话。
jarring [] adj,刺耳的
(类)malodorous·smell=jarring·sound 恶臭的·气味=刺耳的·声音
(反)melodious ◆ jarring 音调优美的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)harsh,grating,hoarse,rasping,raucous,rough,strident
jaundice [] vt,使怀偏见(to affect with envy,jealousy,prejudice,or hostility)
(反)jaundice ◆ dispose favorably 使怀偏见 ◆ 好意的处理
jaundiced ◆ unprejudiced/candid 有偏见的 ◆ 公正的
【注:jaundiced,yellowed; prejudiced; envious 黄疸的;偏见的;嫉妒的】
(记)jaundice本意是黄疸。中国有红眼病,西方是黄眼病,所有引申为因嫉妒引发的偏见。
jaunt [ ] n,远足,短途旅游(to make a short journey)
(记)比较:haunt萦绕 taunt嘲弄daunt恐吓gaunt憔悴的
jaunty [] adj.愉快的,满足的(sprightly in manner or appearance:lively)
(反)staid ◆ jaunty 沉静的 ◆ 轻快的
(记)来自genteel adj,上流社会的 联想:上流社会的人生活比较满足
jejune [·n] adj,空洞的,不成熟的 (devoid of significance or interest:dull)
(类)labyrinthine·simplicity=jejune·interest 迷宫·简单的=内容空洞的·有趣的
(反)jejune ◆ thought provoking 内容空洞的 ◆ 促人思考的
(记)je 谐音:摘。June 六月。联想:六月摘的果子,当然是不成熟的。
jest [] n,v,说笑,玩笑(an utterance intended to be taken as mockery or humor)
(类)jeer·derision=reprimand·censure 嘲笑·嘲笑=.申斥·责难(同义)
(反)jest ◆ solemnity 玩笑 ◆ 严肃
jest ◆ solemn utterance 玩笑 ◆ 严肃的话
(同)joke,crack,drollery,jape,quip,waggery
jeopardy [] n,危险(exposure to or imminence of death,loss,or injury:danger)
(类)uninformative·fathom=jeopardy·overcome信息贫乏的难以彻底了解=危险难以克服
(记)谐音:窄坡地。联想:又窄又有坡的地方当然危险。
jettison [] vt,丢弃(to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering · discard)
(反)jettison ◆ retain 丢弃 ◆ 保留
(例)must be prepared to jettison many romantic notions 必须准备抛弃一些浪漫的想法。
jibe [] vi.一致(to be in accord:agree)嘲笑
(反)jibe ◆ conflict 一致 ◆ 冲突
(同)agree,accord,conform,correspond
jingoist [] n,沙文主义者
(类)nepotism·kinship=jingoist·nationality 偏袒亲戚·亲戚=沙文主义者·国家
(反)dove ◆ warmonger / jingoist 鸽派 ◆ 鹰派 / 沙文主义者
(记)jingo 谐音:靖国。联想:靖国神社是沙文主义的体现。
jitter [] vi,神经过敏,战战兢兢(to be nervous or act in a nervous way)
(反)jittery ◆ resolute 战战兢兢 ◆ 坚定的
jocular [ ] adj,诙谐的(given to jesting·habitually jolly or jocund; playful)
(反)jocular ◆ lachrymose/serious 诙谐的 ◆ 爱哭的/严肃的
(同)witty,facetious,humorous,jocose
jocund [] adj,快乐的,高兴的(suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness)
(反)jocund ◆ dour / dreary / morose / serious 欢乐的 ◆ 阴郁的 / 沉闷的 / 郁闷的 / 严肃的
(同)merry,blithe,blithesome,festive,gay,gleeful
jog [] n,慢跑(a movement,pace,or instance of jogging as for exercise)
(类)jog·exercise=barter·trade 慢跑·运动=以物易物·交易(种属)
(记)观察一下,词形象不象自行车。
jolt [] vi,颠簸而行,震摇(to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion:shock,startle)
(类)jolt·move=check·stop 颠簸·运动=突然中断·停止(动作程度)
jot [] vt,略记,摘要(to write briefly or hurriedly·set down in the form of a note)
(类)nip·eat=jot·write 小口吃·吃=略记·记下(前者是后者的小量)
(同)particle,bit,grain,iota,minim,modicum,speck,tittle,whit
jovial [] adj,快活(markedly good-humored esp,as evidenced by jollity and conviviality)
(反)jovial ◆ drab/ lachrymose/ lugubrious/ maudlin/ morose/ mournful/ saturnine
愉快的 ◆ 悲惨的/ 悲哀的/ 伤感的/ 郁闷的/ 哀伤的/ 忧郁的
joviality ◆ moroseness 快活 ◆ 郁闷
(同)merry,blithe,festive,gleeful,jocund,jolly,lighthearted,mirthful
jubilant [] adj,喜悦的,喜洋洋的(exultant)
(反)dolorous ◆ jubilant 悲哀的 ◆ 喜悦的
(同)exultant,exulting,triumphant
(记)谐音“卓别林”联想:喜剧大师卓别林给人带来欢乐。
judicious [] adj,明智的,慎重的(sound judgment·discreet)
(类)miser·stingy=sage·judicious 吝啬鬼·吝啬=贤人·明智的(正面特征)
(反)judicious ◆ daft/ unwise 明智的 ◆ 愚蠢的/无智的
judicious ◆ imprudent 慎重的 ◆ 轻率的
politic ◆ injudicious 慎重的 ◆ 不慎重的
judiciousness ◆ indiscretion 慎重 ◆ 不慎重
(同)wise,judgmatic,prudent,sage,sane,sapient,sensible
juggernaut [] n,势不可挡的力量(a massive inexorable force)
(类)juggernaut·unstoppable=enigma·impenetrable
势不可挡的力量是无法阻碍的=迷是难以理解的
juggernaut·stoppable=exacting·satisfied
不可挡的力量是难以可阻止的=苛求的是难以使满意的
siren·unresist=juggernaut·unstop 海妖的魅力无法抗拒=势不可挡的力量无法阻止
juggernaut·crush=charlatan·deceive=quisling·betray
势不可挡的力量·碾碎=江湖骗子·行骗=卖国贼·背叛(正面特征)
kangaroo [] n,袋鼠
(类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠 ·有袋类动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物 (种属)
ken [] n,视野范围(the range of vision)
(类)earshot·hear=ken·see 听力范围·听=视野范围·看
(记)谐音:看。
kidnap [] vt,诱拐,绑架,勒赎(to seize and detain by unlawful force or fraud or carry away
and often with a demand for ransom)
(类)kidnap:detainment=extortion:retribution 绑架是强行拘留=勒索是强求回报
(记)kid 小孩 nap 小睡,疏忽 联想:趁小孩小睡疏忽的时候将他绑架。
kindle [] vt,点燃 vi,着火(to stir up·arouse)
(反)extinguish ◆ kindle/ rekindle 熄灭 ◆ 点燃/重新点燃
(同)stir,arouse,awaken,bestir,challenge,rally,rouse,wake,waken,whet
(记)由candle (蜡烛)变化而来。
kindred [] adj,同族的,类似的(of a similar nature or character)
(反)kindred ◆ dissimilar 相似的 ◆ 不相似的
(记)kind本身就有种类的意思。
knack [] n,诀窍 (a clever trick or stratagem)
(反)knack ◆ foolish 诀窍 ◆ 愚蠢
(记)与knock一起记。联想:敲脑袋让人开窍。
knave [] n,流氓(a tricky deceitful fellow)
(类)sage·judgement=knave·deceive 贤哲·判断=流氓·行骗(正面特征)
(同)villian,miscreant,rascal
(记)记住这个词与扑克牌中的老K有关。联想:老K是个流氓无赖。
knead [] vt,揉捏(to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands)
(类)knead·malleable=penetrate·permeable 揉捏·可塑的=渗透·可渗透的
(记)谐音:泥的。联想:泥的当然可以揉捏了。
knit [] v,编织(to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles)
(类)knit·yarn=plait·hair 编织·纱线=编辫子·头发(用后者实现前者)
needle·knit=loom·weave 针·编织=织布机·纺织
(反)ravel ◆ knit 解开 ◆ 编织
knotty [] adj,多节的,棘手的(intricate; difficult; tangled)
(反)knotty ◆ easy/ simple 棘手的 ◆ 容易的/简单的
(同)complicated,elaborate,intricate,labyrinthine,sophisticated
kudos [] n,名望,荣誉,声誉(award,honor; compliment,praise)
(反)kudos ◆ disparage 荣誉 ◆ 贬损
(同)accolade,badge,decoration,distinction,laurels
(例)to all three should go some kind of special kudo for refusing to succumb
(记)谐音:ku 酷。联想:很酷的DOS(微软最早的操作系统)为微软赢得了荣誉。
labile [] adj,易变的,不稳定的(likely to change ;unstable)
(反)labile ◆ stable 不稳定的 ◆ 稳定的
(记)lab 实验室。联想:实验室里的元素性质是不稳定的。
labored [] adj,表达困难的(lacking ease of expression)
(反)glib ◆ labored 口齿伶俐的 ◆ 表达困难的
labyrinth [] n,迷宫,难解的事物,迷路(maze;something extremely complex or tortuous in
structure,arrangement,or character:intricacy,perplexity)
(类)labyrinthine·simplicity=jejune·interest 迷宫不简单=空洞的不有趣
ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 下流的·适宜的=迷宫似的·直接的 (反义)
labyrinth·tortuous=ornament·decorative 迷宫·曲折的=装饰物·装饰的(正面特征)
lacerate [] v.割裂;使感情严重受伤害;使悲伤(to cause deep emotional pain to;distress)
(反)mitigate减轻(痛苦等)(干扰:smooth使平静) 争议很大
lackluster [] n,无光泽,暗淡(lacking in sheen,brilliance,or vitality:dull,mediocre)
(反)lackluster ◆ radiant 无光泽 ◆ 发光的
(记)lack+luster缺乏光泽。
laconic [] adj.(用字)简洁的
(类)audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·胆怯=简洁的·冗长(反义)
laconic·speech=austere·design 简洁的· 演说=简朴的·设计(形修饰名)
(反)laconic ◆ garrulous/ loquacious/ voluble/ verbose 简洁的 ◆ 饶舌的/ 多话的/ 冗长的
laconism ◆ verbosity 简洁 ◆ 罗嗦
(同)concise,breviloquent,brief,compendiary
lachrymose [] adj,爱哭的,悲哀的(tearful; mournful)
(反)lacrimose ◆ gladness 悲哀的 ◆ 快乐的
(同)tearful,teary,weeping,weepy
lambaste [] vt,痛打(to assault violently),严责(to attack verbally:censure)
(反)lambaste ◆ extol 严责 ◆ 表扬
(同)baste,hammer,paste,pelt,thrash
(记)lam(鞭打;谐音:栏→拦住就打)+ baste(在烤肉上涂油;狠揍)→痛打,严责参考:baste=bake+toast/ roast 三烤合一
lament [] n/vt.vi,哀悼(mourn);悔恨,悲叹(to regret deeply; deplore)
(类)celebrate·lament=slight·show respect 庆祝·哀悼=轻视·尊敬(反义)
lamentable [] adj,忧郁的,不快的(expressing grief)
(类)lamentable·pity=responsible·censure 令人惋惜的令人可惜=应责斥的应该责斥(正面特征)
(同)melancholy,doleful,dolesome
laminate [ ] v,分割成薄片(to divide into thin layers)压成薄片
(类)laminate·divide 分割成薄片·分开(前者动作的正面特征是后者)
lampoon [·n] n.讽刺文章v.讽刺(a harsh satire usually directed against an individual)
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词·赞扬=讽刺文章·讽刺(正面特征)
satire·lampoon=diligence·effort 讽刺文表现为讽刺=努力表现为勤奋(正面特征)
(反)paean ◆ harshly lampoon 颂歌 ◆ 尖刻的讽刺
landfill [`] n,垃圾堆(a system of trash and garbage disposal)
(类)cistern·liquids=landfill·refuse 蓄水池储存液体=垃圾堆储存垃圾
languid [] adj,没精打采的,怠倦的(drooping from exhaustion:weak)
(类)desultory·plan=languid·energy 断断续续的缺乏计划=没精打采的缺乏精力
(反)languid ◆ energetic 懒散的 ◆ 有精力的
languid ◆ vehement/ vivacious 没精打采的 ◆ 激烈的/快活的
(例)doing the job in a slow and languid manner
(记)谐音:懒鬼。联想:懒鬼总是没精打采的。
languish [] v.衰弱,变得消瘦(to be or become feeble,weak,or enervated)
(反)languish ◆ thrive 萧条,衰败 ◆ 欣欣向荣
(同)fail,decline,deteriorate,fade,flag,weaken
languor [] n,衰弱无力(listless indolence or inertia)
(反)languor ◆ thriveness 衰弱 ◆ 兴旺
(同)lethargy,coma,dullness,lassitude,slumber,stupor,torpor
(记)谐音:懒哥。联想:懒哥衰弱无力。
lank [] adj,瘦弱的,稀疏的(not well filled out:slender,thin)
(反)lank ◆ stalwart 瘦弱的 ◆ 强壮的
(记)比较:lark百灵鸟 联想:百灵鸟又小又弱。参考:lanky adj,瘦长的
lapse [] n,过失,小错(a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention)
(类)lapse·error=misbehavior·criminality 小过错·错误=轻罪·犯罪(程度)
misdemeanor·crime=lapse·error 轻罪·罪行=小错·错误 (程度)
lapse 2 n,时光流逝(elapse)失效(expire)
(例)Years had lapsed since we last met,从我们上次相遇后,几年时间已经过去了
She allowed her membership to lapse after the first year,她听任会员资格一年后失效
larder [] n,食物贮藏室,食品橱(a place where food is stored:pantry)
(类)larder·food=wardrobe·clothes 食物柜储存食物=衣柜储存衣物
larder·provisions=vault·valuables 食物柜储存供应品=地窖储存贵重物品
larder·food··armory·munitions 食品橱:食物=军械库:军需品

largesse [] n.慷慨(generosity)
(反)largesse ◆ parsimony 慷慨 ◆ 小气
largesse ◆ penury 慷慨 ◆ 贫穷
lariat [] n.套索(a long light rope used with a running noose to catch livestock:lasso)
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马者=牧杖·牧羊者(职业及其工具)
lash [] v,捆扎,绑紧(to bind with or as if with a line);鞭子
(反)lash ◆ unbind 捆住 ◆ 解开
lassitude [d] n.疲乏无力,没精打采(a condition of weariness or debility:fatigue)
(类)arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢难以服从=疲乏难以激起
(反)lassitude ◆ verve/vim/animation 倦怠 ◆ 活力/活力/精力
lassitude ◆ vitality/ebullience 疲倦 ◆ 活力/热情
lassitude ◆ a feeling of vigor 疲倦 ◆ 活力
lassitude ◆ effervesce 疲乏 ◆ 兴奋
(记)注意观察词的开头L+ass(驴) 联想:懒驴总是没精打采。
latent [] adj,潜伏的,潜在的(present and capable of becoming though not now visible)
(类)latency·response=incubation·disease 潜伏过后发生反应=潜伏过后疾病发作
(反)latent ◆ menifest 潜在的 ◆ 明显的
(同)abeyant,dormant,lurking,potential,prepatent,quiescent
lathe [] n,车床
(类)lathe·shape=clasp·fasten 车床用来成型·扣子用来扣紧
latitude [d] n,行动或言论的自由(freedom from normal limitations,or regulations)
(反)latitude ◆ strict limitation 自由 ◆ 严格的限制
latitude ◆ constrained 自由 ◆ 被限制的
laudatory [] adj,赞美的,赞赏的(expressing praise)
(类)counsel·advice=laud·homage 劝告是表达建议=赞美是表达敬意
(反)execrable ◆ commendable/ laudable 极坏的 ◆ 值得赞扬的
pejorative ◆ laudatory 贬低的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)eulogistic,encomiastic,laudative,panegyrical,praiseful
lavish [] adj,浪费的,过度的(expended or produced in abundance)v.浪费
(反)lavish ◆ hoard/stint 浪费 ◆ 储藏/吝啬
impecunious ◆ lavish/prosperous 贫穷的 ◆ 过分丰富的/繁荣的
lavish ◆ austere/ economical/ mean/ parsimonious/ penurious
浪费的 ◆ 朴素的/ 节约的/ 吝啬的/ 吝啬的/ 吝啬的
(同)exuberant,lush,luxuriant,opulent,prodigal,profusive
leaven [] vt,使发酵,影响(to raise as bread with a leaven)
(类)distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏提高纯度=发酵扩张体积
leer [] vi,斜视,一瞥(to cast a sidelong glance)
(类)stare·leer=peruse·smatter 凝视·斜视=精读·涉猎(反义)
leery [] adj,可疑的,怀疑的;机警的(suspicious or distrustful;wary)
(反)leery ◆ showing no doubt 怀疑的 ◆ 毫不怀疑的
(记) 来自leer,怀疑的时候往往会斜着眼看
legacy [i] n.遗产(money or property bequeathed to another by will)
(类)legacy·predecessor=gift·donor 遗产来自先人=赠品来自捐赠者
legacy·predecessor=endowment·patron 遗产来自前辈=捐赠来自捐赠者
legend [] n,传奇,图例(an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart)
(类)glossary·text=legend·map 文本注释文字列表·文本=地图说明文字列表·地图
(反)legendary ◆ obscure 传奇的,杰出的 ◆ 无名的,不杰出的
(记)联想集团的英文名。
legion [] n,兵团;众多,大量(a very large number:multitude)
(反)legion ◆ lack in number 大量 ◆ 少量
(记)[来自]古罗马的一个兵团人数非常众多,有3000到6000人。
lenient [] adj,不苛刻的(inclined not to be strict)仁慈的,宽厚的(merciful)
(类)martinet·leniency=dabbler·dedication 严格者缺乏宽厚态度=涉猎者缺乏投入精神
(同)gentle,balmy,bland,mild
(记)谐音:列宁。联想:列宁是多么的宽厚。
lethal [] adj,致命的 (capable of causing death)
(类)disagreeable·hateful=harmful·lethal 令人不快的·可憎的=有害的·致命的(程度)
(同)deadly,fatal,mortal
(记)谐音:离骚。联想:屈原遭到致命的打击后写出《离骚》。
list 20 lethargic---------maudlin
lethargic [] adj,昏睡的,没精打采的(being lazy,sluggish,or indifferent)
(类)antidote:poison=tonic:lethargy 中毒需要解毒药=缺乏精力需要补品
lethargic·stimulate=skeptical·convince 没精打采的·激励=好怀疑的·使信服
(反)lethargy ◆ vigor 缺乏精力 ◆ 精力
(同)coma,dullness,languor,lassitude,slumber,torpidity,torpor
(例)became lethargic after taking the drug
(记)leth=死,引申为死气沉沉,无精打采
levee [] n,防洪堤(an embankment for preventing flooding)
(类)levee·river=cordon·crowd 防波堤防止河水涌入=警界线防止人群涌入
rampart·invasion=levee·flood 堡垒防止入侵=防洪堤防止洪水
padding·damage=levee·flooding 填塞物防止损伤=防洪堤防止洪水
levelheaded [] adj,明智的,有判断力的 (having sound judgment:sensible)
(反)levelheaded ◆ foolish 明智的 ◆ 愚蠢的
levity [] n,轻浮 多变(excessive or unseemly frivolity;lack of steadiness)
(反)levity ◆ gravity/ seriousness 轻浮 ◆ 严肃
(同) lightness,flightiness,flippancy,frivolity,volatility
(记)lev(上升)参考:levy 征税。 Levitate使浮于空中。
lexicographer [] n,辞典编纂者(an author or editor of a dictionary)
(类)cartographer·map=weaver·cloth=lexicographer·dictionary
制图家·地图=织布者·布=编辞典者·辞典 (人及其工作成品)
(记)lex(词语)参考:lexicon 辞典。
liability [] n,责任,债务(something for which one is liable; esp,pecuniary obligation)
(类)exempt·liability=pardon·penalty 免除债务=宽恕罪过(消除关系)
(反)asset ◆ liability 资产 ◆ 负债
liability ◆ immunity 责任 ◆ 豁免权
liberalist [] n,自由者(the quality or state of being liberal)
(反)liberalist ◆ enfetterist 自由者 ◆ 被束缚者
libertine [n] n,放荡不羁者(a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality;
specifically:one leading a dissolute life)
(类)caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=放荡不羁者·放肆的
libertine·dissolute=sycophant·obsequious 放荡不羁者·放荡的=谄媚者·谄媚的
ludicrous·buffoon=dissolute·libertine=humorous·wag
滑稽的·小丑=放荡的·放荡者·幽默的·诙谐者
(反)libertine ◆ ascetic 放荡不羁者 ◆ 禁欲者
libretto [] n,歌剧的歌词;剧本
(类)libretto·opera=lyrics·song 歌剧歌词·歌剧=歌词·歌曲
licentious [] adj,放纵的,纵欲的(lacking legal or moral restraints)
(类)voluble·verbosity=licentious·dissoluteness 健谈的·多话=放荡的·放荡
(反)licentiousness ◆ moral restrain 放纵而不受道德限制 ◆ 道德限制
(同)abandoned,dissolute,profligate
lien [] n.扣押权,留置权(legal claim until a debt on it is repaid)
(类)lien·claim=subpoena·command 扣押权是法律意义上的权利=传票是法律意义上的命令
liken [] vt,把…比作 (compare)
(类)liken·similarity=discriminate·difference 比拟依靠相似性=区别依靠差异性
limber [] adj,可塑的,柔软的(capable of being shaped·flexible)
(类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 柔软的·弹性=脆弱的·脆弱
limerick [] n,打油诗
(类)farce·performance=limerick·poem 闹剧是一种滑稽表演=打油诗是一种幽默短诗
limerick·poem=lampoon·satire 打油诗·诗=讽刺文·讽刺文学 (种属)
limn [] vt.描写(to describe); 描绘,画
(记)谐音“临”联想:临摹→画
limousine [] n,豪华轿车
(类)mansion·residence=limousine·automobile 大厦,毫宅·居所=豪华小轿车·汽车
limp [] adj,松软的 v,跛行(lacking firm texture,substance,or structure)
(类)limp·walk=stutter·talk 跛行·行走=口吃·说话
(反)limp ◆ firm 松软的 ◆ 坚硬
limpid [] adj,透明的,清澈的(marked by transparency:pellucid)
(反)limpid ◆ murky/ unclear/ turbid 透明的 ◆ 模糊不清的/浑浊的
linen [] n,亚麻布
(类)clay·porcelain=flax·linen 粘土制成陶器=亚麻制成亚麻布
flannel·cloth=linen·fabric 法兰绒·布=亚麻布·织物(种属)
linger [] v,逗留,闲荡,拖延(tarry;saunter; to be slow to act:procrastinate)
(反)lingering ◆ fleeting 漫步的 ◆ 飞速的
linoleum [] n,油布
(类)varnish·wood=wax·linoleum 清漆·木头=蜡·油布(保护和修饰作用)
lint [] n,绷带用麻布,皮棉(fuzz consisting of fine ravelings and short fibers of yarn and fabric)
(类)lint·covering=tarpaulin·garment 皮棉·覆盖物=油布雨衣·衣服(种属)
lissome [] adj,柔软的,敏捷的(easily bent;supple)
(反)lissome ◆ solid 柔软的 ◆ 坚硬的
lissome ◆ ungainly 敏捷的 ◆ 笨拙的
(同)supple,limber,lithe,lithesome;nimble
list [] n,vi,倾斜(a deviation from the vertical:tilt; to tilt to one side)
(反)list ◆ upright / be upright 倾斜 ◆ 垂直
(记)由倾斜引申倾向,再引申渴望。参考:listless 无渴望的,无精打采的。
lithe [] adj,柔软的,优雅的(characterized by easy flexibility and grace)
(反)lithe ◆ awkward 优雅的 ◆ 笨拙的
lithe ◆ inelastic 柔软的 ◆ 无弹性的
(同)supple,limber,lissome,lithesome
(例)treading with a lithe silent step
litigate [] v,提起诉讼(to engage in legal proceedings)
litigant [] n,诉讼当事人
loath [] adj,不情愿的,勉强的(unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking)
(反)loath ◆ eager 不情愿的 ◆ 渴望的
loathsome ◆ delectable 讨厌的 ◆ 使人愉快的
(同)disinclined,afraid,averse,hesitant,indisposed,reluctant,uneager
loathe [] vt,厌恶,憎恶(to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor)
(反)loathe ◆ 【amusing】 讨厌 ◆ 有趣的 (注:应该是干扰选项)
MW:Contrasted Words:covet,crave,desire,want,wish;Antonyms,tolerate
(同)hate,abhor,abominate,detest,execrate
(例)I loathe washing dishes,我讨厌洗盘子。
loathing [] n,极端厌恶,憎恶(extreme disgust:detestation)
(类)castigation·reproof=loathing·dislike 苛责·责备=极端厌恶·不喜欢(程度)
dislike·loathing=pleasure·bliss 讨厌·极度厌恶=快乐·天赐之福 (程度)
(记)谐音“鲁迅”→鲁迅憎恶一切反动派;网友?anifly?提供有意思的是loathing有ing反而是名词。loath(不情愿的)则是形容词,意思也有较大差别。
lode [] n,矿脉(an ore deposit)
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=源泉·含水土层 (事物及其发源地)
lofty [] adj,高的,崇高的(elevated in status:superior)
(反)lofty ◆ ignominious/ mean 崇高的 ◆ 可耻的/ 卑鄙的
lofty ◆ cast down 提高的 ◆ 下降的
(记)源自loft 阁楼,楼上的房间,天空+y→高的
loll [] vi,懒洋洋的(to act or move in a lax,lazy,or indolent manner:lounge)
(反)loll ◆ move vigorously 懒洋洋地移动 ◆ 精力旺盛地移动
lopsided [] adj,倾向一方的,不平衡的(lacking in balance,symmetry,or proportion)
(反)even handed ◆ lopsided 平衡 ◆ 不平衡的
loquacious [] adj,多嘴的,饶舌的(given to fluent or excessive talk·garrulous)
(类)flatter·praise=loquacious·talkative 奉承是过分赞扬=饶舌是过分喜欢说话
loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 饶舌的·简洁的=熟练的·笨拙的 (反义)
loquacious·talkative=rash·adventurous 饶舌的·多话的=鲁莽的·大胆的(同义)
loquacious·word=profligate·money 饶舌的人不吝惜话=浪费的人不吝惜钱(动宾)
(反)loquacious ◆ taciturn/reticent /laconic 饶舌的 ◆ 沉默寡言的/用词简洁的
loquacity ◆ disinclination to speak /reluctance to speak 多话 ◆ 不愿说话
(同)talkative,babblative,chatty,gabby,garrulous,
lottery [] n,抽彩,抓阄(contest in which winners are selected in a drawing of lots)
(类)lottery·raffle=?? 抽彩·抽彩(同义)干扰:ticket·admission =入场券·入场
【注】raffle,a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize
lottery并无奖券的意思。这个意思的词是lots,chances。
loutish [`] adj,粗鲁的(resembling or befitting a clumsy,stupid fellow)
(类)coltish·discipline=loutish·grace 不受拘束的人不会守纪律=粗鲁的人不会优雅
(反)genteel ◆ loutish 有教养的 ◆ 粗鲁的
(同)boorish,churlish,cloddish
lubricate [] vt,使润滑(to make smooth or slippery)
(类)oil·lubricate=antiseptic·disinfect 油用来润滑=杀菌剂用来消毒
lubricate·abrasion=seal·leakage 润滑防止磨损=密封防止渗漏
lucid [] adj,清澈的,明晰易懂的(clear to the understanding:intelligible)
(类)lucid·perceive=transparent·understand=prominent·notice
明晰的容易觉察=明显的容易理解=杰出的容易注意
(反)lucid ◆ murky / vague / obfuscated 清晰的 ◆ 模糊的
lucubration [] n,刻苦钻研,苦心的著作(laborious or intensive study)
(反)lucubration ◆ cursory consideration 刻苦钻研 ◆ 草草了事
(记)lucubrate,谐音:撸胳膊(表示要刻苦钻研)
lug [] v,拖,拉(to carry laboriously)
(类)lug·carry=trudge·walk 拖拉是艰难地运送=跋涉是艰难地走
lucrative [] adj,盈利的,有利可图的(producing wealth; profitable)
(记)来自lucre收益,钱财
lugubrious [] adj,悲哀的(尤指装出来的)(mournful;esp,affectedly mournful)
(反)lugubrious ◆ facetious/jovial 悲哀的 ◆ 幽默的/快乐的
lugubriousness ◆ cheerfulness 悲哀 ◆ 高兴
(例)dark,dramatic and lugubrious brooding
(记)谐音:露骨。联想:装作悲哀的样子很露骨。
lull [] n/vt,麻痹,使安静 (to cause to sleep or rest:soothe)
(反)lull ◆ startle/ galvanize 使安静 ◆ 使震惊/ 刺激
lull ◆ hectic period 暂停期 ◆ 狂热的时期
lull ◆ revive 使安静 ◆ 使复兴
lull ◆ increased activity 平静 ◆ 增加的行为
lullaby [] n,摇篮曲 (a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep)
(类)lullaby·song=diatribe·discourse 摇篮曲·歌曲=谩骂·谈话(种属)
lumber [] vi,笨重地行动,蹒跚而行(to move ponderously; stumble)
(类)lumber·grace=waver·resolution 笨重地行动不优雅=犹豫没有决心
(反)lumber ◆ glide 笨重地行动 ◆ 平滑不费力地滑动
lumen [] n,流明(亮度单位)(a unit of luminous)
(类)lumen·light=decibel·sound=volt·electricity=watt·power
分贝·声音=伏·电流=瓦·功率=流明·亮度
luminary [] n,杰出人物,名人(a person of prominence or brilliant achievement)
(类)master/maven·experience=luminary·eminence 专家/ 行家有经验=杰出人物显赫
lurch [] vi,举步蹒跚 (to move forward unsteadily while swaying from side to side)
(反)lurch ◆ progress smoothly 举步蹒跚 ◆ 平稳前进
(例)the sodden drunk lurched uncertainly toward the door
lurk [] vi,潜藏,潜伏(to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose)
(类)lurk·wait=abscond·depart=hoard·save 潜伏·等候=潜逃·离开=密藏·保存
(干扰:purloin·appropriate 偷窃·盗用)
lurk·concealment=espouse·marriage=purloin·appropriation
潜伏·潜藏=嫁娶·结婚=偷窃·占用(种属)
(同)sneak,creep,gumshoe,pussyfoot,skulk,slide,slink,slip
lush [] adj,苍翠繁茂的(growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage)
(反)sere ◆ lush 干枯的 ◆ 苍翠繁茂的
lustrous [] adj,有光泽的,光辉的(reflecting light evenly and efficiently without glitter or sparkle)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 麻木使无知觉=磨光使有光泽
lustrous·polish=pure·refine 擦亮就会有光泽的=精炼就会纯净的
(同)burnished,gleaming,glistening,glossy,polished
(例)the lustrous glow of an opal
luxury [] adj,奢侈,奢华(a condition of abundance or great ease and comfort)
(类)ascetic·luxury=teetotaler·alcohol 禁欲者不嗜奢华=禁酒者不嗜饮酒
luxuriant/ luxurious ◆ spartan 奢华的 ◆ 简朴的
(例)the poor cannot even afford the essentials,let alone occasional luxuries
lyric [] n,抒情诗,歌词
(类)pleasurable·paradisical=melodious·lyrical
愉快的·天堂般的=曲调优美的·抒情诗般的(程度)
ballad·song=lyric·poem=comedian·actor
民谣·歌曲=抒情诗·诗歌=喜剧演员·演员(种属)
macabre adj.恐怖的(gruesome; grisly)以死亡为主题的(having death as a subject)
(类)macabre·shudder=hilarious·laugh 恐怖的·颤栗=高兴的·笑(因为前者所以后者)
(记)观察:cab 谐音 恐怖。
macerate [] v,浸软(steep,soak)
(反)macerate ◆ harden by drying 浸软 ◆ 烘干变硬
maculate [] adj,有斑点的(marked with spots:blotched ;impure,besmirched)
(反)maculated ◆ unspotted 玷污的 ◆ 清白的
(记)mac=mark→痕迹→斑点
maelstrom [] n.大漩涡,灾祸(violent whirlpool; violent or tublent situation)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 大漩涡是狂暴的=海市蜃楼是错觉的
(同)eddy,whirl,whirlpool
(记)mael(坏的)+strom(=storm,暴风雨)联想:大旋涡,灾祸。
magnificent [] adj,高尚的,宏伟的(grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted.)
(反)magnificent ◆ base 高尚的 ◆ 卑鄙的
(同)grandiose,imposing,lordly,magnific,majestic,noble
(记)词根magni- 表示大、长 参考:magnific 庄严的,崇高的magnification 放大
maladroit [] adj,笨拙的(lacking adroitness:inept)
(类)complaisance·intractable=adeptness·maladroit 柔顺·倔强的=灵巧·笨拙的
maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=冗长的·简洁的
maladroit·skill=glib·profundity 不灵巧的·技巧=口齿伶俐的·深度 (缺乏关系)
(反)maladroit ◆ deft/dextrous 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的
(同)awkward,clumsy,gauche,inept,lumbering
(记)mal(坏)+adroit(熟练的,灵巧的)
malady [] n,病,疾病,弊病
malaise [] n,不舒服(uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health)
(反)malaise ◆ cheerful feeling  不舒服 ◆ 舒服
(记)mal(坏)+aise
malcontent [] adj,不满的,不服的 n,不满者(dissatisfied ;discontented)
(类)dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖拉的·耽搁=不满的·抱怨
sycophant·fawn=malcontent·complaint 谄媚者爱奉承=不满者爱抱怨
malicious [] adj,怀恶意的,恶毒的(given to,marked by,or arising from malice)
(类)malicious·ill will=diligent·effort=exaggerating·hyperbole
恶毒的·恶意=勤勉的·努力=夸大的·夸张(形名同义)
(反)expansive ◆ malicious 宽容的 ◆ 恶毒的
(同)despiteful,evil,hateful,malevolent,malign,rancorous,vicious,wicked
malign [] adj,有恶意的 vt,诽谤(intense often vicious ill will·malevolent)
(反)malign ◆ extol/ laud 诽谤 ◆ 赞美
(记)参考:benign 仁慈的,良好的
malinger [] v.假装不适以逃避工作 (to pretend incapacity as illness to avoid duty or work)
(类)parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk 吝啬的·吝啬=逃避工作的·逃避(形动同义)
hoard·miser=shirk·malinger 秘藏·守财奴=逃避·逃避工作者(正面特征)
malinger·duty=camoflage/disemble·detection 逃避工作是逃避职责=掩饰是逃避侦察
malingerer·duty=recluse·humanity 装病者逃避责任=隐遁者逃避人类
malinger·ail=flatter·appreciate 装病是假装生病=阿谀是假装欣赏
【注:ail:vi,to suffer ill health 生病】
malleable [] adj,可塑的,易改变的(capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces)
(类)friable·crumble=malleable·alter 易碎的容易被弄碎=有延展性的容易被改变
knead·malleable=penetrate·permeable 揉捏·可延展性的=穿透·能透过的
malleable·shape=irresolute·opinion 有延展性的·形状=无决断的·主张(前修饰后)
(反)malleable ◆ hard to shape 可延展性的 ◆ 难以变形的
(同)plastic,adaptable,ductile,moldable,pliable,pliant,supple
malodor [] n,恶臭(an offensive odor)
(类)cacophony·sound=malodor·scent 刺耳的声音·语音=恶臭·气味
malodorous·smell=jarring·sound 恶臭的·气味=刺耳的·声音
(记)mal(坏)+odor(气味)
mandatory [] adj,命令的,强制的(containing or constituting a command:obligatory)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的必须被遵守=禁止的必须被戒绝
(反)discretionary ◆ mandatory 任意的 ◆ 强制的
(同) compulsory,imperative,imperious,obligatory,required
mangle [] vt,破坏,毁损(to spoil,injure,or make incoherent especially through ineptitude)
(反)mangle ◆ praise extravagantly 毁损 ◆ 过分赞美
(同)batter,maul
(例)a story mangled beyond recognition
mangy [] adj,污秽的,褴褛的(having many worn or bare spots·seedy,shabby)
(反)mangy ◆ decorous 褴褛的 ◆ 优雅的
(记)mang 谐音:盲→盲流→盲流衣衫褴褛
mania [] n,狂躁,热衷,狂热(excessive or unreasonable enthusiasm)
(类)enthusiasm·mania=suspicion·paranoia 热情·狂热=怀疑·偏执狂 (程度)
mania·enthusiasm=doting·fondness 狂热·热情=溺爱·喜爱(程度)
hidebound·conservative=manic·interested/excited
顽固的·保守的=疯狂的·感兴趣的/激动的(以上程度关系都有有褒贬意味)
manifest [] n,载货清单
(类)repertoire·performance=manifest·cargo=agenda·meeting=inventory·merchandise
全部剧目·演出=载货清单·货物=议程·会议=存货清单·存货
manifest 2 [] adj,显然的,明显的(easily understood or recognized by the mind:obvious)
(类)manifest·perceive=brittle·break=transparent·understand
明显的·觉察=易碎的·破碎=透彻的·理解(容易关系)
audible·stentorian=discernible·manifest=palatable·savory
听得见的·声音洪亮的=可辨别的·明显的=美味的·风味极佳的(程度)
(反)manifest ◆ latent/ occult 明显的 ◆ 潜在的/神秘的
(同)clear,apparent,distinct,evident
manipulate [] vt,巧妙操作 (control or change by artful means)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict
灵巧的·巧妙操作=预见性的·预言(前者是后者的性质)
(反)manipulate ◆ guileless 假造 ◆ 不狡猾的 (词性不符)
manipulative ◆ guileless 暗中操纵的 ◆ 坦率正直的
(例)How do you manipulate these puppets? 你是怎么巧妙操作这些木偶的?
mannered adj,不自然的,矫饰的(artificial or affected)
(反)natural自然的
manumit [] v,解放(奴隶)(to release from slavery)
(反)manumit ◆ detain /enslave 解放 ◆ 拘留/奴役
(记)manu(手)+mit(释放)参考:emit 发出,放射
manure [ ] v,施肥于n,肥料
manuscript [] n,手稿(a book,document,or other composition written by hand)
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=武器库·武器
mar [] v,损坏,破坏(to impair the soundness,perfection,or integrity of; spoil)
(类)burnish·dull=mar·flawless 磨光消除暗淡=破坏消除完美
(反)mar ◆ enhance 损坏 ◆ 加强
marsh [] n,沼泽,湿地
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿的=沙漠·干燥的
(反)marshy ◆ arid 潮湿的 ◆ 干旱的
marsupial [] n.有袋类动物
(类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠·有袋类动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物(种属)
martial [] adj,战争的,军事的(of,relating to,or suggestive of war)
(类)martial·military=runic·mysterious 军事的·军事的=神秘的·神秘的(同义)
martinet [] n,纪律严明之人(a strict disciplinarian)
(类)martinet·discipline=pedant·learning 纪律严明之人执着于纪律=学究执着于学问
(反)martinet ◆ indulgent person/ individual 要求严格之人 ◆ 纵容之人
marvel [] n,奇迹(something that causes wonder or astonishment)
(反)marvel ◆ mean 奇迹 ◆ 平庸
pedestrian ◆ marvelous 平凡的 ◆ 非凡的
(同)miracle,phenomenon,prodigy
masquerade [] v,伪装,掩饰(to disguise oneself)
(类)dissemble·information=masquerade·feeling 掩盖·事实=掩饰·感情
(记)masque(=mask面具)
mash [ ] v,捣碎,捣成糊状(to convert into a soft,pulpy mixture)
(类)awl·piece=pestle·mash锥子用来刺=杵用来捣
masticate [] v,咀嚼(chew)
(类)lung·respire=tooth·masticate 肺·呼吸=牙齿·咀嚼
mastery [ ] n,技艺超群,炉火纯青(possession of consummate skill)
(类)improvement·mastery=savings·wealth不断改进达到炉火纯青=不断储蓄获得财富
matriculate [] vt,入学
(类)inauguration·official=matriculation·student 就职·官员=入学·学生
inception·termination=matriculation·graduation 开始·结束=入学·毕业
commencement ◆ matriculation 毕业典礼 ◆ 入学
(记)matri(母亲)参考:matrix 子宫 matriarchy 女家长制
mattress [] n,床垫(注:mat席子,垫子)
(类)tablecloth·table=sheet·mattress 桌布·桌子=床单·床垫
maudlin [] adj,多愁善感的,感情脆弱的(weakly and effusively sentimental)
(类)maudlin·sentiment=pedantic·scholarship
感情脆弱的形容过分脆弱的对待感情=书生气的形容过分迂腐的对待学问
maudlin·sentimental=obsequious·deferential (干扰:peeved·annoyed 同义)
感情脆弱的·多愁善感的=谄媚的·恭顺的(褒贬+程度)
【注:deference:respect and esteem due a superior or an elder ; also:affected or
ingratiating regard for another's wishes 恭敬,迎合】
(反)maudlin ◆ jovial 感伤的 ◆ 高兴的
(同)sentimental,bathetic,mawkish
list 21 maven ---------mordant
maven [] n,专家,行家 (one who is experienced or knowledgeable:expert)
(类)maven·experience=luminary·eminence=augur·prediction
专家·经验=权威者·显赫=预言者·预言(人物正面特征)
(同)expert,authority,master,virtuoso
maverick [] n,特立独行之人(an independent individual not go along with a group)
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 持不同政见者背离正统=特立独行者背离团体
maverick·conformity=extrovert·reserve 特立独行者不和别人一致=性格外向者不内敛
(反)maverick ◆ follower 特立独行之人 ◆ 追随者
maverick ◆ conform to tradition 特立独行的 ◆ 遵从传统的
(记)NBA小牛队的名称就是maverick
mawkish [] adj,自作多情的,令人厌恶的 (sickly or puerilely sentimental)
(类)mawkish·sentimental=gullible·trust 感情脆弱的·感伤的=易上当的·信任 (程度)
(反)mawkish ◆ unsentimental 自作多情的 ◆ 不动情感的
(同)sentimental,bathetic,maudlin,romantic
meager [] adj,贫乏的,稀少的(deficient in quality or quantity)
(反)amplitude ◆ meagerness 广阔,丰富 ◆ 贫乏,稀少
liberal ◆ meager 慷慨的 ◆ 贫乏的
(记)m+eager 没有希望,因为太穷困了。
mean adj.卑鄙的;自私的,吝啬的
(反)noble(高尚的)lavish(非常大方的,浪费的)
meander [] vi,蜿蜒而流,闲逛(to wander aimlessly without urgent destination:ramble)
(类)waft·plummet=meander·dash 飘落·急速下落=闲逛·猛冲(慢·快)
(反)meander ◆ move purposively 无目的的闲逛 ◆ 有目的的走动
(同)wander,drift,ramble,roam,rove,stray,vagabond
(记)来自米安得河,美洲一条著名的河流。联想:河流是蜿蜒而流的。
measly [] adj,低贱的(contemptibly small)
(类)measly·contemptibly=puny·weakly 低贱的·可鄙地=微弱的·微弱地 (形副同义)
(反)measly ◆ grand 卑贱的 ◆ 重要的
(同)petty,paltry,piddling,puny,trifling,trivial
measured [] adj,标准的(marked by due proportion)
(反)measured ◆ inappropriate 标准的 ◆ 不适当的
meddle [] vi,干涉,管闲事(interfere without right or propriety)
(类)officious·meddle=disaffected·rebel 好管闲事的·管闲事=有叛意的·反叛
meddlesome·pry=contentious·argue 好管闲事的人喜欢打探=好争吵的人喜欢争吵
attentive·meddlesome=envious·jealous 留意的·好管闲事的=羡慕的·嫉妒的(褒贬程度)
(同)busybody,interfere,interlope,intermeddle,tamper(with)
(例)continually meddling in other people's affairs
media [] n,媒体,营养基(a nutrient system for the artificial cultivation of cells or bacteria)
(类)plantation·tobacco=media·bacteria 种植园种植烟草=营养基培养细菌
mediate [] vt,调解,调停
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret 调解者·调解=翻译·翻译
mediation·compromise=prosecution·conviction 调解·妥协=起诉·定罪 (目的)
mediocre [] adj,平庸的,平凡的(of moderate or low quality,value,ability,or performance)
(反)virtuosity ◆ mediocrity 大师 ◆ 平庸之才
(同)medium,indifferent,intermediate,mean,ordinary,so-so
medley [] n,混合,混杂;集成曲(a musical composition made up of a series of songs)
(类)montage·images=medley·songs 蒙太奇·图像=集成曲·歌曲 (组成关系)
meek adj.温顺的,谦恭的(gentle)柔顺的,易于征服的(submissive)
(反)vaunting骄傲的unyieldding不屈服的
meet [] adj,合适的(very proper)
(反)meet ◆ inappropriate/unsuitable 合适的 ◆ 不合适的
meliorism [] n.世界改良论(the belief of tendency toward improvement)
(类)meliorism·progress=egalitarian·equity 世界改良论主张进步=平等主义主张平等
mellifluous [] adj.曲调优美的(having a smooth rich flow)
(类)mellifluous·music=ambrosial·food 曲调优美的的音乐=天赐美味的食物
mellifluous·sound=savory·taste 悦耳的·声音=美味的·味道 (形容词及其修饰对象)
(反)mellifluous ◆ cacophonous/ raspy 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)golden,mellifluent
melody [] n,曲子,美的音乐,曲调(tunefulness)
(类)cacophony·melody=genteel·churl 刺耳音调·悦耳音调=绅士的·粗野的人(反义)
(反)melodious ◆ jarring 音调优美的 ◆ 不和谐的
melodrama [] n,情节剧(a work as a movie or play characterized by extravagant theatricality and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization)
(类)melodrama·subtlety=chimera·authenticity 情节剧缺乏微妙之处=梦幻缺乏真实性
membrane [] n.薄膜,细胞膜(a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin)
(类)pore·membrane=door·room 气孔是薄膜的入口=门是房间的入口
cell·membrane=seed·hull 细胞·细胞膜=种子·外壳
menace [] v,恐吓,威胁(to make a show of intention to harm)
(类)odious·disgust=menacing·fear=blatant·arrest
令人作呕的·引起恶心反感=威胁的·害怕=炫耀的·吸引(因果)
odious·repugnance=menacing·fear 可厌的令人反感=威胁的令人害怕
(同)compromise,hazard,imperil,jeopard
mendacious [] adj,虚假的,说谎的(deception/falsehood/divergence from absolute truth)
(类)ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 模糊的不清楚=虚假的非事实
(反)mendacious ◆ honest/veracious 虚假的 ◆ 诚实的
mendacity ◆ veracity/ honesty/ candor/ truthfulness 虚假 ◆ 诚实/ 坦白
(同)dishonest,deceitful,knavish,lying,roguish,shifty,unhonest,untruthful
(例)mendacious tales of his adventures
(记)mend (修理)说话修修补补—>说谎的
mentor [] n,良师益友,贤明的顾问,导师,指导者(a trusted counselor or guide·tutor,coach)
(类)mentor·guidance=oracle·prophecy=prevaricator·deceive(或mislead)
导师能够指导=神谕者能够预言=说话搪塞的人能欺骗
mercenary [] adj.唯利是图的 n.雇佣兵(one that serves merely for wages)
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge 唯利是图的·金钱=有报仇心的·报仇
mercenary·soldier=hack·writer 雇佣兵:士兵=雇用作家:作家
mercurial [] adj.情绪善变的,活泼的(rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood)
(类)mercurial·mood=fickle·affection=whimsical·behavior
情绪善变的·情绪=变幻无常的·情感=行为古怪的·行为
scurrilous·propriety=mercurial·constancy 下流的·适当=易变的·一致(反面特征)
(反)mercurial ◆ constant 善变 ◆ 不变
(同)inconstant,capricious,changeable,fickle,temperamental,ticklish,unstable
meretricious [] a,华而不实的,俗艳的
merited [] adj,应得的,理所当然的 (deserved,be worthy of or entitled or liable to)
(反)merited ◆ gratuitous/unsuitable 理所当然的 ◆ 无理由的/不适合的
mesh [] vt,啮合(to cause as gears to engage)
(反)disengage ◆ mesh 解开 ◆ 啮合
mesmerism [] n,催眠,着迷
(类)zeal·dedication=mesmerism·interest 热衷·奉献=着迷·兴趣(程度)
exhaustive·careful=mesmerized·interesting 详尽的·仔细的=着迷·兴趣(程度)
metaphor [] n,隐喻,暗喻 (figurative language)
(类)metaphor·literal=melody·spoken 比喻·文字上的=悦耳音调·口头的(前者比后者美丽)
insect·butterfly=philosophy·metaphysics 昆虫·蝴蝶=哲学·形而上学(种属)
metamorphose [] vt.变形,变质,改变(change strikingly the appearance of,transform)
(反)metamorphose ◆ remain unaltered 改变 ◆ 保持不变
metamorphosis ◆ continuation without change 变形 ◆ 保持原形
(例)You are so metamorphosed i can hardly think you my master.
meteoric [] adj,流星的,昙花一现(resembling a meteor in sudden and temporary brilliance)
(类)fleeting·pass=meteoric·rise 飞逝的很快经过又消失=流星般的很快发生又消失
meteoric·constancy=archaic·currency 昙花一现的·恒久不变=过时的·现存
(反)meteoric ◆ plodding 疾速的 ◆ 沉重缓慢的
meteoric ◆ gradual 昙花一现的 ◆ 逐渐的
(例)a meteoric rise to fame
(记)meteor (流星)met (相遇)联想:人丛中两人的相遇就象流星闪过一样匆匆而过。
meteorology [] n,气象学(a science that deals with weather and weather forecasting)
(类)demography · population=meteorology · weather=pathology · disease
人口统计学研究人口=气象学研究天气=病理学研究疾病
(记)根据meteoric(流星的)而来,研究流星的学问—>气象学[mI5WRdIk(E)l]
methodical [] adj,井然有序的,有条理的;系统的,
(反)desultory散漫的,不连贯的 haphazard任意的;无计划的;偶然的
meticulous [] adj.非常仔细的,细心的(extreme care in the consideration of details)
(类)interested·agog=careful·meticulous 感兴趣的·热切的=仔细的·小心翼翼的(程度)
(反)meticulous ◆ carelessness 细心的 ◆ 粗心的
(同)careful,conscientious,exact,fussy,punctilious,punctual,scrupulous
metrical [] adj,韵律的,有韵律的,测量的 (of,relating to,or composed in meter)
(类)scan·metrical=parse·grammatical 分析韵律·韵律的=解析语法·文法的 (动宾)
mettle [] n,勇气,毅力(staying quality:stamina)
(类)insight·discern=mettle·endure 洞察力·洞悉=毅力·忍耐(正面特征)
(例)trucks had proved their mettle in army transport
miff [] n,小争执,微怒 vt,使恼怒 (a trivial quarrel)
(类)miff·quarrel=foible·flaw 小争吵·争吵=小缺点·缺点(小和正常)
(反)miff ◆ please {compliment/commend} 使恼怒 ◆ 讨好,和解
migratory [] adj,迁移的,流浪的(wandering,roving;migrative,mobile)
(反)migratory ◆ sedentary 迁移的 ◆ 不迁移的
milieu [ ] n.(法)周围,环境,社会环境,背景
(例)the historical milieu 历史背景(记)参考:purlieu常去的地方
milk n,奶;v.挤出,榨出
(类)milk·extract=exploit·utilize 榨出·提取=充分利用·利用(程度)
mime [] vt,vi,摸拟表演(to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually without words)
(类)parody·style=mime·gesture 拙劣的模仿·样式=哑剧·手势(事物及其特征化方式)
charade·word=mime·story 用手势表示的字谜·字=哑剧·故事
mimicry·camouflage =mutation·variation 模拟是一种伪装=突变是一种变化
【注】mutation,a sudden structural change
minaret [] n,尖塔(a tall slender tower of a mosque)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 塔尖·教堂=尖塔·清真寺 (建筑物及其顶端)
minatory [] adj.威胁的,恫吓的(having a menacing quality·threatening)
(反)minatory ◆ nonthreatening 威胁的 ◆ 无威胁性的
minatory ◆ reassuring/ unthreatening 威胁的 ◆ 安心的 /无威胁的
mince [] vi,小步走(to walk with short steps in a prim affected manner)
(类)mince·walk=sip·drink 小步走·走=小口饮·喝
(类)stride·mince=quaff·sip 迈大步走·碎步走=大口喝·啜饮(程度)
mind v,介意,反对,不喜欢(to object to; dislike)注意,留意(to attend to)
(类)mind·dislike 介意·不喜欢(同义)
(反)mindful ◆ unaware 留心的 ◆ 没察觉到的
mingle [] v,混合(to bring or mix together)
(反)mingle ◆ separate 混合 ◆ 分离
(同)mix,commingle,immingle,intermingle,meld,merge
minimize [] vt.将…减到最少v,最小化
(反)overestimate高估exaggerate夸张inflate膨胀
minion [] n,奴才(a servile dependent,follower,or underling)
(类)minion·dependent=groveler·petitioner 奴才·依赖者=卑恭屈节者·请求者
mint [] vt,铸造;n,巨额
(类)strike·medal=mint·coin 打造·奖牌=铸造·硬币
(反)mint ◆ modicum 巨额 ◆ 少量
minuscule [] adj,极小的 n,小写字(very small)
(类)small·minuscule=moist·saturated 小·极小的=湿的·饱和的(程度)
minuscule·letter=minnow·fish 小写字·字母=小鱼·鱼 (种属)
minute n.会议记录(An official record of the proceedings at a meeting)adj.微小的
(类)agenda·minutes=itenerary·log 会议议程·会议记录=旅行日程·旅行日志
(反)minute ◆ gargantuan 微小的 ◆ 巨大的
minutia [] n,细节,琐事(a minute or minor detail;trivia,triviality)
(类)minutia·details=quibbles·objections 小细节·详情=小反对·放对
(反)minutia ◆ essential point/vital feature 琐事 ◆ 要点/重要特征
minutia ◆ lengthy account 细节 ◆ 冗长的说明
minutia ◆ crucial aspects 琐事 ◆ 重要方面
miraculous [] adj,奇迹的,不可思议的(of the nature of a miracle:supernatural)
(反)ordinary ◆ miraculous 平凡的 ◆ 奇迹的
(同)supernatural,numinous,preternatural,superhuman,unearthly
(记)由下面的mirage 海市蜃楼而来 联想:海市蜃楼的美是不可思议的。
mirage [] n.幻影,海市蜃楼(something illusory and unattainable)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 大漩涡·混乱的=海市蜃楼·幻影的(正面特征)
(记)mira=mirror 镜子 联想:镜子里看到的都是幻影→欢迎,海市蜃楼
mire [] vt,使陷于泥泞,使陷入困境(to hamper or hold back as if by mire:entangle)
(反)mire ◆ extricate 使陷入困境 ◆ 使解脱
(记)mire=admire(崇拜)去掉ad(广告),联想:被崇拜的明星如果没了广告就会陷入困境。
mirth [] n.欢乐,欢笑(gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter)
(类)mirth·laughter=approval·applause 因欢乐而笑=因赞成而鼓掌
(例)a man of contentment,but seldom of mirth
(记)mirth看成my+birth 联想:我的生日充满欢笑(韦青网友提供)
misanthrope [] n,厌恶人类者(a person who hates or distrusts mankind)
(类)misanthrope·humane=ascetic·voluptuary 厌恶人类者·人道的=苦行者·耽于酒色的
misanthrope·people=xenophobe·strangers 厌恶人类者:人=仇外者:外人,陌生人
(记)mis 不+ anthrope人类学→厌恶人类
【注:mis 作为前缀有三层意思。1、bad,wrong 2、not 3、强调 】
misbehave [] v,行为不端(to behave badly)
(类)castigation·disapproval= crime· misbehave 苛责·不赞成=犯罪· 行为不端(程度)
lapse·error=misbehavior·criminality 小错·差错=不正当的行为·犯罪行为(程度)
reprobate·misbehave=sycophant·fawn 堕落的人·行为不端=马屁精·奉承(典型特征)
(记)mis(=bad)+ behave行为,不好的行为
mischievous [] adj,调皮的,恶作剧的,有害的(able to cause trouble,or minor injury)
(类)insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 不老练的·粗野之人=淘气的·顽童(典型特征)
rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正面特征)
(同)naughty,bad,ill-behaved,misbehaving
(记)chiev (=chief) 达到顶端 参考:chief 首领(达到顶端的人)achieve 取得
mis+chiev 联想:用坏的方法达到顶端→恶作剧的
misconstrue [] vt,误解,曲解(misinterpret)
(类)misjudge·assess=misconstrue·interpret 判断错误作出错误评估=误解作出错误解释
(记)mis错误 + construe v,解释,分析,直译→误解,曲解
miscreant [] n,恶棍 adj,堕落的(one who behaves criminally or viciously)
(类)miscreant·criminal=visionary·delusion 堕落的·罪犯=幻觉的·幻觉 (典特)
(反)miscreant ◆ law-abiding individual/saint 有罪恶的人 ◆ 遵守法纪的人/圣人
(记)mis+cre(=credible 可信的)+ant →不可信的人→恶棍 参考:credit n.信任,信用
misdemeanor [] n.不轨的行为,轻罪(a crime less serious than a felony)
(类)crime·misdemeanor=commitment·decision 犯罪·轻罪=承诺·决心 (程度)
misdemeanor·crime=lapse·error 轻罪·罪=小错误·谬误,差错(程度)
  (记)mis错+ demeanor行为,风度→行为不当,轻罪
miser [] n,守财奴,吝啬鬼(one who is extremely stingy with money)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blase 吝啬鬼·慷慨的=热心者·冷漠的
miser·parsimonious=spendthrift·prodigal 吝啬鬼·吝啬的=挥霍者·奢侈的(典特)
miser·hoard=dandy·preen 守财奴好贮藏=花花公子好打扮
parsimony·miser=rebelliousness·insurgent 吝啬·守财奴=造反·暴动者
miser·thrift··chauvinist·patriotism 吝啬鬼过分的节约=盲目的爱国主义者盲目爱国
(反)spendthrift ◆ miser 挥霍者 ◆ 守财奴
misfortune [] n,不幸(a distressing or unfortunate incident or event)
(反)boon ◆ misfortune 幸运 ◆ 不幸
(记)mis + fortune(运气)→坏运气
misgiving [] n,疑虑,担心(a feeling of suspicion especially concerning a future event)
(反)misgiving ◆ certainty 疑虑 ◆ 必定
(反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑
(记)参考:forgive 原谅;一起记:have a misgiving without being forgived担心不被原谅。
mishap [] n,不幸之事(an unfortunate accident)
(类)catastrophe·mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大祸·不幸=耻辱:困窘
mishap·accident=peccadillo·offence 不幸·事故=小罪·犯罪(种属)
(记)mis不+ hap(=hapness幸运)
misogynist [] n.厌恶女人的人(one who hates women/females)
(记)gyn词根:女人 参考:gynocracy妇女政治
misrepresent [] vt,不如实的叙述,误传(to give a false or misleading representation
of usually with an intent to deceive or be unfair)
(类)tamper·adjust=misrepresent·communicate 篡改是错误的修改=误传是错误的传达
mite [] n,微生物,螨虫;极小量
(类)mite·creature=speck·amount 微生物·生物=少量·量 (种属)
(记)螨虫非常非常小,所以每个人都有螨虫的。
mitigate [] v,减轻,使缓和(to make less severe or painful)
(类)mitigate·severe=qualify·general 使严重的减轻=使普通的具有资格
(反)mitigate ◆ exacerbate 缓和,减轻 ◆ 使加剧
(同)relieve,allay,alleviate,assuage,mollify
(记)miti(谐音:媒体)联想:媒体给人们带来信息和欢乐,能够减轻人们的焦虑和痛苦。
mnemonics [] n,记忆术(a technique of improving the memory)
(类)regiment·health=mnemonics·memory 养生法为了促进健康=助记法为了促进记忆
mnemonics·remember=staff·walk 助记法帮助记忆=拐杖帮助行走
mobility [] n,灵活性
(类)splint·mobility=ballast·instability=purchase·slippery
夹板·灵活性=压舱物·不稳定性=支点·滑动(消除关系)
splint·immobilize=duct·convey 夹板用来固定=导管用来传送
splint·immobilize=sling·support(干扰sieve·flow)夹板用来固定=吊带用来支撑
(记)来自mobile 机动的,可移动的 mobile phone 移动电话 参考:motile 能动的,有活力的
mockery [] n,嘲弄,笑柄,歪曲 (a subject of laughter,derision,or sport)
(类)diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 抨击·咒骂=用文字模仿以讽刺·嘲弄(程度)
mock·imitate=taunt·challenge (以模仿方式)嘲弄:模仿=(以挑战方式)嘲弄:挑战
(同)burlesque,caricature,farce,mock,sham,travesty
(例)arbitrary methods make a mockery of justice,专断的方法是对正义的嘲弄
(记)mock 嘲笑+ -ery 名词后缀 比较monk 联想:和尚经常成为嘲笑的对象
moderate [] vt,节制,使稳定,使缓和(to lessen the intensity or extremeness of)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过分的·温和的=不忠的·忠心
moderate· intensity =extenuate·seriousness 缓和·强度=减轻·严重性
(记)moderate 也做形容词,中等的,适量的
modicum [] n,少量(a small portion:a limited quantity)
(类)inkling·knowledge=modicum·quantity 小知识·知识=小量·量(程度)
(反)modicum ◆ large amount 少量 ◆ 大量
(同)particle,atom,grain,iota,minim,molecule,ounce,scrap
molar [] n,臼齿,磨牙(a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food)
(类)rib·bone=molar·tooth 肋骨·骨头=臼齿·牙齿 (种属)
(记)谐音:毛驴。联想:毛驴拉磨;由磨联想磨牙,臼齿。
molding [] n,嵌线(a decorative plane or curved strip used for ornamentation or finishing)
(类)hem·garment=molding·cabinet 褶边·衣服=嵌线·橱柜
mollify [] v,平息,缓和,使变软(to soothe in temper or disposition:appease)
(类)mollification·soothe=indemnity·secure 安抚是为了使安心=保险是为了保护
mollify·anger=heart·dejection 缓和消除怒火=鼓励消除颓丧
(反)antagonize 使敌对反对 ire忿怒 rouse唤醒 vex使恼怒 pique激怒
discomfit 挠乱 exasperate激怒 bait使生气 disaffect使敌对 nettle激怒
rankle激怒 incite to anger /rouse to anger 激怒/惹怒
mollification ◆ inflammation 缓和 ◆ 怒火
mollycoddle [] vt,溺爱 (a pampered or effeminate man or boy)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 叱责·示众=迁就·溺爱(程度)
(反)mollycoddle ◆ treat harshly 溺爱 ◆ 粗鲁的对待
molt [] n,v,换毛,脱皮(ecdysis)
(类)molt·bird=slough·snake 鸟换毛=蛇蜕皮
molt·feathers=shed·hair 脱毛掉羽毛=脱发掉头发
【注:to cast off some natural covering(as fur or skin)
例:the cat is shedding 猫正在脱毛】
(反)fledging ◆ molt 长羽毛 ◆ 换毛
momentous [] adj,极重要的(important,consequential)
(类)atrocious·bad=momentous·important 极坏的:坏的=极重要的:重要的
momentum [] n,势头,动力(a property of a moving body that the body has by virtue of its mass and motion and that is equal to the product of the body's mass and velocity)
(类)vacillate·swing=momentum·scutter 犹豫·动摇=动力·疾走(因果关系)
oscillation·swing=momentum·scooter 振荡·秋千=动力·划板(后者运动需要前者)
mongrel [] n,杂种,混血儿 adj,杂种的,混血儿的
(反)mongrel ◆ purebred 杂种的 ◆ 纯种的
monochromatic [] adj,单色的(having or consisting of one color or hue)
(反)iridescent ◆ monochromatic 彩色的 ◆ 单色的
chromatic ◆ colorless 彩色的 ◆ 无色的
monocle [] n.单片眼镜(an eyeglass for one eye)
(类)monocle·eye 单片眼镜·眼睛
monologue [] n,独白,独脚戏(soliloquy; a dramatic sketch performed by one actor)
(类)opera·aria=play·monologue 歌剧·独唱曲=戏剧·独白
monotone [] adj,单调的(monotonic)
(类)stammer·halting=drone·monotonous
结巴的说·犹豫=单调而低沉地说·单调的(行为及正特)
(反)monotonous ◆ piebald/ vociferous 单调的 ◆ 花斑的/嘈杂的
montage n,蒙太奇(the production of a rapid succession of images in a motion picture to illustrate an
association of ideas)
(类)zigzag·turns=montage·images 之字型·转弯=蒙太奇·图画(组成)
moratorium [] n,延期,暂缓施行(a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity)
(类)reprieve·punishment=moratorium·activity 缓刑是暂缓实施惩罚=延期是暂缓实施行为
fast·eat=moratorium·act 斋戒是暂停吃饭=延期是暂停行动
moratorium·activity=respite·labor=tourniquet·bleeding
延期是暂停活动=休息是暂停劳动=止血器使出血暂停(延期和正常)
morbid [·bid] adj,疾病的,病态的
(反)morbid ◆ hale/ salubrious/ wholesome 病态的 ◆ 健康的
morbid ◆ verdant 病态的 ◆ 青翠的
(记)谐音:毛病
mordant [] adj,讥讽的,尖酸的(biting and caustic in thought,manner,or style·incisive)
(反)mordant ◆ genial 尖酸的 ◆ 和蔼的
(同)caustic,scathing,trenchant
list 22 moribund --------- obsolete
moribund [] adj,即将结束的,垂死的(being in the state of dying·approaching death)
(反)moribund ◆ beginning/nascent 即将结束的 ◆ 开端/初生的
moribund ◆ increasingly vital 垂死的 ◆ 日益充满生机的
moribund ◆ current 垂死的 ◆ 现存的(occurring in or existing at the present time)
morose [] adj.脾气坏的,不高兴的 (having a sullen and gloomy disposition)
(反)morose ◆ cheerful/ jovial/ jocund/sanguine/ lighthearted
郁闷的 ◆ 高兴的/ 快活的/ 欢乐的/ 乐天的/ 快乐的
rejoiced ◆ morose 高兴的 ◆ 忧郁的
(同)sullen,crabbed,dour,gloomy,glum,saturnine,sulky,surly
mortgage [ ] v,抵押
(记)mort(死亡)+gage(= pledge抵押品)→以死亡作抵押
mortar [] n,小臼,乳钵(a strong vessel in which material is pounded/rubbed with a pestle)
(类)hammer·anvil=pestle·mortar 铁锤·铁砧=杵·小臼(配对工具)
mortar·grind=vat·dye 小臼:碾碎=染缸:染色(容器及其用途)
mosaic [] n.镶嵌图案(一种装饰品由某种材料拼成的图)
(类)mosaic·tile=image·pixel=jigsaw· piece
镶嵌图案·(装饰用)瓷砖=图象·象素=拼板玩具·板块(组成关系)
(记)音译:马赛克,意为瓷砖。
mosque [] n,清真寺(a building used for public worship by muslims)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 塔尖·教堂=尖塔·清真寺(顶和建筑物)
moth-eaten adj,虫蛀的,过时的
(反)moth-eaten ◆ fresh and new 虫蛀的,破旧的,过时的 ◆ 崭新的
motile [] adj,能动的,有自动力的(exhibiting or capable of movement)
(反)motility ◆ stasis 运动 ◆ 静止
motivate [] v,促使,激发(to provide with a motive·impel)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=motivational·stir 辩明无罪的·赦免=激发的·激动(行为及结果)
exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit 规劝·激励=痛骂·不信任(前者表达后者)
fungi·ecologist=motivation·psychologist 菌类·生态学者=行为的动机·心理学家
(同)provoke,excite,galvanize,innervate,innerve,move,pique,quicken,rouse,stimulate
(例)questions that excite and motivate youth
motley [] adj,杂色的,混杂的(variegated in colorcomposed of diverse elements)
(反)motley ◆ colorless/unique/ unvaried 杂色的 ◆ 无色的/唯一的,单色/没变化的
(同) variegated,dappled,discolor,multicolor,multihued,versicolored
mottle [] vt,使成杂色 (to mark with spots of different color or shades of color as if stained)
(类)striated·groove=mottled·spot 有条纹的·条纹=斑驳的·斑点(形修饰名)
(反)mottle ◆ blanch 使成杂色 ◆ 使变白
mottled ◆ homogenious/ solidary 斑驳的 ◆ 均匀的/ 一致的
motto [ ] n,座右铭
(类)epitaph·tombstone=motto·shield 墓志铭刻在墓碑上=座右铭刻在盾牌上
mournful [] adj,悲恸的,悲哀的(causing sorrow or melancholy:gloomy)
(反)jovial ◆ mournful 快活的 ◆ 悲恸的
revelry ◆ mournfulness 狂欢 ◆ 悲哀
movement [] n,乐章
(类)stanza·poem=movement·orchestra
诗节是诗歌写作的一种结构方式=乐章是管弦乐队演奏的一种结构方式
muddy [] adj,浑浊的,不明晰的(lacking in clarity or brightness:cloudy,dull)
(反)muddy ◆ clarity 浑浊的 ◆ 清晰
muffle [] vt,围裹(to wrap up so as to conceal or protect)压低声音(to deaden the sound of)
(类)muffle·sound=assuage·grief 压低声音·声音=缓和·悲痛
muffler·neck=mitten·hand 围巾·脖子=手套·手
【注】muffler,a scarf worn around the neck 围巾(也做消音器)
(反)muffled ◆ plangent/ resonant 声音低沉的 ◆ 轰鸣的/声音洪亮的
muggy [] adj,闷热的(warm and extremely humid)
(记)mug杯子,罐子 联想:闷在罐子里→闷热的
mulish [] adj,骡的,执拗的,顽固的(unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate)
(类)despicable·value=mulish·flexible 可鄙的·重要性=执拗的·灵活的 (反义)
(反)mulish ◆ flexible/pliant 顽固的 ◆ 灵活的/易受影响的
(同)obstinate,bullheaded,headstrong,refractory,self-willed,stiff-necked,stubborn,wrongheaded
mumble [] vt,vi,喃喃而语,咕哝(to utter with a low inarticulate voice)
(反)enunciate ◆ mumble (清楚地)表达 ◆ 咕哝
(同)murmur
(例)embarrassed,he mumbled an apology
mundane [] adj,尘世的,世俗的(worldly as opposed to spiritual); 平凡的( commonplace)
(反)mundane ◆ extraordinary/ exotic/unusual 平凡的 ◆ 非凡的/ 奇异的 /不寻常的
mundane ◆ spiritual / unearthly 世俗的 ◆ 精神的/ 非尘世的,怪异的
(同)commonplace,earthly,earthy,terrene,terrestrial,uncelestial,worldly
(例)the mundane concerns of day-to-day life
munificent [] adj,慷慨的,丰厚的(characterized by great liberality or generosity)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blasé 守财奴·慷慨的=热心者·厌烦于亨乐(反面特征)
(反)munificence ◆ stinginess 慷慨 ◆ 小气
(同)liberal,bounteous,freehanded,generous
mural [] adj,墙壁的n,壁画,壁饰(a mural work of art as a painting)
(类)petrography·rock=mural·wall 岩相学·岩石=壁画·墙 (事物及其对象)
murky [] adj,黑暗的,朦胧的(dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague)
(反)murky ◆ clear/ limpid/ pellucid 朦胧的 ◆ 清澈的,清晰的
murmur [] n,v,低语(a low indistinct but often continuous sound)
(类)croon·sing=murmur·speak 低声歌唱·歌唱=低声说话·说话
glimmer·dazzle=murmur·resound 闪光·受强光而目眩=低声说话·响亮地说出(程度)
musket [ ] n.步枪;早期火枪
(类)daguerreotype·photograph=musket·firearm 早期银板照相法·照相=早期火枪·火枪
mutate [] v,(使)改变(to cause to undergo change)
(反)mutate ◆ remain the same 改变 ◆ 不变
(同)transform,commute,metamorphose,transfigure,transmute
mute [] vt,减弱…的声音(to muffle,reduce,or eliminate the sound of)使柔和(to tone down:soften,subdue)
(类)muted·color=muffled·sound 使颜色柔和=使声音降低
(反)mute ◆ amplify 减弱声音 ◆ 扩大声音
mutiny [] n,叛变,兵变
mutter [] v,咕哝,嘀咕(to utter sounds or words indistinctly or with a low voice)
(类)mutter·indistinct=drone·monotonous 嘀咕·不清楚的=嗡嗡声·单调的(正面特征)
(反)mutter ◆ speak distinctly 说话嘀咕不清楚 ◆ 说话清楚
myopic [] adj,近视的,缺乏远见的(a lack of foresight or discernment)
(反)myopic ◆ discerning 缺乏远见的 ◆ 有辨别力的
myopia ◆ prescience 短见 ◆ 预见
(例)so myopic that he used glasses even to read
myriad [] adj,无数的,大量的(having innumerable aspects or elements)
(类)myriad·number=everlasting·duration 无数的·数字=永恒的·持续时间
(反)myriad ◆ few/scarce/scanty 无数的 ◆ 很少的/缺乏的
nadir [] n,最低点(the lowest point)
(反)nadir ◆ summit/acme 最低点 ◆ 顶点
nadir ◆ topmost point 最低点 ◆ 最高点
nag [ ] v,不断找岔,抱怨(to annoy by constant scolding,complaining,or urging)
naive [] adj,天真的,纯朴的(deficient in worldly wisdom or informed judgment; credulous)
(类)guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡诈·天真=拖拉·迅速
(反)worldly ◆ na?ve 世故的 ◆ 纯朴的
narcissism [] n,自恋(love of or sexual desire for one's own body)
(类)narcissist·self absorbed=sycophant·obsequious 自恋者·自我迷恋的=马屁精·谄媚的
narcissism·love=guilt·blame 自恋是爱自己=自责是谴责自己
nascent [] adj,新生的(coming or having recently come into existence)
(反)fully established 完全确立的 moribund将死的 mature 成熟的
natty [] adj,整洁的,时髦的(trimly neat and tidy·smart)
(反)natty ◆ sloppy/ slovenly 整洁的 ◆ 邋遢的
nauseate [] v,使厌恶,使作呕(to feel disgust)
(类)vertigo·nauseate= treat·cure 眩晕·恶心=治疗·痊愈(动作及其结果)
nautical [ ] adj,海员的,航海的
(类)astrolabe·nautical=colander·culinary 星盘·航海的=滤器·厨房用的
naysay [] n,拒绝(denial,refusal)
(反)concur ◆ naysay 同意 ◆ 拒绝
nebulous [] adj,模糊的(indistinct,vague),星云的
(反)nebulous ◆ distinct/ unambiguous/ clear cut 模糊的 ◆ 明显的/ 明确的/ 清楚的
(记)nebul(云)参考:nebula 星云
needy [] adj,贫困的(being in want)
(反)affluent ◆ needy 富有的 ◆ 贫困的
nefarious [] adj.违法的,邪恶的(flagrantly wicked or impious·evil)
(类)nefarious·wickedness=generous·liberality 邪恶的·邪恶=慷慨的·心胸开阔 (同义)
(反)nefarious ◆ above reproach/virtuous/ beneficial/ exemplary
邪恶的 ◆ 无可指责的/品德高尚的/ 仁慈的/ 模范的
negation [] n,否定,拒绝(a negative statement,judgment,or doctrine)
(反)negation ◆ affirmation 否定 ◆ 肯定
negligence [] n,疏忽(the quality or state of being not taking prudent care)
(反)negligence ◆ care 疏忽 ◆ 注意
negligible[] adj,可以忽略的,微不足道的
neologism [] n,新语(a new word,usage,or expression)
(反)neologism ◆ archaism/ well-established expression 新语 ◆ 古语/ 旧表达法
(记)neo新 参考:neolithic新石器时代的neophyte新手neonate新生儿
negotiate [] vi,商议,谈判
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations 堵塞·下水道=僵局·谈判 (事物及其特殊状态)
negotiator·agreement= mediation·compromise 谈判者·协议=调停者·妥协(目的)
(反)tenacious ◆ negotiable 固执的 ◆ 可商量的
neophyte [] n.初学者,新信徒(a new convert·proselyte)
(类)inexperience·neophyte=irresponsibility·wastrel
无经验·新信徒,开始者=不承担责任的人·败家子
neophyte·experience=boor·sensitivity 新信徒无阅历=粗野的人不敏感
nepotism [] n.裙带关系,偏袒亲属(favoritism as in appointment to a job based on
kinship)
(类)nepotism·relative=cronyism·friend 裙带关系·亲戚=任人唯亲·朋友(动宾)
nepotism·kinship=jingoist·nationality裙带关系是不正常爱亲戚=沙文主义是不正常爱国家
nerve [] vt,鼓起勇气(to give strength or courage to ) n,神经,胆量
(反)appall ◆ nerve 使胆寒 ◆ 鼓起勇气
nervy ◆ diffident 有勇气的 ◆ 缺乏自信的
nettle [] v,烦忧,激恼(to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger)
(反)nettle ◆ conciliate/ mollify 激怒 ◆ 安抚
neutralize [] v.中和,使失效
(类)sooth·angerneutralize·acid抚慰消除愤怒=中和消除酸性
nicety n准确,精确;精致
(类)nicety·precision=illusion·fantasy准确对准确=幻想对幻想(同义)
nexus [] n,连结;核心(connection,link; a connected group or series; center,focus)
(反)nexus ◆ disconnected components 相互连结的一组,一系列 ◆ 不连贯的成分
nexus ◆ trivial point 核心 ◆ 微不足道的问题
nibble [] v,小口咬(to eat or chew in small bits)
(类)quaff·sip=gobble·nibble 痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·小口咬
nihilism [] n,虚无主义,极端怀疑论
(记)nihil(无,虚无) 参考:annihilate消灭,歼灭
nil [] n.,零(NOTHING,ZERO)
(类)nil·quantity=vacuum·matter 零没有数量=真空没有:物质
nip [] v,一口饮酒(to take liquor in nips)
(类)nip·eat=jot·write 小口饮酒·吃=略记·写(程度)
nitpick [] v,挑剔,吹毛求疵
(类)fluent·glib=meticulous·nitpick/finicky
流利的·口齿伶俐的=很仔细的·吹毛求疵/苛求的(褒贬程度)
nitpick·criticize=cavil·object 吹毛求疵·批评=苛责·反对(过分的后者导致前者)
nitpicker·criticize=preacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
吹毛求疵者·责备=传教士·布道=吹毛求疵的人·吹毛求疵(正面特征)
nocturnal [] adj,夜间发生的,夜曲的(of,relating to,or occurring in the night)
(反)nocturnal ◆ happen during daytime/ diurnal 夜间发生的 ◆ 白天发生的/ 每日的,昼间的
(记)noc=(knock敲)联想:半夜敲门
noisome [] adj,有害的,有毒的(noxious,harmful) 恶臭的(offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of smell) 非常讨厌的(highly obnoxious or objectionable)
(反)noisome ◆ appealing/ pleasant 令人讨厌的 ◆ 有吸引力的/令人愉快的
noisome ◆ attractively fragrant 恶臭的 ◆ 具有迷人香味的
noisome ◆ beneficial/ healthy 有害的 ◆ 有益的/令人愉快的/健康的
nomad [] n,流浪者,游牧民(a member of a people who have no fixed residence)
(类)nomad·domicile=freelancer·employer 游牧民无固定住所=自由作家无顾主
(反)nomadic ◆ settled 游牧的 ◆ 定居的
nomenclature [] n,名称,术语,专门名词
nominal [] adj,名义上的,不重要的(trifling,insignificant)
(类)nominal·significance=disjunctive·unity 有名无实的缺乏重要性=分离的缺乏统一
(记)nomin(名称)参考:nominate提名,任命
nonchalant [] adj,冷漠的(having an air of easy unconcern or indifference)
(类)anonymous·identify=nonchalant·excite 匿名的难以识别=冷漠的难以激动
nondescript [] adj,没有特征的,平凡的(lacking distinctive or interesting qualities)
(反)nondescript ◆ conspicuous/ remarkable/striking 平凡的 ◆ 引人注目的/非凡的/惊人的
nonentity [] n,不存在,不重要之人(a person of little consequence or significance)
(类)dilettante·commitment=nonentity·consequence
业余爱好者缺乏义务=不重要之人缺乏重要性
(反)mogul ◆ nonentity 显要人物 ◆ 不重要的人
nonplus [] vt,使困惑,使进退两难(to put at a loss as to what to do;bewilder)
(类)infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)
nonsense [] n,胡言乱语(words having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 胡言乱语的·胡言乱语=虚夸的·夸大的言词
nostalgia [] n,思乡病;恋旧,怀旧
(记)nost(家)+alg痛 →想家想到心痛→思乡病
nostrum [ ] n,秘方
notch [] vt,刻痕(to cut or make a notcha usually v-shaped depression in an edge or surface)
(反)serrated ◆ without notches 齿状的 ◆ 没有刻痕的
(例)There was a notch,早”in the table of Luxun.
notoriety [ ] 声名狼藉,恶名昭彰(the quality or condition of being notorious; ill fame)
novelty [] n,新奇(something new or unusual)
(类)threadbare/timeworn·novelty=labyrinthine·directness 陈旧的·新奇事物=曲折的·笔直
ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 民歌·节,段=小说·章;回 (组成关系)
(反)novel ◆ banal/ timeworn 新颖的 ◆ 陈腐的/ 陈旧的
noxious [] adj,有害的,有毒的(physically harmful or destructive to living beings)
(反)noxious ◆ beneficial/salubrious 有害的 ◆ 有益的/有益健康的
(例)noxious wastes that poison our streams
nuance [] n,细微的差异(a subtle distinction or variation)
(类)nuance·distinction=hint·suggestion 细微差异·差别=暗示·显示 (程度)
(反)nuance ◆ patent difference/ lack of subtlety/ sharp distinction/ patent
细微的差异 ◆ 明显的差别/ 缺乏精妙/ 明显的差别/ 明显的
nucleate [] v,使…聚集成核(to form into a nucleus)
(反)nucleate ◆ disseminate/ scatter 聚集成核 ◆ 散布/ 分散
nudge [] n,v,用肘轻推,引起注意(seek the attention of by a push of the elbow)
(类)doze·sleep=nudge·prod 瞌睡·睡觉=轻推·推动 (程度)
butt·head=nudge·elbow 以头抵撞·头=用肘轻推·肘 (动作及其身体部位)
nullify [ ] v,使无效;废除;抵消
(记)null(零,空) 参考:nullity无效
nugatory [] adj,无关紧要的(of little or no consequence;trifling,inconsequential)
(反)nugatory ◆ consequential 无关紧要的 ◆ 重要的
nurture [] vt,抚育,给…营养(to supply with nourishment)
(类)nurture·child··cultivate·crop 抚育:小孩=培养:农作物
(反)nurture ◆ withhold sustenance from 提供营养物 ◆ 停止提供营养物
nurture ◆ impede/ stunt 抚育 ◆ 阻止/阻碍生长
disregard ◆ nurture 忽略,漠视 ◆ 培育,教育
oasis [] n,沙漠绿洲 (a fertile or green area in an arid region as a desert)
(类)glade·wood=oasis·desert 林间空地·树林=绿洲·沙漠
oath [] n,誓言,宣誓(solemn promise)
(类)oath·promise=contract·agreement 誓言·允诺=合同·协议(前者比后者正式)
(例)something as a promise corroborated by an oath
obdurate [] adj,固执的,执拗的(resistant to persuasion or softening influences);冷酷的
(类)energetic·frenetic=firm·obdurate=frugal·penurious
精力旺盛的·狂乱的=坚定的·顽固的=节俭的·吝啬的(褒贬程度)
firmness·obdurate=carefulness·meticulous
坚定·执迷不悟的=仔细的·谨小慎微的(褒贬程度)
penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过者·顽固的=怀疑者·轻信的(不容易)
obdurate·budge=lachrymose·cheer 固执的·移动=爱哭的·欢呼
obdurate·move=irrepressible·quell 冷酷无情的难以打动=镇压不住的难以镇压
(反)obdurate ◆ amenable/ complaisant/flexible/pliable 执拗的 ◆ 温顺的
toward ◆ obdurate 和顺的 ◆ 顽固的
【注:toward,propitious,favoring 顺利的,和顺的 例a toward breeze 和顺的微风】
obedient [] adj,服从的,顺从的(submissive to the restraint or command of authority)
(反)obedient ◆ contumacious/ imperial 顺从的 ◆ 顽固的/最高权力的
obeisance [] n,鞠躬,敬礼(a movement of the body made in token of 表示respect or submission)
(类)obeisant·esteem=embrace·affection 鞠躬·尊敬=拥抱·爱 (行为及其表达内容)
(反)obeisant ◆ impertinent/ impudent/ imperious 恭敬的 ◆ 不礼貌的/放肆无礼的/专横的
(同)bow,honor,deference,homage,reverence
obfuscate [] v,使困惑,使迷惑(to make obscure)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=perplexity·obfuscate 懦弱容易被胁迫=困惑容易被迷惑
(反)obfuscate ◆ demystify/ elucidate/ illuminate/ clarify / explain clearly 使迷惑 ◆ 澄清,阐明
(反)obfuscated/ obfusticated ◆ lucid 困惑的 ◆ 清晰的
(同)obscure,adumbrate,becloud,befog,darken,dim,gloom
(记)ob(强调)+fusc(=dark黑暗)+ate→黑暗中摸索→迷惑,困惑参考:confuse 使糊涂 fuscous暗褐色的
obituary [] n,讣告(a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account)
(类)roster·staff=obituary·death 花名册记录职员=讣告记录死亡
objectionable a,该反对的,有异议的,讨厌的
objective n,目标,宗旨(an aim,goal,or end of action);客观的
obligatory [] adj,强制性的,必须的(binding in law or conscience; mandatory,required)
(反)obligatory ◆ discretionary/ selective/ elective 强制性的 ◆ 自由选择的
(记)来自 oblige v,迫使 参考:obligation义务
obliging [] adj,乐于助人的(willing to do favors)
(类)visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging
空想的·空想主义的=好管闲事的·乐于助人的(褒贬)
(同)amiable,complaisant,good-humored,good-natured,good-tempered,lenient,mild
(记)由obligation“义务”而来。由被迫和义务转为乐于助人大家不要奇怪,汉语也有这样的用法,
如:义务为大家修车。不是被迫而是出于乐于助人。
oblique [] adj,倾斜的,间接的(not straightforward:indirect)
(反)oblique ◆ direct 倾斜的 ◆ 笔直的
(记)ob(不)+ lique(谐音:立刻)→不立刻→不直接→间接的
obliterate [] v,涂掉,删除(to remove from existence)
(类)inspire·infuse=obliterate·remove 鼓舞·鼓舞=删除·除去(同义)
ineffable·description=irradicable·obliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除
inexpurgate ◆ obliterate 无法除去 ◆ 除去
(同)erase,efface,expunge,wipe (out)
(记)ob(=over在…之上)+liter(=letter字母)→在字母之上覆盖东西→涂掉,删掉
oblivious [] adj,健忘的,忘记的(lacking remembrance,memory,or mindful attention)
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect 博学的·看穿=健忘的·忽略(正面特征)
【注】fathom,v,to penetrate and come to understand 看穿,看透
例如:He couldn't fathom the problem 他不能看透这个问题
(反)oblivious ◆ mindful/ vigilant 缺乏注意的 ◆ 留意的/机警的
oblivious ◆ cognizant 忘记的 ◆ 知晓的(fully informed)
(同)ignorant,incognizant,inconversant,unacquainted,unaware,uninformed
(例)She was oblivious to our warnings,她忘了我们的提醒
(记)ob(不)+livi(=live活跃的)→大脑不活跃的→健忘的,忘记的
oblivion [ ] n,被遗忘的状态,湮没无闻
obloquy [] n,谩骂,诽谤(abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny)
(反)adulation ◆ obloquy 奉承 ◆ 漫骂
(同)abuse,contumely,invective,scurrility,vituperation
obscure [] adj,暗的,模糊的,无名的(not clearly seen or easily distinguished)v,使模糊
(反)obscure ◆ explicit/ manifest 模糊的 ◆ 明晰的/明显的
obscure ◆ elucidate 使含糊 ◆ 阐明
legendary ◆ obscure 有名的 ◆ 无名的
obscurity ◆ celebrity 默默无闻的 ◆ 名人
obscurity ◆ clarity 模糊 ◆ 清晰
certitude ◆ obscurity 确实 ◆ 含糊
(同)faint,dark,vague,enigmatic,cryptic,ambiguous,equivocal
obsequious [] adj,谄媚的,奉承的,顺从的(marked by or a fawning attentiveness)
(类)condescending·patronize=obsequious·fawn 屈尊的· 屈尊=顺从的·巴结(形动同义)
sycophantic·obsequious=rebellious·resurgent阿谀的·奉承的=反叛的·起义的(同义)
obsequious·fawn=compliant·yield 奉承的·巴结=顺从的·屈服 (正面特征)
obsequious·attentiveness=parsimonious·frugality 献媚的·关心的=吝啬·节俭(褒贬)
(反)supercilious ◆ obsequious 傲慢的 ◆ 顺从的
(同)subservient,menial,obeisant,servile
observatory [] n,天文台
(类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology=observatory·astronomy
音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学
obsess [] vt,迷住;使困窘,使烦扰(to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of)
(类)agonized·distress=obsessed·concern 极大痛苦的·苦恼=困扰的·关心(程度)
firm·intransigent=concerned·obsessed 坚定的·不妥协的=担心的·关心的(程度)
obsessed·attracted=rash·adventurous 着迷的·被吸引的=轻率的·冒险的(程度)
obsessed·attracted=intimate·close 着迷的·被吸引的=亲密的·接近的(程度)
(反)obsession ◆ intense disgust 迷住 ◆ 极度厌恶
obsolete [ ] adj,废弃的,淘汰的;过时的,老式的
list 23 obstinate -------parrot
obstinate [] adj,固执的,倔强的(perversely adhering to an opinion,purpose,or course)
(类)unflappable·upset=obstinate·persuade 镇定的·使慌乱=倔强的·说服 (不容易被)
firm· obstinate=supple·spineless=thin·emaciated
坚定·顽固=顺从的·没有骨气的=瘦的·瘦弱的(褒贬)
(反)obstinacy ◆ tractability 固执 ◆ 温顺
obstinate ◆ tractable 固执的 ◆ 温顺的
(同)bullheaded,closed-minded,hardheaded,headstrong,intractable,intransigent,mulish,pertinacious,perverse,pervicacious,refractory,stubborn,unpliable,unpliant,unyielding
obstreperous [] 不听话的,任性的(stubbornly resistant to control;unruly);吵闹的
(反)disciplined守纪律的
obstruct [] v,阻碍,阻塞(to hinder from passage,action,or operation)
(反)obstruct ◆ facilitate 阻碍 ◆ 促进
occluded ◆ unobstructed 闭塞的 ◆ 开放的
obstructed ◆ unocclude 阻塞的 ◆ 开放的
abet ◆ obstruct 教唆 ◆ 阻止
obstructionist ◆ one who facilitates 防碍者 ◆ 促进者
(同)hinder,bar,block,brake,dam,impede,overslaugh
obtuse [] adj,愚笨的,不锐利的(lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect)
(类)impertinent·propriety=keen·obtuseness 鲁莽的·适当=敏锐的·迟钝(形名反义)
(反)obtuse ◆ insightful 愚笨的 ◆ 有深刻见解的
obviate [] vt,除去,排除(to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary)
(类)emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 效仿·可效仿的=除去·不必要的
obviate·unnecessary =reduce·smaller 排除使不必要=减少使更小(行为及其结果)
occlude [] vt,阻塞,闭塞(to close up or block off:obstruct)
(反)occluded ◆ unobstructed 闭塞的 ◆ 不闭塞的
obstructed ◆ unocclude 阻碍的 ◆ 不阻塞的
(同)choke,clog,close,congest,obstruct
occult [] adj,神秘的,不可思议的(not easily apprehended or understood)
(反)occult ◆ bare/ manifest/ patent/ readily fathomable
神秘的 ◆ 暴露的/ 明显的/ 明显的/ 可理解的
(同)recondite,abstruse,esoteric,hermetic,profound,secret
ode [] n,颂诗,赋(a lyric poem marked by exaltation of feeling and style,varying length of line,
and complexity of stanza forms)
(类)chord·tone=ode·poem 和弦·曲调=颂诗·诗 (种属)
ode·poetry=spoof·parody 颂诗·诗=讽刺诗·讽刺作品
odium [] n,憎恶,讨厌(hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or contempt)
(反)odium ◆ esteem/ hankering / infatuation 憎恨 ◆ 迷恋/ 渴望/ 着迷
(同)detestation disgrace,discredit,disesteem,dishonor,disrepute,ignominy,infamy,obloquy,opprobrium
offbeat [] adj,不平常的,离奇的(eccentric,unconventional)
(反)offbeat ◆ conventional 反传统的 ◆ 传统的
offbeat ◆ bathetic/ hackneyed 离奇的 ◆ 平庸的
offhand [] adj,即席的,无准备的(without premeditation or preparation·extempore)
(反)offhand ◆ premeditated 即兴的 ◆ 事先谋划的
(同)extemporary,extempore,impromptu,improvised
officious [] adj.多管嫌事的,好忠告人的(meddlesome)
(类)attentive·officious=refined·snobbish 留意的·多管闲事的=雅致的·俗不可耐的
officious·meddle=disaffected·rebel 多管闲事的·干涉=有叛意的·背叛
visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging 空想的·空想主义的=多管闲事的·乐于助人的
officious·attentive=parsimony·frugal 多管闲事的·留意的=吝啬·节俭(褒贬程度)
offish [] adj,冷淡的(somewhat cold and reserved·standoffish)
(反)offish ◆ sociable 冷漠的 ◆ 友善的
(同)aloof,insociable,reserved,solitary,standoffish,unapproachable,withdrawn
off-key adj,走调的(varying in pitch from the proper tone of a melody)不规则的(irregular)
(反)off-key ◆ at the proper pitch 走调的 ◆ 调子正确的
offset [ ] v,抵消,弥补(to counterbalance,counteract,or compensate for)
(记)fringe benefits designed to offset low salaries,用以补偿低工资的额外福利
olfaction [] n,嗅觉(the sense of smell)
(类)olfaction·odor=gustation·flavor 嗅觉能闻到气味=味觉能品尝滋味
oligarch [ ] n,寡头政治执政者
ominous [] adj.预兆的,恶兆的,不吉利的(being or exhibiting an omen:portentous; especially:
foreboding or foreshowing evil:inauspicious)
(反)auspicious ◆ ominous 吉兆的 ◆ 不吉利的
(同)apocalyptic,baleful,baneful,inauspicious,threatening,unpropitious
omniscient [] adj,全知的,无所不知的(having infinite awareness/understanding/ insight)
(反)vacuous ◆ omniscient 空洞的 ◆ 全知的
onerous [] adj,繁重的,费力的(involving,imposing,or constituting a burden:troublesome)
(反)onerous ◆ requiring little effort 费力的 ◆ 省力气的
opaque [] adj,不透明的(exhibiting opacity),难懂的
(类)slack·tension=opaque·translucence 松弛的·拉紧=不透明的·半透明(形名反义)
opacity·light=impermeability·fluid=nonporous·liquid
不透明·光线=不可渗透·流体=无孔的·液体(不可穿越关系)
(反)opacity ◆ clarity/diaphanous/transparency 不透明 ◆ 透明
opaqueness ◆ clarity 不透明性 ◆ 透明
(同)obscure,ambiguous,equivocal,nubilous,uncertain,unintelligible,vague
(记)谐音:欧佩克 联想:欧佩克石油组织生产石油,由石油推出“不透明的”
opine [] vt,表达观点(to express opinions)
(类)augur·predict=pundit·opine= recidivism·relapse
占卜师·预言=权威·表达观点=重犯·再发(正面特征)
opportune [] adj,合适的,适当的(suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence)
(类)opportune·convenience=impermanent·transience 适当的·方便=短暂的·顷刻
(反)opportune ◆ inappropriate/inconvenient/ untimely 适当的 ◆ 不适当的/不便的/不合时宜的
(派)opportunistic a,机会主义的,投机取巧的
opprobrious [] adj,无礼的,粗野的(expressive of opprobrium·scurrilous)
(反)opprobrious ◆ irreproachable 无礼的 ◆ 无过失的
opprobrium ◆ good repute 不名誉 ◆ 好名声
(同)invective,scurrile,scurrilous,vituperative
oppugn [ ] vt,责难,反驳,质疑
oracle [] n,神谕(a person through whom a deity is believed to speak)
(类)mentor·guidance=oracle·prophecy 导师·指导=神谕·预言
(同)revelation,apocalypse,prophecy,vision
oration [] n,演说,致辞(an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified manner)
(类)oration·heard=novel·read 演说·能听到=小说·能读
ordeal [] n,苦难经历,折磨煎熬(a severe trial or experience)
orient [] vt,使适应,确定方向(get one's bearings);adj,上升的
(反)orient ◆ confuse 确定方向 ◆ 使迷惑
original [] adj,最初的,原始的,有创意的(not secondary,derivative,or imitative)
(类)babble·sense=parrot·originality 胡言乱语缺乏理性=鹦鹉学舌缺乏创新
(反)original ◆ commonplace/ banal/trite 有创意的 ◆ 普通的/陈腐的
pastiche ◆ original work 仿作 ◆ 原创
(同)inventive,creative,deviceful,ingenious,innovational
ornithology [] n,鸟类学(a branch of zoology dealing with birds)
(类)ornithology·eagle=astronomy·planet 鸟类学·鹰=天文学·行星
orthodoxy [] n,信仰正统,正教(quality of being conforming to established doctrine)
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy
信仰·虔诚=正统经典·信仰正统(后者致力于前者)
【注:devout:devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises】
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 反对者脱离正统=特立独行者脱离团体
oscillate [] v,使振动,使动摇;犹豫(vary between opposing beliefs,feelings,or theories)
(反)oscillate ◆ remain static 振动 ◆ 静止
oscillation ◆ absence of variation 犹豫 ◆ 不变
(同)swing,pendulate,sway
ossify [] v.硬化,僵化(to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change)
(类)depreciation·value=ossification·flexibility 贬值·重要=僵化·灵活 (反义)
ligneous·wood=osseous·bone 木质的:木头=骨质的:骨头
(反)ossified ◆ amenable to change 僵化的 ◆ 顺应变化的
ossify ◆ make pliant 硬化 ◆ 使柔软
ossify ◆ transcend conventions 僵化 ◆ 超越传统
ostentatious [] adj,卖弄的,夸耀的(marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display)
(反)ostensible ◆ inapparent 明显的 ◆ 不明显的
ostentation ◆ artlessness/ austerity/ modesty  卖弄 ◆ 朴实/ 朴素/ 谦逊
ostentatious ◆ modest 卖弄的 ◆ 谦让的
(同)showy,flamboyant,pretentious,splashy
ostracize [ ] n,贝壳放逐,排斥(exclusion by general consent from common privileges)
(类)pariah·ostracize=prisoner·confine 贱民被驱逐=囚犯被囚禁
(反)ostracize ◆ take in 驱逐 ◆ 接纳
ostracize ◆ include/embrace/ welcome 排斥 ◆ 包容/包含/欢迎
(记)与oyster(牡蛎)同源ostra(贝壳、瓦片);古希腊将贝壳作为选票来决定是否驱逐某人
oust [] vt,剥夺,驱逐(to remove from or dispossess of property by legal action or force)
(反)instate ◆ oust 任命 ◆ 剥夺
(同)deprive,bereave,dispossess,divest
outfit n,整套服装(a set of clothing,often with accessories);全套装备
(类)trade·carpentry=clothing·outfit 职业·木工=服装·整套服装(种属)
【注:trade,an occupation,especially one requiring skilled labor,职业,尤指需要技术的】
(例)The football team were wearing orange outfits,
这个足球队的队员穿着清一色的橘黄色运动服。
outgoing [] a dj,外向的,爱社交的(openly friendly and responsive·extroverted)
(类)extrovert·outgoing=perfectionist·exacting
性格外向者·外向的=追求完美者·要求苛刻的(正面特征)
outlandish [] adj,古怪的,奇异的(strikingly out of the ordinary:bizarre)
(反)outlandish ◆ conventional 古怪的 ◆ 常规的
outmaneuver [] v,以策略制胜;智取(to maneuver with better effect than; outwit)
(反)outmaneuver ◆ yield 智取 ◆ 屈服
outset [] n.开端,开始(beginning,start)
(反)outset ◆ termination 开端 ◆ 终止
outspoken [] adj,直言的,坦率的,毫无保留地表示的
outstrip [] v,超过,胜出
(例)overtake and outstrip赶上并超过
outwit [] v,瞒骗,以智取胜(to get the better of by superior cleverness)
(类)taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 逗弄目的是刺激=谋划目的是以智取胜
ovation [ ] n,热烈鼓掌,欢呼
overbearing [] adj,傲慢的(harshly and haughtily arrogant)
(反)overbearing ◆ meek/ unassuming 傲慢的 ◆ 谦逊的
overlap [] vt,重叠,重复(to occupy the same area in part:lap over)
(类)infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无限的·穷尽=离散的·重叠 (形动反义)
inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不协调的·一致的=分散的·重叠的(反义)
overly [] ad,过度地,极度地
(例)overly protective,过度防护的
override [ ] v,凌驾,不理会,撤销,不顾
(派)overriding adj,1.压倒一切的,首要的 2.盛气凌人的,傲慢的
overrule [ ] v,驳回,否决;统治,支配(to rule over)
oversight [ ] n,疏忽,失察;监督,照管
(例)The oversight is not imputable to the person on the night shift.
这个疏忽不能怪值夜班的人。
overt [] adj.公开的,非秘密的(open to view:manifest)
(类)clandestine·secretly=overt·openly 秘密的·秘密地=公然的·公然地 (形副同义)
(反)shadowy ◆ overt 朦胧的 ◆ 明显的
overture [] n,前奏曲,序曲(something introductory·prelude)
(类)overture/ preamble·introduction=caveat·warning/cautionary 序曲·介绍=警戒·警告
overture·symphony=preface·book 序曲·交响乐=前言·书(事物的开始)
overture·opera=preamble·statute 序曲·歌剧=导言·.法令
(反)coda ◆ overture 乐章结尾 ◆ 前奏
(同)introduction,foreword,preamble,preface,prelude,prologue
oxymoron [·] n,矛盾修饰法(a combination of contradictory or incongruous words)
(类)apophasis·claim=oxymoron·paradox 委婉表述与表述有关=矛盾修饰法与矛盾有关
oxymoron·contradictory=mishap·catastrophic 矛盾修饰法·矛盾的=不幸·灾难的
equivocation·ambiguous=oxymoron·incongruous
模棱两可的话·暧昧的=矛盾修饰法·不调和的(正面特征)
pachyderm [] n,厚皮类动物,迟钝的人
(类)pachyderm·animal=ant·insect 厚皮类动物·动物=蚂蚁·昆虫(种属)
(例)as an elephant,a rhinoceros,or a pig
(记)词根derm 真皮,皮肤
pacify [] vt,使平静,安慰(to allay the anger or agitation of·soothe)
(类)solace·grief=pacification·anger 安慰·痛楚=平定·愤怒 (消除关系)
(反)pacify ◆ incite/ rankle/ tantrum/ vex 安慰 ◆ 煽动/ 激怒/ 发怒/ 恼怒
discompose ◆ pacificate 使不安 ◆ 使镇静
pacific ◆ truculent 和平的 ◆ 好战的
(同)soothe,pacify,appease,ease,mollify
(例)pacify a crying child
pack [] n,一群(a group of often predatory animals of the same kind)
(类)orchestra·musician=pack·wolf 管弦乐队·音乐家=狼群·狼 (团体与个体)
padding [] n,填塞物(material with which something is padded)
(类)padding·damage=disguise·recognition 填塞物·损伤=假面目·认识(防止关系)
padding·damage=levee·flooding 填塞物·损伤=防洪堤坝·洪水(防止关系)
paean [] n,赞美歌(a joyous song or hymn of praise,tribute,thanksgiving,or triumph)
(类)paean·song=elegy·poem 赞美歌·歌=挽诗·诗(种属)
paean·joy=dirge·grief 赞美歌表达欢乐=挽歌表达悲痛
(反)paean ◆ harshly lampoon 赞歌 ◆ 讽刺文章
painstaking [] adj,艰苦的(taking pains)
(类)pain·analgesic=symptom·palliative 痛苦·止痛的=症状·减轻的
(反)cursory ◆ painstakingly thorough 粗略的 ◆ 十分详尽的
slipshod ◆ painstaking 漫不经心的 ◆ 艰苦的
palatable [] adj.美味的(agreeable to the palate or taste)
(类)palatable·savory=discernible·manifest 美味的·可口的=可分辨的·明显的
(同)palatable,appetizing,savory,tasty,toothsome
(例)butterflies that birds find palatable
palatial [] adj,宫殿般的,豪华的(magnificent)
(类)hovel·palatial=city(metropolis)·bucolic
小屋·豪华的=城市(大城市)·田园生活的(反面特征)
(同)luxurious,deluxe,sumptuous
(记)来自palace 宫殿
palette [] n,调色板,颜料(a particular range,quality,or use of color)
(类)palette·color=repertoire·play 调色板·颜色=节目单·节目(前者安排后者)
pall [] v,感到腻烦,失去兴趣(to lose in interest or attraction)
(反)pall ◆ interest/intrigue 失去兴趣 ◆ 激发兴趣
(同)bore,ennui,tire,weary
palliate [] v,减轻(痛苦)(to reduce the violence of (a disease))
(类)palliate·anger=enfeeble·vigor 减轻·愤怒=使衰弱·精力(动宾关系)
symptom·palliative=pain·analgesic 病症·减轻的=疼痛·止痛的(消除)
(反)palliate ◆ exacerbate/worsen/increase intensity 减轻 ◆ 加剧/恶化/增加强度
caustic ◆ palliating/genial 讽刺的 ◆ 缓和的/和蔼的
(同)extenuate,prettify,sugarcoat,varnish,veneer
pallid [] adj,苍白的(面色)(having an abnormally pale complexion)
(反)rubicund红润的/ piquant 兴奋的
(同)pale,ashen,ashy,blanched,colorless,
palmy [] adj,繁荣的(marked by prosperity)
(类)palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=苛刻的·严格(形名同义)
(同)flourishing,prosperous
palpable [] adj,可触知的,明显的,易觉察的(easily perceived)
(类)palpable·touch=pliable·mold 可触知的·触摸=柔韧的·塑造
(反)palpable ◆ explicate/subtle 明显的 ◆ 隐晦的/细微的
impalpable ◆ clear 不易察觉的 ◆ 清楚的
(同)perceptible,appreciable,detectable,discernible
(例)i cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder.
palter [] vi,欺骗(to act insincerely or deceitfully)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 欺骗·诚挚=顽固·移动(反面特征)
【注:budge,to alter a position or attitude:改变立场或态度】
(反)palter ◆ candor 欺骗 ◆ 坦率
(同)lie,equivocate,falsify,fib,prevaricate
paltry [] adj,无价值的;微不足道的(practically worthless; trifling)
(反)paltry ◆ significant/important 微不足道的 ◆ 意义重大的/重要的
(同)petty,measly,piddling,puny,trifling,trivial,
(例)This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.
pan [] vt.【口语】严厉批评 (to criticize unfavorably,as in reviewing)
(类)pan·harsh=barb·caustic 严厉批评·严厉的=尖锐的批评·严厉的(同义)
(反)rave 过分赞扬 eulogize称赞 extol称赞
panacea [ ] n,治百病之灵药,万灵药
panache [] n,羽饰;假威风,炫耀(dash or flamboyance in style)
(反)panache ◆ humility 炫耀 ◆ 谦逊
panache ◆ unremarkable behavior 炫耀 ◆ 寻常举止
panache ◆ dullness 华丽 ◆ 缺乏光彩(dull:lacking brilliance or luster)
panel [ ] n,画板,版画;仪表盘;讨论小组
(类)quartet·singer=triptych·panel 四重唱·歌手=三张相连的版画·版画(组成关系)
【注】triptych:a work consisting of three painted or carved panels
pancreas [] n,胰腺
(类)insulin·pancreas=bile·liver 胰岛素·胰腺=胆汁·肝脏(分泌关系)
pandemic [] adj,全国流行的
(反)pandemic ◆ limited 流行的 ◆ 限制的
(记)pan(前缀,表示“全,总,泛”)+dem(=people)→全体人民→全国流行的
pandemonium [] n,喧哗吵闹(wild uproar or noise)
(反)pandemonium ◆ serene 喧嚣 ◆ 安静
(同)din,hubbub,jangle,racket,tumult,uproar
(记)pan(全部)+demon(魔鬼)→群魔乱舞→喧哗,吵闹
pander [ ] vi,(to)迎合
(例)He refused to pander to nostalgia and escapism
他拒绝迎合怀旧心理和逃避主义
panegyric [] n,赞扬,夸大的颂词(a eulogistic oration or writing)
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词·称颂=讽刺文章·讽刺 (前者表达后者)
panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell 颂词·赞扬=临别致词·告别 (前者表达后者)
(反)anathema诅咒 denunciation谴责 condemnation谴责
(同)encomium,citation,eulogy,salutation,tribute
(例)the modest hero blushed to hear the speakers delivering panegyrics about his valorous act.
(记)pan (全)+egyric(集市)→在公众集会上演说正式的颂扬性文章→赞扬,颂词
panoramic [] n,全景的(an complete view of an area in every direction)
(反)panoramic ◆ narrow 全景的 ◆ 狭窄的
(记)pan(全)+oram(视野)→全景
pantry [] n,食品柜,餐具室(a room for preparation of foods on order)
(类)pantry·food=armory·weapons=closet(wardrobe)·clothes
餐具室·食物=军械库·武器=壁橱(衣柜)·衣服(存储地方与物品)
(同)larder,buttery 区别:pastry 面点
parable [] n,寓言,比喻
(类)parable·story=homily·lecture 寓言·故事=说教·教训(种属)
(同)allegory,apologue,fable,myth
(记)para(侧面,超越)。从侧面说道理→寓言
paradigm [] n,典范,范例(example,pattern)
(类)corrective·amends=paradigm·exemplify
矫正物·补偿=范例·作为…例子(事物作用)
paragon(paradigm)·imitate=reverence·regard
模范值得被效仿=应该尊敬的人值得被尊重
(同)moder,archetype,example,exemplar,pattern,standard
(记)para(侧面,超越)。超越一般的→典范
paradise [] n,天堂 (a place or state of bliss,felicity,or delight)
(类)pleasurable·paradisical=melodious·lyrical
愉悦的·极欢乐=曲调优美的·抒情诗调的 (同义)
(记)词头para-表示“侧面,超越”之义。超乎寻常的感受,当然只能在天堂中体会
paradox [] n,似是而非的论点,自相矛盾的话(a statement that is seemingly contradictory to common sense and yet is perhaps true)
(类)paradox·contradictory=epigram·wise 自相矛盾的话是矛盾的=警句是智慧的(正面特征)
oxymoron·paradox=apophasis·claim
矛盾修饰法是与矛盾有关的修辞=阳否阴述是与表述有关的修辞
(反)paradoxical ◆ common荒谬的 ◆ 普通的
paragon [] n,模范,典型(a model of excellence or perfection)
(类)paragon·admire=pariah·contempt 典范常常被赞美=底层民众常常被轻蔑
paragon·excellent=hoax·fraudulent 模范·优秀的=愚弄·欺骗的(正面特征)
paragon·exemplary=corrected·amend 典范·示例=修正的·改正(同义)
(反)travesty ◆ paragon 曲解 ◆ 典范
(同)ideal,jewel,nonesuch,nonpareil,phoenix
(例)The teacher was always pointing him out as a paragon of virtue.
paramount [] adj,最重要的,最高权力的(superior to all others)
(类)important·paramount=painful·agonizing 重要的·最重要的=痛苦的·痛苦难耐的(程度)
(反)paramount ◆ ancillary 最主要的 ◆ 辅助次要的
(同)ascendant,overbearing,predominant,predominate,preponderant
(例)Proper nutrition are of paramount importance in adolescent development and growth.
(记)美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标。词头para-表示“侧面,超越”之义。
paranoia [] n,偏执狂(a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of others)
(类)suspicion·paranoia=enthusiasm·mania 猜疑·偏执狂=热情·狂热(褒贬程度)
suspicious·paranoid=admiring·idolatrous 怀疑的·偏执狂的=钦佩的·盲目崇拜的(褒贬)
paraphrase [] vt,简要重述,解释(to make a restatement of a text,passage,or work giving
the meaning in another form)
(类)paraphrase·verbatim=approximate·precise 简要重述·一字不差地=近似·精确的(反义)
(例)in 250 words or less,paraphrase this article,用250词左右来简要复述一下这篇文章。
(记)词头para-表示“侧面,超越”之义;对句子从另外角度阐述→扼要重述
parasite [ ] n.寄生虫,食客
(类)bacteria·medium=parasite·host 细菌生活在培养基中=寄生虫生活在宿主中
parka [ ] n,派克大衣(毛皮风雪大衣)
parch [] vi,烤干 (to dry or shrivel with cold)
(反)steep ◆ parch 浸泡 ◆ 烤干
parenthesis [] n.圆括号;插入语;插曲
(类)enclose·parentheses=separate·comma 括号使围住=句号使隔开
parenthesis·explanation=ellipsis·omission 圆括号表示解释=省略号表示省略
(记)paren(=para侧面,超越)+thesis
pariah n,贱民,底层民众(a member of a low caste of southern india)
(类)pariah·ostracize=prisoner·confine 底层民众遭排斥=囚犯遭囚禁(正面特征)
(同)outcast,castaway,derelict
(记)pari谐音 巴黎。记住巴黎爆发的法国大革命就是这群所谓的贱民发动的。
parity [] n,同等,平等(the quality or state of being equal)
(反)inequality不公平 incommensurateness不平衡
(同)equivalence,adequation,equality
parlance [] n,说话的方式(manner or mode of speech)
(类)parlance·speak=gait·walk 说话的方式·说=步法·行走(动作与其方式)
(同)wording,diction,phrase,phraseology,phrasing
(记)parlan 谐音 巴朗。如果你知道巴朗词表就会知道它是来研究人们的说话方式的。
parody [] n.模仿作品,仿作v,做模仿诗文
(类)parody·style=mime·gesture 仿作模仿的是诗文风格=哑剧模仿的是姿态
spoof·parody=nicety·distinction 轻浮的改编·模仿作品=细微差别·差别(种属)spoof·parody=ode·poetry 轻浮的改编·模仿作品=颂诗·诗(种属)
(同)burlesque,imitate,mock,take off,travesty
paroxysm [] n,发作,突发(a sudden violent emotion or action)
(类)paroxysm·sudden=ruse·deceived 突发·突然的=诡计·欺骗的 (正面特征)
parquetry [] n,镶木地板;镶木细工
(类)parquetry·floor=fresco·wall 镶木细工在地板上进行=壁画在墙壁上进行
parquet·wood=mosaic·glass 镶木地板·木头=镶嵌图案·玻璃
parquet·wood= patchwork·cloth 镶木地板·木头=拼缀物·布
parrot vt,鹦鹉学舌,机械地模仿(to repeat by rote)
(类)parrot·originality=babble·sense 机械地模仿缺乏创意=胡说八道缺乏理智
list 24 parry --------pixel
parry v,躲避(武器、问题等)(to evade especially by an adroit answer)
(类)parry·question=shirk·duty 躲避·问题=推卸·责任(逃避关系)
(同)dodge,duck,fence,shirk,sidestep
(记)p+arry(=arrow 箭) →避箭→躲避武器等
parse [] n./v,从语法上分析
(类)parse·grammatical=scan·metrical
语法分析·合乎语法的=分析韵脚·韵律的(行为及其相关对象)
sentence·parse=specimen·dissect 句子·语法分析=标本·解剖(行为及其对对象)
parsimony [] n,过度节俭,吝啬(unreasonable economy; stinginess)
(类)parsimony·frugal=hubris·proud 节俭·节俭的=傲慢·高傲的(名形同义)
parsimonious·liberal=obtuse·keen 吝啬的·慷慨的=钝的·锋利的(反义)
parsimonious·profligacy=impetuous·hesitance 吝啬的·挥霍的=冲动的·犹豫的(反义)
parsimonious·resource=curt·words 吝啬的·资源=简略的·话语(形修饰名)
(反)parsimony ◆ largesse 吝啬 ◆ 慷慨
parsimonious ◆ wasteful/ liberal/ profligate/ prodigal/ munificent/ lavish/ generous
小气的 ◆ 浪费的/ 慷慨的/ 浪费的/ 挥霍的/ 慷慨大方的/ 浪费的/ 大方的
(同)stingy,miserly,niggardly,penurious
(记)parsi谐音 怕死+mony 谐音money 花钱 →怕死花钱→吝啬
partial [] adj,偏袒的,偏爱的(inclined to favor one party more than the other:biased)
(反)partial ◆ dispassionate 偏袒的 ◆ 不动感情的
(同)jaundiced,prejudiced,tendentious,unindifferent,warped
(记)part 部分 只对部分人好→偏爱
particularize [] vt,vi,详细说明,列举(to state in detail)
(类)particularize·details=illustrate·pictures详细说明·细节=图解·图片(行为及相关对象)
(同)detail,specificate,specificize,stipulate
(记)part 部分→将整体分成部分详细说明
partisan [] n,党羽,同党的人(a firm adherent to a party,faction)
(类)allegiance·partisans=authoritativeness·pundits
效忠·同党之人=权威·权威人士(正面特征)
(同)follower,adherent,cohort,disciple,henchman,supporter
pastiche [] n,模仿(a work that imitates the style of previous work)
(反)pastiche ◆ original work 模仿 ◆ 原创
(记)past 过去的,过时的+che 谐音 车→过时的车不值得模仿
partition [] n.分割,划分,瓜分 vt.区分,隔开,分割
(反)partition ◆ unify 分割 ◆ 联合
patent [] adj,专利的;显著的,新奇的(readily visible or intelligible)
(反)patent ◆ abstruse / not evident/ occult / recondite
明显的 ◆ 晦涩难懂的/ 不明显的/ 神秘的/ 深奥的
nuance ◆ patent difference 细微差别 ◆ 显著区别
(同)apparent,evident,manifest,obvious,palpable,unequivocal
pathology [] n,病理学;病状
(类)stimulation·arousal=pathogen·diseasing 刺激物·激励= 病原体·疾病
(反)pathological ◆ normal 病态的 ◆ 正常的
(记)path谐音 怕死 →怕死是一种病态的心理
patina [] n,绿锈;表面光泽;肤浅的外在(a superficial covering or exterior)
(反)patina ◆ essential quality 肤浅的外在 ◆ 本质
patrician n,贵族,名门望族(a person of high birth·aristocrat)
(反)base ◆ patrician 底层社会 ◆ 贵族
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:父辈荣耀,所以成了名门望族
patriot [] n,爱国主义者(one who loves his or her country)
(类)patriot·country=partisan·course 爱国者忠于国家=党徒忠于路线
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:国就是父
patronize [] vt,资助,赞助,让人领情
(类)patron·support=apologist·defend 赞助人·支援=辩护者·辩护(正面特征)
paucity [] n,少数,少量,缺乏(smallness of number:fewness)
(反)slew大量 plethora过剩 profusion丰富
(同)scarcity,insufficiency,poverty,scant,scarceness
paunchy [] dj,大肚子的(having an enlarged or protruding abdomen)
(反)paunchy and awkward ◆ svelte 大腹便便的 ◆ 苗条的
pebble [] n,小鹅卵石(a small usually rounded stone)
(类)droplet·deluge=pebble·landslid 小滴·洪水=小卵石·山崩泥石(小与大)

peccadillo [] n.小过失(a slight offense)
(类)peccadillo·error=glitch·flaw 小过失·错误/罪孽/犯罪=小故障·缺陷(程度)
peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation 小过失·错误=警告·惩罚(程度)
peccadillo·offense=cameo·sculpture 小过失·错误=贝雕·雕塑 (种属)
peccadillo·offence=mishap·accident 小罪·犯罪=不幸·事故(种属)
(记)pecc 斑点 参考:peccable 易犯罪的 speck 斑点,少量
peck [pek] n,轻吻;轻啄
(类)peck·kiss=glance·look 轻吻·吻=一瞥·看(轻和正常)
(记)和speck 少量 一起记→少量的吻→轻吻
pedagogue [] n,教师,教育者(a dull,formal,or pedantic teacher)
(类)pedagogue·indoctrinate=stickler·exacting教育者·灌输=坚持者·严格苛求(正面特征)
pedant [] n,迂腐之人,书呆子,学究式人物
(类)pedant·learning=hack·writing 学究·学习=雇佣文人·写作(正面特征)
pedantic·learned=moralistic·principled 学究式的·有学问的=道学的·有原则的(褒贬)
scholarly·pedantic=modest·prudish 学者的·书呆的=谦虚的·假装正经(褒贬)
pedantic·scholar=histrionic·actor 学究的·学者=戏剧的·演员(正面特征)
(例)Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a
scholar.她坚持这本书应该被记住表明他是一个学究而不是一个学者。
pedestal [] n,基架,底座,基础
(类)pedestal·statue=foundation·house 底座·雕像=地基·房子
predestine [] vt,预定,注定
(反)predestine ◆ leave to chance 注定 ◆ 顺其自然
(记)pre 预先+destine 本身是动词“注定”参考:destiny 命运
pedestrian [] adj.缺乏想像的,呆板的(commonplace;unimaginative) (反)imaginative 富于想象的 marvelous非凡的 inspired有灵感的 rarefied 稀少的
(同)dull,dreary,humdrum,monotone,plodding,stodgy
pediatrics [] n,[医]小儿科
(类)pediatrics·children=dermatology·skin 小儿科·小孩=皮肤学·皮肤
peep [] n,小鸟的吱吱叫声;瞥见,偷看(to look cautiously or slyly)
(类)peck·kiss=peep·sound 轻吻·亲吻=小鸟的吱吱叫声·声音(种属)
(记)我们熟悉的bp机最早叫peep
peer [] n,同等的人(a person who has equal standing with others)vi.凝视;窥视
(反)peer ◆ a subordinate person 同辈 ◆ 下级
peerless [] adj,出类拔萃的,无可匹敌的(matchless;imparable)
(反)peerlessness ◆ equality 出类拔萃 ◆ 同等
(同)matchless,unequaled,unique,unparagoned,unparalleled,unrivaled
peeve [] v,使气恼,怨恨(to make peevish or resentful)
(类)peeved·annoyed=patronizing·condescending 气恼的·恼怒的=使领情的·使领情的(同义)
peeved·annoy=saturated·wet 恼怒的·使生气=浸透的·弄湿(后者造成前者)
(反)placate ◆ peeve 安抚 ◆ 使气恼
peevish ◆ good-natured 易恼怒的 ◆ 好脾气的
(同)irritate,aggravate,exasperate,nettle,pique,provoke
pejorative [ ] adj.轻蔑的,贬低的(having negative connotations)
(反)pejorative ◆ laudatory 贬低的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)derogatory,depreciative,detracting
(记)pejor(谐音:披着)+rat(老鼠)联想:披着鼠皮的人→让人轻蔑的
pelf [] n,钱财(wealth or riches,especially when dishonestly acquired)
(类)pelf·impecunious=experience·green 钱财·贫穷的=经验·无经验的(缺乏关系)
pellucid [] adj.清晰的,易懂的(easy to understand)
(类)pellucid·understand=venial·excuse 易懂的·明白=可宽恕的·原谅(因果关系)
(反)pellucid ◆ murky 清楚的 ◆ 不清楚的【注】murky,lacking clarity or distinctness
(同)transparent,clear,limpid,see-through,translucent
pen [] n,雌天鹅(a female swan)
(类)swan·pen=sheep·ewe 天鹅·雌天鹅=羊·母羊(种属)
penalty [] n,刑罚,罚款(a punishment established by law or authority for a offense)
(类)pardon·penalty=exempt·liability 原谅·处罚=免责·责任(消除)
(记)pen词根“惩罚”参考:penal 刑事的 penance 自我惩罚penalize置人于不利位置
penchant [] n.强烈嗜好,倾向(a strong and continued inclination)
(反)penchant ◆ aversion/dislike爱好 ◆ 厌恶/讨厌
(同)disposition,inclination,predilection,predisposition
(记)谐音“盼唱”联想:盼着唱歌→强烈嗜好
penitent [] adj,悔过的(feeling or expressing regretful pain)
(类)penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过者·顽固的=怀疑者·轻信的
(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的
(同)apologetic,contrite,penitential,regretful,repentant
(记)参考:repent v,后悔,悔改 penitentiary 重罪监狱;教养所
(例)when he realized the enormity of his crime,he became remorseful and penitent.
pension [] n,退休金,年金,抚恤金
(记)pen钱。联想:过去作家是赚钱的工作,有笔就有钱。参考:penury贫穷;spent花费
pensive [] adj,沉思的,哀思的(musingly or dreamily thoughtful)
(类)lamentable·pensive=museful·ruminative 哀伤的·悲哀的=沉思的·沉思的(同义)
(同)meditative,pondering,reflecting,ruminative,speculative
(例)the pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.
penury [] n,贫困,贫穷(severe poverty)
(类)frugal·penurious=firm·obdurate 节俭的·吝啬的=坚定的·顽固的(褒贬)
(反)penury ◆ affluence 贫困 ◆ 富裕
penurious ◆ lavish/largesse 吝啬的 ◆ 非常大方的/慷慨的
perambulate [] v,巡行
(类)foot·perambulate=eye·observe 脚·巡行=眼睛·观察(器官及其功能)
perceptible [] adj,可察觉的(capable of being perceived)
(类)perceptible·obvious=relevant·crucial 可察觉的·明显的=相关的·至关紧要的(程度)
(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible 可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的
(同)appreciable,detectable,discernible,observable,palpable,sensible,tangible
perception [ ] n,理解,感知
peremptory [] adj,专横的(imperious or arrogant self-assurance)
(类)peremptory·fawn=parsimonious·spend 专横的不会奉承=吝啬的很少花费
peremptory·dispute=prohibitive·purchase专横的阻止争辩=价格过高的阻止购买
(反)peremptory ◆ open to challenge 不容反抗的 ◆ 接受挑战的
perfervid [] adj.非常热心的(marked by overwrought emotion)
(反)perfervid ◆ impassive 非常热心的 ◆ 冷漠的
(同)ardent,blazing,burning,fervent,fiery,flaming
perfidy [] n,不诚实(the quality or state of being faithless)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过度的·适度的=背信的·忠诚的(褒贬对照)
(反)perfidy ◆ trustworthiness 不诚实 ◆ 可信赖
perfidious ◆ faithful/loyal 不诚实的 ◆ 忠实的/忠实的

perforate [] v,打孔,穿透(to make a hole through)
(类)perforate·hole=pleat·fold 打孔·孔=打褶·褶皱 (行为及其作用结果)
(同)bore,drill,prick,punch,puncture
perfunctory adj,例行公事的,机械的,敷衍的 (characterized by routine or superficiality:mechanical) (类)perfunctorily·inspiration=insolently·veneration
例行公事地不会激发灵感=无礼地不会让人尊敬
perimeter [] n,周长,周界(the boundary of a closed plane figure)
(类)circle·perimeter=country·border 圆·周界周长=国土·边界
periodical [] adj,周期的n,期刊,杂志
(类)magazine·periodical=mystery·fiction 杂志属期刊=神秘故事属小说

peripatetic [] adj,巡游的(moving or traveling from place to place)
(反)peripatetic ◆ rooted/ sedentary/ stationary 巡游的 ◆ 根深蒂固的/ 不迁徙的/固定的
(同)ambulant,itinerate,nomadic,perambulant,roving,vagabond
peripheral [] adj,边缘的,周边的(a periphery or surface part)
(类)peripheral·center=immaterial·relevance 边缘的·中心的=非实质的·中肯的(反义)
(反)peripheral ◆ in essence 外围的 ◆ 核心
crux ◆ peripheral element 症结 ◆ 次要因素
periphery ◆ center/core/important part/central area 外围 ◆ 中央/核心/重要部分/中心地带
perish [] vi,毁灭,死亡(to bring to destruction; destroy)
(反)perish ◆ survive 死亡 ◆ 存活
perjury [] n,伪证,假誓
(类)perjury·testimony=calumny·assertion / representation
伪证·证词=中伤·声明 / 陈述(伪对正常)
(反)perjury ◆ truthful deposition 诽谤 ◆ 真实的证词
perjure ◆ depose 作伪证 ◆ 作证
permanence [] n,永久(the quality or state of being permanent)
(类)evanescent·permanence=archaic·currency 短暂的·永久=过时的·流行(反义)
erratic·permanent=heroic·craven 不稳定·持久的=英勇的·胆小的(反义)
impermanent·transience=opportune·convenience 暂时的·短暂=恰好的·便利(同义)
transitory·permanence=achromatic·hue 短暂的·永久=无色的·色彩(反义)
(反)permanence ◆ transience 永久 ◆ 短暂
extinction ◆ perpetuation 消失 ◆ 永久,不朽
permanent ◆ ephemeral/interim 永久的 ◆ 短暂的/暂时的
(同)diurnal,durable,enduring,perdurable,perduring,stable
permeable [] adj,有浸透性的,能透过的(penetrable)
(类)penetrate·permeable=knead·malleable 穿透·可穿透的=揉捏·有延展性的(动形同义)
penetrate·impermeable=change·immutable= profane·inviolable
穿透·不能透过的=变化·不变的= 亵渎·无法亵渎的(形动反义)
impermeability·fluid=opacity·light 不渗透·流体=不透明·光线
(反)permeable ◆ waterproof 能透过的 ◆ 不透水的
impermeable ◆ easily penetrated 不能渗透的 ◆ 容易渗透的
diaphanous ◆ impermeable of light 透明的 ◆ 不透光的
(同)penetrable,pervious,porose,porous
pernicious [] adj,有害有毒的;致命的(highly injurious or destructive)
(类)pernicious·injure=disingenuous·mislead 有害的·伤害=没有诚意的·误导(正面特征)
peroration [] n.(演讲的)结束语;演讲高谈阔论
(类)peroration·speech=coda·sonata 结束语·演讲=尾声·奏鸣曲
perpetual [] adj,永久的,不断的(continuing forever:everlasting)
(类)constant·perpetuate=transient·vanish 不变的·不朽=短暂的·消失
(反)perpetual ◆ ephemeral/transitory/intermittent 永久的 ◆ 短暂的/短暂的/暂时的
extinction ◆ perpetuation 消失 ◆ 永存
debunk ◆ perpetuate to sham 揭穿真相 ◆ 永远的伪装
persecute [] vt,迫害,虐待,折磨(to harass in a manner designed to injure or afflict)
(类)haunt·remember=persecute·injure 萦绕造成回忆起=迫害造成伤害
persevere [] vi,坚持不懈,不屈不挠(to persist in a state)
(类)obstinate·persevre=tactless/insensitive·offend
固执的·坚持=不老练的/不懂事的·冒犯(个性及其结果)
(反)persevere ◆ give up 坚持 ◆ 放弃
perseverance ◆ cessation of effort 坚持不懈 ◆ 停止努力
(同)carry on,go on,hang on,persist
persiflage [] n,挖苦,嘲弄(to provide with an incentive)
(类)persiflage·incite=exhortation·motivate 挖苦·激发=勉励·激发(动作及其结果)
persistence [] n,坚持,持续
(反)persistence ◆ inconstancy 持续 ◆ 反复无常
personable [] adj,优雅的,貌美的(pleasant or amiable in person)
(反)personable ◆ unattractive 优雅的 ◆ 无魅力的
perspicacious [] adj,敏锐的(of acute mental vision·keen)
(反)perspicacious ◆ obtuse/undiscerned/dull 敏锐的 ◆ 迟钝的/呆滞的
【注:干扰选项awkward 笨拙的 这个词形容人的动作而不是头脑】
(同)shrewd,argute,astucious,astute,heady,
(例)the brillant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions.
perspicuity [] n,明晰,明了,简明(plain to the understanding)
(反)perspicuity ◆ opacity 明了 ◆ 不透明
perspicuous ◆ dull 明了的 ◆ 不清楚的;模糊的
pertain [] v,适合,属于,有关联(To have reference; relate)
(反)pertain ◆ be irrelevant 有关 ◆ 无关
pertinacious [] adj,顽固的(stubbornly unyielding or tenacious)
(类)pertinacity·refractory=inexperience·green 顽固·难控制的=无经验·无经验的(同义)
(反)pertinacious ◆ tractable / pliable/ irresolute/ capricious
顽固的 ◆ 易于管教的/ 易变的/ 犹豫不决的/ 反复无常的
pertinacity ◆ vacillation 顽固 ◆ 游移不定
(同)bullheaded,headstrong,mulish,perverse,refractory,stubborn
pertinent [] adj,相关的,中肯的(having a clear decisive relevance)
(类)pertinent·relevance=redundant·superfluity 中肯的·中肯=多余的·多余(形名同义)
(反)pertinent ◆ irrelevant/ immaterial/ lack of relevance
相关的 ◆ 无关系的/非实质的/无关系的
(同)relevant,applicable,apposite,apropos,germane,material
(例)the lawyer wanted to know all the pertinent details.
perturb [] vt,扰乱,使烦躁不安,使担忧(to disturb greatly in mind:disquiet)
(类)impassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·使烦躁不安=贪婪的·使满意(难以关系)
perturb·serenity=reassure·doubt 扰乱·平静=使安心·疑虑(消除关系)
stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 坚韧自制的难以被扰乱=贪婪的难以被满足
(反)perturbation ◆ equanimity 扰乱 ◆ 镇静
(记)turb混浊 参考:turbid adj,混浊的,混乱的disturb扰乱turbulence骚乱
peruse [] v,细读(to examine with attention and in detail)
(类)peruse·smattering=stare·leer 细读·略知=凝视·斜视(反义)
(反)peruse ◆ glance at 细读 ◆ 看一眼
pervade [] vt,弥漫,充满,漫延(to become diffused)
(类)pervasive ◆ limited distribution 普遍的 ◆ 限量发送的
pessimism [] n,悲观,悲观主义
(反)optimism 乐观主义
pesticide [] n,杀虫剂(an agent used to destroy pests)
(类)insect·pesticide=plant·herbicide 虫子·杀虫剂=草·除草剂(消灭)
(记)pest害虫cide除掉 参考:suicide 自杀 herbicide 除草剂
pestle [] n,杵,乳钵槌(grinding substances in a mortar)
(类)pestle·mortar=hammer·anvil 杵·臼=锤子·铁砧(配套工具)
pestle·grind=flint stone·sharpen 槌·研磨=硬石头·磨快(前是后的工具)
pestle·grind=whetstone·sharpen 槌·研磨=磨刀石·磨快
【注意:双重对应,除了工具的意味外还有磨的意味】
pestle·hash=awl·pierce 杵·捣碎=锥子·刺穿(动作关联名词)
petition [] vt,vi,请求,请愿 n.请愿,请愿书(to make a request)
(类)groveler·petitioner=minion·dependent
卑恭屈节者·请求者=奴才·依赖者(褒贬类比)
petrify [ ] v.石化(to become stony,especially by petrifaction);吓呆
(类)petrify·stone=evaporate·vapor 使石化成石头=使蒸发成蒸气
petrography [] n,岩石记述学(研究岩石分类和体系)
(类)petrography·rock=mural·wall 岩石记述学·岩石=壁画·墙壁

petty [] adj,细微的,不重要的(having secondary rank or importance)
(类)petty·notice=mysterious·explain 细微的难以被注意=神秘的难以被解释
(同)inconsequent,inconsiderable,measly,ungenerous,unvital
petulant [] adj,任性的,脾气坏的,粗野的
phenomenal [] adj,显著的,非凡的,杰出的
(反)phenomenal ◆ ordinary/ unexceptional/ commonplace 非凡的 ◆ 普通的/ 普通的/ 平凡的
(同)extraordinary,rare,remarkable,singular,unimaginable,unique
philanthropic [] adj,博爱的(characterized by philanthropy)
(类)philanthropist·beneficence=comedian·humor
慈善家·善行=喜剧演员·幽默(正面特征)
philanthropist·endow=prevaricater·mislead
慈善家·捐赠=支吾搪塞者·误导(正面特征)
philanthropic·geniality=resourceful·inventiveness
慈善的·亲切=足智多谋·善于创造(正面特征)
(同)charitable,altruistic,benevolent,eleemosynary,humane
philatelist [] n,集邮家
(类)philatelist·stamps=numismatist·coins 集邮家·邮票=钱币收藏家·钱币
philistine [] n,庸人,对艺术很轻蔑的人(a person who is guided by materialism and is
usually disdainful of artistic values)
(反)philistine ◆ aesthete 庸人 ◆ 审美家
phlegmatic [] adj,冷静的,冷淡的,无活力的(stolid temperament)
(类)phlegmatic·provoke=intractable·manage 冷淡的·激怒=难处理的·处理
(反)spirited生气勃勃的 / vivacious 活泼的 / sprightly轻快的
(同)apathetic,dry,matter-of-fact,stoic,stolid
(例)the nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person,unexcited in the face of sudden
emergencies.
pictorial [ ] adj,绘画的,形象生动的
(例)a pictorial magazine画报
piddling [] adj,无用的,琐屑的(trivial,paltry)
(类)piddling·considerable=restive·calm
微不足道的·可观的=烦躁的·平静的(反义)
(同)petty,measly,niggling,paltry,peanut,peddling,puny,trifling
piebald [] adj,花斑的,斑驳的(spotted with black and white)
(反)piebald ◆ monotonous 花斑的 ◆ 单调的
pied ◆ solid-colored 斑驳的 ◆ 单色的
pixel [] n.(显示器或电视机图象的)象素
(类)image·pixel=mosaic·tile 图象·象素镶嵌=图案·瓷砖(组成关系)
list 25 pigment -------- prerogative
pigment [] n,颜料,色料
(类)albino·pigment=prairie·tree白化病人·颜色=大草原·树(缺乏)
pigment·color=spice·flavor 颜料·颜色=调味品·味道(事物及时相关对象)
pilfer [] vt,vi,偷窃(to steal stealthily in small amounts)
(类)pilfer·take=abscond·depart (干扰:purloin·appropriate 盗窃·盗用)
潜逃·离开=偷窃·拿取 (偷偷·正常)
(同)steal,appropriate,filch,pinch,purloin,thieve
pillar [] n,柱子,栋梁;重要的支持者(a firm upright support)
(类)pillar·support=stockade·enclose 柱子·支持=栅栏·围住(事物及功用)
(反)derelict ◆ pillar of society 被遗弃的人 ◆ 栋梁
pillory [] n.被示众,被嘲弄(to expose to public contempt)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 斥责·示众=牵就·溺爱(程度)
punish·pillory=admonish·denounce 惩罚·公开嘲弄=警告·公开指责
pillory·ridicule=guillotine·execute 示众· 嘲笑=断头台·处死(目的)
(反)pillory ◆ exalt/ praise publicly 嘲弄 ◆ 赞美/公开赞美
pilot [] n,飞行员;领航员(one employed to steer a ship:helmsman)
(类)pilot·ship=conductor·orchestra 领航人·轮船=指挥·管弦乐队
pine [] n,松树 vi,消瘦;渴望(to yearn intensely and persistently)
(类)longing·pine=remorse·rue 渴望·盼望=后悔·懊悔(同义)
needle·pine=leaf·oak 针叶·松树=叶子·橡树
(反)pine ◆ become invigorated 憔悴 ◆ 受到鼓舞
pinnacle [] n,小尖塔,顶点(an upright architectural member generally ending in a small spire
and used especially in gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttress)
(反)pinnacle ◆ low point 顶点 ◆ 低处
pinpoint [] v,精确定位或确认(to locate or aim with great precision)
(类)pinpoint ◆ exam cursorily 精确地定位 ◆ 粗略的检查
(同)identify,determinate,diagnose distinguish,finger,spot
piquant [] adj.辛辣的,开胃的(agreeably stimulating to the palate)
(反)vapid 索然无味的 flat 单调乏味的 insipid平淡的 pallid无生气的
(同)pungent,peppery,racy,snappy,spicy,zesty
pique [] vt.伤害…自尊心,使…生气(to cause to feel resentment or indignation.)
(反)pique ◆ mollify 使愤怒 ◆ 平息
pirate [] n,海盗;盗版者 vt,盗版,翻印;掠夺
(类)pirate·take=forge·copy 欺骗掠夺·拿走=伪造·复制(非法·正常)
pitch [] n,音质,音高,音调
(类)pitch·sound=color·light 音质·声音=颜色·光线(都由波的频率决定)
frequency·pitch=wavelength·color 频率·音调=波长·颜色(前者决定后者)
(反)off-key 跑调的
pithy [] adj,精练的,简洁的(having substance and point)
(类)pithiness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 精炼·格言=夸张·讽刺画
(反)pithy ◆ prolix/verbose/ diffuse/ wordy/ insubstantial/ insignificance
精练的 ◆ 冗长累赘的/ 无实质的/ 无关紧要
circumlocution ◆ pithy utters 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的话
(同)compact,epigrammatic,marrowy,meaty
(例)i enjoy reading his essays because they are always compact and pithy.
pitiless [] adj,无情的,冷酷的(devoid of pity:merciless)
(反)pitiless ◆ clement 冷酷的 ◆ 仁慈的
pittance [] n,施舍少量的钱;少量供应(a meager wage or remuneration)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量供应·定量供应=小溪·溪流
(反)pittance ◆ crop/ cornucopia 少量 ◆ 收获/富饶
placate [] vt,安抚,和解(to soothe or mollify)
(类)irascible·placate=insensate·conscious暴躁的·安抚=没感觉的·有意识的
implacable·propitiated=inalienable·surrendered
无法平息的·劝解的=不可剥夺的·投降的(反义)
(反)placate ◆ peeve/ gall/ antagonize/ rile/ foment/ surprise
抚慰 ◆(使)气恼/ 使焦躁/ 使成敌人/ 激怒/ 刺激/ 使吃惊
(同)pacify,appease,assuage,conciliate,mollify,
placebo [] n.安慰剂(不含药性的制剂,开给病人仅仅为加强他康复的希望)
(类)placebo·innocuous=venom·toxious安慰剂·无害的=毒液·有毒的(正面特征)
placebo·painkiller=backdrop·vista 安慰剂·止痛药=背景·远景(前虚后实)
【注】vista:an extensive or distant view 广阔而辽远的景色,远景
plagiarize [] vt,vi,剽窃,抄袭(to steal as one’s own)
(类)plagiarism·ideas=forgery·documents=rustling·cattle
剽窃·思想=伪造·文件=偷牛·牛(动宾关系)
plaintive [] adj,伤心悲哀的,痛苦的
plangent [] adj.轰鸣的(having a loud reverberating sound)
(反)plangent ◆ muffled 轰鸣的 ◆ 无声的
(同)consonant,orotund,resounding,rotund,sonorant,vibrant
plantation [] n,大农场,种植园
(类)plantation·tobacco=media·bacteria 种植园·烟草=培养基·细菌
plasticity [] n.可塑性,塑性
(反)plasticity ◆ rigidity 可塑性 ◆ 僵硬性
plateau [] n,高地,高原,平台期,稳定状态(a relatively stable level,period,or state)
(类)plateau·change=respite·activity 平台期暂时不会改变=暂缓暂时不会行动
plateau·slope 高平原·斜坡(反面特征)
platitude [] n,陈词滥调,陈腐(a banal,trite,or stale remark)
(类)platitude·banal=equivocation·ambiguous
陈词滥调·陈腐的=含糊话·意思含糊的(正面特征)
(反)platitude ◆ original observation 陈词滥调 ◆ 新颖的观测
plausible [] adj,1,似真实的,可靠的;2,给人假象的,华而不实的(giving a deceptive
impression of truth,acceptability,or reliability;specious)
(类)rationalization·plausible=obfuscation·indiscernible(干扰:equivocation·definite)
文过饰非·给人假象的=困惑·难识别的(正面特征)
【注】 rationalize:vi,to provide plausible but untrue reasons for conduct 自圆其说,文过饰非
(反)implausible ◆ believable 难以置信的 ◆ 可相信的
pleat [] n,褶,褶状物 vt,使…打褶(to arrange in pleats)
(类)pleat·fold=perforate·hole 使打褶·褶皱=打孔·孔(行为及作用结果)
plentitude [] n,充分
(反)plentitude ◆ dearth 充分大量 ◆ 稀少
plethora [] n,过量,过剩(excess,superflutty;profusion,abundance)
(反)dearth缺乏 paucity 缺乏 scarcity 缺乏
(同)excess,overabundance,superfluity,surfeit,surplus,surplusage
(记)pleth(满)参考:plenty丰富plentitude充分plenary全体出席的pleonastic罗嗦的
pliable [] adj,易曲折的,柔软的,易受影响的,温顺的
(类)pliable·inflexible=static·move 易弯曲的·不易弯曲的=静止的·移动的
(反)pliable ◆ rigid / difficult to crumble/ pertinacious 易曲折的 ◆ 坚定不变的/不易碎的/固执的
(同)adaptable,ductile,malleable,moldable,pliant,supple
pliant [] adj.易受影响的,易弯曲的,顺从的(easily influenced)
(类)pliant·indomitable=model·differentiated 顺从的·不屈的=模范的·不同的 (反义)
pliant·yield=evanescent·disappear 易受影响的·屈服=容易消失的·消失(正面特征)
(反)pliant ◆ mulish/ intransigence/ intractable/ incorrigible/ unbending
顺从的 ◆ 固执的/ 不妥协/ 倔强的/ 无法修正的/ 难弯曲
pliant ◆ rigid 易弯曲的 ◆ 不灵活的
(同)adaptable,ductile,malleable,moldable,pliable,supple
plight [] n,困境 (a situation,especially a bad or unfortunate one)
(反)plight ◆ favorable condition 困境 ◆ 有利的条件
(同)predicament,corner,dilemma,jam,pickle,scrape,spot
(记)本义婚约,誓约(pledge) 联想:婚姻让它进入困境
plodding [] adj,沉重缓慢的,单调乏味的(working laboriously monotonously)
(反)plodding ◆ meteoric 沉重缓慢的 ◆ 疾速的
plod ◆ flit /gambol 缓慢移动 ◆ 迅速飞过 / 雀跃
(同)dull,dreary,humdrum,monotonous,pedestrian,stodgy
pluck [] n,勇气,精力(courageous readiness to fight)
(类)pluck·quit=pride·grovel 勇气不放弃=骄傲不卑躬屈膝
(反)pluck ◆ cowardice/ coward/ spinelessness 勇气 ◆ 怯弱/ 胆小/ 没有勇气
(同)courage,dauntlessness,heart
pluck 2 [] n,猛拉;弹奏
(类)harp·pluck=horn·blow 竖琴·演奏=喇叭·吹(器具及其作用方式)
(反)plucky ◆ craven 勇敢 ◆ 懦弱

plumb [] vt,用铅锤测定深度(to measure the depth of with a plumb)
(类)plumb·depth=assess·value=calibrate·diameter
测量·深度=评定·价值=校准·直径
plumb·depth =gauge·pressure=verify·accuracy
测量·深度=测量·压力=校验·精确性(动作及其相关对象)
(反)plumb ◆ horizontal 垂直的 ◆ 水平的
plumb 2 adv,仔细深入地检查(to examine closely or deeply)
(反)plumb ◆ examine cursorily 仔细深入地检查 ◆ 粗略地检查
plumb ◆ examine superficially 仔细深入地检查 ◆ 肤浅地的检查
plummet [] v,垂直或突然地堕下(to drop sharply and abruptly)
(类)fall-descend·plummet=move·dart 降落·垂直落下=移动·飞奔(程度)
plummet·fall=swerve·turn 突然地堕下·落下=突然转向·转向
(反)plummet ◆ rise sharply 垂直下落的 ◆ 急剧上升的
plump [] adj,丰满的(having a full rounded)
(反)svelte ◆ plump 苗条的 ◆ 丰满的
plunge [ ] vi,跳进,陷入,俯冲
(类)hover·plunge=crouch·spring 盘旋后俯冲=蹲伏后跳起
plutocracy [] n,富豪统治
(类)plutocracy·wealth=geroncracy·age 富豪统治财富多=老人统治年龄大
podiatrist [] n,足病医生
(类)podiatrist·feet=dermatologist·skin 足科病专家研究脚=皮肤病专家研究皮肤
pointless [ ] adj,无意义的,不得要领的,没有目的的
polarize [] v.(使)对立,(使)两极分化(to break up into opposing factions or groupings)
(反)coalesce 合并 make compatible 使一致 unity 联合
polemic [] adj,争论的(the art or practice of disputation)
(类)polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 好争论的·好争辩的=漫骂的·辱骂的(同义)
(反)polemical ◆ compromising/ conciliatory 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的/ 调和的
polished [] adj.精练的,优美的,有教养的(highly developed,finished)
(反)polished ◆ rustic/ untutored/ gauche 优美的 ◆ 粗俗的/未受教育的/粗鲁的
politic [] adj,精明的,圆滑的,慎重的,策略的
(类)politic·offend=aloof·associate 圆滑的·冒犯=孤僻的·交往(反面特征)
(反)politic ◆ unsophisticated/injudicious 精明的 ◆ 单纯的/判断不当的
(例)His inauguration as president marked the culmination of his political career.
pollster [] n,民意测验专家(one that takes public-opinion surveys)
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特征)
pompous [] adj,傲慢的,自大的,夸大的(self-importance;arrogant)
(类)pompous·bombast=exaggerated·hyperbole
浮夸的·夸大的言辞=夸大的·夸张法 (正面特征)
ponderable [] adj,有价值的,有重量的(significant enoug:appreciable)
(反)ponderable ◆ inappreciable 有价值的 ◆ 微不足道的
ponderous [] adj,笨重的,笨拙的(of very great weight)
(反)ponderous ◆ ethereal/ gossamer/ lively/ slight/ vibrant/ briskly
笨重的 ◆ 轻飘飘的/ 轻微的/ 活泼的
(同)heavy,cumbersome,hefty,massive,eighty
pontificate [] v,自大武断地做,装模作样的说话(to speak or express opinions in a
pompous or dogmatic way)
(类)pontificate·speak=strut·walk=swagger·walk
傲慢的说·说话=大摇大摆的走·走=大摇大摆的走·走(程度)
(反)pontificate ◆ comment tentatively/ speak diffidently/ speak modestly
自大武断地说 ◆ 试探性的评论注释/ 缺乏自信地说/ 谦虚地说
porcelain [] n,瓷,瓷器
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=veneer·furniture
釉·瓷器=表面清漆·木材=饰面·家具(事物及其表面装饰物质)
clay·porcelain=flax·linen 粘土·瓷器=亚麻·亚麻布(事物及其原料)
pore [] n,毛孔,气孔,细孔
(类)pore·membrane =door·room 孔·隔膜=门·房间 (事物及其入口)
porous adj,可渗透的(capable of being penetrated)
(类)porous·liquid=transparent·light 可渗透的· 液体=透明的· 光
porous·penetrate=fragile·break 可渗透的容易被穿透=易碎的容易被打破
(反)porous ◆ impenetrable 可渗透的 ◆ 无法穿透的
portentous [] adj,前兆的,不寻常的(eliciting amazement or wonder)
(反)portentous ◆ regular 不寻常的 ◆ 规则的
portfolio [] n,公事包;投资组合(a group of investments);部长职务
(类)portfolio·securities=dossier·reports 投资组合·有价证券=材料汇编·报告(组成关系)
poseur [] n,装模作样的人(a person who pretends to be what he is not)
(类)poseur·sincerity=recluse·gregariousness装摸做样的人·真诚=隐居者·群居 (反面特征) poser·sincere=recluse·gregarious 装摸做样的人·真诚的=隐居者·社交(反面特征)
poseur·unaffected=stickler·derelict
装模做样的人·真挚的=一丝不苟的人·缺乏责任感的(反面特征)
(反)poseur ◆ sincere person 装模作样的人 ◆ 真诚的人
posit [] v.假设,假定(to assume or affirm the existence of·postuate)
(反)posit ◆ deny as false 假设假定 ◆ 否认
postulate [] v,假定为真(depend upon or start from the postulate of)
(反)postulate ◆ deny as false 假定为真 ◆ 认定为假的
(同)assume,presuppose,posit,premise,presume
posture [] vi,故作姿态(to assume an artificial attitude)
(类)posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 故作姿态的人不真挚=不容异己的人不宽容
(反)posture ◆ behave naturally 作姿势 ◆ 自然的举止

potable [] adj,适于饮用的(suitable for drinking)
(类)potable·beverage=habitable·dwelling 适于饮用的·饮料=可以居住的·住处 (同义)
water·potable= meat·edible 水·可以饮用的= 食物·可以吃的
(反)potable ◆ undrinkable 适于饮用的 ◆ 不能饮用的

potboiler [] n,粗制滥造的文艺作品(a work of poor quality,produced quickly for profit)
(类)doggerel·verse=potboiler·article 歪诗·诗=粗制的作品·艺术品(种属)
(记)源自短语 boil(煮沸) the pot(壶)谋生,糊口
potentate [] n,有权的人,统治者(one who wields great power)
(类)potentate·power=virtuoso·skill 当权者·权力=艺术名家·技艺
(反)potentate ◆ subject/powerless person 统治者 ◆ 臣服者/无势力的人
(记)potent有力的,有效的 参考:impotent阳痿的
potential [] adj,潜在的,有可能性的
(例)Every seed is a potential plant,每粒种子都可能长成植物。
potentiate [] vt,加强(to make more effective or more active)
(反)potentiate ◆ deactivate 加强 ◆ 使无效

pout [] vt,vi,撅嘴,绷脸(to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips)
(类)pout·displeasure=wince·pain=smile·pleasure= sneer·contempt
撅嘴·不悦=退缩·疼痛=微笑·愉快=冷笑·蔑视(动作体现情感)
(反)pout ◆ grin 撅嘴 ◆ 露齿笑
practitioner [ ] n,实践者,专业人士(one who practices a profession)
(反)fledgling菜鸟,无经验之人;quack冒充内行的人,庸医
prairie [] n,大草原,牧场
(类)prairie·tree=albino·pigment 大草原·树=白化病·颜色(缺乏关系)
prate [] vi,闲聊,空谈(to talk long and idly)
(类)prate·speak=saunter·walk 闲聊·说话=闲逛·行走(动作的闲和正常)
drawl·slow= prate·aimless懒洋洋说·慢=闲聊·无目的(正面特征)
(同)chat,babble,chatter gabble,prattle,vaunt
preach [] vt,vi,传道,讲道,鼓吹,宣讲,说教(to deliver a sermon)
(类)preacher·sermon=nitpicker·criticize= quibbler·cavil
传教士·布道=吹毛求疵者·挑剔=吹毛求疵者·挑剔(正面特征)
(同)evangelize,sermonize,preachify,sermonize
precarious [] adj,不稳定的(characterized by a lack of security)
(反)precarious ◆ secure/ stable/ safe/ firmly grounded
不稳定的 ◆ 安全的/ 稳定的/ 安全的/ 稳定的
(同)doubtful,ambiguous,dubious,equivocal,impugnable,indecisive
(记)pre 提前+cari(=care当心)提前当心→危险的,不稳定的
precedent [] adj,在先的,先前的 n,先例,前例(prior in time,order)
(类)unique·precedent=unexceptionable·oppose 独一无二的没有先例=无懈可击的无法攻击
simpleton·precedent=turncoat·constancy 笨蛋不会成为典范=变节者不会忠诚不变
preempt·precedence=acquire·possession 取得优先权·优先权=占有·占有物(动宾)
(同)antecedent,anterior,former,past,previous,prior
precipice [] n,悬崖(a very steep or overhanging place)
(类)precipice·steepness=defile·narrowness悬崖·险峻=隘路·狭窄(正面)
(反)precipitous ◆ level陡峭的 ◆ 平坦的
precipitate [] v,加速,使突然陷入;adj,匆忙的,鲁莽的(to bring about abruptly)
(反)precipitate ◆ retard/dilatory/deliberate 加速的/匆忙的 ◆ 减速的/缓慢的/有准备的
(例)precipitate a country into a crisis使一个国家突然陷入危机
precipitation [] n.急躁;降雨(量)(something precipitated)
(类)snow·precipitation=hurricane·cyclone 雪·降水=飓风·气旋 (种属)
(同)haste,hastiness,hurriedness,precipitancy,rush
precipitous [] adj,非常陡峭的(very steep,perpendicular)
(反)precipitous ◆ gradually sloping/slope slowly 非常陡峭的 ◆ 逐渐倾斜/慢慢倾斜
(同)abrupt,hasty,headlong,hurried,impetuous,
preclude [] v,预防;阻止(prevent)
(反)preclude ◆ to make possible/enclose 阻止 ◆ 使可能/ 装入
(例)Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor,谦逊阻止我接受这一荣誉
precocious [] adj,早熟的,尤指心理早熟的
(记)pre(早)+coc(=cook 烹调,煮)联想:过早烹调→早熟,早成
preconception [ ] n,先入之见,成见
precursor [] n,先驱者,先导
(反)precursor ◆ sequela 先驱 ◆ 后继者
precursory ◆ derivative 先驱的 ◆ 衍生而来的
(同)ancestor,antecedent,foregoer,predecessor,prototype
predecessor [] n,前任,先辈
(类)legacy·predecessor=gift·donor 遗产来自先辈=赠品来自捐赠人
(同)forerunner,ancestor,antecedent,foregoer,precursor
predilection [] n,爱好,偏袒
(反)predilection ◆ propensity to dislike 爱好 ◆ 倾向于讨厌
(记)pre(倾向)+dilect(=delight 高兴)→爱好 参考,dilettante业余爱好者
predicament [ ] n.困境
predisposition [] n,易患病的体质;倾向,癖性
preeminent [] adj,优秀的,卓越的(having paramount rank,dignity)
(类)preeminence·importance=preponderance·weight 卓越具有重要性=优势具有分量
(反)preeminent ◆ negligibility 卓越的 ◆ 可忽略,不重要
efface ◆ bring to preeminent 抹去 ◆ 使出类拔萃
(同)incomparable,surpassing,transcendent,unequalable,unsurpassable
(例)the king traveled to boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation.
preempt [] v,以先买权取得,取代(take precedence over)
(类)preempt·precedence=acquire·possession 取得优先权·优先权=占有·占有物(动宾)
preen [] v,整理羽毛;打扮修饰(primp)自满(to take pride in (oneself))
(类)preen·self-satisfaction=fume·anger 自满·自我满意=发怒· 愤怒(同义)
ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢
(反)preen ◆ rumple 打扮 ◆ 弄皱
preface [] n,序文,前言(the introductory remarks of a speaker)
(类)preface·book=overture·symphony 前言·书序=曲·交响乐(事物及开始)
(反)preface ◆ epilogue 前言 ◆ 尾声
prefatory ◆ conclusive 前言的 ◆ 结尾的
pregnant [] adj,含有深意的;有创造力的(inventive)
(反)inane ◆ expressive/ meaningful/ pregnant/ significant/ weighty
空洞/空虚 ◆ 富于表情的/ 意味深长的/ 充满的/ 有意义的/ 有影响力的
prejudice
premeditate [ ] v,预先考虑;预谋(plan in advance)
(反)premeditated ◆ offhand/ spontaneous 预谋的 ◆ 即兴的/自发的
preoccupation [] n,全神贯注(extreme concern with something);当务之急
(反)preoccupation ◆ unconcern 全神贯注 ◆ 漠不关心
preponderant [] adj,占优势的,压倒性的 (having superior weight)
(类)preponderance·weight=preeminence·importance 优势有分量=卓越有重要性
(反)preponderant ◆ commensurate/subsidiary 优势的 ◆ 相称的/辅助的
preponderate ◆ secondary 重要的 ◆ 次要的
(同)ascendant,paramount,predominant,prevalent,sovereign
prepossessing [] adj,吸引人的,有魅力的 (attractive)
(反)unprepossessing ◆ entrancing/winsome 不吸引人的 ◆ 使入神的/迷人的
preposterous [] adj,荒谬的(contrary to nature,reason,or common)
(反)preposterous ◆ commonsensical 荒谬的 ◆ 常识的
(同)foolish,absurd,crazy,harebrained,insane,loony,silly,wacky
(记)pre前+poster后→前后颠倒的→荒谬的 参考:posterior较晚的,后部的
prerogative [ ] n,独有的权利,特权
list 26 presage -------- purlieu
presage [] vt,成为...的前兆,预示,预言(foretell,predict)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(同)betoken,bode,forebode,foreshadow,omen,promise
(例)the vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert.
prescience [] n,预知,先见(foreknowledge of events)
(类)prescience·future=erudition·esoteric 预知·未来=博学·深奥
prescient·predict=dexterous·manipulate 预见性的·预言=灵巧的·熟练操作
(反)myopia ◆ prescience 短见的 ◆ 预计
prescription [] n,处方;命令,指示
(类)indiscretion·convention=overdose·prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)
prescriptive [ ] a,规定的,指定的,约定俗成的
preservative [] n,预防法,预防药,防腐剂
(类)preservative·decay=anchor·drifting=censorship·communication =seal·leakage
防腐剂·腐烂=锚·飘流=审查·信息=密封·泄漏(防止关系)
prestige [] n,声望,威望(standing in the eyes of people)
(类)abase·prestige=damp·ardor 降低地位·特权=抑制·热情 (动宾关系)
eclipse·prestige=enfeeble·vigor 丧失威望·声望=使衰弱·精力(动作及其对象)
presumptuous [] adj,放肆的(taking liberties)
(类)presumptuous·propriety=transgression·morality 放肆·恰当=犯罪·道德(违反关系)
(反)presumptuous ◆ humble 专横的 ◆ 微贱的
(同) brash,overconfident,overweening,presuming,pushing,uppity
pretense [] n,虚假,伪装
(类)pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 假装·欺骗=警告·责备(目的)
(同)mask,cloak,facade,guise,masquerade
preternatural [] adj,超自然的,超乎寻常的(extraordinary)
(反)preternatural ◆ ordinary / prosaic 超乎寻常的 ◆ 平凡的
prevail [] vi,获胜,成功(to gain ascendancy through strength)
(反)prevail ◆ yielding 获胜 ◆ 屈服
(同)conquer,overcome,triumph,rule,predominate,preponderate,reign
prevalent [] adj,流行的,普遍的(generally or widely accepted)
(反)prevalent ◆ unusual/absent 普遍的 ◆ 与众不同的/缺少的
(同)overbearing,paramount,predominant,preponderant,sovereign
prevaricate [] vi,支吾搪塞,撒谎(to deviate from the truth)
(类)prevarication·deceive=blandishment·coax 搪塞·欺骗=哄诱·哄(行为及其目的)
prevaricater·mislead=philanthropist·endow 支吾搪塞者·误导=慈善家·捐赠(正面特征)
(反)prevarication ◆ veracity 支吾搪塞 ◆ 说真话
(例)some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard the
statement as a "white lie." 出于好意搪塞是合情理的,人们称之为“white lie”
primacy [] n,首位,卓越
primordial [] adj,原始的(existing in the beginning)
(反)primordial ◆ most recent 原始的 ◆ 最近的
(同)early,primitive,primary,prime
primp [] vt,vi,精心打扮(to dress,adorn in a finicky manner)
(类)primp·vain=gloat·smug 打扮·虚荣=心满意足·自鸣得意的(动作表内心)
(记)imp小鬼;联想:打扮得象小鬼一样。

principal [] adj,主要的,重要的(most important,consequential)
(反)principal ◆ subordinate 主要的 ◆ 次要的
pristine [] adj,原始的,纯净的,质朴的(not spoiled,corrupted;original,pure)
(类)pristine·decay=stable·fluctuation=still·movement
原始的·腐烂=稳定的·起伏=静止的·运动(反义)
adulterate·pristine= demand·satisfactory=dismantle·unity
掺假·纯净=苛求·满意=拆除·完整(行为及其消除对象)
(反)pristine ◆ taint/ squalid contaminated/ corrupted by civilization
纯洁的 ◆ 污点的/ 肮脏的/ 污染的/ 被文明破坏了的
privation [] n.缺乏,穷困(the state of being deprived)
(反)privation ◆ repletion 缺乏 ◆ 充满
(同)absence,dearth,default,defect,lack,want
probe [] v,探索,探查(to make a searching exploratory investigation)
(类)probe·investigate=cavil·criticize 探索是深入的调查=挑剔是苛刻的批评
(派)probation试用期
probity [] n,正直 (adherence to the highest principles)
(反)probity ◆ unscrupulousness/shiftness 正直 ◆ 狂妄/ 奸诈
improbity ◆ honesty 不正直 ◆ 诚实
(同)morality,rectitude,righteousness,rightness,uprightness,virtue
proclamation [] n,宣布,文告,公告,声明
proclivity [] n,癖性,偏好(a natural propensity or inclination)
(反)proclivity ◆ aversion/ antipathy/ disinclination 倾向 ◆ 厌恶/ 反感/ 憎恶
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procrastinate [] v,耽搁,拖延
(类)alacrity·procrastinate=husbandry·dissipate 爽快·拖延=节约·挥霍
dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖拉的·耽搁=不满的·抱怨 (同义)
(反)procrastination ◆ diligence 懒散 ◆ 勤奋
(同)delay,dally,dawdle,linger,loiter,poke,put off,tarry
procure [] vt,获得,取得,促成(to get possession of)
(反)procure ◆ relinquish 获得 ◆ 放弃
prod [] vt,戳,刺;刺激 (to incite to action:stir)
(类)nudge·prod=doze·sleep 轻推·推动=瞌睡·睡觉(程度)
(反)prod ◆ rein 刺激 ◆ 抑制

prodigal [] adj,浪费的,挥霍的,放荡的
(类)generosity·prodigality=courage·rashness 慷慨·挥霍=勇气·鲁莽(褒贬)
prodigality·spending=gluttony·eating 浪费·花费=暴食·吃(过度与正常)
spendthrift·prodigal=miser·parsimonious 挥霍者·挥霍的=守财奴·吝啬的(正面特征)
(反)prodigal ◆ frugal/ parsimonious 浪费的 ◆ 节省的/ 吝啬的
prodigality ◆ penury / husbandry 浪费挥霍 ◆ 贫困/节约
(同)profuse,exuberant,lavish,luxuriant,opulent,profusive,riotous
prodigious [] adj,庞大的,巨大的 异常的,惊人的
prodigy [] n.惊人的事物,不凡的人,神童
(类)prodigy·person=miracle·occurrence 不凡的人·人=奇事·事件 (种属)
(反)prodigious ◆ slight 巨大的 ◆ 微小的
(同) marvel,miracle,phenomenon,portent,sensation,stunner
profane [] v,亵渎,玷污
(类)profane·inviolable=pierce·impenetrable= change·immutable
亵渎·不可亵渎的=穿破·无法穿破的=改变·不可改变的
(反)profane ◆ treat relevantly 亵渎 ◆ 体贴的对待
profaned ◆ unviolated/ inviolable 亵渎的 ◆ 未受侵害的/神圣的
(同)obscene,coarse,dirty,filthy,foul,indecent,nasty,smutty,vulgar
proffer [] v,献出,赠送 n,提议(to present for acceptance)
(反)proffer ◆ retain/withhold 提供 ◆ 保留/保留
(同)offer,extend,give,hold out,pose,present,tender
proficient [] adj,熟练的,精通的
(反)proficient ◆ inept/incompetent 精通的 ◆ 无能的/无法胜任的
profligate [] adj,挥金如土的 n,挥霍者(wildly extravagant)
(类)profligate·money=querulous·words
挥金如土的·金钱=多话的·话(形容词及其相关对象)
profligate·solvent=mercurial·committed
挥霍的·还得起债的=活泼多变的·受约束的(反义)
(反)profligate ◆ parsimonious/ provident/ thrift/ economize/ frugality
挥霍的 ◆ 吝啬的/ 节俭的/ 节俭的/ 节俭/ 节俭
(同)abandoned,dissolute,licentious,reprobate,unprincipled
(例)the profligacy and dissolution of life in caligula's rome appall some historians.
profundity [] n,深奥,深刻
(反)profundity ◆ superficiality 深刻 ◆ 肤浅
profusion [] n.丰富,大量,浪费 (great quantity:lavish)
(反)profusion ◆ paucity 大量 ◆ 极小量
profuse ◆ scanty 丰富的 ◆ 缺乏的
prohibitive [] adj,(价格)昂贵的,让人望而却步的;禁止的;阻止的
(类)veto·prohibitive=overture·introductory 否决·禁止的=引言·引言的(名形同义)
peremptory·dispute=prohibitive·purchase专横的阻止争辩=价格过高的阻止购买
proliferate [] v,增生扩散(to increase in number by proliferating)
(反)proliferate ◆ decrease in mount/dwindle 增生 ◆ 数量减少/缩小
barren ◆ prolific 不育的 ◆ 大量繁殖的
prolix [] adj.罗嗦的,冗长的(marked by or using an excess of words)
(类)aphorism·prolix euphemism·offensive=格言不会冗长的=委婉的说法不会令人不快的
(反)prolix ◆ pithy / taciturn / terse 冗长的 ◆ 精炼的/沉默寡言的/精炼的
prolixity ◆ succinctness / conciseness / extreme brevity 冗长 ◆ 简洁/简洁/非常简洁
(同)wordy,diffuse,redundant,verbose,windy
prologue [] n,序言(an introduction or a preface)
(类)prologue·novel=preamble·statute 序言·小说=导言·法令
(反)prologue ◆ epilogue 序言 ◆ 结尾
prolong [] vt,延长,拖延(to lengthen in extent,scope,or range)
(反)prolong ◆ truncate 延长 ◆ 截短
(同)extend,draw,elongate,lengthen,prolongate,protract,stretch
proofread [] vt,校对(to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections)
(类)diagnose·treat=proofread·correct诊断·治疗=校对·纠正(目的)
(记)proof(证据)+read→为找错误证据进行的阅读→校正
promulgate [] vt,正式宣布(announce officially)
(反)promulgate ◆ keep secret 正式宣布 ◆ 保密
propagate [] vt.繁殖;传播,普及(to cause to spread out)
(反)propagate ◆ check/ fail to mutiply 普及 ◆ 阻遏/没有普及
propagation ◆ extirpation 繁殖 ◆ 根除
(同)circulate,diffuse,disperse,disseminate,distribute,strew
propensity [] n,习性;倾向(an often intense natural inclination)
(反)propensity ◆ aversion 倾向 ◆ 厌恶
(同)disposition,inclination,penchant,predilection,proclivity
prophetic [] adj,预言的,预示的(foretelling events:apocalyptic,oracular)
(类)oracle·prophecy=mentor·guidance神谕·预言=导师·指导(人物及职能)
propitiate [] vt,慰抚,安抚,和解(to gain or regain the favor)
(类)implacable·propitiated=inalienable·surrendered
不可平息的·平息的=不可剥夺的·放弃所有的(反义)
(反)propitiate ◆ incense / antagonize/ arouse hostility 劝解 ◆ 激怒/ 使反感/ 引起对抗
(同)pacify,appease,assuage,conciliate,mollify,placate,sweeten
propitious [] adj,适合的;吉祥的,慈悲的(favorably disposed)
(反)propitious ◆ unfavorable/inauspicious 吉利的 ◆ 不利的/不吉利的
(同)favorable,auspicious,benign,bright,fortunate,white
proponent [] n,建议者,支持者
(反)proponent ◆ detractor 支持者 ◆ 诋毁者
propound [] v,提出…供讨论(to offer for discussion or consideration)
(记)来自propose v,建议,向…提议
propriety [] n.适当
(类)indecorous·propriety=boorish·sensitivity 不得体的·适当=粗野的·敏感(缺乏关系)
prosaic [] adj,单调的,无趣的,平凡的
(反)prosaic ◆ exceptional / imaginary / exciting / extraordinary / preternatural
平凡的 ◆ 杰出的 / 想象的 / 令人兴奋的 / 杰出的 / 超自然的
ingenious ◆ prosaic 有独创性的 ◆ 平凡的(干扰:spontaneous)
(同)commonplace,everyday,lowly,mundane,workaday,workday
prose [] n,散文;平凡,乏味
proscribe [] v.(当作危险物而)禁止,排斥(to condemn or forbid)
(反)proscribe ◆ sanction 禁止 ◆ 允许
proscribed ◆ permitted 禁止的 ◆ 允许的
proscription ◆ permission 禁止 ◆ 允许
(同)sentence,condemn,damn,doom,prohibit
prosecution [] n,实行;经营;起诉
(类)prosecution·conviction=mediation·compromise
起诉·定罪=调停·妥协(动作及其结果)
proselytize [] vi,劝诱改宗(to recruit or convert especially to a new faith or cause)
(类)proselytizer·convert=hunter·quarry 劝诱改宗的人寻求皈依者=猎人寻求猎物
proselytizer·convert=salesperson·buy 劝诱改宗的人劝别人皈依=售货员劝别人购买
prospect [] v,探察,考察(to explore(a region) for mineral deposits or oil.)
(类)prospect·mineral=investigate·information 勘探矿产·矿产=调查·信息
prosperous [] adj,成功的,繁盛的,幸运的(enjoying vigorous and healthy growth)
(类)palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=严峻的·严肃
(反)prosperous ◆ depressed 繁荣的 ◆ 萧条的
impecunious ◆ wealthy/prosperous/affluent 贫穷的 ◆ 富有的/繁荣的/富裕的
(同)flourishing,booming,prospering,roaring,robust
prostrate [] adj,拜倒的,降伏的,伏地的(stretched out with face on the ground in
adoration or submission);沮丧的;衰竭的
(反)prostrate ◆ erect / upright 伏地的 ◆ 直立的/垂直的
(同)prone,decumbent,flat,procumbent,reclining,recumbent
protagonist [] n,主演,主角,主唱者
protean [] adj,千变万化的,变化不定的(displaying great diversity)
(类)protean·rigid=circular·asymmetrica 变化多端的·呆板的=圆形的·不对称的(反义)
(反)protean ◆ static 变化不定的 ◆ 固定的
(同)changeable,fluid,mobile,mutable,unsettled,unstable,variable
protocol [] n,外交礼节,协议
(类)protocol·blunder=bumper·damage 外交礼节·大错误=缓冲器·伤害 (防止关系)
protract [] v.延长,拖长(to prolong in time or space)
(类)protract·length=throng·number 延长·长度=群集·数量 (动宾关系)
(反)protract ◆ curtail/ abridge/ abbreviate 延长 ◆ 缩减/删减/缩短
transient ◆ protracted 短暂 ◆ 拖延的
(同)extend,elongate,lengthen,prolongate,stretch
protrude [] v.突出(to push or thrust outward)
(反)protrude ◆ concave 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)trude伸出 参考:extrude 伸出 intrude闯入protrusive突出的
protuberant [] adj,隆起的,凸出的,显著的(prominent,obtrusive)
(反)protuberant ◆ depressed 突起的 ◆ 下陷的
protrude ◆ concave 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
protuberance ◆ concavity 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)tuber块茎,凸起
provident [] adj,深谋远虑的;节俭的
(反)provident ◆ profligate 节俭的 ◆ 挥霍的
(同)chary,economical,frugal,saving,scotch,thrifty
(例)in his usual provident manner,he had insured himself against this type of loss.
providential [] adj,天意的,幸运的(happening as if through divine intervention)
(反)providential ◆ unfortunate/mishap 幸运的 ◆ 不幸的
(同)opportune,lucky,fortunate,happy,well
(记)来自providence天意 比较:provide provident providence providential provision
providing provided provisional provisionary provisory

provincial [] adj,省的,地方的,偏狭的(limited in outlook)
(类)provincial·cosmopolitan=bigot·tolerant 狭隘的不会四海为家=不容异己的人不会容忍
(反)ecumenical ◆ factionalism/provincial 世界范围的 ◆ 党派主义/狭隘的
(同)insular,local,parochial,sectarian,small-town,narrow
provisional [] adj.暂时的,暂定的,临时的(serving for the time being)
(反)provisional ◆ definitive 暂时性的 ◆ 决定性的
(同)conditional,provisionary,provisory,tentative,temporary
provisory [] adj,有附文的,有附带条件的,暂时的
(反)provisory ◆ unconditional 有条件的 ◆ 无条件的
(同)conditional,provisional,provisionary,tentative
provoke [] vt,激怒,惹起,驱使(to call forth)
(类)taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 嘲弄·挑拨=密谋·以智取胜(目的)
(反)choleric ◆ difficult to provoke 易怒的 ◆ 难以激怒的
jejune ◆ thought provoking 枯燥乏味的 ◆ 发人深省的
(同)evoke,irritate,aggravate,inflame,pique,rile,roil
prowess [] n,英勇,勇敢(distinguished bravery)
(反)prowess ◆ timid 英勇 ◆ 胆怯
(同)heroism,gallantry,valiance,valor
prowl [] v,巡游以猎取食物(to move about stealthily in or as if in search of prey)
(类)prowl·prey=reconnoiter·information巡游·猎物=侦察·信息 (目的)
prude [] n,装成规矩的女人,过分正经的女人
(类)prude·proper=fanatic·devoted 过分正经的人·正经的=狂热者·投入的
(同)bluenose,goody-goody,prig,puritan
prudent [] adj,审慎的,精明的,节俭的(marked by circumspection)
(类)prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 谨慎·蛮勇的人=睿智·笨蛋
(反)fool ◆ prudent傻的 ◆ 精明的
(同)discreet,wise,judgmatic,judicious,sage,sane,sapient,sensible
prudery [] n,过分拘谨,故作正经,假道学(prude)
(记)与crude粗鲁正好形成对比
prudish [] adj,装淑女样子的,过分规矩的(marked by prudery)
(类)modest·prudish=scholarly·pedantic 正派的·过分规矩的=学者的·学究的(褒贬)
prudish·propriety=finicky·quality 过分规矩的·适当=过分讲究的·质量
(同)prim,genteel,priggish,prissy,proper,puritanical,
(例)He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners.
prune [] n.梅干;v.修剪
(类)prune·hedge=trim·hair修整·障碍物=整理修整·头发
prune·plum=raisin·grape梅干·梅子(李子)=葡萄干·葡萄(水果干和水果)
(例)with the help of her editor,she was able to prune her manuscript into publishable form.
pry [] v 刺探,打听(to look closely or inquisitively);撬开
(类)pry·watch=connive·cooperate 窥探·注视=暗中合作·合作(偷偷和正常)
prying·inquisitive=garish·colorful 爱打听的·好奇的=过分妆饰的·华丽的(褒贬)
pseudonym [] n,假名;笔名
(类)pseudonym·name=mask·face? 假名·名字=面具·脸(掩饰关系)
psychology [] n,心理学,心理状态
(类)motivation·psychologist=fungi·ecologist 动机·心理学家=真菌·生态学家(研究对象)
pucker [] v,折叠;噘嘴(to contract into folds or wrinkles)
(类)pucker·mouth=squint·eye 噘嘴·嘴巴=斜视·眼(人物器官及其特殊形态)
puckish [] adj.精灵似的;爱恶作剧的,淘气的,顽皮的
(反)puckish ◆ sober / grave / staid 淘气的 ◆ 严肃的/严肃的/>认真的
(同)playful,impish,mischievous,prankish,waggish,wicked

puerile [] adj,幼稚的,儿童的(childish,immature,infantile )
(反)puerile ◆ sagacious 幼稚的 ◆ 精明的
(例)his puerile pranks sometimes offended his more mature friends,【注】pranks胡闹
puffery [] n,极力称赞,夸大广告,吹捧(puff)
puissance [] n,权力,权势,力量,影响(power; might)
(反)puissance ◆ powerlessness 权势 ◆ 没有影响
(例)we must keep his friendship for he will make a puissant ally.
(记)谐音:溥仪三思。联想:末代皇帝每天再三思考怎样夺回权力。参考:puissant强有力的
pulchritude [] n,美丽(physical comeliness)
(反)pulchritude ◆ ugliness/ homeliness 美丽 ◆ 丑陋/不好看
pulchritudinous ◆ hideous 美丽的 ◆ 丑陋的
pullet [] n,小母鸡;小姑娘
(类)pullet·chicken=filly·horse 小母鸡·鸡=小雌马·马
pulverize [] v,研磨成粉,破坏(to reduce as by crushing to very small particles:atomize)
(反)pulverize ◆ solidify 粉碎 ◆ 巩固
(同)destroy,decimate,demolish,destruct,dynamite,
pun [] n,双关语(a joke using words with similar sounds or two different meanings)
(类)pun·joke=supernova·star=termite·insect
双关语·玩笑=超新星·恒星=白蚁· 昆虫(种属)
punch line n.(笑话的)妙语(the sentence,statement,or phrase as in a joke that makes the point)
(类)joke·punch line=plot·denouement 笑话·妙语=情节·结局(事物之结局)
【注】所谓妙语就是中国相声中那句抖开包袱的话;至此笑话结束。
punctilious [] adj,注意细节的,一丝不苟的;拘泥于细节的,刻板的
(反)punctilious ◆ remiss / slipshod 一丝不苟的 ◆ 玩忽职守的 / 马虎的
(同)conscientious,exact,fussy,meticulous,painstaking,scrupulous
(记)punc(针,刺)联想:连针尖大小的东西都→一丝不苟;参考:puncture刺
pundit [] n.权威人士,专家(pandit,teacher,critic)
(类)authoritativeness·pundits=allegiance·partisans 权威·权威人士=忠诚·党徒(正面特征)
pungent [] adj,辛辣的,刺激性的,严厉的 (causing a sharp or irritating sensation)
(类)pungent·odor=caustic·comment 刺激性的·气味=刻薄的·评论
(反)pungency ◆ blandness 辛辣 ◆ 乏味
(同)peppery,piquant,poignant,racy,snappy,spicy,zesty
puny [] adj,微小的,弱小的,微不足道的 (slight in power,size,or importance)
(类)puny·weakly=measly·contemptibly 微不足道的·软弱的=微不足道的·卑微的(同义)
(反)puny ◆ enormous 微小的 ◆ 巨大的
(同) measly,niggling,paltry,piddling,trifling,trivial
(例)our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile.
purity [] n.纯净,纯洁,纯度(the quality or state of being pure)
(类)distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏·纯度=发酵·体积 (前者加强后者)
purify·imperfection=verify·doubtfulness 净化·不完美=查证·疑问(前者消除后者)
purification·dross=desalinization·salt 提纯剩下糟粕=脱盐剩下盐分
impurity·filter=mosquito·netting 杂质·过滤器=蚊子·用网捕捉
purist·adulteration=stickler·approximation 纯粹主义者反对搀假=坚持己见的人反对近似
(反)inviolable ◆ profane/ impure 不可亵渎的 ◆ 亵渎的/不纯的
purlieu [] n,森林边缘地;常去的地方(a frequently visited place)
(类)extraordinary·purlieu=taut·commodiousness 非凡的·平常=紧张的·宽松(反义)
(反)purlieu ◆ an unfrequent place/infrequently visited place 常去的地方 ◆ 不常见的地方
list 27 purloin-----------redolent
purloin [] vt.vi,偷窃,盗取(to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of trust)
(类)lurk·wait= abscond·depart (干扰:purloin·appropriate 盗窃·盗用)
潜伏·等=潜逃·离开 (偷偷·正常)
(同)steal,appropriate,cabbage,filch,pilfer,pinch,thieve
purvey [] v.(大量)供给,供应
(类)vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 卖主·供给=审查员·删除(人及典型行为)
pusillanimous [] adj,懦弱的(lacking courage and resolution)
(反)pusillanimous ◆ stouthearted/dauntless/valianc 胆小的 ◆ 胆大勇猛的
temerity ◆ pusillanimity/circumspection 卤莽 ◆ 优柔寡断/慎重
(同)coward,craven,gutless,poltroon,spunkless
quack [] v,鸭呷呷叫n,庸医,骗子
(反)quack ◆ honest practitioner?骗子 ◆ 诚实从业者
quaff [] vt,vi,一口气喝干,大口地喝(to drink(a beverage)deeply)
(类)quaff·sip=stride·mince 大口喝·啜饮=迈大步走·碎步走(程度)
(记)谐音“夸父”联想:夸父追日追得口渴,所以要大口饮水。
quail [] vi,胆怯,畏缩(to recoil in dread or terror)
(反)quail ◆ become resolute/ give bold 畏缩 ◆ 变得坚决/ 使大胆
qualified [] adj,合格的,受限制的 (limited or modified in some way)
(类)qualify·general=mitigate·severe 限定·一般的=减轻·严重的(消除关系)
(反)qualified ◆ unreserved/ absolute/ categorical 受限制的 ◆ 无受限制的/ 绝对的/ 绝对的
qualm [ ] n,疑惧,忧虑;内疚,良心责备
quandary [] n,困惑,窘境,进退两难(a state of perplexity or doubt)
(反)quandary ◆ state of complete certainty 进退两难 ◆ 胸有成竹
(记)谐音“宽带”联想:宽带网由于价格问题目前的发展处于进退两难。
quarantine [] n,隔离检疫期,隔离(to isolate from normal relations)
(类)quarantine·contact=embargo·commerce 隔离·接触=禁运·贸易(防止)
quarantine·contamination=safeguard·accident 隔离·污染=保护措施·事故 (防止)
quarry [] n,采石场
(类)quarry·stone=fell·timber=mine·ore
采石场·石头=一季所伐的木材·木材=矿·矿石(采集场所)
【注:fell:the timber cut down in one season】
quarry 2 n.猎物,追求物,出处(one that is sought or pursued)
(类)aspirant·quarry=hunter·prey 有抱负者·目标=狩猎者·猎物(人及其追求对象)
quash [] v,撤销,镇压(to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely)
(反)quash ◆ engender 镇压 ◆ 引起,产生
foment ◆ quash/quell 煽动 ◆ 镇压
(同)annul,abrogate,discharge,dissolve,vacate,
quaver [ 5kweivE ] v,颤抖战栗;发颤音
(类)voice·quaver=hand·tremble 声音·颤音=手·颤抖
quell [] vt,压制,平息,减轻(to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission)
(类)irrepressible·quell=obdurate·move 镇压不住的难以镇压=冷酷无情的难以打动
(反)quell ◆ foment/instigate/rouse/incite 压制 ◆ 煽动/怂恿/鼓舞/煽动
foment ◆ quash/quell 煽动 ◆ 镇压
(同)annihilate,extinguish,put down,quash,quench,squash,suppress
(例)the police used fire hoses and teat gas to quell the rioters.
quench [] vt,结束,熄灭;冷浸(to cool suddenly by immersion)
(类)damp·quench=tint·suffuse 使潮湿·冷浸=染色于·遍布,充满(程度)
(同)annihilate,extinguish,put down,quash,quell,squash,suppress
querulous [] adj,抱怨的,发牢骚的(habitually complaining)
(类)querulous·words=profligate·money 发牢骚的·话=浪费的·金钱
(同)irritable,fractious,fretful,peevish,petulant,snappish,waspy
(例)his classmates were repelled by his querulous and complaining statements,
queue?[ kju,] n.行列,长队,队列
(类)colonnade·pillar=queue·person 柱廊·柱子=队列·人(组成关系:整齐而且形似)
quibble [] n,遁辞,谬论,双关话 v,推托,诡辩,说模棱两可的话
(类)quibble·cavil =faultfinding·criticize遁词·挑剔=挑剔·批评(程度)
quibbler·cavil=encomiast·eulogize吹毛求疵的人·吹毛求疵=赞美者·赞美(正面特征)
quiescent [] adj,静止的,寂静的(marked by inactivity or repose)
(反)quiescent ◆ rambunctious 平静的 ◆ 骚乱的
quiescence ◆ tumult /action /restless activity 平静 ◆ 骚动/行动/不平静行为
quirk [ ] n,怪癖(an idiosyncrasy),遁辞(a quibble),突发事件
quixotic [] adj,不切实际的,空想的(marked by rash lofty romantic ideas)
(类)quixotic·idealistic=touchy·sensitive 狂想家的·理想主义的=易暴躁的·敏感的
(反)quixotic ◆ displaying consistently practical behavior 不切实际的 ◆ 很实际的行为
(记)来自跟风车大战的 唐·吉柯德(Don Quixot)
quota [] n,配额,限额(a proportional part or share)
(反)quota ◆ unlimited number 限额 ◆ 不限数量
(同)allowance,bite,cut,lot,part,partage,portion,slice
quotidian [] adj.每日的,平凡的
(反)quotidian ◆ remarkable / striking/ extraordinary/ unusual
平凡的 ◆ 不平常的/ 醒目惊人的/ 不平常的
(同)ordinary,plain,routine,unremarkable,usual,workaday
rabble [] n,乌合之众,暴民,下等人
(类)people·rabble=items·hodgepodge 人·乌合之众=名目·大杂烩(组成,杂乱的特征)
rabid [] adj,猛烈的,热烈的,急进的,疯狂的,固执的,狂怒的
(反)rabid ◆ logical/ detached 疯狂的 ◆ 合乎逻辑的/镇静的
(同)furious,delirious,frenetic,mad,wild
raconteur [] n.善于讲故事的人
(类)raconteur·storytelling=wordsmith·writing
善于讲故事的人讲故事=文字匠写作(人及其擅长)
racy [] adj,活泼生动的 (having a strongly marked quality)
(反)tame ◆ racy 乏味的 ◆ 生动的
(同)pungent,peppery,piquant,poignant,snappy,spicy,
(例)she writes racy novels about rich men and beautiful women.
raffish [] adj,粗俗的 (marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness)
(类)ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢
raffish·decorum=merciless·leniency
粗俗的·礼貌=无怜悯心的·宽大的(反义)
raffle [] n,抽彩售货,废物(a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize)
(类)lottery·raffle=(干扰:ticket·admission)
抽彩·抽彩(同义)=入场券·入场(行为动作及其凭证)
rafter [] n,椽;椽架屋顶;筏夫
(类)roof·rafter=table·leg 屋顶·椽子=桌子·腿儿(组成,支撑)
rage [] n,愤怒,情绪激动,狂暴 vi.大怒;狂吹;风行
(类)rage·anger=bigotry·dedication 大怒·生气=顽迷·致力(程度)
infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)
(同)anger,fury,indignation,ire,mad,wrath
ragged [] adj,衣衫褴褛的,参差的,不协调的(torn or worn to tatters)
(类)cloth·ragged=furniture·rickety 织品布料·破烂褴褛的=家具·摇晃的(形修饰名)
(同)frayed,frazzled,shreddy,tattered
(例)his clothes are torn and ragged from living in the woods
rail [] vi,责骂,抱怨to revile or scold in harsh,insolent,or abusive language) n.围栏
(类)rail·vehemence=entreat·urgency 责骂·激烈=乞求· 紧急
(同)scold,berate,jaw,rate,revile,upbraid,vituperate
(记)railway 铁路。 被称为铁老大,每年春节遭到的责骂最多了。
rakish [] adj.放荡的(of,relating to,or characteristic of a rake ;dissolute)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的不抑制=偷懒的不刻苦
(记)rake 本义是耙子。联想:猪八戒的兵器就是耙子,用耙子的猪八戒在高老庄很放荡啊
ramble [] vi,漫步,漫游(to move aimlessly)
(类)travel·ramble=draw·doodle 旅行·漫游=画·涂鸦(正常与特殊)
(同)wander,meander,range,roam,rove,straggle,stray
(记)ram=ran 谐音:跑步→漫步
rambunctious [] adj,粗暴的,难控制的,骚乱的
(反)rambunctious ◆ quiescent 骚乱的 ◆ 平静的
(记)ram公羊bunct撞→公羊乱撞→粗暴的,难控制的 参考:bumper保险杠
rampart [] n,垒,壁垒,城墙(a protective barrier;bulwark)
(类)rampart·barrier=tower·edifice 壁垒·障碍=堡垒·大厦(坚实·正常)
rampart·invasion=levee·flood 壁垒·入侵=大堤·洪水 (防止)
(记)ramp=camp(营地)联想:营地设在堡垒之中。
ramshackle [] adj,摇摇欲坠(appearing ready to collapse)
(类)ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的不稳固=混淆的不清楚
(同)rickety [] 佝偻的,驼背的,摇摆的
(记)ram=ran + shackle手铐,束缚物 联想,束缚物跑了,所以摇摇欲坠了。
rancid [] adj,腐臭的(offensive in odor or flavor)
(同)molodorous,fetid,nidorous,noisome,putrid,smelly,whiffy
(记)词根rank 臭 其本身是一个词,n,等级 adj,恶臭的 联想:等级制度非常腐败,发出恶臭。
rancor [] n.敌意,深仇,怨恨(bitter deep-seated ill will)
(反)rancor ◆ goodwill/charitableness 敌意 ◆ 善意
(同)enmity,animosity,animus,antagonism,antipathy,hostility
randomize [] v,使随机化,完全打乱
(反)randomize ◆ systematize 随机化 ◆ 综合化
(记)random 随机的,任意的
ranger [] n,守林人,骑警,徘徊者
(类)ranger·forest=curator·museum 守林人看管森林=馆长看管博物馆
(记)range 范围 由围开始联想:把林子围起来看着→守林人。
rankle [] v.(怨恨,失望等)难以释怀,激怒(to cause irritation)
(反)rankle ◆ pacify/calm/ mollify 激怒 ◆ 使平静安慰
(同)fester n/v,脓疮,化脓,使烦恼
(例)the memory of having been jilted rankled him for years.
(记)ranc(恨)参考:rank adj,恶臭的,讨厌的,让人恨的
rant [] vt,vi,咆哮,激昂地说(to scold vehemently)
(类)anger·rant=fear·cower 生气·咆哮=害怕·畏缩(因果关系)
(同)orate,declaim,harangue,perorate,rave
rapacious [] adj,强夺的,贪欲的,贪婪的(excessively grasping)
(类)rapacity·covetous=mania·enthusiasm=distraught·troubled
十分贪婪·贪婪的=极端狂热的·热情=发狂的·不平静的(程度)
(同)vovarious,gluttonous,ravenous
(记)来rap抓 参考:rape v,强奸,掠夺 rapt 全神贯注的rapture使狂喜
rapport [] n.和睦,意见一致 (relation marked by harmony,conformity)
(反)rapport ◆ discord 和睦 ◆ 意见不合
(同)harmony,concord,unity
(记)联想support 支持→和睦,意见一致
rapprochement [] n,建立或恢复友谊或和睦关系
(反)rapprochement ◆ estrangement 恢复和睦关系 ◆ 疏远
(同)harmonizing,reconcilement
(记)r(=re)+approch(=approach接近)→重新接近→恢复和睦关系
rapscallion [] n,流氓,恶棍
(类)rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正面特征)
(同)devil,enfant terrible,mischief,rascal,villain
rapt [] adj,全神贯注的,入迷的,出神的 (wholly absorbed)
(类)rapt·distract=intrepid·deter 全神贯注的难以分心=无畏的难以威慑
(反)rapt ◆ distracted 全神贯注的 ◆ 心烦意乱的
(同)absorbed,engaged,engrossed,preoccupied,wrapped
(记)来自rap抓 参考:rapacious 强夺的,贪婪的
rash [] adj,轻率的;鲁莽的 (proceeding from undue haste)
(类)rash·adventurous=obsessed·attracted 轻率的·大胆的=沉迷的·被吸引的(褒贬)
rash·circumspective=imperious·servile轻率的·慎重的=专横的·卑屈的 (反义)
(反)rash ◆ circumspective 鲁莽的 ◆ 谨慎的
(同)brash,hasty,incogitant,reckless,thoughtless,unwary
(记)联想:rush 冲→冲动的,鲁莽的
raisin [] n,葡萄干
(类)raisin·grape=prune·plum 葡萄干·葡萄=梅干·梅子(水果及其干果)
rarefy [] v,使稀薄,变稀薄(to make thin,less compact,or less dense)
(反)rarefy ◆ concentrate /condense /make denser 使稀薄 ◆ 使稠密
rarefaction ◆ condensation 稀薄 ◆ 压缩
(记)rare adj 稀罕的,珍贵的+ fy 转化成动词→使稀薄
raspy [] adj,刺耳的;粗糙的;易怒的
(反)raspy ◆ mellifluous 刺耳的 ◆ (声音音乐)甜美的
(同)irritable,peevish,petulant,prickish,raspish,snappish,waspish
(例)the sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears.
ratify [] vt,认可;批准 (to approve and sanction formally)
(类)repeal·ratification=repatriate·emigration 废止,撤销·批准=遣返·移民(动宾)
ratify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 批准条约=确定假设(动宾关系)
ratiocination [] n,推理,推论(the process of exact thinking)
(类)ratiocination·thinking=articulation·talking
推理是一种清晰的思考=清晰发音是清晰的讲话
(同)conclusion,deduction,illation,judgment,sequitur
ration [] n,定额,定量,配给 (a food allowance for one day)
(类)ration·food=dose·medicine 配给·食物=剂量·药(事物及其定量配给)
rationalize [] v,使合理化;找借口,自圆其说,文过饰非(明明做错还要找借口)
(类)rationalization·plausible=obfuscation·indiscernible
文过饰非·给人假象的=困惑·难识别的(正面特征)
(记)来自rational,adj.理性的,合理的,推理的
(记)He tried to prove that he was not at fault,but he was obviously rationalizing.
他想证明错不在他,但他显然是在找借口。
ravel [] vt,使纠缠,使混乱,解开,弄清(to separate the texture)
(反)ravel ◆ knit 拆开 ◆ 编织结合
(同)entangle,muddle,perplex,snarl,tangle
ravage [] v,使荒芜,彻底毁坏,蹂躏,劫掠
(例)A tornado ravaged the countryside,一阵龙卷风摧毁了乡村
rave [] v.咆哮 n,过分赞扬,吹捧狂热的观点(an extravagantly favorable criticism)
(反)rave ◆ pan 极力赞扬 ◆ 严厉的批判
ravenous [] adj,贪婪的,饿极的,渴望的,狼吞虎咽的 (very eager or greedy for food,
satisfaction,or gratification)
ravish [] v,强夺;吸引
(类)ravishing·attractive=perspicacious·discerning
令人陶醉的·吸引人的=聪颖的·有洞察力的
raze [] vt.破坏,抹去(to destroy to the ground;demolish)
(反)raze ◆ build 摧毁 ◆ 建造
reactant [] n,反应物
(反)reactant ◆ inert material 反应物 ◆ 惰性物质
reactionary [] adj.反动的,反对变革的
(类)contumacious·authority= reactionary·change 不听命令的反权威=反动变革的反变化
(反)votary ◆ reactionary 信仰者 ◆ 怀疑者
readily [ ] ad,不迟疑地,迅速地,轻易地
ream [] n,令;大量的纸(a quantity of paper )
(类)ream·paper=cord·wood 令·纸=木头的单元·木头=亩·土地(事物及其计量单位)
【注:cord:a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or 128 cubic feet】
reap [] v,收割,收获(to gather by reaping)
(类)scythe·reaper=axe·woodcutter 镰刀·收割者=斧子·伐木者 (人及工具)
(反)reap ◆ plant 收割 ◆ 种植
(同)garner,gather,harvest,ingather
reassure [] v,使安心,安慰(to restore to confidence)
(类)reassure·doubt=perturb·serenity 使安心·疑虑=扰乱·平静(消除关系)
reassure·uneasiness=feed·hunger 使安心·不安=喂·饥饿(消除关系)
(反)formidable ◆ reassuring 困难的 ◆ 可靠的
rebuff [] vt,严厉拒绝(to reject or criticize sharply)
(反)rebuff ◆ approve/welcome 严厉拒绝 ◆ 赞同/欢迎
(同)hold off,keep off,rebut,repel,repulse,snub stave off
recalcitrant [] adj.固执的,顽抗的
(类)recalcitrant·obey=incongruent·conform 顽固的·服从=不和谐的·一致
recalcitrant·resist=fastidious·outshine 反抗的·抵抗=挑剔的·胜过(正面特征)
(反)recalcitrant ◆ amenable/submissive 顽固的 ◆ 服从的
(同)unruly,fractious,indomitable,intractable,unmanageable,wild
(记)re(强调)+ calci(= calcium钙)联想:象钙一样硬→固执的,顽抗的
recant [] vi,取消前言,放弃信仰,公开认错(to make a formal retraction or disavowal of a
previously held statement or belief)
(类)recantation·error=confession·crime 公开认错·错误=招供·罪行 (动作及其相关对象)
recantation·heresy=apostasy·faith 放弃信仰·异端=背教·信仰(动作及其相关对象)
(反)recant ◆ reaffirm 取消前言 ◆ 重申,再肯定
(同)abjure,forswear,recall,retract,withdraw
(记)re(重新)+cant(唱)→重新唱新调→放弃以前的信仰或声明 参考:cantata 清唱,大合唱
recast,[] v.1重新浇铸 2.重新塑造,改写
recess [] n,暂停,休息,课间休息;凹处,凹室
recessive [] adj,后退的;隐性的
(反)recessive ◆ dominant 隐性的 ◆ 显性的
recidivism [] n,累犯,重犯 (relapse into criminal behavior)
(类)recidivism·relapse=rehabilitation·convalesce =pundit·opine
重犯·再发=复原·康复=博学者·发表意见(正面特征)
reciprocate [] vi,往复运动;互换;酬答(to move forward and backward)
(反)reciprocating ◆ moving unidirectional 往复运动 ◆ 单向运动
(同)recompense,requite,retaliate,return

reckless [] adj,不注意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的(careless of consequences)
(反)reckless ◆ circumspect/ measured 草率的 ◆ 慎重的/有规则的
(同)adventurous,audacious,daredevil,foolhardy,rash,temerarious,venturesome,venturous
recluse [] n,隐遁者,遁世者(a person who leads a secluded life)
(类)recluse·compassion=turncoat·consistency 隐遁者·同情=背叛者·一致性(反面特征)
recluse·crowd=shirk·duty=claustrophobia·enclosure
隐遁逃避人群=推卸逃避责任=幽闭恐怖症逃避关闭
recluse·gregariousness=poseur·sincerity
隐遁者·群居性=装模作样的人·真诚(反面特征)
recluse·solitude=toady·favor 隐遁者争取孤单=献媚者争取好感
recluse·withdrawn=bigot·biased=roisterer·carouse
隐遁者·隐退=狭隘者· 偏见的=闹饮者·痛饮(正面特征)
(反)recluse ◆ social 隐遁的 ◆ 群居的
(同)secluded,cloistered,hermetic,sequestered
recognize v,认出,识别;承认,认可;赏识,表彰
(派)recognized adj,公认的; 经过证明的; 普遍接受的
recoil [] vi,退却,畏缩,撤退(to fall back under pressure);报应
(反)recoil ◆ advance 退缩 ◆ 前进
(同)blanch,blench,flinch,quail,shrink,squinch,start,wince
(记)coil v.盘旋,卷→卷回去→退却,缩回
reconcile [] vt,使和解,调停(to make consistent or congruous)
(反)rift ◆ reconciliation 矛盾 ◆ 和解
recondite [] adj,深奥的,难解的(not easily understood;abstruse)
(类)recondite·fathom = tenacious·eradicate深奥的·理解=顽强的·根除(难以)
(反)recondite ◆ widely understood/ patent/ self explain/ self-evident/ easy comprehension
深奥的 ◆ 广泛的被理解的/ 显著的/ 不言自明的/ 不言自明的/ 容易理解的
(同)abstruse,esoteric,hermetic,occult,orphic,profound,secret
(记)cond隐藏→意思隐藏很深的→深奥的,难解的 参考:condiment调味品
reconnaissance []vi,侦察,勘查(an exploratory military survey of enemy territory)
(类)reconnoiter·information=prowl·prey 侦察·信息=巡游·猎物(动宾关系)
reconstitute [] vt,重新组成,重新设立;加水使恢复
(反)reconstitute ◆ dehydrate 加水使恢复 ◆ 脱水
reconvene [] vt 重新集合,重新召集
(类)disperse·reconvene=dismiss·reinstate 驱散·重新集合=解雇·复职(反义)
rectify [] v,订正,校正(to set right)
(类)rectify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 订正·条约=确定·假设 (动宾关系)
rectify疑为ratify
(同)amend,emend,right 参考:correct改正,纠正
rectitude [] n,正直,公正,清廉(moral integrity)
(类)rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse 正直·违法=锋利的·钝的(反义)
(反)rectitude ◆ inequity 公正 ◆ 不公正
(同)morality,probity,righteousness,uprightness,virtue
recumbent [] adj,靠着的,斜躺着的,不活动的,休息的
(反)recumbent ◆ standing up 斜躺着的 ◆ 站直的
recuperate [] v,复原(to regain a former state or condition)
(反)recuperative ◆ debilitating 有回复力的 ◆ 疲惫不堪的
(同)ameliorate,convalesce,gain,mend,perk
(例)the doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate rapidly。
(记)re+cup(=cap抓住)→重新抓住→复原 参考:captive俘虏
redeem [ ] v,赎回;履行,实践;补偿
(例)to redeem my watch赎回我的手表to redeem one's promise履行诺言
redemptive [ ] adj,赎回的;救赎的,救世的
redistribution [] n,重新分配,再区分
(类)inequity·redistribution=illiteracy·education 不公正·重新分配=文盲·教育(消除关系)
redolent [] adj.芳香的(exuding fragrance)
(类)redolent·smell=piquant·taste 芳香的·气味=开胃的·味道
(反)redolent ◆ unscented 芳香的 ◆ 没有香味的
(同)ambrosial,aromatic,balmy,fragrant,perfumed,savory,spicy
list 28 redoubtable -------retrench
redoubtable [] adj.可敬畏的,可怕的,著名的 (worthy of respect)
(类)redoubtable·regard/respect=creditable·belief/ trust 值得敬畏的·尊敬=可信的·信任
(反)redoubtable ◆ not formidable/ unimpressive 可怕的 ◆ 不可怕的/无印象的
redundant [] adj,多余的,过多的,冗长的
(类)redundant·indispensability=indigent·wealth 多余的·不可缺少=穷困的·富裕(名形反义)
(反)redundant ◆ economical 过多的 ◆ 节约的
(同)diffuse,palaverous,prolix,verbose,windy
reel [] n,卷轴;一卷;蹒跚;旋转;纺车
(类)reel·winding=die·shaping 卷轴·绕圈=模子·定型 (工具及其功能)
referee [] n,仲裁人,调解人;裁判员
(类)referee·field=judge·courtroom 裁判·竞技场=法官·法庭(工作场所)
referee·whistle=judge·gavel 裁判·哨子=法官·裁定小铁锤
refinery [] n.精炼厂,提炼厂
(类)refinery·petroleum=mill·grain 精炼厂加工石油 = 磨坊加工谷物
refine·purification=attenuate·rarefaction 精炼·净化=削弱·变稀
(反)crass ◆ refined 粗糙的 ◆ 精细的
refine ◆ reduce purity 净化 ◆ 降低纯度
reflective [] adj,反射的;反映的;熟虑的
(类)reflection·light=echo·sound反射·光=回声·声音
(反)reflect ◆ absorb 反射 ◆ 吸收
unreflective ◆ ruminative 不思考的 ◆ 沉思的
refractory [] adj.难驾驭的,不听话的,执拗的;(病)难治的
(类)refractory·control=adamant·flexibility
难驾驭的·控制=坚硬的·弹性(名形反义)
pertinacity·refractory=inexperience·green
顽固·难控制的=无经验·无经验的(形名同义)
(反)refractory ◆ responsive 难驾驭的 ◆ 易感应的
(同)bullheaded,headstrong,intractable,mulish,stubborn,unyielding
(例)the refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey.
refulgent [] adj.辉煌的,灿烂的(a radiant or resplendent quality)
(反) refulgent ◆ lackluster 灿烂的 ◆ 无光泽
refute [] vt,驳倒,反驳
(反)refute ◆ prove 反驳 ◆ 证明
refutation ◆ verification 驳倒 ◆ 确认
refutable ◆ indisputable 可驳倒的 ◆ 无争论之余地的
regenerate [] adj,新生的,再生的(restored to a better,higher,or more worthy state)
(类)unregenerate·remorse=truculent·gentleness
不悔改的·良心不安=粗野的·柔和(名形反义)
regimen []n,养生法,生活规则
(类)regimen·health=mnemonics·memory=budget·solvency
养生法·健康=记忆法·记忆=预算·还债能力 (行为及其改善对象)
regimental [ ] adj,军团的,兵营式的,严格而统一的,严厉管制的
regress [] v,复原,逆行,使倒退(to tend to approach or revert to a mean )
(反)regressive ◆ forward 后退的 ◆ 向前的
(同)revert,retrogress,throw back
rehabilitate [] v.使康复,使复职,使恢复名誉
(类)rehabilitate·demolition=recycle·disposal 复原·破坏=再利用·处理(反义)
person·rehabilitate=building·restoration 人·复原=建筑物·重修(动宾关系)
(同)reclaim,recondition,reconstruct,recover,rejuvenate,restitute
rehearsal [] n,排演,演习,预演,试演
(类)impromptu·rehearsal=caprice·deliberate 即席演出·排练=反复无常·深思熟虑的(反义)
(记)re(再次)+hear(听)→不断的听→排演,试演
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reign [] n,执政,君主统治,统治,支配 (royal authority )
(类)coronation·reign=wedding·marriage 加冕礼·统治=婚礼·结婚(事物代表含义)
rein [] n.缰绳 vi.驾驭,控制
(反)rein ◆ prod 控制 ◆ 刺激
reiterate [] v,重申,反复地说
(类)reiterate·redundant=digress·excursive
反复地说·多余的=扯到枝节上·离题的(正面特征)
rejoice [] v,欣喜,喜悦(to feel joy or great delight)
(反)rejoice ◆ grouse/moroseness 高兴 ◆ 生气,抱怨/忧郁
rejoiced ◆ sulky 高兴的 ◆ 生气的
(记)飘柔的商标
rejuvenate [ ] v,使年轻,使复原;返老还童
relapse [] vi,故态复萌,再度堕落(to slip or fall back into a former worse state)
(类)relapse·convalescence=recidivism·rehabilitation再堕落·恢复=重犯·复职(褒贬)
(记)lapse 失误,过失
release [] vt,释放,放松;豁免,免除 ( to set free from restraint)
(反)release ◆ constrain/immure/restrain 放松 ◆ 强迫/监禁/禁止
(同)discharge,emancipate,liberate,manumit,unbind,unshackle
relegate [ ] v,把…降级,把…置于次要地位;托付,交付
relent [] v,变慈悲(to become more lenient,compassionate,or forgiving)
(反)inexorable ◆ relenting 无情的 ◆ 慈悲的
(同)adamant,inexorable,obdurate,rigid,unbending,unyielding
(记)re+lent 反复借钱给别人→慈悲 参考:relentless adj,残酷的,无情的,不屈不挠的

relevant [] adj,有关联的,中肯的,有关系的,适当的
(类)relevant·crucial=perceptible·obvious
有关联的·极其重要的=可感知的·显而易见的(程度)
immaterial·relevance=circuitous·directness =peripheral·center
无关的·相关=迂回的·直接=边缘的·中心(形名反义)
【注】immaterial两层意思:不重要的,无关的(inconsequential or irrelevant)
(反)germane ◆ irrelevant 有密切关系的 ◆ 无关系的
relevant ◆ immaterial 有关联的 ◆ 无关紧要的
relieved [] adj,宽心的,宽慰的,欣慰的,如释重负的
religion [] n,宗教,信仰
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy
宗教·虔诚=正统教规·正统的(正面特征)
(同)creed,cult,faith,persuasion

relinquish [] vt,放弃(give up),松开(release),放手(to let go)
(反)relinquish ◆ cling to 松开 ◆ 贴紧
relinquish ◆ procure 放弃 ◆ 取得
relinquish ◆ cooperate 放手 ◆ 合作(放手不管,是让其自己做事情。合作是一起做事情)
relinquish ◆ reward 放弃 ◆ 褒奖
(同)abandon,give up,lay down,resign,surrender,turn up,waive (反)keep
(例)Few leaders willingly relinquish power 没有几个领导人乐意放弃自己的权力。
(记)relinq=relic遗弃物,遗迹→放弃,遗弃
relish [] n,爱好,美味,食欲
(反)relish ◆ despise 爱好 ◆ 轻视
(记)与release“释放”;relax“放松”同源 联想:放在后面吃的→美味
reluctant [] adj.不顾的,勉强的,难得到的,难处理的
(类)hesitation·reluctance=hubris·pride 犹豫·不愿意=狂妄自大·骄傲 (褒贬程度类比)
(反)reluctant ◆ alacrity 犹豫和不情愿 ◆ 乐意(敏捷,欣然)
loquacity ◆ reluctance to speak 多话 ◆ 不愿说话
remiss [] adj,疏忽的,不留心的,玩忽职守的(showing neglect or inattention·lax)
(反)remiss ◆ scrupulous/wary/assiduous/punctilious/conscientious/painstaking
不留心玩忽职守的 ◆ 小心谨慎的/机警的/勤勉的/小心谨慎的/负责的/下苦功的
(同)careless,delinquent,derelict,disregardful,neglectful,regardless
remission n,宽恕,赦免;.缓和,减轻
(例)remission of tuition减免学费
remodel [] vt,改造,改型,改变(to alter the structure of)
(类)construct·remodel=compose·edit 建造·改造=写作·编辑(种属)
remonstrance [] n.抗议,抱怨(an earnest presentation of reasons for
opposition or grievance; especially ·a document formally stating such points)
(类)remonstrance·offend=syllogism·disprove
抗议·冒犯=三段论·反驳(前者实现后者)
remonstrance·dissuade=reprehension·censure
抗议·劝阻=斥责·责难(行为及其目的)
remonstrator·dissuade=applicant·appeal
抗议者·劝阻=申请者·请求(目的)
(同)challenge,demurrer,difficulty,objection,protest,question,remonstration
remorse [] n,懊悔,悔恨(a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt)
(类)remorse·rue=longing·pine 悔恨·后悔=渴望·渴望,消瘦(同义)
unregenerate·remorse=truculent·gentleness
不悔改的·悔恨=好战凶猛的·温顺(反面特征)
(同)attrition,compunction,contriteness,contrition,penance,penitency,repentance,rue
remunerate [] vt,给与报酬,赔偿,酬劳
(to pay an equivalent to for a service,loss,or expense·recompense)
(类)remuneration·service=retaliation·injury 酬劳·服务=报复·伤害,侮辱(因果关系)
(反)remunerative ◆ unrequited 有报酬的 ◆ 未得回报的
gainful ◆ unremunerative 有利益的 ◆ 无利可获的
(同)compensate,indemnify,pay,recompense,reimburse,repay,requite
rend [] v.撕裂,猛拉(to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence)
(类)rend·tear=rush·hurry 撕裂·撕=匆忙的做·仓卒 (程度)
(反)rend ◆ unite/mend/repair/ made whole 撕裂 ◆ 联合/修理/使完整
(同)cleave,rip,rive,split
renegade [ ] n,背教者,变节者,叛徒
(类)renegade·allegiance=apostate·faith 背信弃义者缺乏忠诚=背教者缺乏信念
renounce [] vi,断绝关系;放弃权利(to give up usually by formal declaration)
(类)renounce·pledge=rescind·order 拒绝·保证=废除·命令
(反)renounce ◆ embrace 断绝关系 ◆ 信奉
claim ◆ renounce (根据权利)要求 ◆ 放弃权利
renovate [] vt,更新,革新恢复,修复(to restore to a former better state )
(反)renovate ◆ cause to decay 修复,刷新 ◆ 使腐烂
(同)reactivate,rekindle,renew,resurrect,resuscitate,retrieve,revitalize,revivify

repartee [] n,机灵的回答(a succession or interchange of clever retort)
(类)repartee·retort=debate·issue 灵巧的反驳·反驳=正式辩论·辩论(种属)
(同)back answer,comeback,riposte

repatriate [] v,遣返(to restore or return to the country of origin or citizenship)
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 遣返·移民=废止·批准 (反义)
repeal [] v,n,撤销,废除(法律)(to rescind or annul by authoritative act; to revoke or
abrogate by legislative enactment)
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 废除遣返回国·移民出境=废止·批准(反义)
(反)repeal ◆ authorization 废除 ◆ 授权
(同)revoke,dismantle,recall,rescind,reverse
(记)peal(大声鸣响) 参考:appeal 呼吁
repel [] vt,抵制,排斥(repulse;resist)使厌恶(to cause aversion in:disgust)
(类)repellent·attract=ephemeral·endure 令人厌恶的无有吸引力=短暂的无耐久力(反义)
【注:repellent,arousing aversion or disgust:repulsive 令人厌恶的】
(反)court ◆ repel intentionally 向…献殷勤 ◆ 有意排斥
entrancing ◆ repelling 使人入神的 ◆ 使厌恶
winsome ◆ repelling 迷人的 ◆ 使人讨厌的
(例)foul words and frowns must not repel a lover,邪恶的语言和反对不一定击退一个爱人。
(记)pel(推)联想:往外推—>排斥;参考:propel 推进,驱使
repercussion [ ] n,反响,影响,回声
repertoire [] n,预备上映的剧目列表(a list or supply of dramas,operas,pieces,or parts
prepared to perform)
(类)palette·color=repertoire·play 调色板上的众多颜色:颜色=剧目:剧本(组成)
repertoire·performance=manifest·cargo=agenda·meeting
剧目列表·表演=运货单·货物=议程·会议(前者安排后者)
repine [] v,抱怨,表达不满(to feel or express discontent or dejection)
(反)repine ◆ express joy 抱怨 ◆ 表示喜悦
(同)complain,fuss,murmur,wail,whine
replenish [ ] v,把…再备足,补充;使充满活力
(例)The music will replenish my weary soul,音乐使我疲惫的精神充满活力
replete [] adj,饱满的(fully provided ;full)
(反)repletion ◆ want/ privation 充满 ◆ 短缺/缺乏
repletion ◆ emptiness 塞满 ◆ 清空
(例)the book is replete with delicious details,这本书充满了有趣的细节。
(记)plete满(饱满的 参考:repletion n..充满 complete adj.全部的 v.完成
reportage [] n,报道,报道的消息,报告文学
(类)reportage·journalist=ridicule·satirist
新闻报道·新闻记者=讽刺的话·讽刺作家(人物及其工作产物)
(反)reportorial ◆ imaginative 新闻报道的 ◆ 虚构想象的(注:西方新闻报道以真实为本质)
(记)report报告+age(报道参考:reportorial报道的,记者的
repose [] v,n..休息,睡眠,静止(to lie at rest ;to take a rest)
(类)guilt·expiation=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息 (后者消除前者)
dehydrate·water=fatigue·repose 脱水·加水=使疲劳·使休息 (反义)
breach·continuity=disturb·repose 打破·连续性 =打乱·休息 (动宾关系)
reprehend [] v,谴责,责难(to voice disapproval of ;censure)
(类)lamentable·pity=reprehensible·censure=despicable·contempt
可悲的应该怜悯=应该谴责的应该责难=可鄙的应该鄙视
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible
责难·无可责难的=嘉许·应该谴责的
(同)criticize,blame,censure,condemn,denounce,denunciate,reprobate
(记)prehend(抓住)(抓住你的问题不放(谴责 参考:prehension 抓住,理解;
comprehend vt,领会,理解,包括;apprehend 理解,忧虑
repress [] v,镇压(to put down by force)抑制(to hold in by self-control)
(反)unrepressed ◆ restrained 未受抑制的 ◆ 受限制的
repress ◆ foster 压制 ◆ 鼓励
(记)press(压)参考:repressed adj.被压抑的repressive adj.镇压的,抑制的
reprieve [v] n,缓刑,暂缓(to delay the punishment of a condemned prisoner)
(类)reprieve·punishment=moratorium·activity缓刑是暂缓惩罚=延迟是暂停活动
【注:moratorium,a suspension of activity 延迟,延期】
(记)re(重新)+ prieve(抓,拿)→重新(从刑场)抓回来→缓刑
reproach [] n./v,责备,耻辱(an expression of rebuke or disapproval)
(反)above reproach ◆ nefarious/scurvy/culpable 不应受责备的 ◆ 极恶的/下流的/该责备的
irreproachable ◆ opprobrious 无可指责的 ◆ 应受责备的
(同)rebuke,admonishment,admonition,chiding,reprimand,reproof
(记)proach(靠近) 参考:approach 接近,方法
reprobate [] v,谴责,指责 n,堕落者,道德败坏的人
(类)reprobate·misbehave=sycophant·fawn 堕落的人·行为不端=拍马者·谄媚 (正面特征)
objectivity·partisan=temperance·reprobate 客观性·党派性团伙=节制·堕落者(缺乏关系)
reprobate ◆ righteous individual 堕落的人 ◆ 正直的个人
(同)criticize,blame,censure,condemn,denounce,denunciate,reprehend
(记)re(反)+prob(赞扬)→与赞扬相反→谴责,指责;参考:approbation(赞扬)
reproof [] n,谴责,责备(criticism for a fault · rebuke)
(类)castigation·reproof=denunciation·denial=loathing·dislike=soaking·damp
严厉谴责·谴责=公开驳斥·否定=讨厌·不喜欢=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(反)accolade ◆ reproof 赞扬 ◆ 斥责
(同)rebuke,admonishment,admonition,chiding,rap,reprimand,reproach
reprove [] v,善意的责备(to scold usually gently or with kindly intent)
(类)pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 虚假,伪装·欺骗=警告·责备(目的)
reprove·reprimand=blame·censure 责备·严厉训斥=责备·严厉批评(程度)
(同)admonish,,chide,lesson,monish,rebuke,reprimand,reproach
(例)his teacher reproved him for talking in class,他的老师责备他上课说话。
reptile [] n.爬虫动物,卑鄙的人
(类)lizard·reptile=orange·fruit=finch·bird=aspen·tree=eagle·bird
蜥蜴·爬行动物=橘子·水果=雀类·鸟=白杨·树=鹰·鸟 (种属)
(记)rept(爬)参考:surreptitious鬼鬼祟祟的
repudiate [·] vt,否认,拒绝承认,拒绝接受,拒付
(反)repudiate ◆ espouse/uphold 否认 ◆ 赞成/支持
(同)decline,disapprove,dismiss,refuse,reject,reprobate,spurn
(例)repudiate a charge 否认一项指控
repugnant [] adj,令人厌恶的(exciting aversion);不一致的(incompatible)
(类)odious·repugnance=menacing·fear 可憎的·厌恶=恐吓的·害怕(正面特征)
cogent·convince=repugnant·repel 使人信服的·使信服=令人厌恶的·使厌恶(正面特征)
unpleasant·repugnant=scanty·meager令人不快的·令人厌恶的=不足的·缺乏的(同义)
(反)repugnance ◆ affinity 厌恶 ◆ 吸引人
(同)abhorrent,invidious,obnoxious,repellent,revulsive
(例)The idea of moving again became repugnant to her,再次搬家的想法令她讨厌。
(记)pugn(打)参考:pugilist 拳击家
repulse [] v,n,厌恶,令人厌恶;驱逐,击退
(反)captivate ◆ repulse 迷住 ◆ 厌恶
court ◆ repulse intentionally 讨好 ◆ 厌恶
entrance ◆ repulse 吸引人 ◆ 令人厌恶
repulsion ◆ attraction 排斥 ◆ 吸引
(同)rebuff,rebut,repel,ward(off)(记)pulse(推)( 驱逐,击退
repute [] n,名声,名誉(the character or status commonly ascribed to one)
(反)repute ◆ lack of distinction 声望 ◆ 没有名望
(同)fame,celebrity,notoriety,renown,reputation
(派)reputed adj,据说的;驰名的;号称的
(例)She is reputed to be Europe's best singer,她号称欧洲最好的歌唱家。
requite [] vt,酬劳,报答(to make return for · repay)
(反)requite ◆ leave unpaid 酬谢 ◆ 未付款的
requisite [] adj,需要的,必不可少的,必备的(essential,necessary)
(反)requisite ◆ unnecessary 必不可少的 ◆ 不必要的
rescind [] v.废除,取消(abrogate;cancel)
(类)rescind · law = withdraw · candidacy 废除·法律=取消·候选人资格
(反)rescind ◆ institute/ levy 废除,取消 ◆ 创立/征用
rescission ◆ enactment 废除,取消 ◆ 设定,制定
(同)revoke,dismantle,lift,recall,repeal,reverse
(例)the company refused to rescind the order,这家公司拒绝取消定货。
(记)谐音:来新的。联想:来新的当然要废除旧的。
resemblance [ ] n,相似,形似 摹本,肖像
resentment [ ] n,仇恨,怨恨 愤慨
reserved [] adj,收敛的,内敛的,话不多的(restrained in words and actions)
(类)gregarious·reserved=furtive·open=flamboyant·reserved
爱社交的·收敛的=秘密的·公开的=炫耀多话的·收敛的 (反义)
【注:flamboyant·marked by striking elaborate 说话非常冗长罗嗦
reserved ·restrained in words and actions 在语言和行动方面有所收敛;性格内敛】
(反)expansive ◆ reserved 健谈的 ◆ 说话不多的
qualified ◆ unreserved 受限制的 ◆ 无受限制的
reside [ ] v.(性质)存在于;(权力)归属于
(例)The authority of governance resided in the monarchy,统治权属于君主
residue [] n,剩余物(something that remains after a part is taken,separated,or designated)
(类)remainder·subtraction=residue·evaporation 剩余由减去得到=剩余物由蒸发得到
(同)remnant,remainder,remains,residual
resign [] v.辞(职)(give up one's office:quit),听之任之(to accept something as
inevitable:submit)
(类)abdicate·throne=resign·office 放弃(权力)·王权=辞职·职位(动词及其作用对象)
(派)resigned adj.逆来顺受的,顺从的
resilience [] n.弹力,在逆境中调整的能力(an ability to adjust easily to change)
(反)resilience ◆ unable to adjust/ unable to recover
在逆境中调整的能力 ◆ 不能调整/不能复原
resilience ◆ inelasticity 弹力 ◆ 无弹性
(记)sile(跳)参考:resilient 有弹性的
resin [`] n.树脂
(类)resin·tree=gum·rubber plant 树脂:树=橡胶:橡胶树 (产品及其来源)
resolute [·t] adj,坚决的,刚毅的,毅然的(marked by firm determination · resolved)
(类)malleable·shape=irresolute·opinion 有延展性的·形状=犹豫不决的·主张(形修饰名)
indubitable·question=resolute·sway不容置疑的·怀疑=坚决的·动摇(反面特征)
resolute·dissuade=obstreperous·control 坚决的难以劝阻=任性的难以控制
resoluteness·will = zeal·conviction坚定的意志·意志=强烈的兴趣·信念(程度)
(反)daunt ◆ make resolute 使气馁 ◆ 使坚定
jittery ◆ resolute 极度不稳定的 ◆ 坚决的
(同)decided,decisive,determined,faithful,ardent,loyal,steadfast
resonant [] adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的(echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound)
(类)full-bodied·flavor=resonant·sound 浓郁的味道=洪亮的声音
(反)resonant ◆ muffled 声音洪亮的 ◆ 声音压抑的
(同)consonant,plangent,resounding,ringing,rotund
(例)A deep resonant voice rang out 一个浑厚洪亮的声音唱出。
(记)[re]回+[son]声音(有回声的(响亮的参考:dissonant不和谐的
resourceful [] adj,策略的,机智的,资源丰富的
(类)resourceful·inventiveness=philanthropic·geniality
机智的·创造性=博爱的·友好,亲切(正面特征)
respite [] n,间歇,休息,暂缓 a period of temporary delay;an interval of rest or relief
(类)fast·eat=respite·labor 绝食·吃=休息·劳动(反义)
plateau·change=respite·activity 稳定时期或状态·变化=休息·活动(反义)
moratorium·activity =respite·labor 中止活动·活动=暂缓·劳动(反义)
respite·labor=interim·concert 间歇·劳动=间歇·音乐会 (事物及其特殊部分)
(记)区别:despite 不管,尽管
respire [] v.呼吸(breathe; specifically:to inhale and exhale air successively)
(类)lung·respire=tooth·masticate 肺·呼吸=牙齿·咀嚼(器官作用)
(记)spire (呼吸)参考:spiracle 通气孔
resplendent [] adj.华丽的,辉煌的(shining brilliantly)
(类)bootless·futility=effulgent·resplendence无用的·无用=光彩照人的·辉煌 (正特)
bravura·performance=resplendent·appearance辉煌的·表演=华丽的·外表(修饰)
(反)resplendence ◆ lackluster 辉煌 ◆ 暗淡
resplendent ◆ dull 辉煌的 ◆ 没有光泽的,暗淡的
(同)splendid,glorious,gorgeous,magnificent,sublime,superb
(例)Meadows are resplendent with wildflowers.草地被野花点缀得绚烂多姿。
(记)splend(发光)参考:splendid 壮丽的,辉煌的splendor 光彩,杰出
responsive [] adj,做出响应的(giving response)敏感的(quick to respond
appropriately or sympathetically)
(反)responsive ◆ dispassionate 做出响应的 ◆ 无动于衷的
responsive ◆ feelingless 敏感的 ◆ 无感觉的
restive [] adj,急躁的(marked by impatience);倔强的(stubbornly resisting control)
(类)incogitant·thoughtful=restive·calm=piddling·considerable=keen·obtuse
无思虑的·深思的=急躁的·冷静的=不重要的·重要的=敏锐的·钝的 (反义)
restive·calmness=impeccable·flaw=impetuous ·patience
急躁的·冷静=没有缺点的·缺点=冲动的·耐心(缺乏关系)
(反)restive ◆ calm/imperturbable 急躁的 ◆ 冷静的/沉着的
restiveness ◆ contentment 倔强 ◆ 满足
【注:前者是顽固拒绝被控制,后者知足安于现状。】
restless [] adj.得不到休息的,不平静的
(类)restless·serenity=deferential·insolent 不平静的·平静=恭谨的·无礼 (反义)
restrain [] vt,阻止,限制,使受控制
(类)temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 有节制的·限制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义)
rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·刻苦(反面特征)
(反)restrain ◆ release 阻止 ◆ 释放
fervid ◆ restrained 热心的 ◆ 受阻的
unrepressed ◆ restrained 未受抑制的 ◆ 受限制的
theatrical ◆ restraint 放纵的展示的 ◆ 抑制,克制注:restraint,n,the state of being restrained 抑制,克制
(记) straint本身是一个词:v.拉紧,扯紧 n.拉力,张力
resurgence [] n,复活,重新活跃,复兴
(反)resurgence ◆ waning vitally 复兴 ◆ 衰退
resurgent ◆ in decline 复兴 ◆ 衰退
(同)revival,rebirth,renaissance,resurrection
(记)surg(浪)参考:insurgent起义的
resurrect [] v,使死而复生,复活,复兴
resuscitate [] v.使复活,使苏醒(restore,revive)
(反)extinct ◆ resuscitated 灭绝的 ◆ 复活的
resuscitation ◆ enervation 复兴 ◆ 虚弱
retainer [] n,家仆(a person attached or owing service to a household ; especially:servant)
(类)retainer·retinue=witch·coven家仆·一群家仆=女巫·女巫聚会(组成)
(反)retain ◆ discard 保留 ◆ 抛弃
retaliate [] v,报复,反击(to repay(as an injury)in kind)
(类)remuneration·service=retaliation·injury 酬劳:服务=报复:伤害 (因果关系)
(同)reciprocate,recompense,requite,return
(记)tali 谐音“大力”联想:大力反击。
retard [] vt,妨碍,延迟,迟缓
(类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 转移·转轨=妨碍·刹车(动作及其目的)
(反)retard ◆ catalyze/ expedite/ precipitate 妨碍 ◆ 促进/加速/促进
retard ◆ speed up 使减速 ◆ 加速
(记)tard(迟钝) 参考:tardy行动慢的,迟到的
retinue [ ] n,随行人员,扈从(a group of retainers or attendants)
(类)retainer·retinue=witch·coven 家仆·一群家仆=女巫·女巫聚会(组成)
reticent [] adj.沉默不语的(inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech· reserved)
(类)reticent·talk=abstemious·gorge
沉默不语的·谈话=有节制地·狼吞虎咽(反面特征)
(反)reticent ◆ loquacious/ vociferous/effusive/talktive
沉默不语的 ◆ 多话的/叫喊的,吵闹的/溢于言表的/多话的
(同)silent,close,close-lipped,closemouthed,reserved,taciturn
(记)ticen 谐音提神。联想:这个人总沉默寡言,需要给他提提神。
retort [] vi,反驳,回嘴 n,反驳(a quick,incisive reply)
(类)repartee·retort=debate·issue 灵巧的反驳·反驳=正式辩论·辩论(种属)
【注:repartee·:a quick and witty reply】
(记)tort(扭)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的 distort歪曲
retouch [] vt,vi,润饰,修正(to rework in order to improve)
(类)revise·manuscript=retouch·picture 修订·手稿=润饰·画 (动宾关系)
retract [] vt.vi,缩回,收回,否认
(类)misunderstood·clarify=erroneous·retract 误解·澄清=错误的·收回(动宾关系)
retract·statement = repeal·legislation 收回·声明=撤销·法律(动宾)
(反)tender ◆ retract 提交 ◆ 收回 【注:tender:offer formally】
(同)recede,retreat,retrograde
retrench [] v,节省,削减(cut down,reduce)
(类)retrench·expense=decelerate·speed 节省·开支=减速·速度 (动宾关系)
attenuate·force=retrenchment·money 减轻·压力=削减·开支 (动宾关系)
(反)retrench ◆ enlarge/expand 削减 ◆ 放大/扩大
(同)shorten,abbreviate,abridge,curtail,cut,cut back
list 29 retribution ------ scan
retribution [] n,报偿;惩罚; 报复(recompense,reward;punishment)
(类)kidnap·detainment=extortion·retribution 绑架·拘留=勒索·报偿(非法与正常)
(同)retaliation,reprisal,revenge,vengeance
retrograde [] adj.倒退的(go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate)
(反)retrograde ◆ progressive 倒退的 ◆ 前进的
(记)[retro]向后+[grade]步伐(向后走(倒退的
retrospective [] adj,追想的,回顾的(looking back on the past)
(反)retrospective ◆ anticipatory 回顾的 ◆ 预想的
(例)a retrospective report;a retrospective exhibition
(记)[retro]向后+[spect]看(回顾
revelry [] n,狂欢,喧闹的作乐(noisy partying or merrymaking)
(反)revelry ◆ mournfulness 狂欢 ◆ 悲哀
(例)They were exhausted after the night of revelry.
参考:revel陶醉,狂欢
revenge [] n,v,报仇,复仇,报复
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge
惟利是图的·钱=报复性的·报复(人物追求对象)
(同)avenge,redress,venge,vindicate
(记)[re]回+[venge]惩罚(报复
reverberate [ ] v,起回声,反响
revere [] v,尊崇,尊敬(to show devoted deferential honor to)
(类)reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·敬重=热望·热心(同义)
reverent·idolater=trusting·dupe 偶像崇拜者过分尊敬的=易上当的人过分信任的
elegiac·sorrow=devotional·reverence 哀歌体的·悲哀=虔诚的·尊敬(正面特征)
exemplary·imitation=reverent·deference可仿效的·模仿=值得尊敬的·尊重 (因果关系)
【注:reverent:expressing or characterized by reverence:worshipful 尊贵的,可敬的】
(反)revere ◆ jape at 尊敬 ◆ 嘲弄
revere ◆ disparage/ disgrace 尊敬 ◆ 贬损/玷污
impudent ◆ reverent 无礼的 ◆ 尊敬的
reverence ◆ despise 尊敬 ◆ 轻视
irreverent ◆ respectful 不尊敬的 ◆ 尊敬的
(同)adore,reverence,venerate,worship
revile [] v,辱骂,斥责
revise [] vt,校订,修正(to make a new,amended,improved,or up-to-date version of)
(类)revise·manuscript=retouch·picture 修订·手稿=润饰·画(动宾关系)
revive [] vi,复活,恢复意识
(类)revert·prior=revive·conscious回复:原先的=苏醒:有意识的 (行为及其结果)
(反)wither ◆ revive 枯萎 ◆ 复苏
lull ◆ revive 使平静 ◆ 恢复精神,复兴
(同)restore,resuscitate,revivify,recall,reestablish,reinstate
(例)He revived his hope of escape.
(记)re再+vive 活泼(复活 参考:vivid 鲜明的,生动的
revoke [] vt.撤回,废除,宣告无效(to annul by recalling or taking back)
(反)empower ◆ revoke the authority 授权与 ◆ 废除权威
(记)re反+voke喊(反着喊(宣告无效 参考:revocation废弃,取消
revue [] n,时俗讽刺歌舞剧(a musical show consisting of skits,songs,and dances)
(类)skit·revue 讽剌短剧·时俗讽刺歌舞剧(组成)
(记)来自法语“review”因这种歌舞剧带有讽刺时政的性质,与评论的作用类似。
rhetoric [ ] n,修辞 雄辩
ribald [] adj,举止、言语粗鲁的(crude,offensive)
(类)ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 举止粗鲁的·得体的=曲折的·直接的(反义)
(反)ribald ◆ seemly / proper 举止粗鲁 ◆ 得体的/恰当的
(记)rib肋骨+bald光秃暴露的(露骨的(言语粗鲁
rickety [] adj.摇摆的(shaky:in unsound physical condition)
(类)cloth·ragged=furniture·rickety 布·破旧的=家具·摇晃的(形修饰名)
(例)a rickety old chair一把摇摇欲坠的旧椅子
rider [] n,附件a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usually distinct object
(类) rider·bill=endorsement·policy 附件·议案=签名·保险合同书 (整体与部分)
【注:policy,a writing whereby a contract of insurance is made】
ridicule [] n,v,嘲笑,愚弄,笑柄(deride,lout,mock,scout,taunt)
(类)satire·ridicule=elegy·sorrow讽刺文学·嘲笑=哀歌·悲伤(作品表达情感)
reportage·journalist=ridicule·satirist
新闻报道·记者=讽刺的话·讽刺作家(人物及其工作对象)
(反)sublime ◆ ridiculous 崇高的 ◆ 荒谬的
(例)ridiculed him for his inability to perform the feat.
rife [] adj,流行的(prevalent);丰富的(copiously supplied)
(反)sparse ◆ rife 稀少的 ◆ 丰富的
(同)prevalent,regnant,abounding,overflowing,replete,swarming,teeming,thronged
(例)rife with rumors 谣言四起 (比较)rifle 步枪 rift 裂缝
rift [] n.裂缝,离间(a clear space or interval)
(类)faultfinding·criticize=rift·breach 挑剔·批评=裂缝·破裂 (同义)
(反)rift ◆ reconciliation 离间 ◆ 调和
rigor [ ] n,严格,苛刻,严密,严酷,精确
rigorous [ ] adj,严格的,严酷的;精确的,缜密的
rile [] vt,搅浑浊,惹怒,使焦急(to make agitated and angry:upset)
(反)rile ◆ appease/conciliate/make calm/ placate 激怒 ◆ 平息/安慰/使平静/安抚
(同)upset,roil,irritate
ripen [] v,使成熟
(类)ripen · maturity = harden · solidity 使成熟:成熟=使变硬:坚固
ripen·mature=drain·empty 使成熟·成熟=耗尽·清空 (行为及其结果)
riot [] n.v.喧闹,打破平静(public violence,tumult,or disorder)
(反)sedate ◆ riot 使镇静 ◆ 打破宁静
(例)The new comedy is a riot 这部新的戏剧很喧闹。
(派)riotous 暴动的,蛮横的
rite [] n,宗教仪式,仪式(a ceremonial act or action)
(反)rite ◆ improvised act 仪式 ◆ 即兴活动
(派)ritual典礼,仪式,例行习惯
rival [] v,与…匹敌,比得上 n,竞争者,对手
(派)rivalry n,竞争,敌对,敌对状态
rive [] vt,撕开(to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces ;rend)
(反)rive ◆ unite 撕开 ◆ 联合
riven ◆ intact 撕开的 ◆ 完整无缺的
(同)tear,cleave,rend,rip,split
riveting [] adj,吸引人的,极迷人的(to attract and hold(as the attention)completely)
(反)vapid ◆ riveting 索然无味的 ◆ 吸引人的
(记)rivet 铆钉+ing(好像被铆钉铆上了(使人目不转睛的
rivulet [] n.小河,小溪(a small stream)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量供应·定量供应=小溪·溪流 (小与正常)
(记)revu=river河+let小(小河
robust [] adj,精力充沛的,强壮的,健康的
(反)robust ◆ sickness 健康 ◆ 疾病
decrepit ◆ robust 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的
(同)flourishing,healthy,strong,full-bodied
(记)乐百氏的英文商标。联想:喝乐百氏矿泉水让人强壮。
rodent [] n.啮齿类动物(如鼠等)
(类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠·有袋动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物 (种属)
roil [] v,搅浑,激怒(to make turbid by stirring up the sediment or dregs of)
(反)roil ◆ clarify/appease/settle 搅浑,激怒 ◆ 澄清/安抚/使平静,澄清
【注】这里考察了roil的两个义项:1。搅浑(澄清) 2。激怒(安抚)
(例)roiled the brook with his splashings
roister [] v,喧闹作乐(to engage in noisy revelry:carous)
(类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 喧闹作乐的人狂欢作乐=隐居者隐居(撤退)
rookie [] n.新兵;新手(recruit; also:novice)
(类)professional·rookie=soldier·recruit 专家:新手=士兵:新兵(正常:新)
(同)novice,apprentice,beginner,colt,freshman,neophyte,tyro
roster [] n.值勤表,花名册(a roll or list of personnel)
(类)roster·staff=obituary·death 花名册·职员=讣告·死亡(事物及其记录内容)
rostrum [] n,讲坛,演讲坛(a stage for public speaking)
(类)rostrum·orator=bench·judge 讲坛·演讲者=法官席·法官(人及其行为场所)
rouse [] v,激起,煽动 (to stir up:excite),唤起,唤醒
(反)mollify ◆ rouse 平息 ◆ 激起
quell ◆ rouse 镇压 ◆ 煽动
royalty [] 王权(royal status or power);版税 (a payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent)
(类)royalty · payment = subpoena · writ 版税·付款=传票·书面命令 (种属)
rubicund [] adj,红润的,透红的(ruddy)
(反)rubicund ◆ pale/ pallid/wan 红润的 ◆ 苍白的
(同)ruddy,florid,flush,flushed,full-blooded,sanguine
(记)rud=red 红的 参考:ruddy (脸色)红润的
rudimentary [] adj.基础的(fundamental)原始的(of a primitive kind),未发展的(very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige)
(反)rudimentary ◆ full developed/fully realized 未发展的 ◆ 完全发展的/完全实现的
(同)elementary,beginning,elemental,rudimental
(例)rudimentary equipment 原始的工具
He had only a rudimentary formal education 他仅受过小学教育。
the rudimentary tail of a hyrax 蹄兔未发展的尾巴。
(记)rudi=rude原始的,粗鲁的(未发展的 参考:rudiments基础知识,入门 erudite博学的
rue [] n.后悔,遗憾(to feel penitence,remorse,or regret for)
(类)longing·pine=remorse·rue 渴望·渴望=懊悔·后悔 (同义)
(反)rue ◆ satisfaction 遗憾 ◆ 满足
rueful ◆ impenitent 后悔的 ◆ 不悔悟的
(同)regret,deplore,repent.
ruffle [] n.,皱褶,生气 v.使皱,使生气
(类)hem·garment=ruffle·shirt=molding·cabinet
摺边·衣服=皱褶·衬衣=装饰线条·橱柜(事物及其特殊部分)
(反)preen ◆ ruffle 抚平 ◆ 弄皱
ruminate [] vt,vi,反刍(to chew repeatedly for an extended period)沉思(to go over
in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly)
(类)museful ·ruminative = lamentable ·plaintive 沉思的·沉思的=哀伤的·悲哀的(同义)
(反)ruminative ◆ unreflective 沉思的 ◆ 不思考的
(同)ponder,chaw,deliberate,muse,revolve,roll,turn over
(记)rumi 谐音:入迷 联想:沉思以至于入迷。
rumple [] n.皱纹,皱褶(fold,wrinkle) v.使皱,弄皱
(反)glaze ◆ rumple 使表面光滑 ◆ 弄皱
rumple ◆ preen 弄皱 ◆ 打扮
(同)crumple,crinkle,rimple,wrinkle (记)rum弄皱+ple
run [] n,连续演出(an unbroken course of performances or showings)
(类)journal·entries=run·performance
日志·记载条目=连续演出·表演(组成关系)
journal·entry=run·performance
期刊是一系列记载=一系列表演(是一系列)·表演(个体组成团体关系)
runic [ ] adj,古代北欧文字的,神秘的
(类)martial·military=runic·mysterious 军事的·军事的=神秘的·神秘的(同义)
(记)来自rune:n,古代北欧文字,神秘(mystery)
rupture [] v,打破;打碎(to part by violence)
(反)rupture ◆ remain unbreakable 打破 ◆ 保持不碎
(同)breach,break,fissure,fracture,rent,rift,schism
(记)rupt断+ure(破裂 参考:corrupt 腐败的,被破坏的;abruptly突然地
ruse [] n.诡计(trick to deceive; stratagem)
(类)paroxysm·sudden=ruse·deceived
突发·突然的=诡计·欺骗的 (正面特征)
rustic [] adj,乡村的,纯朴的,粗俗的(lacking in social graces or polish)
(反)rustic ◆ polished/urbane 粗俗的 ◆ 文雅的
(记)rust乡村+ic(乡村的;参考:rusticate过乡村生活
rustle [] v,(美口语)偷牛(马)
(类)plagiarism·ideas=rustling·cattle 剽窃·想法,思想=偷牛马·牛 (动作及其行为对象)
(记)rustle 沙沙声,匆忙(偷 参考:hustle 快做
sabbatical [] adj,安息日的,周期性休息的
(类)sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
周期性休息的·休假=讨人喜欢的·令人痴迷之物(后者的正面特征是前者)
(记)sab(谐音:赛)+ bat(球棒,棒球)→赛棒球 联想:美国人在休息日最喜欢赛棒球。
sabotage [] vt,妨害,破坏
(类)saboteur ·disrupt=apologist·defend 破坏者·分裂=辩解者·防护(人物特征行为)
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏·颠覆=暴力强迫·胁迫(行为目标)
(同)subvert,undermine,wreck
(例)sabotaged his opponent's campaign with rumors and smears
(记)sabot 木鞋,引申为践踏(妨害,破坏 参考:saboteur n.破坏者
saccharine [] n,糖精
(类)sugar·saccharine=butter·margarin 糖·糖精=黄油·人造奶油(人工加工关系)
(反)acerbity ◆ saccharin 酸 ◆ 糖精
sacrilege [] n,亵渎圣物,冒渎,悖理逆天的行为
(反)sacrilege ◆ respect/reverent 亵渎 ◆ 尊敬
(同)profanation,blasphemy,desecration,violation
(记)sacri神圣+leg选择,拿(拿走神圣(亵渎圣物
sacrosanct [ ] adj,极神圣的
(记)sacro神圣+sanct神圣→神圣加神圣→极为神圣的
saddle [] n,鞍,鞍状物 v,(与with连用)使某人负担(责任等)
(反)saddle ◆ unload 是负担 ◆ 卸下
(例)He saddled his parents with debts,他让父母背上了债务。
safeguard [] n,保护措施,护照
(类)hedge·loss=quarantine·contamination=safeguard·accident
阻碍物·损失=隔离·传染=保护·事件(防止关系)
(记)safe安全+guard保护(保护措施
sagacious [] adj.聪明的,睿智的(of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment)
(类)prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton=turncoat·constancy
谨慎·大胆=聪明·傻子=变化·不变(缺乏关系)
sage·wisdom=philanthropist·benevolence 贤哲·英明=慈善家·善行(正面特征)
sensitive·boor=sagacity·simpleton 敏感的·粗野的人=聪明·笨蛋(反面特征)
constant·stalwart=judiciousness·sage 不变·坚定的=明智·贤明的(名形同义)
(反)sagacious ◆ without wisdom/puerile/folly/fatuous
睿智 ◆ 没有机智/幼稚的/愚蠢/笨拙的
(同)wise,discerning,knowledgeable,shrewd,astute,perspicacious
(记)sag 敏锐 参考:sagacity n.聪慧sage adj.睿智的.n.贤哲
salient [] adj.显著的,突出的(standing out conspicuously:prominent)
(类)salient·ignore=incomprehensible·understand 显著的不能忽略=不可理解的不能理解
subtle·ignore=salient·observe 微妙的东西容易被忽略=明显的东西容易被观察
(反)salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不明显的
(同)noticeable,arresting,conspicuous,prominent
(记)比较 silent 沉默的 把si换成sa 意思变成正相反
salmon [] n,大马哈鱼
(类)salmon·ichthyologist=chameleon·herpetologist
大马哈鱼·鱼类学者=变色龙·爬虫学者
salubrious [] adj,有益健康的(favorable to or promoting health or well-being)
(类)instructive·comprehension=salubrious·health
教育性的有利于理解=有益健康的有利于健康
【注:instructive:carrying a lesson · enlightening】
virulent/deleterious ◆ salubrious 有毒的/ 有害的 ◆ 有益健康的
(反)insalubrious ◆ wholesome 不健康的 ◆ 健康的
salubrious ◆ baneful/deleterious/noxious/unhealthy/ squalor/morbid
有益健康的 ◆ 有害的/有害的/有毒的/不健康的/肮脏的/病态的
insalubrity ◆ healthfulness 有碍健康 ◆ 有益健康
(同)healthful,healthy,hygienic,salutary,wholesome
(记)salu健康的 参考:salutary 有益的,有益健康的
salutary [] adj,有益的,有益健康的(promoting a beneficial effect or health)
(反)salutary ◆ unhealthy/deleterious 有益健康的 ◆ 不健康的/有害的
(同)healthful,healthy,hygienic,salubrious,wholesome,beneficial
salutation [] n,致敬,打招呼(表示欢迎和礼貌)
(反)salutation ◆ deportation 欢迎 ◆ 放逐
(记)salu 健康的,向别人问候健康(致敬
salvage [] v.(从灾难中)抢救,海上救助
(反)salvage ◆ abandon 救助 ◆ 放弃
(例)salvaged the torpedoed vessel
(记)salv=save 救 派生:salvable·可抢救的
salve [] n,药膏,抚慰剂v,减轻,缓和(quiet,assuage)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous 镇定剂·无害的=药膏·滑的(正面特征)
(反)salve ◆ irritant 抚慰剂 ◆ 刺激物
(例)give him a raise in salary to salve his feelings 提高他的薪水来安抚他
(记)salv 救助(从痛苦中解救(抚慰,减轻,缓和
sanctify [] vt,使神圣,敬神
(反)desecrate ◆ sanctify 亵渎 ◆ 敬神
(记)sanct(神圣)参考:sanctuary 圣堂,避难所 sanctum 圣地,密室
sanctuary n,避难所(a place of refuge and protection)
(类)sanctuary·protetion=utopia·perfection 避难所求保护=乌托邦求完美
sanction [] v,批准,同意,认可(to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to)
(反)dismiss ◆ sanction 开除 ◆ 批准
(同)approve,certify,endorse
(记)sanct(神圣)sanction 原指教会法令,后来转义为批准,同意
sanctimonious [] adj,假装虔诚的(hypocritically pious)
(类)sanctimonious·devoted=unctuous·earnest 假装虔诚的·虔诚的=假意热心的·热心
【注】unctuous,characterized by affected,exaggerated,or insincere earnestness
sand [] v,磨光 n,沙
(类)varnish·glossy =sand·smooth 涂清漆·有光泽=磨光·光滑(行为及其结果)
sand·dune=word·sentence 沙·沙丘=词语·句子(组成关系)
sanguine [] adj,红润的(red)充满希望的(hopeful)愉快的(cheerful)
(反)sanguine ◆ despondent/hopeless 充满希望的 ◆ 失望的/无希望的
sanguine ◆ morose 愉快的 ◆ 郁闷的
(记)sanguine(本义血)引申:血色→满面红光→心情好;参考:sanguinary 血腥的
sanitation [] n.卫生,卫生设施
(类)censorship·information=sanitation·disease 审查制度·消息=卫生·疾病(防止关系)
(反)noxious ◆ sanitary 有毒的 ◆ 卫生的?
【注】sanitary 有关卫生和清洁的 sanitary napkin 卫生巾sanitary ware 卫生瓷
sap [] vt,削弱(weaken)n.树液,体液,活力(bodily health and vigor)
(反) sap ◆ bolster/fortify/invigorate 削弱 ◆ 支持/ 增强/ 鼓舞
(同)attenuate,blunt,cripple,debilitate,disable,enfeeble,undermine
(记)sap (树液,活力)参考:sapless adj.缺乏活力的 sapling 树苗,小树,年轻人
sapient [] adj,贤明的,有洞察力的(possessing or expressing great sagacity)
(反)sapient ◆ foolish 聪明 ◆ 愚蠢
(记)sap(活力)(智慧(有智慧的人是贤明的,有洞察力的 参考:sapience n.贤明
sarcasm [] n,讽刺,轻蔑(cutting ironic remark; scornful remarks)
(反)sarcasm ◆ praise 讽刺 ◆ 表扬参考:sarcastic adj,讽刺的,辛辣的 sardonic adj,讽刺的,嘲笑的
sartorial [] adj,裁缝匠的,缝工的,裁缝的
(类)tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发的·头发=裁缝的·衣服(工作对象)
(记)谐音:萨特。联想:哲学家萨特过去的出身是裁缝。
sate [seit] vt,满足,充足,饮食过度(satisfy to the full; satisfy to excess; cloy)
(反)sate ◆ starve 饮食过度 ◆ 饿
(同)satiate,cloy,glut,gorge,stodge,surfeit
satiate [] v,饱足,过分满足(to satisfy fully or to excess)
(类)satiated·food=saturated·moisture 饱满的·食物=饱和的·湿度(过分关系)
(反)satiate ◆ tantalize 满足 ◆ 挑逗
(同)cloy,glut,gorge,jade,sate,stodge,surfeit
(例)tried to titillate rather than satiate his readers' interest 试图挑逗而不是满足读者的兴趣。
(记)sat (满)参考,sate v,使心满意足 satiety n,饱足,满足
satire [] n.讽刺诗,讽剌文学;讽刺
(类)satire·ridicule=elegy·sorrow 讽剌作品·嘲笑=挽歌·悲哀(事物表达情感)
satirize [] v,讽刺
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 赞美诗·颂扬=讽刺文·讽刺(正面特征)
saturate [] v,使饱和,浸透(full of moisture·made thoroughly wet)
(类)satiated·food=saturated·moisture 饱满的·食物=饱和的·湿度(程度)
small·minuscule=moist·saturated 小·微小=湿的·饱和的(程度)
obliterate·remove=saturated·wet 删除·除去=湿透的·湿 (同义)
saturated·wet=peeved·annoy 湿透的·弄湿=恼怒的·骚挠 (后者引起前者)
(同)soak,drench,impregnate,sodden,sop,souse,steep,waterlog
(派)saturated 饱和的,渗透的,深颜色的
saturnine [] adj,忧郁的,阴沉的 of a gloomy or surly disposition
(类)despondent·depressed=saturnine·gloomy 意气消沉·沮丧的=忧郁的·忧伤的(同义)
(反)saturnine ◆ ovial/genial 郁闷的 ◆ 欢乐的
(同)sullen,dour,gloomy,glum,morose,sulky,surly,ugly
(记)saturn土星(土星上天天沙尘暴,所以那里的人性格都很忧郁。
saunter [] n./ v,闲逛,漫步(to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner:stroll)
(类)prate·speak=saunter·walk 闲谈·说=漫步·走(闲散与正常)
(同)amble,drift,linger,stroll
(记)saun 谐音“散”;联想:散步(漫步,闲逛
savanna [] n,平原(a treeless plain especially in Florida);草原(a tropical or
subtropical grassland containing scattered trees and drought-resistant undergrowth)
(反)savanna ◆ slope 平原 ◆ 斜坡
(记)本词来自佛罗里达著名的“萨瓦纳平原”。
savant [] 博学之士,学者(a person of learning)
(反)savant ◆ unlearned person 博学之士 ◆ 没有学问的人
(记)谐音“斯文的”;联想:学者当然是斯文的。
savory adj,美味的,可口的(appetizing to the taste or smell)
(类)mellifluous·sound=savory·taste 悦耳的·声音=美味的·味道(前者修饰后者)
(反)savory ◆ noisome 味好的 ◆ 难闻的
(源)savor v,品偿,欣赏,体验到
savvy [] n,老练,机智(practical know-how)
(反)savvy ◆ simplicity 老练,机智 ◆ 幼稚
savvy ◆ tactlessness 老练,机智 ◆ 不老练
(同)shrewd,astucious,astute,perspicacious,sagacious
(记)sav(=sap智慧)参考:savant n.博学之士,大学士
sawdust [] n,锯屑 fine particles (as of wood) made by a saw in cutting
(类)soot·combustion=sawdust·woodcutting 烟灰·燃烧=锯屑·木雕
wood·sawdust=metal·filings? 木头·锯屑=金属·銼屑
scabbard [] n,鞘 v,插入鞘中(a sheath for a sword,dagger,or bayonet)
(类)dagger·scabbard=pistol·holster 匕首·鞘=手枪·手枪皮套
(记)scab(疤)联想:鞘由皮革做成,表面粗糙象疤。参考:scabrous 粗糙的
scads [] n,许多,大量(a large number or quantity)
(反)scads ◆ paucity 大量 ◆ 极小量
(例)scads of money ;scads of opportunities
scale [] n,天平,秤盘;音阶(a graduated series of musical tones)
(类)gauge·pressure=scale·weight=yardstick·length
量规·压力=天平·重量=码尺·长度(测量工具及其对象)
color·spectrum=tone·scale 颜色·光谱=音调·音阶 (连续的前者构成后者)
scalpel [] n.手术刀(a small straight thin-bladed knife used especially in surgery)
(类)tackiness·adhesive=sharpness·scalpel粘·粘合剂=锋利·手术刀 (正面特征)
scalpel·surgeon=telescope·astronomer
手术刀·外科医生=望远镜·天文学家(工具与其使用者)
(记)scalp头皮(刮头皮(手术刀 参考:skull 头骨
scan [] vt,分析韵律(to read or mark so as to show metrical structure)
(类)scan·metrical=parse·grammatical 分析韵律·(诗的)韵律的=分析语法·语法的
list 30 scant ------- sincere
scant [] adj,不足的,,缺乏的(scanty)
(反)scant ◆ considerable 缺乏的 ◆ 相当多的
scanty ◆ voluminous/profuse/ myriad 缺乏的 ◆ 丰满的/极其丰富的/无数的
(同)short,deficient,inadequate,insufficient,scanty,scarce
scathing [] adj,严厉的(bitterly severe)
(反)scathingly ◆ politely / calmly complimentary 严厉地 ◆ 客气地 /平静地称赞的
(同)caustic,mordant,trenchant
(记)sca 谐音“死卡”+thing(事情)联想:死卡事情当然是严厉了。
schism [] n,分裂(division,separation),不一致(discord,disharmony)
(类)schism·consensus=interruption·continuity 不一致·一致=中断·连续性 (反义)
(反)schism ◆ accord 不一致 ◆ 一致
(派)schismatic n.分裂者adj.分裂的
school [sku:l] n,学派,鱼群
(类)school·fish=flock·birds 鱼群·鱼=鸟群·鸟
scintillate [] v,闪烁,(谈吐)流露机智(to throw off as a spark or as sparkling flashes)
(反)scintillating ◆ dull/foolly 才气横溢的 ◆ 迟钝的/愚蠢的
(例)scintillate witticisms
(记)scintill(火花) 参考:scintillating adj.才华横溢的
scion [] n,幼芽,子孙(descendant,child)
(反)scion ◆ ancestor 子孙 ◆ 前辈
scission [] n,切断,分离,分裂(a division or split in a group or union:schism)
(反)scission ◆ unification 分裂 ◆ 统一
scissor [ ] n,剪刀
(类)pestle·grinding=scissor·cutting 乳钵,·磨=剪刀·剪(工具及其功用)
【注:干扰选项spoon,stirring 汤匙:搅动;说明:汤匙可以搅动,但这并非其最本质的功用。】
saw·carpenter=scissors·tailor 锯·木匠=剪刀·裁缝
scoff [] n,笑柄,嘲笑 v,嘲笑(to treat or address with derision:mock)v.狼吞虎咽
(类)scoff·derisive=bluster·loud=pontificate·pompous
嘲笑·嘲笑的=怒号·大声的=武断·高傲的(正面特征)
scoff·contempt=thank·gratitude 嘲笑·轻蔑=感谢·感谢(同义)
(同)scoff,jeer,gibe,fleer,sneer,flout
scooter [] n,滑行车,踏板车
(类)oscillation·swing=momentum·scooter 振动·秋千=动力·滑行车(后者运动需要前者)
scorch [] v,烧焦,烘干(sear)
(反)dampen ◆ scorch 使潮湿 ◆ 烧焦
(派)scorching adj,酷热的
score [] n,乐谱,分数
(类)director·script=conductor·score 导演·剧本=指挥·乐谱(前者根据后者展开工作)
script·drama=score·music 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·音乐(组成)
notes·score=symbols·rebus 音符·乐谱=符号·画谜(组成)
scorn [] n,轻蔑 vt,轻蔑,鄙视,不屑(reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy)
(类)venerable·reverence=despicable·scorn 可敬的·尊敬=可鄙的·鄙视(因果关系)
scorn·reject= disparage·ignore 鄙斥·拒斥=轻视·忽视(褒贬)
【注】后者不带感情色彩,而前者带有主观的感情色彩;
干扰:adulate ·flatter谄媚·奉承(程度)
scorn:reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy
adulate:to flater or admire excessively or slavishly
(反)scorn ◆ adulate/ venerate 鄙视 ◆ 谄媚/尊敬
(同)despise,abhor,contemn,disdain,scout
(例)scorned the traditions of their ancestors 鄙视祖先的传统
scorned to reply to the charge 不屑答复这一指控
scotch [] vt,阻碍(hinder,thwart)
(反)scotch ◆ encourage? 阻碍 ◆ 鼓励
scour [] vt,擦洗;全面检查(to go through or range over in or as if in a search)
(类)scour·wash 擦洗·洗
scourge [ ] n,鞭子,天谴,灾祸,严厉的斥责
(记)谐音:撕克制→撕去克制→严厉的谴责
scowl [] vi,皱眉(表现出不高兴)(to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure)
(类)scowl·displeasure=kiss·affection 皱眉头·不悦=亲吻·感情(动作表达情感)
(例)idioms look black as thunder,pull a face(or scowl)
scrappy [] adj,好斗的,果敢的(quarrelsome;having an aggressive and determined spirit)
(反)scrappy ◆ timorous 好斗的 ◆ 胆小的
(同)quarrelsome,battlesome,belligerent,bellicose,contentious,militant,pugnacious
scrap [] vt,抛弃(discard;to abandon as no longer of enough worth to retain)
(反)scrap ◆ retrieve 抛弃 ◆ 找回
(例)scrap outworn methods 抛弃陈旧的方法。
(记)scrap原义是碎屑,废料。联想:这些东西当然要抛弃了。
scrawl [] vt.乱涂,潦草地写(to write or draw awkwardly,hastily,or carelessly:scribble)
(反)scrawl ◆ write carefully 潦草地写 ◆ 仔细的写
(记)crawl爬(写出来的字像蛛蛛爬(乱写
scribble [] vt,vi,潦草地书写,乱写
(类)tinker·adjust=scribble·write=mumble·talk
笨拙的修补·调试=乱写·写=喃喃而语·说(非正常与正常关系)
(记)scrib写+ble(乱写 参考:scripture手稿
script [] n,手迹,手稿,剧本(the written text of a stage play,screenplay,or broadcast)
(类)script·drama=score·music 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·音乐(组成关系)
script · play = score · symphony 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·交响乐(前者是后者进行的基础)
scruple [ ] v,(由于道德原因而感到)迟疑不安,踌躇,顾忌
scrupulous [] adj,小心谨慎的,正直的(having moral integrity;painstaking)
(反)probity ◆ unscrupulousness 正直的 ◆ 不正直的
(同)upright,conscientious,painstaking,punctilious
(例)working with scrupulous care
(记)scruple 顾及+lous(很多顾及(小心谨慎的
scrutable [] adj,可以理解的,可以了解的(comprehensible)
(反)mysterious ◆ scrutable 神秘而不可知的 ◆ 可了解的
scrutinize [aiz] v,仔细检查(to examine closely and minutely)
(类)observe·scrutinize=question·grill 观察·细查=询问·拷问(程度)
scrutinize·gloss=delve·skim 细查·掠过=深入研究·浏览(程度)
headstrong·advice=secretive·scrutiny 刚愎的排斥建议=秘密的排斥审查
(反)scrutinize ◆ gloss over 细查 ◆ 马虎
scrutiny ◆ casual glance 精读 ◆ 随意一瞥
circumspect ◆ audacious 慎重的·鲁莽的 (干扰:unscrupulous行为不检点的)
scuff [] n,v,拖着脚走,磨损(to become scratched,chipped,or roughened by wear)
(类)scuff·abrasion=heat·vaporization 拖着脚走·磨损=加热·蒸发(动作及其结果)
(记)象声词。谐音:斯喀~~磨鞋的声音
sculpt [] v,雕刻(carve,sculpture)
(类)canvas·painter=marble·sculptor 画布·画家=大理石·雕刻家(人物及其工作对象)
statue·sculpture=ode·poem 雕像·雕刻品=颂诗·诗(种属)
author·novel=sculptor·marble 作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师:宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食物,宴会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble,a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品
scurrilous [] adj,说粗话的,猥亵的(using coarse language containing slander)
(类)scurrilous·propriety=mercurial·constancy 猥亵的·得体=易变的·恒定(反面特征)
(同)abusive,invective,truculent,vituperative;obscene,indecent
scurvy [] adj,下流的,可鄙的(disgustingly mean or contemptible:despicable)
(反)scurvy ◆ above reproach 可鄙的 ◆ 不受指责的
(同)contemptible,beggarly,cheap,despicable,mean,shabby
scythe [] n,长柄的大镰刀,战车镰
(类)scythe·reaper=axe·woodcutter 镰刀·收割者=斧子·伐木者(人及其工具关系)
seascape n,海景(a view of the sea),海景画(a picture representing a scene at sea)
(类)portrait·person =seascape·ocean 肖像·人=海景画·海 (前者描述后者)
seamy [] adj,堕落的,污秽的(degraded,sordid)
(反)seamy ◆ decent and respectable 堕落污秽的 ◆ 正派值得尊敬的
seasoned a,经验丰富的,老练的
secluded [] adj,隐僻的,隐蔽的(hidden from view; sequestered;solitary)
(类)hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的(正面特征)
(同)cloistered,hermetic,recluse,seclusive,sequestered
(记)se分开+clude关闭(分开关闭(隔绝;隐居;参考:seclusive 好隐居的
secrete [] vt,隐藏,分泌(to form and give off a secretion)
(类)frank·secretiveness=honest·theft坦白的·秘密=诚实的·偷(反面特征)
(反)secrete ◆ absorb 分泌 ◆ 吸收
secrete ◆ divulge 隐秘 ◆ 泄密
(记)来自secret n,秘密adj.秘密的
secular [ ] n,牧师,俗人
secure [ ] adj,安全的 v,保护;招致,带来
sedate [] adj.镇静的,安静的(keeping a quiet steady attitude) vt,给...服镇静剂
(类)sedative·pacify=antiseptic·sterlize 镇定剂·使平静=消毒剂·使无菌(作用关系)
sedative·drowsiness=anesthetic·numbness 镇定剂·睡意=麻醉剂·麻木(因果关系)
【注】sedative n,镇静剂 adj.(药物)镇静的
(反)sedate ◆ roil 沉着 ◆ 激怒
sedate ◆ flighty 稳定的 ◆ 反复无常的
(同)serious,earnest,grave,sober,solemn,staid

sedentary [] adj,久坐的,固定不动的(not migratory:settled)
(反)migratory ◆ sedentary 流动的 ◆ 静止的
peripatetic ◆ sedentary 巡游的 ◆ 不迁徙的
(记)sed=sid坐下+entary(久坐的
seduce [] vt,怂恿,劝说(使不忠,使不服从)(to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty)
(反)seduce ◆ discourage 怂恿 ◆ 使气馁
(同)lure,allure,bait,entice,entrap,inveigle
(记)se分开+duce引导(引开(勾引 参考:seductive adj.诱人的,有魅力的
sedulous [] adj,坚忍不拔的,勤勉的(diligent in application or pursuit)
(反)sedulous ◆ careless/lack of industriousness 勤勉的 ◆ 粗心的
sedulous ◆ lazy/ lack of industriousness 勤勉的 ◆ 怠惰的/不刻苦
(同)assiduous,diligent,industrious
(例)sedulous craftsmanship 勤勉的工匠sedulous student 勤勉的学生
(记)sed=sid坐下+ulous多…的(坐的多的(勤勉的 参考:sedulity 勤勉
seemly [] adj,适宜的,恰当的,合适的(conventionally proper;fit)
(类)ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 下流的·适宜的=迷宫似的·直接的(反义)
(反)seemly ◆ uncouth/ribald/indecorous 合适的 ◆ 粗俗的/不和礼节的
segment [] n,片断 vt,分割(to separate into segments:give off as segments)
(反)segment ◆ make whole 分割 ◆ 使成整体
self-abasement [] n.自卑,自谦(degradation or humiliation of oneself)
(反)self-abasement ◆ self-asserting 自卑 ◆ 自信(干扰self-aggrandize增大自己的实力)
【注】self-aggrandizing:the act or process of making oneself greater (as in power or influence)
self-absorbed adj,自恋的(absorbed in one's own thoughts,activities,or interests)
(类)libertine·dissolute=sycophant·obsequious=narcissist·self-absorbed
淫荡者·放荡的=马屁精·奉承的=自我陶醉者·自恋的(正面特征)
seine [] n围网,大围网
BIRD,SNARE 鸟:罗网
lion,den
fish,seine
lamb,shears
scorpion,sting
lobster,claw
狮:兽穴鱼:网羊羔:大剪刀蝎子:蜇刺龙虾:螯
答案:(B)
seminal [] adj,有创意的,种子的,萌芽的(containing or contributing the seeds of
later development:creative,original)
(反)seminal ◆ hampering further development 萌芽的 ◆ 阻碍进一步发展
seminal ◆ derivative 有创意的 ◆ 派生的
(记)semin种+al(有创见的
seminary [] n,神学院
(类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology=observatory·astronomy
音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=气象台·天文学(研究场所)
seminary·theologian = conservatory·artist 神学院·神学者=音乐学校·艺术家
(记)semin种+ary(培养(上帝)种子的地方(神学院
sensation [] n,感觉,知觉;轰动事件
(类)analgesic·pain=anesthetic·sensation 止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉(消除关系)
numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木·感觉=刚硬·柔软(缺乏关系)
(反)sensation ◆ anesthesia 知觉 ◆ 麻木
sensation ◆ unnoticed event 轰动事件 ◆ 不知名的小事?
numbness ◆ sensation 麻木 ◆ 感觉
(记)sens 感觉;参考:sensible明智的;sensitive敏感的;sensational耸人听闻的
sensitive [] adj,敏感的,易感的;灵敏的,感光的
(类)sensitization·allergic=habituation·inured 敏感·敏感的=习惯·习惯的(同义)
quixotic·idealistic=touchy·sensitive 纯想象的·想象的=敏感的·敏感的(同义)
tactile·touch=sentient·emotion 触觉的·触觉=情感的·情感(形名同义)
(反)sensitive ◆ numb 敏感 ◆ 麻木
sentimental/sentient ◆ unconscious 多愁善感的/有感觉的 ◆ 无意识的
sentinel [] n,哨兵,看守
(类)sentinel·watchful=epicure·discriminating 哨兵·警觉的=美食家·辨别(正面特征)
(记)sent感觉(感觉者(哨兵;参考:sentry 哨兵,步哨
sepulchral [] adj,坟墓的(mortuary);阴深的,忧郁的
(反)sepulchral ◆ merry 忧郁的 ◆ 欢快的
(记)谐音“赛跑车”联想:赛跑车很危险,离进坟墓不远了。
septic [] adj,腐败的 n,腐烂物(of,relating to,or causing putrefaction)
(反)septic ◆ free of infection 腐败的 ◆ 未被感染的
sequela [] n,后继者,后遗症
(反)precursor ◆ sequela 先驱 ◆ 后继者
(记)sequ跟随+ela(后继者
sequester [] vt,使隐退,使隔绝,分离(to set apart:segregate;seclude,withdraw)
(类)sequester·seclusion=endanger·jeopardy 分离·隔离=危及· 危险(前者造成后者)
(反)sequester ◆ permit to mingle 分离 ◆ 混合
sequestrate [ ] v,扣押,没收
seraph [] n,六翼天使(one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of God)
(反)diabolical ◆ seraphic 恶魔的 ◆ 六翼天使的
sere [] adj.干枯的,凋萎的(being dried and withered )
(反)sere ◆ lush/damp 干枯的 ◆ 葱绿的/湿润的
(同)dry,arid,droughty,moistureless
(记)参考:sear灼烧 联想:灼烧,灼热的太阳造成枯萎。
serendipity [] n,善于发掘新奇事物的天赋(the faculty or phenomenon of
finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for)
(类)serendipitous·effort=ineluctable·chance
靠天赋或运气获得的·努力=不可避免的·机会(缺乏关系)
【注】serendipitous,obtained or characterized by serendipity 靠天赋或运气获得的
(记)serendipity=seven+dip=七个小矮人挖=有挖出财宝的天赋
serene [] adj,清澈的,晴朗的,安静的(marked by utter calm and unruffled quietude)
(类)perturb·serenity=reassure·doubt 扰乱·平静=使安心·怀疑(前者消除后者)
disturb·serenity=intrude·privacy 扰乱·平静=侵入·隐私(消除关系)
restless·serenity=deferential·insolent 不平静的·平静=恭谨的·无礼 (反义)
(反)serenity ◆ havoc/ pandemonium/ tumult/bedlam/riot 平静 ◆ 混乱/喧嚣/骚动/混乱/骚乱
furor ◆ serenity 激情 ◆ 平静
serene ◆ tumultuous/ vociferous 平静的 ◆ 骚动的/ 喧哗的
(同)composed,easy,easygoing,placid,poised,self-composed,self-possessed,tranquil
serfdom [] n,农奴身份,农奴境遇
(反)serfdom ◆ lord 农奴 ◆ 地主
sermon [] n,说教,训诫,布道
(类)nitpicker·criticize=preacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
吹毛求疵者·批评=布道者·布道=吹毛求疵者·挑剔(正面特征)
sermon · homiletics = argument · logic?说教·说教术=辩论·逻辑学(学科研究内容)
serpentine [] adj,蜿蜒的,在形状或移动上象蛇的,弯曲的
(类)serpentine·directness 弯曲的·直接
(记)serpent 蛇+ine(像蛇一样弯曲?
serrate [] adj,锯齿状的(notched or toothed on the edge)
(反)serrated ◆ without notches/smooth 锯齿形的 ◆ 无凹口的/平滑的
(例)jagged peaks and serrate ridges
(记)serr=saw锯子+ated(锯齿状的参考:serration锯齿状;serried密集的
serried [] adj,密集的,林立的,重重叠叠罗列的
(反)serried ◆ widely separated 密集的 ◆ 稀疏的
servile [] adj,奴隶的,卑屈的(meanly or cravenly submissive:abject)
(类)compliant·servile=trusting·gullible 顺从的·卑屈的=信任的·受骗的(褒贬程度)
gullible·chicanery=servile·domination 易受骗的容易被欺骗=卑屈的容易被控制
imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable 高傲的·奴性的=好斗的·和平的(反特)
impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible·servile 冲动的·犹豫=无法镇压的·顺从的(反义)
obsequious·servile=belligerent·assertive 谄媚的·卑屈的=好战的·有进取心的(褒贬程度)
(记)serv=slave奴隶+ile(奴性的,百依百顺的 参考:serve:服务,当仆人
severe [] adj,严格的,凶猛的(of a strict or stern bearing or manner:austere)
(类)mitigate·severe=qualify·general 减轻·剧烈的=使具有资格·一般的(消除关系)
palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=严格的·严格(形容词及其名词)
(同)ascetic,astringent,stern,austere,dour,brutal,inclement
(例)treated all the students with severe impartiality 以非常公正的态度对待所有的学生
a severe winter storm 一场严酷的冬季暴风雪
shackle [] vt,加枷锁,束缚(to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of
restrictions or handicaps)
(反)shackle ◆ loose/emancipate 束缚 ◆ 放松/解放
(同)fetter,impede,hamper
shadow [] vt,遮蔽,使朦胧,预示,偷偷尾随(to follow especially secretly:trail)
(类)follow·shadow=scheme·plot =hear·eavesdrop=leave·abscond
跟随·偷偷尾随=计划·密谋=听·偷听=离开·潜逃(正常与秘密)
(反)shadowy ◆ overt 遮蔽 ◆ 公开
shallow [] 浅的,浅薄的(lacking in depth of thought;shoal,superficial)
(反)shallow ◆ profound 浅薄的 ◆ 深刻的
(例)buried in a shallow grave 埋在浅浅的墓穴中
a shallow demagogue 一个浅薄的煽动者

shale [] n,页岩,泥板岩
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=井·蓄水层 (事物及其发源)
(记)来自shell贝壳?
sham [] v,佯装 n,伪品 adj,虚假的(not genuine:false,feigned)
(反)debunk ◆ perpetuate to sham 揭穿真相 ◆ 永远伪装
sham ◆ genuine 虚假的 ◆ 真正的
(同)fictitious,counterfeit,artificial
(记)shame害羞去掉e(佯装
shard [] n.(陶瓷器、瓦等的)破片,碎片
(类)shard·pottery=fragment·bone=crumb· bread=morsel·food
破片·陶瓷=碎骨·骨头=面包屑·面包=(食物)一口·食物(碎片与整体)
shiftless [] adj,无计谋的,懒惰的(lacking in ambition or incentive:lazy)
(类)shiftless·ambition=ingenuous·guile 懒惰的·雄心=坦白的·诡计(缺乏关系)
(记)shift转移+less(懒的动(懒惰
shipshape [] adj,井然有序的,整洁的(trim,tidy)
(类)shipshape·disarray = squalid·cleanliness? 井然有序的·混乱=肮脏的·清洁(反义)
shirk [] v.逃避,规避 avoid (responsibility,work,etc.; malinger)
(类)shirk·duty= parry·question=recluse·crowd
逃避·责任=躲避·问题=隐遁·人群(逃避关系)
parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk
吝啬的·小气=装病逃避·逃避(正面特征)
hoard·miser=shirk·malinger
秘藏·守财奴=逃避·装病逃避的人 (正面特征)
shoal [] adj,浅的(shallow)
(类)shoal ◆ deep 浅的 ◆ 深的
(同)shallow,superficial
shoddy [ ] adj,以次充好的
shopworn [] adj,陈旧的,陈腐的(尤指在商店中陈列久的货物)
(反)shopworm ◆ new 陈旧的 ◆ 新的
(同)trite,clich,hackneyed,stale,timeworn
(记)shop商店+worn用旧的(陈旧的,陈腐的
shred [] n.碎片,细条(a long,irregular strip cut or torn off)少量剩余,最少量
(类)shred·remnant 碎布条·边角料(同义)
shrewd [] adj,精明的,机敏的(marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded
acumen)
(反)shrewd ◆ foolish/ na?ve 精明的 ◆ 愚蠢的/幼稚的
(同)shrewd,sagacious,perspicacious,astute,savvy
(例)the captain was a shrewd judge of character
(记)比较shrew泼妇 联想:泼妇一般是很精明的
shrine [] n,神殿,圣地
(类)shrine·pilgrim=peak·climber 圣地·圣地朝圣者=山顶·登山者(前者是后者的目标)

shrug [] v,耸肩(表示冷漠、怀疑等)to lift or contract(the shoulders)especially
to express aloofness,indifference,or uncertainty
(类)shrug·indifference=blush·embarrassment=nod·agreement=bow·respect
耸肩·不关心=脸红·困窘=点头·同意=鞠躬·尊敬(动作及其表达态度)
(记)参考:shrub 灌木?
shun [] vt,避开,避免(to avoid deliberately and especially habitually)
(反)haunt ◆ shun 常到 ◆ 避开(常去之地)
frequent ◆ shun 时常出入 ◆ 避开(常去之地)
【注:争议选项avoid 避免;说明:shun侧重强调避开一个习惯性长去的地方,avoid 较普通】
shun ◆ seek actively 躲避 ◆ 积极的寻找
(同)escape,avoid,elude,eschew,evade
sibling [] n,兄弟(或姊妹),同胞
sidereal [] adj,恒星的(in relation to stars or constellations:astral)
(类)arboreal·trees=sidereal·stars 树的·树=恒星的·恒星(形容及其名词)
fluvial·river=sidereal·star 河流的·河流=恒星的·恒星 (名词及其形容词)
star·sidereal=emotion·affective 恒星·恒星的=感情·感情的(名词及其形容词)
(记)sider 星+eal(星的
sidestep [] vi,躲避打击,回避问题(avoid;bypass,evade)
(反)sidestep ◆ confront directly 回避 ◆ 正对
(例)sidestep a blow sidestep a question 躲避打击,回避问题
signal [] adj,显著的(distinguished from the ordinary)
(反)signal ◆ unremarkable 显著的 ◆ 不明显的
(同)noticeable,conspicuous,outstanding,prominent,remarkable,salient
(记)sign标记+al(显著的
simper [] vi,n,假笑,傻笑(to smile in a silly manner;smirk)
(类)simper·smile=babble·talk 傻笑·笑=胡言乱语·说
simpleton [] n,笨蛋,傻子(缺乏常识)
(类)prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 谨慎·大胆=聪明·傻子(反义关系)
turncoat·constancy=simpleton·sagacity 背叛者不会不屈不挠=傻子不会聪明
(记)simple 简单+ton人(简单的人
simulate [] vt,模拟,假装,模仿(to assume the appearance often with the intent to deceive)
(反)simulation ◆ authentic article 模仿品 ◆ 真品
(记)simul 相同+ate(使相同(假装
sin [] n,犯罪,过失(an offense against religious or moral law)
(类)peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation 小错·犯罪=警告·惩罚(程度关系)
(同)evil,crime,iniquity,wrongdoing
sincere [] adj,诚实的,正直的(honest;pure; true)
(类)authenticity·fraudulent=sincerity·hypocritical 真实性·欺诈的=真实·伪善的(反特) poseur·sincerity=recluse·gregariousness 装模作样的人·真实=隐居者·群居(缺乏)
(反)poseur ◆ sincere person 装模作样的人 ◆ 真诚的人
badinage ◆ sincere conversation 打趣 ◆ 真诚的对话
(例)had a sincere dislike for politics
list 31 sinecure-------spleen
sinecure [] n,美差(well-paid position with little responsibility)
(反)sinecure ◆ arduous employment 美差 ◆ 艰苦的工作
(记)sine无+cure操心(不操心还拿高工资(美差
sinew [] n,精力,腱,原动力,体力(solid resilient strength:power)
(类)tendinous·sinewy 腱的·腱(形名同义)
(反)sinew ◆ weakness 强健 ◆ 虚弱
(例)astonishing intellectual sinew and clarity
(记)si=see看到+new新的(出新(精力,原动力
singe [] v,烧焦,烤焦(to burn superficially or lightly · scorch)
(类)singe·incinerate=erode·destruction 烧焦·烧成灰烬=腐蚀·毁灭(程度)
singularity [ ] n,独一,罕有,非凡 奇特,独特
sinuous [] adj,迂回的,复杂的(winding; intricate,complex)
(反)sinuous ◆ direct 蜿蜒的 ◆ 直接的
(同)winding,convoluted,flexuous,meandering,serpentine,tortuous
(记)sinu弯曲+ous弯曲的
sip [] vt,啜饮(to drink in small quantities)
(类)sip·drink=mince·walk 啜饮·喝酒=碎步走·行走(动作小与正常)
swill/quaff·sip=gobble·nibble=stride·mince
痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·一点一点地咬=迈大步走·碎步走(动作小与大)
ruthless·mercy = insipid·flavor 无情·仁慈=没有味道的·滋味
(反)swill ◆ sip 痛饮 ◆ 啜饮
(记)参考:insipid 乏味的;sipid 味道好的
siren [] n,塞壬;海妖之一,用歌声诱惑海员,使船只在岛屿周围触礁沉没
(类)siren·unresist=juggernaut·unstop
海妖·无法抗拒的=压倒性力量·无法阻止的(正面特征)
siren·sound=beacon·light 汽笛发出声音=灯塔发出光亮
siren·heard=light·seen 警报·被听见=光·被看见(事物及其感知方式)
(例)a slinky siren of the silent screen era
skeleton [] n,骨架,骨骼,提纲(a usually rigid supportive or protective structure or
framework of an organism)
(类)skeleton·animal= framing·building 骨架·动物=框架·房屋
skeptic [] n,怀疑者,怀疑论者,无神论者(a doubting or incredulous person)
(类)penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过的·顽固的=怀疑的·轻信的(反义)
(反)votary ◆ skeptic 信徒 ◆ 怀疑者
credence ◆ skeptic 信任 ◆ 怀疑
skepticism ◆ conviction 怀疑论 ◆ 确信
(例)people of long experience are often skeptics
skimp [] v,节省花费,吝啬(provide scantily;live very economically)
(类)parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk 吝啬的·吝啬=装病逃避·逃避(形动同义)
(同)scrimp,scrape,screw,spare,stint
skirmish [] n,小冲突(a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements)
(类)skirmish·insignificance= duel·formality 小冲突·微不足道=决斗·正式的
skirt [] vt,回避,绕…走(to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy)
(反)skirt ◆ seek/face 回避 ◆ 寻求/面对
skirt ◆ pass the center directly 绕走 ◆ 穿过中央
skit [] n,滑稽短剧(a satirical or humorous story or sketch)
(类)skit·play=anecdote·narrative 滑稽短剧·戏剧=小故事·记叙文(名词短与正常)
vignette·scene=skit·drama 小场景·场景=滑稽短剧·戏剧(名词短与正常)
slack [] adj,松弛的,缓慢的(not tight or taut)
(类)slacken·tension= blunt·sharpness 松弛·紧张=钝的·锐利
(反)slack ◆ taut 松弛的 ◆ 拉紧的
slab [] n,厚片(a broad,flat,thick piece)
(反)slab ◆ sliver 厚片 ◆ 细片
slake [] vt,消除,平息(quench),使满足,解渴(satisfy as thirst)
(类)gratify·desire=slake·thirst= satiate·hunger
使满足·欲望=解渴·口渴=饱足·饥饿(行为及其消除对象)
(例)He will slake your curiosity
(记)s+lake(一湖水(解渴
slant [] n,v.(使)倾斜,倾向,偏见(to interpret or present in line with a special interest:angle)
(反)slant ◆ assert without bias 偏见 ◆ 没有偏见的断言
(例)stories slanted toward youth
accused the media of slanting the news against the president
slate [] n,石板,候选人(提名)名单(a tablet used for writing on)
(类)roster·personnel=slate·candidate 花名册记录职员=候选人名单记录候选人
(记)slat板条+e(石板(古希腊选举在石板上刻上候选人名单
slew [] v.(使)旋转n,大量,许多(a large number)
(反) slew ◆ paucity/ limited quantity 大量 ◆ 缺乏/ 限量
(例)a slew of books
slight [] adj,纤细的,轻微的(TRIVIAL),少量的(SCANTY)
(反)grievous ◆ slight 严重的 ◆ 轻微的(lacking in strength or substance)
prodigious ◆ slight 巨大的 ◆ 微小的(small of its kind or in amount)
ponderous ◆ slight 笨重的 ◆ 纤细的(not stout or massive in body)
massive ◆ slight 大量的 ◆ 少量的(small of its kind or in amount)
slight [] n,vt,轻蔑,怠慢,冷漠(to treat with disdain or indifference)
(类)celebration·lament=slight·show respect 庆祝·悲叹=轻蔑·表示敬意(反义)
(反)cosset ◆ slight 宠爱 ◆ 冷漠
slight ◆ show respect to 轻蔑 ◆ 表示敬意
(同)neglect,discount,disregard,forget,ignore,overlook
sling [] n,(支撑伤臂或伤手的)吊带,三角巾
(类)splint·immobilize=sling·support(干扰sieve·flow)夹板用来固定=吊带用来支撑
(例)He had to keep his broken arm in a sling,他不得不把断胳膊固定在吊带上。
slink [ ] v,溜走(to go or move stealthily or furtively)
(同)sneak,creep,gumshoe,lurk,pussyfoot,shirk,skulk,slide,||snake,steal
slippery [] adj,滑的(causing or tending to slide or fall;unstable),狡猾的(tricky)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附(反面特征)
splint·mobility=ballast·instability =purchase·slippery
夹板·可动性=压载物·不稳定=紧握·光滑(动作与消除对象)
duct·convey=splint·immobilize 管道·运输=夹板·使固定(物品及其功能)
slippery·elude=alluring·entice (容易关系)狡猾的·逃脱=迷人的·诱惑
(同)slick,lubricious,unstable; tricky
(派)slipper 拖鞋;slippage 滑动
slipshod [] adj,粗心的,邋遢的(careless,slovenly)
(反)assiduous ◆ slipshod 勤勉的 ◆ 草率的
slipshod ◆ painstaking 漫不经心的 ◆ 艰苦的
(同)slovenly,careless,messy,raunchy,sloppy,unkempt,unneat,untidy
sloppy [] adj.邋遢的,不整洁的(slovenly,careless)
(反)natty ◆ sloppy 整洁的 ◆ 不整洁的
(同)slovenly,careless,messy,slipshod,unkempt,unneat,untidy
(记)slop溅出,弄脏+py(邋遢的,不整洁的
sloth [] n,怠惰,懒惰(disinclination to action or labor · indolence)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful· assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·刻苦(名形反义)
(反)sloth ◆ industry 懒惰 ◆ 勤奋
(同)idleness,indolence,slouch,sluggishness
slouch [] n,懒惰无能的人 v,懒散(to act with an excessively relaxed posture)
(反)slouch ◆ stand erect 没精打采地站着 ◆ 笔直地站着
slovenly [] adj,懒散的,不修边幅的(untidy; careless in work habits; slipshod)
(类) indulged·adherent=slovenly·dapper 放纵的·关联的=邋遢的·衣冠楚楚的(反义)
【注:adherent:adj.connected or associated with especially by contract 靠契约联系在一起的n,a follower of a leader,party,or profession 信徒,追随者】
(反)slovenly ◆ tidy/ natty/ dapper 邋遢的 ◆ 整洁的
(同)slovenly,careless,disheveled,slipshod,sloppy,unkempt,untidy
sluggard [] n,懒鬼,游手好闲的人(an habitually lazy person)
(类)rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正特)
(例)a sluggard who wanted to sleep all day
(记)slug一种行动缓慢的虫儿+gard(懒鬼
sluggish [] adj,行动迟缓的,缓慢的,迟钝的(indolent,torpid;slow to respond;markedly
slow in movement,flow,or growth)
(反)alacrity ◆ sluggish 敏捷 ◆ 迟缓的
(同)lethargic,slumberous,stupid,torpid;slow
slumber [] n,v,睡眠,沉睡状态(sleep;a light sleep)
(反)slumber ◆ awake 睡眠 ◆ 醒
slur [] vt,使模糊,含糊的发音(obscure;to pronounce indistinctly)
(类)slur·speech= smudge·writing 模糊·说话=弄脏·字迹
(反)slur ◆ pronounce clearly 含糊的发音 ◆ 清晰的发音
(记)比较:blur弄脏,变模糊
sly [] adj,狡猾的,诡密的,不坦率(lacking in straightforwardness and candor·dissembling)
(反)sly ◆ artless/ ingenuous 不坦率 ◆ 朴实的/ 诚实的
(同)artful,astute,crafty,cunning,foxy,guileful,subtle,tricky
smarmy [] adj,虚情假意的(revealing by a smug,ingratiating,or false earnestness)
(反)smarmy ◆ earnest 虚情假意的 ◆ 真挚的
(记)smarm(= to smear 涂抹,掩饰)
smart [] vi,刺痛,快速反应(to cause or be the cause or seat of a sharp poignant pain)
(类)smart·pain=grieve·sorrow 刺痛·痛苦=伤心·悲伤(动名同义)
(反)smart ◆ soothe 刺痛 ◆ 抚慰
(例)gave him a slap that was hard enough to smart
smart 2 [] adj,整洁的(neat,trim)聪明的,潇洒的(stylish or elegant in dress or appearance)
(反)tatty ◆ smart 衣衫褴褛的 ◆ 整洁的
smattering [] n,一知半解,浅薄的知识(superficial piecemeal knowledge)
(反) erudite ◆ smattering of knowledge 博学的 ◆ 一知半解
smirk [] v.假笑,得意地笑(to smile in an affected or smug manner · simper)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=冷笑·嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
(同)simper,smirkle
(例)smirking children imitating their teacher
smother [] vt,窒息,压抑(to suffocate (another))
(类)smother·choke 窒息·窒息(同义)

smug [] adj,自满的,沾沾自喜的(highly self-satisfied)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=冷笑·嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
primp·vain=gloat·smug 打扮·虚荣的=心满意足·自满的(动作与表达的心理)
(同)complacent,self-complacent,self-contented,self-pleased,self-satisfied
smuggle [] v,走私,私运(to import or export secretly and in violation of the law)
(类)collude·cooperate=smuggle·convey 勾结·合作=走私·运输(动作秘密与正常)
smuggler·import= embezzler·appropriate 走私者·运输=盗用公款者·挪用
smuggler·tariff=stowaway·fare 走私犯·关税=偷渡者·费用
(反)smuggle ◆ transport openly 走私 ◆ 公开运输
snare [] v,诱捕(to trap with or as if with a snare)n,陷井
(反)snare ◆ boo 诱捕 ◆ 用嘘声轰赶
snarl [] vi,n,缠结,咆哮
(类)exoneration·blame=disentangle·snarl 免除责任·责备=松开·纠缠(反义)
(反)disentangle ◆ snarl 解开纠结 ◆ 纠缠
snarler ◆ coo 狂吠 ◆ 咕咕声 snarler n,咆哮的人,狂吠的动物
(记)snarled纠缠不清的; gnarl节疤
sneer [] n,冷笑,嘲笑 vt,轻蔑(to laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=轻蔑·嘲笑(动作表达心理)
wince·pain=pout·displeasure 畏缩·痛苦=撅嘴·不愉快( 动作与反映的心理)
(同)leer,scoff,flout,gibe,gird,jest,quip(at),scout(at)
snobbish [] adj,势利的(snobby)
(类)attentive·officious=refined·snobbish 留意的·多管闲事的=优雅的·过于讲究的 (程度)
(例)a snobbish group of jet-set sophisticates
(记)snob势利的人
snub [] v,冷落,不理睬,轻蔑(to treat with contempt or neglect)
(类)dissemble·honesty=snub·politeness 掩饰·诚实=冷落·礼貌(动名反义)
snub·disdain=double-cross·disloyalty 冷落·蔑视=欺骗出卖·不忠实(动名同义)
(反)court ◆ snub 向…献殷勤 ◆ 冷落
soak [] v,浸泡,渗透(to permeate so as to wet,soften,or fill thoroughly)
(类)soaking·wet/damp=exuberant·happy=frigid·cool
湿透的·潮湿的=非常高兴的·高兴的=严寒的·凉爽的(程度)
castigation·reproof=soaking·damp 强烈责背·谴责=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(同)drench,saturate,sodden,sop,souse,steep,wet,deluge
(例)soak a sponge with water 用水浸透海绵
Rain soaked her to the skin 雨把她给淋透了。
sober [] adj,节制的,严肃的,朴素的(abstemious; unhurried,calm; serious)
(反)sober ◆ frivolous/puckish 严肃的 ◆ 轻佻的/淘气的
sumptuousness ◆ sobriety 奢华的 ◆ 朴素的
flippancy ◆ sobriety 轻率 ◆ 严肃
(派)sobriety节制,清醒
sodden [] adj,浑身湿透的,浸过酒的(heavy with or as if with moisture or water)
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿透的=沙漠·干燥的(正面特征)
moist·sodden=surprised·astonished 潮湿的·湿透的=吃惊的·震惊的(程度)
(反)sodden ◆ desiccated 湿透的 ◆ 干燥的
(同)wet,drenched,saturated,soaked
solace [] n,v,安慰,慰藉(alleviation of grief or anxiety)
(类)solace·grief=pacification·anger 安慰·忧愁=平息·忿怒(行为及其消除对象)?
(记)比较:solace不及物:表达慰问之情;console 及物:安慰,慰问某人
solder [] v,焊接,焊合(to unite or make whole by solder)
(反)breach ◆ solder 弄出裂口 ◆ 焊合
(例)A friendship soldered by common interests.
solemnity [] n,严肃,一本正经(seriousness;gravity)
(反)jest ◆ solemnity 玩笑 ◆ 严肃
(例)the solemnity of his words
solicit [ ] v,请求,恳求,乞求
solicitous [] adj,热切的,挂念的(worried,concerned)
(反)solicitous ◆ unconcerned 挂念的 ◆ 不关心的
solicitude ◆ indifference 关怀 ◆ 冷漠
(同)eager,anxious,ardent,avid,impatient,keen
(记)solicit恳求+ous(挂念的
solidify [] v.(使)凝固,(使)坚固
(反)pulverize ◆ solidify 粉碎 ◆ 巩固
(同)harden,concrete,congeal
(派)solidarity团结,一致; solidity坚固
soliloquy [] n,独白(talking to oneself ;a dramatic monologue)
(类)soliloquy·play= aria·opera 独白·戏剧=咏叹调·歌剧(种属)
solitude [] n,孤独,偏僻处,隐居处(state of being alone or remote from society)
(类)recluse·solitude=toady·favor 隐遁者·孤单=献媚者·好感 (正面特征)
(同)solitude,isolation,seclusion
(记)soli 唯一 参考:solitary孤独的,隐士;soliloquy独白;solo独唱
solvent [] adj,有偿付能力的(able to pay all legal debts)有溶解力的n,溶剂
(类)solvent·dissolve=coagulant·clot/thicken 溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·凝结/变浓(物品作用)
caustic·burn=solvent·dissolve 腐蚀性的·灼烧=可溶解的·溶解 (正面特征)
regimen·health=budget·solvency 养生法保证健康=预算保证偿付能力
(反)solvent ◆ precipitant 溶解的 ◆ 沉淀的
bankruptcy ◆ solvency 破产 ◆ 偿付能力
insolvency ◆ ability to pay one’s debts 无偿付能力 ◆ 有偿付能力
(记)solve 溶化,解决 参考:solvency 溶解力,还债能力
somatic [] adj,肉体的(relating to the the body; physical)
(反)somatic ◆ nonphysical 肉体的 ◆ 非身体的
(同)bodily,carnal,corporal,corporeal,physical
somber [] adj,昏暗的,阴森的,忧郁的(gloomy; dismal or depressing)
(反)cherubic ◆ somber 天真可爱的 ◆ 阴沉忧郁的
droll ◆ somber 好笑的 ◆ 忧郁的
adulation ◆ somber affection 热烈的赞扬 ◆ 低沉的感情
somnolence [] n,想睡,瞌睡,嗜睡
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=somnolence·alert 倦怠·热心的=困倦的状态·警惕的 (名形反义)
insomnia·sleep=dyslexia·read 失眠·睡觉=诵读困难·阅读(难以)
(记)somn睡+olent多(多睡的;参考:insomnia失眠
sonata [] n,奏鸣曲
(类)dessert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata
餐后甜点·一餐=尾声·表演=终结句·奏鸣曲(前者是后者结束部分)
(记)son声音+ata表示音乐的后缀(奏鸣曲 参考:cantata清唱剧
sonnet [] n,十四行诗
(类)sonnet·poet=symphony·composer 十四行诗·诗人=交响乐·作曲家(作者与作品)
sonnet·verse monger=painting·daubster 十四行诗·拙劣诗人=油画·笨画匠
sonnet·poem=denim·fabric 十四行诗·诗=粗斜纹棉布·织品(种属)
biography·nonfiction = sonnet·poem 自传·非虚构=十四行诗·诗(种属)
(干扰:aria·opera 咏叹调是歌剧中的一种演唱方式,并不是歌剧的一种。)
soothe [] vt,缓和,使安静;安慰(to ease or relieve (pain,for example))
(反)vex ◆ soothe 使烦恼 ◆ 安慰
smart ◆ soothe 刺痛 ◆ 抚慰
(同)calm,allay,balm,compose,lull,tranquilize
(记)斜音“酥” ~~~(让僵硬的变酥(安慰,缓和
sop [] n,有安慰作用的东西(a conciliatory bribe)v.浸湿,湿透(to wet thoroughly:soak)
(类)sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive
有安慰作用的东西·安抚的=津贴·有支持作用的(正面特征)
sopping·dampen=frigid·cool 浑身湿透的·使潮湿=寒冷的·使冷 (程度)
sophism [] n.诡辩 (看似有道理实际上无效)
(类)sophism·reasoning=counterfeit·money 诡辩·推理=赝品假钱·钱(假与正常)
(同)fallacy,deception,delusion,sophistry,speciousness,spuriousness
(记)soph智慧;参考:sophistry诡辩; sophisticated老于事故的,精密的
sophistication [] n,诡辩;久经世故,精明
(类)ingenue·sophistication=cynic·trustfulness
天真无邪的少女·世故=愤世嫉俗者·信赖(人物与反面属性)
(反)politic ◆ unsophisticated 圆滑的 ◆ 不世故的
bucolic ◆ sophisticated 质朴的 ◆ 精明的
soporific [] adj,催眠的,懒惰的,昏昏沉沉的 n,安眠药
(类)soporific·sleep=vaccinating·immunity 安眠药·睡眠=预防接种·免疫性(前者导致后者)
soporific·alertment=analgesic·pain 催眠的·警醒=止痛药·疼痛(药物及其消除对象)
(反)soporific ◆ stimulant 安眠药 ◆ 兴奋剂
soporific ◆ exhilarating 催眠的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
vitality ◆ soporific 活力 ◆ 安眠药
soporific ◆ exhilarating/invigorating/ provocative
昏昏欲睡的 ◆ 令人兴奋的/精神充沛的/刺激的
(记)sopor 昏睡 参考:soporous酣睡的
sordid [] adj,肮脏的,不干净的,卑鄙的(base,vile; dirty,filthy)
(反)sordid ◆ wholesome 肮脏的 ◆ 卫生的
sordid ◆ noble 卑鄙的 ◆ 高尚的
sought [ ] v,寻找,探索,寻求(seek的过去分词)
sound [] adj,健康的,强壮的,有效的,合理的
(类)ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的·坚固=混淆·清楚(形动反义)
(反)decrepit ◆ sound 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的
tenable ◆ unsound (主张)站的住脚的 ◆ 不合理的
(同)healthy,whole,stable,valid
sparse [] adj,稀疏的,薄的(not thickly grown or settled)
(反)sparse ◆ copious/ rife 稀疏的 ◆ 丰富的/非常多的
(同)meager,poor,scant,scanty
spartan [] adj,简朴的,刻苦的(lacking luxury and comfort;sternly disciplined)
(类)imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=简朴的·简朴的(程度)
(反)spartan ◆ sybaritic/indulgent/luxuriant/luxurious/sumptuous/voluptuous
简朴的 ◆ 奢侈逸乐的/放纵的/奢华的/奢华的/奢华的/奢侈逸乐的
spartan ◆ opulent 简朴的、节约的 ◆ 丰富的,富裕的
(记)sparta(斯巴达),希腊城邦,以简朴刻苦的态度处世
spat [] n,小争吵(a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst)
(类)cabal·association=spat·quarrel 阴谋小集团·协会=小争吵·吵架(小与正常)
spate [] n,泛滥,洪水;大量(sudden flood; a large number or amount)
(反)spate ◆ dearth 大量 ◆ 缺乏
spate ◆ trickling flow 洪水 ◆ 滴流
(同)flood,deluge,torrent
(记)s+pa+te(谐音:水沛的)→水很丰沛→洪水,泛滥
specific [] n,特效药 adj,特有的,独特的(special,distinctive,or unique)
(反)generic ◆ specific 一般的,普遍的 ◆ 特有的,独特的
(记)参考:specify指定,详细说明
specious [] adj.似是而非的(having a false look of truth or genuineness)
(类)specious·genuineness=illusory·reality 似是而非·真实=幻觉的·现实(前者缺乏后者)
(反)specious ◆ valid 似是而非的 ◆ 真实有效的
(同)false,erroneous,inaccurate,incorrect,unsound,sophistic
speck [] n,小点,斑点,少量(a very small amount:bit)
(类)mite·creature=speck·amount 螨虫·动物=少量·数量(小或少与正常)
(记)peck 啄食,吃一点点参考:peccadillo小过失
spectacular adj,蔚为壮观的,引人注目的,惊人的,突出的
spectator [] n,观众,目击者,旁观者(one who looks on or watches)
(类)epicure·discriminating=spectator·watching美食家·有识别力的=观众·观看的(正特)
(记)spect(看)+ator→看客→旁观者
speleology [] n,洞穴学
spelunker [] n,业余性质的洞窟探勘者
(类)cavern·spelunker=ocean·diver 洞穴· 探洞者=海洋·潜水者(后探索前)
cavern·spelunker=star·astronomer 洞穴· 探洞者=星·天文学家(后研究前)
spectrum [] n,光,光谱(a continuum of color a prism)
(类)color·spectrum=tone·scale 颜色·光谱=音调·音阶(事物及其组合体)
(记)spect(看)+um→看到的颜色→光谱
speculate [] vi,深思,推测(to meditate on or ponder a subject:reflect)
(反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 猜测 ◆ 不采取猜测
spendthrift [] n,挥霍者(a person who spends improvidently or wastefully)
(类)craven·hero=parsimonious·spendthrift 懦夫·英雄=吝啬的·挥霍无度的(反义)
miser·parsimonious=spendthrift·prodigal 吝啬鬼·吝啬的=浪费的人·挥霍的(正特)
(反)spendthrift ◆ miser 浪费的人 ◆ 吝啬鬼
(同)prodigal,profligate,squanderer,unthrift,wastrel
(记)spend花费+thrift节约(把节约的钱都花掉(挥霍者
spent [] adj,精疲力竭的,失去效用的(drained of energy or effectiveness:exhausted)
(类)precarious·stability=spent·efficacy 不稳定的·稳定性=失去效用的·功效 (缺乏)
(例)a spent arrow 强弩之末
spindly [] adj.细长的,纤弱的(frail or flimsy in appearance or structure)
(类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 柔软的·弹性=纤弱的·脆弱
(记)参考:spindle 仿锤,形状细长
spiny [] adj,多刺的,棘手的(abounding with difficulties or annoyances:thorny)
(反)spiny ◆ smooth 多刺的 ◆ 光滑的
(记)来自spine脊骨,隆起,刺 参考:spineless无脊椎的,没有骨气的
spire [] n,教堂的尖塔,尖顶(the upper tapering part of something; pinnacle)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 尖顶·教堂=尖塔·清真寺(前者是后者顶部的建筑)
spleen [] n.脾,脾气,怒气,怨恨(feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed)
(反)spleen ◆ good will 怨恨 ◆ 善意
(同)malice,despite,grudge,maliciousness
splice [ ] v.粘接;捻(绳子)(to join (ropes,for example) by interweaving strands)
(类)splice·rope=weld·metal=weave·fabric捻接绳子=焊接金属=编织布匹
list 32 splint ---------submerge
splint [] n.(固定断骨的)夹板,托板(material or a device used to protect and immobilize
a body part),薄木片(a thin piece split or broken off lengthwise;sliver)
(类)splint·mobility=ballast·instability=purchase·slippery=lubricant·friction
夹板·灵活性=压舱物·不稳定=紧握·光滑(前者消除后者)
splint·immobilize=duct·convey 夹板·使不能移动=输送管·输送(事物及其功用)
buttress·edifice=splint·limb 扶壁·大厦=夹板·四肢(事物及其作用对象)
crumb·bread=splint·wood 面包屑·面包=木片·木头(事物及其特殊状态)
spoke [] n.(车轮上)幅条,阻碍物
(类)spoke·hub=radius·center 幅条·毂,中心=半径·中心(前者从后者辐射出去)
spontaneous [] adj,自发的,本能的(acting without apparent thought or eliberation)
(类)juggernaut·unstoppable=extemporization·spontaneous
摧毁一切的强大力量·无法阻止的=即席演说·自发的(正面特征)
【注:boast·dishonest 自夸·不诚实的 自夸是一种态度,诚实是一种品质,两者无必然因果联系】
(反)spontaneous ◆ premeditated 一时冲动的 ◆ 预先考虑的
(同)automatic,impulsive,instinctive,unmeditated,unpremeditated
(例)spontaneous burst of applause
spoof [] n,轻松幽默的模仿(a light humorous parody)
(类)ode·poetry=spoof·parody 颂诗·诗=轻松幽默的模仿·滑稽模仿(种属)
【注:parody,a feeble or ridiculous imitation 拙劣或滑稽的模仿】
nicety·distinction=spoof·parody 细微差别:差别=轻松幽默的模仿:滑稽模仿(种属)
(记)比较:spoon匙;spool卷轴
sporadic [] adj,偶尔发生的,零星发生的(occurring occasionally)
(反)chronic ◆ sporadic 习惯性的 ◆ 零星发生的
sporadic ◆ regular 偶发性的 ◆ 有规则的
sporadic ◆ frequent 零星的 ◆ 频繁的
(同)infrequent,few,occasional
(记)spor(=sper分散)→分散的→零星发生的 参考:disperse分散
sprain [] n,扭伤,扭筋(to injure by a sudden or severe twist ;wrench)
(类)sprain·injure=cold·contagion 扭伤·伤害=感冒·传染病(种属)
(记)由rain联想:雨天路滑,容易扭伤。
sprawling adj,植物蔓生的;(城市)无计划地扩展延伸的
sprightly [] adj.愉快的,活泼的(marked by a gay lightness and vivacity)
(类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 蹒跚·不稳的=腾跃·活泼地(动作特征)
(反)hangdog ◆ sprightly 沮丧的 ◆ 愉快的
(同)lively,spirited alert,animate,keen,vivacious
(记)spring+brightly(明快的春天(愉快的,活泼的
spur [] vt,刺激,激励,用马刺刺
(反)deter ◆ spur 制止 ◆ 激励
(同)urge,exhort,goad,prod,prompt,propel
spurious [] adj,假的,伪造的(false;forged)
(反)spurious ◆ genuine 假的 ◆ 真实的
(同)apocryphal,unauthentic,ungenuine
(例)they had bought a spurious painting.他们买了一幅假画。
(记)容易混淆puerile青春期的,幼稚的
spurn [] v,拒绝,摈弃(to reject with disdain or contempt:scorn)
(反)spurn ◆ welcome willingly 摈弃 ◆ 欣然欢迎
spurn ◆ court/crave/embrace 摈弃 ◆ 追求,渴望,拥抱
spurned ◆ beloved 摈弃的 ◆ 心爱的
(同)decline,disapprove,refuse,reject,reprobate,repudiate
squabble [] n,争论,口角,小争吵(spat,tiff;a minor quarrel)
(类)squabble·dispute/quarrel =foible·failing 小争吵·争论=小缺点·缺点 (小和正常)
tiff·squabble=foible·failing 小争吵·争吵=小缺点·缺点 (小和正常)
【注:foible:a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior|| tiff:a petty quarrel
squabble除了表示小争吵外还可表示正常的争吵a noisy altercation】

squalid [] adj,污秽的,肮脏的(marked by filthiness from neglect or poverty)
(反)squalid ◆ pristine 污秽的 ◆ 纯净的,未遭毁坏的
squalid ◆ salubrious 肮脏的 ◆ 有益健康的
squalid ◆ immaculate 肮脏的 ◆ 纯净的
splendor ◆ squalor 壮丽 ◆ 肮脏
(同)dirty,black,foul,impure,nasty,soily
squall [] n.小骚乱 狂风,暴风雪,哇哇叫声(a short-lived commotion)
(类)squall·commotion=flash·illumination 短时骚乱·骚动=闪现,一瞬间·照明(短与正常)
squander [] vt,浪费,使分散(to spend extravagantly or foolishly:dissipate)
(类)proctor·supervise=prodigal·squander 学监·监督=浪费者·浪费(正面特征)
【注:proctor,supervisor,monitor; specifically· one appointed to supervise students
(as at an examination) 监督者,尤其是被任命监督学生的人,如考试中的监考者。】
(反)squander ◆ conserve/husband 浪费 ◆ 保存/节俭
(记)s+quan(谐音“款”=钱)→撕钱→浪费
square [ ] v,一致,符合,结清(to bring into balance;settle)
(例)square a debt,付清债务
squat [] adj,敦实的,矮壮结实的(marked by disproportionate shortness or thickness)
(反) squat ◆ tall and thin 矮状结实的 ◆ 又高又瘦的
(记)原义“蹲”谐音“敦”→敦实的
squint [] v,斜视(to look or peer with eyes partly closed)
(类)squint·eye=pucker·mouth 斜视·眼=噘嘴·嘴巴 (人物器官及其特殊形态)
(记)squi(谐音“私窥”)→私下里窥视→斜着眼看
区别:quaint离奇有趣的;acquaintance熟人
squelch [] n,v,压制,镇压(to completely suppress:quell)
(反)squelch ◆ foment/ kindle 压制 ◆ 煽动/激发
(同)squash,quell
(记)squelch,squash,quell等词都有可能是拟声词。
stabilize [] v,稳定(to make stable,steadfast,or firm)
(反)stability ◆ inconstancy 稳定性 ◆ 反复无常
stabilize ◆ fluctuate? 稳定 ◆ 波动
stagnant [] adj,不流动的,停滞的,不活泼的(not flowing in a current or stream)
(反)stagnant ◆ flowing 停滞的 ◆ 流动的
(同)static,immobile,stationary
(记)stagn=stand+ant(不动的
staid [] adj,稳重的,沉着的(marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint)
(反)staid ◆ jaunty 沉重的 ◆ 轻快的
puckish ◆ staid 淘气的 ◆ 严肃的
(同)sober,grave
stalemate [] n,和棋局面,僵局(a drawn contest:deadlock)
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations 阻塞防碍排水=僵局阻碍谈判
(记)stale(陈腐的)
stalk [] v,暗中追踪(to pursue quarry or prey stealthily)
(类)collude·cooperate=stalk·follow=infiltrate·enter
串通·合作=暗中追踪·跟随=秘密潜入·进入
grazing·foragers=stalking·hunter 放牧·放牧者= 暗中追踪·追踪捕猎者
stall [ ] v,使停止,使延迟
stalwart [] adj.健壮的,坚定的(marked by outstanding strength and vigor)
(类)constant·stalwart=judiciousness·sage 坚决的·坚定的=明智的·贤明的 (同义)
(反)lank ◆ stalwart 瘦弱的 ◆ 健壮的
timorous ◆ stalwart 胆怯的 ◆ 意志坚定的
(同)strong,stout,sturdy,tenacious,tough,steadfast
stamina [] n,体力,耐力(staying power,endurance)
(反)stamina ◆ frailty 耐力 ◆ 脆弱
(记)stamina-"斯塔姆"(荷兰队后卫)以体力、耐力好著称
(同)strength,tolerance,endurance,toleration
stammer [] v.口吃,结巴(to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking·halt)
(类)falter·act=stammer·speak 踌躇·行动=口吃·说(行为及其特征方式)
stammer·halting=drone·monotonous
结巴的说·犹豫=单调地说·单调的(正面特征)
stanza [] n.(诗)节,段(a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines;strophe)
(类)ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 歌谣·诗节=小说·章节 (部分与整体关系)
stanza·line=volume·issue=concert·program 诗节·诗句=合订本·期=音乐会·节目
【注:volume · a series of issues of a periodical】
stanza·poem/poetry=act·opera=movement·symphony=paragraph· prose
诗节·诗=幕·歌剧 =乐章·交响乐=段落·散文(部分与整体关系)
(记)stan(站住)+za=诗停住的地方=(诗)节,段
startle [] vt,使大吃一惊 n,吃惊(to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not seriously)
(反)startle ◆ lull 使大吃一惊 ◆ 使平静(干扰:appease,reconcile平息,安抚)
【注】lull:soothe or calm 是从一种惊讶,恐惧的情绪中平静下来。而appease,reconcile带有安抚的意味,多指使人从愤怒、悲痛、烦恼等情绪的安静下来。
(同)frighten,alarm,fright,scare
stasis [ ] n,停滞,郁积
static [] adj,静态的,呆板的,停滞的(a lack of movement,animation,or progression)
(类)static·move=pliable·inflexible 静态的·移动=顺从的·固执的
(反)motility ◆ stasis 运动性 ◆ 停滞
stasis ◆ period of change 稳定 ◆ 改变期间
(同)immobile,stagnant,stationary
stature [] n,身高,身材(natural height in an upright position)
(类)stature·tall=sound·loud 身材高大=声音宏亮(事物及其修饰)
(记)stat 站 + ure(状态) 联想:站着展示身高,身材辨别:status 地位,身份 statute 法令,条例
steadfast [] adj,坚定的,忠诚的(firm in belief,determination,or adherence:loyal)
(反)capricious ◆ steadfast 善变的 ◆ 坚定的
(记)stead + fast紧的,耐久的)
(同)faithful,constant,abiding,inflexible
stealth [] n,秘密行动,鬼祟(the act or action of proceeding furtively,secretly,or imperceptibly)
(类)caprice·whimsical=stealth·furtive=discontent·unsatisfied
反复无常·反复无常的=秘密行动·偷偷摸摸的=不满·不满足的(名形同义)
(记)steal(偷)+th
steep [] vt,vi,浸,泡(to cover with or plunge into a liquid)
(反)steep ◆ parch 浸湿 ◆ 烤干
(同)saturate,soak,immerse
steep 2 adj,陡峭的,非常高难以接受的(extremely or excessively high)
(例)steep prices 难以接受的高价
stench [] n.臭气,恶臭v.(使)发恶臭(to emit a strong offensive odor:stink)
(类)stench·nose=din·ear 臭气·鼻子=喧闹·耳朵(感观及其感知的对象)
stencil [] n.(用以刻写文字、图案的)模版 v.用模版刻写
(类)stencil·lettering=pattern·sewing 模版·刻出的字母=纸样·缝纫物
stentorian [] adj.声音宏亮的(extremely loud)
(类)audible·stentorian=discernable·obvious/ manifest
听得见的· 声音宏亮的=可辨别的·明显的(程度)
(反)stentorian ◆ faint 哄亮的 ◆ 微弱的
(同)earsplitting,raucous,strident,stentorious
stereotype n,铅版(印刷) 陈规,老套,刻板模式
sterile [] adj,不毛的(unproductive of vegetation)无菌的(free from living organisms and
especially microorganisms)
(类)impeccable·flaw=sterile·germ/ bacteria
没有缺点的·错误,缺点=无菌的·细菌(缺乏关系)
plain·austere=clean·sterile 朴素的·简朴的=洁净的·无菌的(同义)
(反)verdant ◆ sterile 青翠的 ◆ 不毛的
sterilize ◆ contaminate 杀菌 ◆ 污染
(同)barren,impotent,infecund,infertile
(类)sterilization·microorganisms=deforestation·trees
杀菌·微生物=采伐森林·树木(前者去除后者)
stickler [] n.坚持细节之人,一丝不苟的人(one who insists on exactness or
completeness in the observance of something)
(类)stickler·exacting =pedagogue·indoctrinate一丝不苟者·苛求的=教师·灌输(正面特征)
stickler·exacting=defeatist·resigned一丝不苟者· 苛求的=悲观主义者·听天由命的
stickler·derelict=poseur·unaffected
一丝不苟的人·玩忽职守=装模做样的·不自然(反面特征)
(记)stickle(固执己见)+er ;stick(粘住引申为坚持)+ler
stiff [] adj,僵硬的;呆板的(lacking in suppleness or responsiveness)
(类)numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木的·感觉=僵硬的·柔软性(缺乏关系)
(反)suppleness ◆ stiffness/rigidness 柔软 ◆ 坚硬
(同)immalleable,impliable,incompliant,rigid,obstinate
stifle [] vt,抑制,使窒息(to withhold from circulation or expression:repress; to kill by
depriving of oxygen,suffocate)
(反)stifle ◆ foment/foster ◆ stifle 抑制 ◆ 煽动/鼓励
(同)suppress,suffocate
stigma [] n,耻辱,污名(a mark of shame or discredit:stain)
(反)stigma ◆ mark of esteem 耻辱 ◆ 尊敬的标志
(同)stain,blur,brand,slur,spot
(记)stigmatize vt,污蔑、玷污
stilted [] adj,夸张的,高傲的;不自然的(pompous,lofty ;formal,stiff)
(同)bombastic,genteel,affected,mincing,pretentious
(记)stilt(高跷) + ed
stint [] v,吝惜,节省(to be sparing or frugal)
(反)lavish ◆ stint 浪费 ◆ 节省
(同)scrimp,pinch,skimp,spare
(记)区别:stink (n,臭味,臭气)
stingy [] adj,小气的,吝啬的(not generous or liberal)stingy
(类)miser·stingy= loner·solitary=sage·judicious
吝啬鬼·吝啬的=孤独地人·孤独的=贤人·明智的 (正面特征)
(反)generosity ◆ stinginess 慷慨 ◆ 小气
generously ◆ stingily 慷慨地 ◆ 吝啬地
(同)mingy,miserly,niggard,parsimonious,penurious
stipple [] v.点画,点描,点刻(to engrave by means of dots and flicks)
(类)stipple·dot=striate·band 点描·点=加条纹·条带(动作及其对象关系)
(记)stip(点)+ ple=用点刻画
(同)speckle,dot,freckle,speck
stipulate []v.(作为合约的条件)规定;按合同要求(to lay down as a condition of an
agreement; require by contract)
(类)request·command=propose·stipulate 请求·命令=提议·规定(呈请与下达的关系)
(反)stipulation ◆ tacit requirement 约定 ◆ 默认的要求
(记)stip(点)+ulate→点名,讲定(条件)
stitch [] n,一针,缝线(a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing)
(类)tile·mosaic=stitch·sampler 瓷砖·马赛克=针脚·刺绣样品(前者组成后者)
stock [] n,库存,储备 adj,存货的,常备的,普通的(commonly used or brought forward)
(类)census·population=inventory·stock 人口普查(调查)人口=存货清单(清点)库存
(反)stock ◆ unique 普通的 ◆ 独特的
(同)supply,inventory,store,reserve,hoard ;standard
stockade [] n,栅栏,围栏(an enclosure or pen made with posts and stakes)
(类)stockade·enclosure=pillar·support 栅栏用来围绕=柱子用来支撑
stodgy [] adj,平庸的,乏味的(boring,dull)非常守旧的(extremely old-fashioned)
(类)stodgy·conservative=mad·exited=mawkish·sentimental
非常守旧的·保守的=疯狂的·激动的=令人作呕的·感性的(程度)
(反)stodgy ◆ exciting 乏味的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
(同)dull,dreary,humdrum,monotonous,pedestrian,hideboucd
stoke [] v,添加燃料,司炉,激起(to poke or stir up (as a fire):supply with fuel)
(类)stoke·fuel=irrigate·water 添加燃料· 燃料= 灌溉·水 (利用)
stoic [] adj,禁欲的,坚忍的,冷静的(not showing passion)n.坚忍克己的人
(类)stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 冷静的·扰乱=贪婪的·满足 (不容易被)
(反)stoic ◆ flinch 坚忍 ◆ 畏缩
(记)来源中古英语 stoic[斯多葛派学者],主张坚忍克己
(同)apathetic,dull,impassive,phlegmatic,stolid
stolid [] adj,无动于衷的,感情麻木的(expressing little or no sensibility:unemotional)
(反)stolid ◆ excitable 感情麻木的 ◆ 易兴奋的
stomach v.吃得下,容忍(to bear without overt reaction or resentment)
(反)stomach ◆ refuse to tolerate 容忍 ◆ 不能容忍
(同)abide,bear,brook,endure,swallow,tolerate
stonewall v,拒绝(合作)(to refuse to comply or cooperate with)
(反)stonewall ◆ cooperate fully
stouthearted adj,刚毅的,大胆的(having a stout heart or spirit:stubborn)
(反)pusillanimous ◆ stouthearted 胆小的 ◆ 大胆的
(记)stout(勇敢的,坚决的)+heart(心)+ed
(同)brave,bold,courageous,dauntless,intrepid,valiant
stowaway [ ] n,无票偷乘者
(类)smuggler·tariff=towaway·fare 走私者逃关税=偷乘者逃交通费
(记)stow装载;偷乘者一般将自己当货物、行李一样装进交通工具,达到偷乘目的。
strata [ ] n,(单数为stratum)层次,社会阶层
(例)the privileged stratum特权阶层
stratagem [] n.谋略,策略(a cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end)
(类)stratagem·deceive=concession·placate 计谋·欺骗=让步·安抚 (手段目的)
(同)trick,artifice,device,feint,ploy,wile
strait [] n,海峡;(pl) 困境,窘迫
(类)isthmus·land=strait·water 地峡·陆地=海峡·海水(连接关系)
strand n,绳、线之一股,线,绳;v,搓成,拧成
(类)grooved·striation =braided·strand 有槽的·条纹=编织的·绳索(后者特征是前者)
stand 2 vi.搁浅 vt.使搁浅,使落后,使陷于困境 n,海滨,河岸
(派)stranded adj.束手无策的;进退两难的
stratify [] v,使层化,使分成各种等级(to divide into classes,castes,or social strata)
(反)stratify ◆ homogenize 区分等级 ◆ 使等同
(记)stratum(层:地层,生物组织层,社会阶层)复数为strata
stray [] adj,离群的,迷途的,偶然的 vi.离群,迷途,偏离(separated from the group or the
main body;to wander from company,restraint,or proper limits)
(类)digressive·(topic/subject)=stray·group
离题的·(话题/主题)=离群的·团体(动作及其相关对象)
(同)deviate,digress,depart,divagate,diverge,wander
strength [] n,力量,强度,浓度(degree of potency of effect or of concentration)
(类)slacken·tautness=dilute·strength 放松减轻紧张度=稀释减轻浓度
(同)power,potency,sinew
striate [] vt,加条纹(to mark with striations or striae)
(类)stipple·dot=striate·band 点画·点=加条纹·条带 (动作及其对象关系)
striated·groove=dappled·spot 有条痕的·凹槽=有斑点的·斑点(形名同义)
(同)streak,stripe
stricture [] n,严厉谴责,束缚(an adverse criticism·censure;restriction)
(反)eulogy ◆ stricture 颂词 ◆ 责难
(记)strict(严格的)+ure
(同)animadversion,aspersion,obloquy

stride [] v,迈大步走,跨过(to move with or as if with long steps)
(类)quaff·sip=stride·mince 大口地喝·啜饮=迈大步走·碎步走(大和小)
?
strident [] adj,刺耳的,高声喧哗的(sound harsh,insistent,and discordant)
(类)stridency·sound=acridity·odor=garishness·appearance
刺耳·声音=辛辣·气味=艳丽·外表(前者都对感官进行了刺激)
(同)harsh,grating,raucous,stridulous
?
strike [] v,冲制(奖牌)(to form by stamping,printing,or punching)
(类)strike·medal=mint·coin 冲制·奖牌=铸造·硬币(动作及其加工对象)
striking adj,惹人注目的,显著的,突出的
stringent [] adj,绷紧的,严厉的,缺钱的(tight,constricted)
(反)stringent ◆ lax 绷紧的 ◆ 松弛的
(记)string(线,细绳)+ent→用绳子绷紧的
(同)rigid,draconian,ironhanded,rigorous,strict
strip [] v,脱衣,剥夺(to remove clothing,covering,or surface matter from)
(反)bedeck ◆ strip 穿衣打扮 ◆ 脱衣
(记)区别:stripe n,条纹,斑纹;类型
(同)denude,disrobe,unclothe,undress
strive [ ] v,努力,奋斗,力争
strut [] vi,趾高气扬地走(to walk with a pompous and affected air)n,支柱,压杆(a structural
piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length)
(类)strut·walk=pontificate·speak
趾高气扬地走·走=傲慢自大地说·说 (行为及其特征方式)
strut·wing=buttress·wall= guy·pylon
支柱·机翼=扶壁·墙壁=支索· 铁塔(前者支持后者)
studio [] n,工作室,画室,摄影室(the working place of a sculptor or photographer)
(类)studio·artist=laboratory·scientist画室·艺术家=实验室·科学家(人及其活动场所)
stultify [] vt,使无效,抑制(to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on)使显得愚笨
(反)stultify ◆ stir/excite 抑制 ◆ 激起/刺激
stultifying ◆ exciting/stirring 抑制的 ◆ 使人激动的/激动人心的
(同)stagnate,stifle,trammel
(记)stult(=stupid愚蠢的)+ify→使愚蠢,使无效
stupor [] n,迟钝,麻痹,无知觉(a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended
sense or sensibility)
(类)stupor·alert=despair·hopeful 麻痹·警惕的=绝望·有希望的(反义)
stun [] vt,使晕倒,使发愣(to make senseless or dizzy by:daze)
(派)stunning adj,极富魅力的
stunt [] v.阻碍(成长)(to hinder the normal growth,development,or progress of)
(类)obstruct·progress=stunt·growth 延缓进步=阻碍成长
(反)nurture ◆ stunt 抚育 ◆ 阻碍生长
(同)dwarf,suppress
sturdy [] adj,强健的,健全的(marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor)
(反)decrepit ◆ sturdy 衰老的 ◆ 强健的
(同)strong,stalwart,stout,tenacious,tough
stygian [] adj,漆黑的,幽暗的,地狱的(extremely dark,gloomy,or forbidding)
(类)stygian·dark=abysmal·low 漆黑的·黑=极深的·低的(程度)
(同)hellish,infernal,gloomy
stylus [] n,铁笔(an instrument for writing,marking,or incising)
(类)stylus·mark=lamp·illumination 铁笔·标记=灯·照明(工具及其用途)
stylus·engraving=shield·protecting 铁笔·雕刻=防护物,盾·保护(工具及其作用)
stymie [] v,阻碍(to present an obstacle to·stand in the way of)
(反)stymie ◆ abet/ foster/ promote 阻碍 ◆ 协助/ 促进
subdue [] vt,征服;压制;减轻(to conquer and bring into subjection:vanquish)
(类)impervious·damaged=indomitable·subdued
无法伤害的·被损坏的=无法征服的·被征服的(反义)
(反)subdue ◆ burgeon/inflame 压制、抑制 ◆ 快速发展/激起
subdued ◆ unruly 屈服的 ◆ 不服管教的
flamboyant ◆ subdued 艳丽的 ◆ 柔和的
indomitable ◆ easily subdued 不屈的 ◆ 容易屈服的
(同)conquer,crush,defeat,subjugate,vanquish
subject [] n,臣民,受支配的人 vt,使屈从于…使隶属
(反)potentate ◆ subject 统治者 ◆ 臣民
subjugate [] vt,征服,镇压(to bring under control and governance as a subject)
(类)blur·definition=subjugate·independence 使模糊·清晰度=使屈服·独立(反义)
(反)subjugation ◆ liberation 征服 ◆ 解放
enfranchise ◆ subjugate 解放 ◆ 镇压
(同)conquer,crush,defeat,subdue,vanquish
sublime [] adj,崇高的,庄严的(lofty,grand,or exalted in expression or manner)
(反)sublime ◆ base/despicable 崇高的 ◆ 卑鄙的/可鄙的
sublime ◆ ridiculous/furtive 庄严的 ◆ 可笑的/鬼鬼祟祟的
sublime ◆ worthless 崇高的 ◆ 无益的
(同)grand,exalted,lofty,superb
subliminal [] adj.下意识的,潜在意识的(below the threshold of conscious perception)
(反)subliminal ◆ at a perceptible level? 下意识的 ◆ 直觉的,可觉察到的
submerge [] vt,浸没,淹没 vi,潜入水中(to cover or overflow with water)
(类)bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant=dissolve·insoluble
弯曲·刚硬的=淹没·上浮的=溶解·不溶的
(反)submerge·water=inter·earth 潜入水中=埋藏在泥土里
(记)sub(下面)+merge(吞没)=淹没
(同)deluge,douse,immerse,inundate,overwhelm
list 33 submissive -------- taut
submissive [] adj,服从的,顺从的,恭顺的(submitting to others)
(类)insubordinate·submissive=capricious·deliberate
不顺从的·顺从的=多变·深思熟虑的(反面特征)
(同)tame,domestic,domesticated,subdued
subordinate [] adj,下级的,附属的(inferior)次要的(secondary)顺从的
(submissive to or controlled by authority) n,下属
(反)principal ◆ subordinate 首要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)sub (在…之下) +ordin(=order次序)→顺序排在下面→下级的
(同)dependent,secondary,subject,under
subpoena [] n.(法律)传票(a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear in
court under a penalty for failure)v,传讯
(类)lien·claim=subpoena·command 留置权是一种法律权力=传票是一种法律命令
subpoena·witness=conscript·soldier 传讯证人=招募士兵(招集)
(记)sub(在…下面)+ poena(=penalty 惩罚)→传讯
subservient?[] a,奉承的,屈从的(obsequiously submissive)
(类)willfulness·headstrong=subservience·fawning 任性·任性的=奉承·奉承的
(同)menial,obeisant,obsequious,servile
subside [] vi,下陷,下沉(to let oneself settle down,sink;to sink or fall to the bottom)
(反)subside ◆ promote (地位)下降 ◆ 提升
subside ◆ withhold pressure 下沉 ◆ 抗压
(记)sub(下面)+side(=sit坐)→坐下去→下陷
(同)abate,die,lull,wane
subsidiary [] adj,次要的;辅助的(of secondary importance)
(反)preponderant ◆ subsidiary 重要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)sub+ sidi坐→坐在下面的→次要的,辅助的
(同)auxiliary,accessory,subservient
subsidy [] n,补助金,津贴(direct financial aid by government)
(类)subsidy·support=debt·obligation 同义还是种属
sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive 安抚物·安抚的=补助金·支助的(正面特征)
【注,sop,a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe,gift,or gesture】
(同)appropriation,grant,subvention
substantial []adj,物质的;真实的(real);重要的(important,essential)
(反)diaphanous ◆ substantial 非物质的 ◆ 物质的
substantive ◆ trivial 重要的 ◆ 琐细的
vaporous ◆ substantial 空幻的 ◆ 真实的
tenuous ◆ substantial 空洞的 ◆ 实质的
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未证实的 ◆ 证实的
(记)substantia[=substance物质]+l →物质的
substantiate [] vt,证实(verify);使实体化(to give substance or form to:embody)
(反)substantiate ◆ controvert/disapprove 证实 ◆ 反驳(to pass unfavorable judgment on)
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未经证实的 ◆ 已证实的
inane ◆ substantiated 空洞的 ◆ 实体化的
substantiation ◆ disproof 证实 ◆ 反驳
(记)substantia(=substance物质)+ate →用事实证明
(同)embody,materialize,confirm,authenticate,corroborate,verify
substantive [] adj,巨额的,大量的;本质的,主要的
(反)substantive ◆ trivial 主要的 ◆ 琐细不重要的
subterfuge [] n,托辞,狡计(a deceptive device or stratagem)
(类)subterfuge·deceive=decanter·pour 狡计·欺骗=倒酒容器·倾倒(名词及其用途)
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 直率·托词=仓促·深思熟虑 (反义)
(记)subter(在下面)+ fuge(逃跑)→逃离真实→托辞,狡计;参考:refuge避难
(同)deception,chicane,chicanery,fraud,trickery
subtlety n,微妙;微妙的想法
(类)melodrama·subtlety=chimera·authenticity 情节剧不微妙=梦幻不真实
【注】情节剧指以动作、情节取胜的类型剧,不够艺术,所以缺乏微妙和值得回味之处。
subvert [] vt,颠覆,推翻(to overturn or overthrow from the foundation·ruin)
(类)sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏·颠覆=暴力强迫·胁迫 (目的关系)
(反)subvert ◆ reinforce 推翻 ◆ 加强
(同)sabotage,undermine,wreck
(记)sub(在下) + vert(转)→转到下面→推翻
succeed v,接着发生,接续 继承,继任
(例)She succeeded to the throne,她继承了王位
successively adv,连续地,相继地,依次地
succinct [] adj,简明的,简洁的(compact precise expression without wasted words)
(类)loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 罗嗦的·简洁的=敏捷的·笨拙的(反义)
(反)succinctness ◆ prolixity/ verbosity 简洁 ◆ 冗长,罗嗦
succinct ◆ prolix/ verbose/voluble 简洁的 ◆ 冗长的/罗嗦的/多话的
circumlocution ◆ succinct expression 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的表达
(记)suc(=sub 从属)+cinct (束紧)→将衣服束紧(与长袍相对)→简洁的
(同)concise,brief,compendious,curt,laconic
succor [] vt,n,救援,援助(to go to the aid of:relieve)
(类)succor·relief=caution·warning 救援·救济=警告·警告(同义)
(反)succor ◆ aggravate 援助 ◆ 使恶化(make worse,more serious,or more severe)
succor ◆ deny aid 援助 ◆ 拒绝帮助
(同)help,aid,assist,assistance,relief
(记)suc(=sub 前缀)+ cor(=cur 跑)→跑过来援助 参考:current 流通的,最近的
succumb [ ] vi,屈从,屈服,死
(例)succumb to temptation 受惑
suffocate [] v,使窒息(to stop the respiration of)
(类)suffocate·oxygen=starve·nutrients 使窒息·氧=使饿死·营养(缺乏关系)
(同)asphyxiate,choke,smother,stifle
(记)suf(=sub 低,附属)+ foc(= throat 咽喉)→使咽喉受困→窒息
参考:focus 焦点 来源:咽喉是我们生命的焦点部位→焦点
suffrage [ ] n,投票,选举权
suffuse [] v.(色彩等)弥漫,染遍,充满(to spread over in the manner of fluid or light)
(类)tint·suffuse=damp·quench 染色· 染遍=打湿·浸透(程度)
(同)flush,fill,infuse,imbue,ingrain,steep
sulk [] v,生气,愠怒(to be sullen or morose in mood usually because of a grievance)
(反)sulk ◆ rejoice 生气 ◆ 高兴
(同)grump,pet,pout,sull
(例)she felt sulked all day when he didn't call,当他不打电话的时候她整天都感到郁闷。
sullen [] adj.阴郁的,愠怒的(showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment)
(反)easy,gay,high-spirited,insouciant,lighthearted,smiling
(同)morose,sulky
sully [] v,弄脏,玷污,使丢脸
summary [] n,摘要(an abstract) adj.即刻的,仓促的(done without delay or formality)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection 纲要·摘要=文选·文集(同义)
aside·digression=summary·excerpt 离题·离题=摘要·摘录(同义)
【注:aside:a straying from the theme:digression】
(反)summarily ◆ after long deliberation 草率地 ◆ 深思熟虑地
summary ◆ protracted 即刻的 ◆ 拖延的
(同)concise,compendious,curt,laconic,succinct
(记)sum 总数,汇总
summit [] n,顶点,最高阶层(top,apex; especially,the highest point:peak)
(类)crest·wave=summit/peak·mountain 波峰·波浪=山顶·山(顶部与整体的关系)
cache·hidden=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处是隐藏的=顶点是难到达的
(反)nadir ◆ summit 最低点 ◆ 顶点
(同)top,apex,crest,peak,roof
summon [] vt,召集;传唤出庭(to command by service of a summons to appear in court)
(类)command·request=summon·invite 命令·请求=召集·邀请(程度)
(反)summon ◆ dismiss 召集 ◆ 解散
(同)convoke,assemble,convene
sumptuous [] adj,豪华的,奢侈的(extremely costly,rich,luxurious,or magnificent)
(反)sumptuous ◆ sobriety 奢侈的 ◆ 节制的(the quality or state of being sober清醒)
sumptuous ◆ ascetic/frugal/spartan 奢侈的 ◆ 苦行的/节俭的/简朴的
(同)luxurious,luxuriant,opulent,palatial
sunder [] v,分裂,分离(to break apart or in two;separate)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 坍塌·内爆=分开·分裂(后者造成前者)
【注】implode:to collapse inward as if from external pressure
(反)sunder ◆ connect/link 分裂 ◆ 连接
sunder ◆ bond/combine/conjoin/merge/yoke 分裂 ◆ 结合
sunder ◆ yoke 分离 ◆ 连接
【注】yoke v,to join in or with a yoke(用车辕连接)
(同)separate,disjoin,disjoint,disunite
(记)谐音:散的→分裂,分离
supercilious [] adj,目中无人的,傲慢的(coolly and patronizingly haughty)
(反)supercilious ◆ obsequious/groveling/humble 傲慢的 ◆ 奉承的/卑躬屈膝的/谦逊的
superciliousness ◆ humility 傲慢 ◆ 谦逊
(同)proud,arrogant,disdainful,haughty,insolent,overbearing
(记)super+cili(=lower eyelid 下眼皮)→眼皮向上翻→目中无人参考:conciliate:con(共同)+cili(眼皮)→眼睛看一处→调和,安抚
superficial [] adj,表面的;肤浅的(lying on the surface,external)
(反)superficial ◆ central 表面的,外部的 ◆ 中央的
(同)shallow,shoal
superfluous [] adj,多余的,过剩的(exceeding what is sufficient or necessary:extra)
(类)pertinent·relevance=redundant·superfluity中肯的·中肯=多余的·多余(形名同义)
(反)integral ◆ superfluous 不可缺少的 ◆ 多余的
superfluity ◆ scarcity 额外 ◆ 缺乏
(同)excess,extra,spare,surplus
superimpose [] n.置于他物之上,重叠;添加(to place or lay over or above something)
(类)superimpose·above=insert·between 置于他物之上·在…上方=插入·在…之间
(例)she superimposed her own formula when she retold the story,
她重复故事的时候,加入了自己的解释。
supersede v,替代,取代,接替,撤换 废弃
superstition n,迷信
supine [] adj,懒散的(exhibiting indolent);仰卧的(lying on back)
(反)supine ◆ vigilant 懒散的,放松的 ◆ 警惕的
supple [] adj,柔软的,灵活的(easy and fluent without awkwardness);逢迎的,顺从的
(类)numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木的·感觉=坚硬的·柔软(缺乏关系)
(反)suppleness ◆ stiffness/rigidness 柔软 ◆ 坚硬
(同)plastic,adaptable,ductile,malleable,pliable,pliant
supplant [] v.排挤,取代(to supersede especially by force or treachery)
(类)supplant·replace=snatch·take 排挤·代替=攫取·获得(前者靠力量或阴谋达到后者)
(同)displace,usurp
supplement [] n,增补,补充(something that completes or makes an addition)
(类)supplement·additional=placebo·innoxious 补充是附加的=安慰剂是无毒的
(同)appendix,addendum
supplicate [] v,恳求,乞求(to make a humble entreaty; to ask for earnestly and humbly)
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreat 抗议·劝阻=恳求·恳求 (同义)
supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 恳求者是恳求的=风骚女子是轻浮的
(反)supplicate ◆ demand 恳求 ◆ 强求
【注:demand:to call for urgently,peremptorily,or insistently】
(同)beg,appeal,beseech,crave,entreat,plead
supposition [] n.猜想,推测(something that is supposed,hypothesis)
(反)supposition ◆ certainty 推测 ◆ 确定
(同)assumption,postulate,premise,presumption
suppress [] vt,抑制,禁止;镇压(to restrain from a usual course or action;subdue)
(反)suppress ◆ unrestrain/stimulate 抑制 ◆ 放纵/ 激励
(同)crush,annihilate,extinguish,quash,quell
supremacy n,至高无上 霸权地位,优势,最高地位
surcharge [] n,超载(an excessive load or burden)
(反)surcharge ◆ shortfall 超载 ◆ 不足
(记)charge 负荷
surfeit [] n.(食物)过量,过度(an overabundant supply:excess)
(反)surfeit ◆ deficiency/deprivation 过剩 ◆ 短缺/匮乏
surfeit ◆ famish/ starve 过饱 ◆ 饥饿
surfeit ◆ insufficient supply 供应过量 ◆ 供应不足
(同)excess,overabundance,overflow,plethora,surplus
surly adj,暴躁的,粗鲁的,敌意的;天阴沉沉的
(记)sir 先生,男士;联想:男人的脾气一般比较暴躁。
surmise [ ] n,推测,臆测,疑惑
surmount [ ] v,克服,越过,登上
surrender [] n,v,交出,放弃,投降(to yield to the power)
(反)appropriate ◆ surrender 攫取 ◆ 交出
(同)relinquish,abandon,cede,resign,yield

surreptitious [] adj,偷偷摸摸的;保密的(doing something clandestinely) (反)surreptitious ◆ barefaced/aboveboard 偷偷摸摸的 ◆ 公然的/光明正大的
(同)secret,clandestine,covert,furtive,stealthy
susceptibility n,易感性,敏感性,易受影响,易动情
(反)immunity 免疫
suspend [] vi,暂停,中止(to cause to stop temporarily);悬浮(hang)
(反)suspend ◆ erect / let fall 悬挂 ◆ 竖立/落下
invoke ◆ suspend 实行 ◆ 中止
(同)exclude,bar,bate,debar,eliminate,except
suture [] n,缝合vt,缝合(to unite,close,or secure with sutures)
(反)suture ◆ incision 缝合 ◆ 切开
avulse ◆ suture 撕脱 ◆ 缝合
svelte [] adj,(女人)体态苗条的,优雅的(slender,lithe;urbane,suave)
(反)svelte ◆ plump 苗条的 ◆ 丰满的
svelte ◆ paunchy and awkward 苗条而优雅的 ◆ 大腹便便而笨拙的
swagger [] v,大摇大摆地走,吹牛(to walk with an air of overbearing)
(类)blustering·speak=swaggering·walk 大吵大闹的·讲=大摇大摆的·走(前者夸张)
fawn·hauteur=self-depreciate·swagger 奉承者不会傲慢=自贬者不会虚夸
pontificate·speak=swagger·walk 装模作样地说·说=大摇大摆地走·走(前者夸张)
imperious·fawn=self-depreciatory·swagger 傲慢的者不会奉承=自贬者不会虚夸
swagger·bravado=caress·affection 大摇大摆·虚张声势=爱抚·爱(前者表达后者)
(同)lord,cock,peacock,pontificate,swank,swell
swear [] vi,诅咒(to use profane or obscene language:curse)
(反)accolade ◆ swearword 赞美 ◆ 咒骂
(同)curse,execrate,imprecate
sweltering [] adj,酷热的(oppressively hot)
(反)sweltering ◆ frigid 酷热的 ◆ 严寒的
(同)hot,scorching,sultry,torrid
(记)swelter 闷热 比较:sweater 大汗淋漓的人,毛衣
swerve [] v,转向,突然改变方向(to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course:deviate) (反)swerve ◆ maintain direction 转向 ◆ 保持方向
(同)depart,deviate,digress,diverge
swift adj,快速的 机警的 短暂的,突然的
swill [] v.痛饮(to drink great drafts of:guzzle)
(类)swill·sip=gobble·nibble 痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·细嚼慢咽(动作程度)
(反)swill ◆ sip 痛饮 ◆ 啜饮
(同)drink,guzzle
swindle [] vt,vi,诈骗,骗取(to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit)
(类)implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 难和解的·妥协=诚实的·诈骗(形动反义)
swindler·cheat=proselyter·convert 骗子·欺骗=改信仰者·改变信仰 (正面特征)
(同)cheat,beat,cozen,defraud
swing [] n,摇摆,秋千(something that swings freely from or on a support)
(类)oscillation·swing=momentum·scooter 振荡·秋千=动力·踏板车(推动力·推动对象)
(同)oscillate,pendulate,sway
sybarite [] n.(文语)沉于奢侈逸乐者,酒色之徒(voluptuary,sensualist)
(反)spartan ◆ sybaritic 简朴的,刻苦的 ◆ 奢侈逸乐的
sybarite ◆ ascetic 纵情逸乐之徒 ◆ 禁欲者,苦行修道者
(同)voluptuary,sensualist,hedonist
sycophant [] n.马屁精,谄媚者,奉承者(a servile self-seeking flatterer)
(类)sycophant·fawn=pundit·opine 马屁精·拍马=权威批评家·发表意见(人与其嗜好)
【注】pundit,one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner,critic
sycophantic·obsequious=pontifical·dogmatic 拍马的·奉承的=武断的·独断的(同义)
rival·competition=extortionist·intimidation=malcontent·complaint
对手·竞争=勒索者·胁迫=不满者·抱怨(正面特征)
(同)parasite,sycophant,toady
(记)谐音:塞口粪。联想:对于溜须拍马者就应该往他们嘴里塞口粪。
syllabus [] n,课程提纲(a summary outline of a discourse,treatise,or course of study)
(类)syllabus·course=agenda·meeting 教学大纲·课程=议程·会议(编排或安排关系)
(同)compendium,digest,sketch
syllogism [] n,三段论法,演绎;诡辩
(类)remonstrance·offend=syllogism·disprove 用抗议来冒犯=用三段论法来反驳
symbiosis [] n,[生]共生,合作关系(the living together in more or less intimate
association or close union of two dissimilar)
(反)symbiosis ◆ unrelated growth 共生 ◆ 无关联的生长
symmetry [] n,对称,匀称(balanced proportions)
(反)symmetry ◆ disproportion 对称 ◆ 不均衡
(同)balance,harmony,proportion
(例)we are filled with admiration of the superb symmetry of the design.
我们都被这个设计的高超的对称性折服了。
symphony [] n,交响乐,交响曲(consonance of sounds;symphony orchestra)
(类)instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet
乐器演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞(表演者与节目)
stanza·poem=movement·symphony 重复出现诗节·诗=乐章·交响乐(部分与整体)
symphony·conductor=film·director 交响乐·指挥=电影·导演(指挥前者)
exhibition·painting=concert·symphony 展览会·油画=音乐会·交响乐(展示后者)
synchronous [] adj,同时的,同步的(happening or arising at precisely the same time)
(反)synchronous ◆ noncontemporaneous 同时的 ◆ 非同时的
synchronous ◆ occurring at different times 同时代的 ◆ 发生在不同时代的
synchronous ◆ out-of-phase 同步的 ◆ 不同阶段的
(同)contemporary,coexistent,concurrent,contemporaneous,simultaneous
synergic [] adj,协作的,合作的(working together:cooperating)
(反)synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的 ◆ 敌对的
(同)cooperative,coacting,coactive,conjoint
synonymous [] a,同义的(alike in meaning or significance)
(类)synonymous·meaning=interchangeable·function
同义的·意义=可互换的·功能 (形容词及其相关对象)
(例)to runners,boston is synonymous with marathon。
synopsis [] n,摘要,概要(a condensed statement or outline:abstract)
(类)synopsis·conciseness=distillate·purity 摘要·简洁=蒸馏物·纯净(正面特征)
abbreviation·sentence=synopsis·narrative 缩写·句子=摘要·叙述
synopsis·condesnsed=appendix·supplementary 摘要·浓缩的=附录·补充
(反)synoptic ◆ protracted 概要的 ◆ 详述的
(同)abridgment,abstract,brief,condensation
synthesis [] n,综合,合成(the combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole)
(反)synthesis ◆ analysis 合成 ◆ 分解
synthesis ◆ take apart 合成 ◆ 分解,拆开
(同)harmonize,blend,integrate
tacit [] adj,心照不宣的,有默契的,暗示的(expressed or carried on without words or speech)
(类)tacit·infer=encoded·decode 心照不宣的·推断=用密码写的·解码(前者需要后者)
(反)tacit ◆ expressly stated 暗示的 ◆ 明确的表达
stipulation ◆ tacit requirement 约定 ◆ 默认的要求
tacit ◆ directly expressed/explicit 暗示的 ◆ 直接陈述的/直率的
(同)implicit,inferred,undeclared,unexpressed

taciturn [] adj,沉默寡言的(temperamentally disinclined to talk)
(类)taciturn·chatter=insufferable·tolerate=magnanimous·begrudge
沉默寡言的· 喋喋不休的谈=难以忍受的·容忍=宽宏大量的·嫉妒
(反)loquacious ◆ taciturn 多话的 ◆ 寡言的
taciturn ◆ glib/expansive/prolix/voluble 沉默寡言的 ◆ 油腔滑调的/多嘴的/罗嗦的/饶舌的
volubility ◆ taciturnity 饶舌 ◆ 沉默
windbag ◆ taciturnity 饶舌的人 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)silent,close,reserved,reticent,uncommunicative
tackle [] n,传动装置,滑车(一种工具)(an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to
gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling )vt,固定;解决(问题)
(类)bolster·support=tackle·hoist 支撑结构·支撑=滑车·升高(物品及其功能)
【注·bolster· a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support or bearing】
tact [] n,机敏,圆滑(a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations
with others or avoid offense)
(类)tact·offensive=money·poor 机敏·冒犯性的=金钱·贫穷的(避免)
(同)diplomacy,tactfulness,adroitness,acumen
tactile [] adj,有触觉的,能触知的(perceptible by touch:tangible)
(类)tactile·touch=affective·emotion 触觉的·触觉=情感的·情感(形名同义)
(同)tangible,palpable,touchable

tactless [] adj,无机智的,不老练的,不圆滑的(marked by lack of a keen sense of what to
do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense)
(类)chicanery·clever=tactlessness·truthful 狡猾·精明的=不圆滑·老实的(褒贬对比)
(反)savvy ◆ tactlessness 机智 ◆ 不老练
(同)brash,impolitic,maladroit,undiplomatic,unpolitic,untactful
tadpole [] n,蝌蚪
(类)tadpole·frog=caterpillar·butterfly 蝌蚪·青蛙=毛虫·蝴蝶(幼年与成年)
talisman [] n,护身符(an object held to avert evil and bring good fortune)
(类)talisman·object=incantation·utterance 护身符·物品=咒语·话(种属)
taint [] vt,污染,使腐败(corrupt) n,污点,感染(a moral defect considered as a spot)
(反)taint ◆ integrity / wholesomeness 污点 ◆ 完美/ 健全
tainted ◆ pristine / unspoiled / wholesome 被污染的 ◆ 纯洁的/未损坏的/健全的
tainted ◆ unadulterated 弄脏的 ◆ 没有搀杂的
(同)blur,smear,smudge,stain,tarnish
talon [] n.猛禽的锐爪(the claw of an animal and especially of a bird of prey)
(类)talon·eagle=claw·panther 猛禽的锐爪·鹰=(动物的)爪·豹

tambourine [] n.小手鼓(An instrument consisting of a small drumhead)
(类)trumpet·horn=tambourine·drum小号·号=小手鼓·鼓(种属+特征小)
tamper [] v,窜改,损害(to alter improperly)
(类)tamper·adjust=misrepresent·communicate窜改·校准=误传·传达(错误与正常)
tangent [] adj,离题的,不相关的(diverging from an original purpose of course:
irrelevant);相切的 n,切线
(反)tangent ◆ essential 不相关的 ◆ 基本的
(同)tangential
tangible [] adj,可感知的,明显的(palpable);切实的,明确的(material)
(类)incipient·realized=initial·realized=tangible·indefinite
开始的·完成的=最初的·实现的=切实的·模糊的(反义)
(反)tangible ◆ unable to perceive 可感知的 ◆ 无法感知的
(同)perceptible,appreciable,detectable,discernible,palpable,sensible
tangy [] adj,强烈的,扑鼻的(having or suggestive of a tang)
(反)tangy ◆ bland 强烈的 ◆(味道)平和的
tantalize [] v,挑惹,挑逗(to tease by presenting something desirable to the view but
continually keeping it out of reach)
(反)tantalize ◆ comfort/ console/ solace/ alleviate/ assuage/ relieve/ satiate
挑惹 ◆ 安慰,减轻,缓和,满足
(同)tease worry,annoy,beleaguer,harass,plague
tantamount [] adj,等价的,与…相等的(equivalent in value,significance,or effect)
(反)tantamount ◆ incommensurate 等价 ◆ 不相称的
(同)same,duplicate,equivalent,identical?
(例)Your ignoring their pathetic condition is tantamount to the murder.
tantrum [] n,勃然大怒,发脾气(a fit of bad temper)
(反)tantrum ◆ pacify 发脾气 ◆ 使平静
(记)谐音“太蠢”→爱发怒的人都太蠢
taper [] vi,vt.(使)逐渐变细,(使)逐渐减少(progressively narrowed toward one end)
(类)abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽
(同)decrease,abate,close,dwindle,lessen
tapestry [] n,挂毯(a heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗配合·对比=工艺品·精致(正面特征)
tardy [] adj,缓慢的,迟缓的(moving slowly,sluggish)
(类)guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡猾·天真=迟缓的·迅速 (反义)
(同)lated,overdue,unpunctual
tarnish [] n,v,失去光泽,晦暗(to dull or destroy the luster of by or as if by air,dust,or dirt)
(类)silver·tarnish=iron·rust 银·失去光泽=铁·生锈 (物品及其化学性质)
tarnish·dull=vitrify·smooth 晦暗·阴暗的=玻璃化·光滑的 (动作及其结果)
(同)soil,stain dull,fade,pale
tarpaulin [] n,油布雨衣
(类)lint·covering=tarpaulin·garment软麻布· 遮盖物=油布雨衣·衣服 (种属)
tarpaulin·covering=raincoat·garment 防水油布·遮盖物 = 雨衣·衣服 (种属)
tasty [] adj,十分吸引人的(strikingly attractive or interesting)
(反)tasty ◆ uninteresting 吸引人的 ◆ 无趣的
(同)palatable,appetizing,good-tasting,relishing,tasteful
tatty [] adj,破旧的,褴褛的(rather worn,frayed,or dilapidated·shabby)
(反)tatty ◆ smart 褴褛的 ◆ 漂亮的
(同)cheap,base,common,paltry,rubbishy,shoddy
(记)源自 tat:一块破布,穿着破烂的人
taunt [] v,嘲笑,讥笑(to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner:jeer at)
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 轻视·忽视=嘲笑·怀疑(前者表达后者)
taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 嘲弄·挑拨=密谋·以智取胜(同义)
(同)ridicule,deride,lout,mock,scout
taut [] adj.(绳子)拉紧的(tightly drawn)整洁的,紧张的
(类)slacken·tautness=dilute·strength 松弛·紧张度=稀释·浓度(消弱关系)
taut·commodious=extraordinary·purlieu
紧张的·便利的=不寻常的·常去的地方(反面特征)
(反)tauten ◆ loosen/slacken 拉紧 ◆ 松弛
taut ◆ lax/loose or unfirm/slack 紧张的 ◆ 松弛的
(同)tight,close,tense
list 34 tawdry -------truce
tawdry [] adj,俗丽的,非常华丽的(cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality; ignoble)
(反)tawdry ◆ exquisite 俗丽的 ◆ 高雅的
(同)gaudy,blatant,brazen,garish,glaring,meretricious
taxing [] adj,繁重的,费力的(onerous,wearing)
(反)taxing ◆ light 繁重的 ◆ 轻快的
taxing ◆ easy 费力的 ◆ 容易的
(同)onerous,burdensome,demanding,grievous,tough
taxonomist [] n.分类学家
(类)taxonomist·classify=carpenter·build 分类学家·分类=木匠·建筑
tear [] vi,流泪;撕破;猛冲,狂奔(to move or act with violence,haste,or force)
(反)tear ◆ stabilize 猛冲 ◆ 稳定(干扰:dawdle / insert)(争议极大无定论)
(同)rush,boil,dash,lash,race,shoot
tedious [] adj,沉闷的,冗长乏味的(tiresome because of length or dullness:boring)
(类)tedious·energy=disturbing·composure 乏味的·活力=烦扰的·沉着(名形反义)
discompose·pacific=engage·tedious 使不安·平静的=使忙碌·单调乏味的(消除)
(反)tedious ◆ entertaining 沉闷的 ◆ 愉快的
tedious ◆ absorbing /stimulating 乏味的 ◆ 吸引人的/刺激的
(同)irksome,boresome,boring,drudging,tiresome
teeter [] vi,摇摆,摇摇欲坠(to move unsteadily:wobble)
(反)teeter ◆ stabilize 摇摆不定 ◆ 使…稳固
(同)falter,lurch,stagger,stammer,stumble
(记)联想黑人的踢踏舞→摇摇摆摆
teetotalism n,禁酒(the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks)
(反)teetotalism ◆ intemperance 禁酒 ◆ 饮酒过度
telling [] adj,有效的,显著的(effective,expressive)
(反)telling ◆ not effective 有效的 ◆ 无效的
(同)valid,cogent,convincing,sound
temerity [] n.鲁莽,大胆(boldness; nerve)
(反)temerity ◆ circumspection/cautious approach 鲁莽 ◆ 谨慎/谨慎处理
temerity ◆ pusillanimity 大胆 ◆ 胆怯
(同)rashness,recklessness,assurance,audacity,brashness,nerve
(记)谐音“太猛”→鲁莽
temporize [] v,调停;见风驶舵(to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to
gain time dominant opinion)
(反)temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 调停 ◆ 不愿意妥协
(例)you'd have to temporize until you found out how she wanted to be advised.
(记)tempor(= time)联想:根据时间行事→见机行事→见风使舵
temperate [] adj,适度的,有节制的(marked by moderation)
(类)temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 节制的·节制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义)
(反)harangue ◆ speak temperately 长篇大论 ◆ 适度的发言
temperate ◆ extreme 适度的 ◆ 极端地
temperate ◆ frivolous 节制的 ◆ 轻佻的
(同)conservative,discreet,moderate,restrained,unextreme
(记)temper v,使温和,调和 n,脾气,性情; 注意区分:temper调和 与tempor 时间
tempestuous [] adj,暴风雨的,暴乱的(of,relating to,or resembling a tempest)
(反)tempestuous ◆ serene 暴乱的 ◆ 平静的
(同)stormy,turbulent,wild,blustering,raging
(记)tempest(暴风雨)
tenable [] adj,站得住脚的,无懈可击的(capable of being held or defended;reasonable)
(类)ineluctable/inevitable·avoid=untenable·defend
不可避免的·避免=无法防守的·防卫(形动反义)
(反)tenable ◆ unjustified/unsound 无懈可击的 ◆ 不合理的
tenable ◆ specious/indefensible/fallacious
站得住脚的 ◆ 似是而非的/站不住脚的/谬误的
(同)defendable,defensible
(记)ten(to hold 保持住)+able→能够坚持住的→站得住脚的
tenacious [] adj,顽强的,固执的(persistent in maintaining something valued or habitual)
(类)beneficent·harm=tenacious·yield=insouciant·worry
有益的·伤害=顽强的·屈服=无忧无虑的·担忧(反面行为)
temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 节制的·节制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义)
(反)tenacious ◆ negotiable 固执的 ◆ 可商量的
tenacity ◆ vacillation 坚韧 ◆ 踌躇
(同)strong,stalwart,stout,sturdy,tough
(记)ten(to hold 保持住)+acious→坚持住的→顽强的
tendentious [] adj,有偏见的,有倾向的(marked by a tendency in favor of a
particular point of view:biased)
(反)tendentious ◆ unbiased/unprejudiced 有偏见的 ◆ 公平的/没有偏见的
(同)biased,colored,jaundiced,partial,prejudiced
tender [ ] adj,纤弱的;v,正式提出(to offer formally)
(反)tender ◆ withdraw 提出 ◆ 收回,撤回
【注:干扰选项是withhold。withhold:to refrain from granting,giving,or allowing 不批准,不给,
不允许。注意这里的不给容易给大家造成误解。认为不给与提交构成反义。实际上,这里的不给表示一种态度,如:我不给他我的作业。而提交表示一种动作和行为。其反义应为撤回,收回:retract】
tenor [] n,要旨,大意;男高音
(例)the tenor of his speech他演讲的大意
tenuous [] adj,纤弱的(slender)内容贫乏的
(反)substantial 坚固的,实质的
(记)tenu(薄,细)参考:attenuate削弱;extenuate减轻
tenure [ ] n,占有,终身职位
(记)谐音:太牛。联想:这人太牛了所以获得了一个终身职位。
tentative [ ] adj,试验性的,暂时的 迟疑不决的(provisional; experimental)
(例)Your tentative plans sound plausible; let me know when the final details are worked out.
tepid [] adj,微温的,温热的,不太热心的(moderately warm,lukewarm)
(反)tepid ◆ ardent/ebullient/feverish 不太热心的 ◆ 热心的/热心的/狂热的
(同)halfhearted,lukewarm,unenthusiastic
terminology n,术语(the special terms used in a business,art,science,or special subject)
(类)terminology·language=uniform·clothing 术语·语言=制服·服装(种属)
(记)term本身是一个词:术语
terminus [] n,终点,界标,终点站(The final point;the end)
(类)inception·termination=matriculation·graduation 起初·结束=入学·毕业(时间前后)
terminus·trip=epilogue·story 终点·旅程=尾声·故事
(反)outset ◆ termination 开端 ◆ 终止
sustain ◆ terminate 持续 ◆ 结束
(同)end,cease,cessation,conclusion,termination
(记)term 学期;期间;参考:terminal n.终点站,终端adj.末期,每期的
terror [] n,恐怖,可怕的人(a state of intense fear)
(类)apprehension·terror=affection·adoration 忧虑·恐惧=喜爱·崇拜(程度)
terror·fear=craving·desire 恐惧·害怕=渴望· 希望(程度)
(同)fear,alarm,dread,trepidation,trepidity 参考:terrorist 恐怖分子
terse [] adj.简洁的,简明的(devoid of superfluity ; also· short,brusque)
(反)terse ◆ lengthy 简短的 ◆ 冗长的
(同)concise,compendious,curt,laconic,succinct,summary
testator [] n,立遗嘱之人(a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force)
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 传家宝·祖先=遗赠·立遗嘱之人(物品及其来源)
testimony [] n,证词,声明 (a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under
oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public official)
(类)calumny·assertion=perjury·testimony 诽谤·断言=伪证·证言(褒贬类比)贬与一般
calumny·representation=perjury·testimony 中伤·陈述 =伪证·证词(种属)
testimonial·appreciation=confession·culpability 推荐信表达欣赏=招供表达有罪
(同)attestation,confirmation,proof,testimonial,witness
testy [] adj,易努的,暴躁的,性急的(easily annoyed:irritable)
(类)testy·annoy=tractable·control 易努的容易被惹恼=易于管教的容易被控制
testy·annoy=【干扰:hesitate·balk】恼怒的容易被惹恼=【犹豫·犹豫不决:同义】
(反)testy ◆ affable 暴躁的 ◆ 和蔼可亲的
testy ◆ good humor/humorous 易怒的 ◆ 好脾气的
testy ◆ unable to irritate 易怒的 ◆ 不能激怒的
【注:testy:marked by impatience or ill humor】
testiness ◆ imperturbability/ patience 暴躁 ◆ 冷静/忍耐
(记)test 考试 联想:考试的时候人们心情容易暴躁
tether [] vt.(用绳,铁链)拴系,限定,束缚(to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether)
(反)tether ◆ detach/tear 拴系 ◆ 分开/撕裂
tether ◆ loose 束缚 ◆ 放任
thaw [ ] v,融化,解冻
(记)谐音“太好”;联想:这个人心肠太好了,再坏的心肠也会被他融化。
theocracy [] n.神权政治,神政,神权国家
(类)anathema·curse=theocracy·state 神的诅咒·诅咒=神权国家·国家
theatrical [] adj,1,矫揉造作的2,夸张的
(Marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior; affectedly dramatic)
【注】从英文解释中看出theatrical的两层意思:一种是夸张的自我展示;一种是虚假做作的所以反义为:natural (自然不做作)对应“虚假做作的”
understated/ reserved/ restraint(克制的)对应“夸张的”
understated ﹥restraint(克制)后者词性不符。
professional:错误
theology [] n.神学,宗教(the study of religious faith,practice,and experience)
(类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology =observatory·astronomy
音乐学校·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学(学科及其研究场所)
diary·biographer=scripture·theologian日记·传记作家=经文·神学家(研究对象)
(记)theo(神)+ ology(学科)=神学
therapeutic [] adj,治疗的,治疗学的(of or relating to the treatment of disease or
disorders by remedial agents or methods)
(类)therapeutic·hospital=illuminating·school 治疗的·医院=启蒙的·学校(场所及其特征)
(记)therap(护士) 参考:therapia n,疗法,治疗
thorny [] adj,多刺的,棘手的,困难多的(full of thorns;full of difficulties or controversial points)
(反)thorny ◆ smooth 多刺的,困难多的 ◆ 平滑的,安详的
(同)nettlesome,prickly,spiny,ticklish
threadbare [] adj,磨破的,陈腐的(exhausted of interest or freshness)
(类)threadbare/timeworn·novelty=labyrinthine·directness
陈腐的/陈旧的·新奇=曲折的·直接 (形名反义)
(同)shabby,dilapidated,dingy,faded,tattered

throng [] vi,群集,拥挤(to crowd together in great numbers)
(类)protract·length=throng·number 延长·长度=群集·数目(动作及其作用对象)
(同)crowd,crush,multitude,press,squash
thwart [] v,阻挠,使…受挫(to oppose successfully:defeat the hopes or aspirations of)
(类)oppose·thwart=treat·cure 反对·阻挠=治疗·治愈 (同义)
(反)thwart ◆ support /aid/bolster 阻挠 ◆ 支持
thwart ◆ abet/foment/foster/facilitate 阻挠 ◆ 煽动/煽动/鼓励/帮助
thwart ◆ aid effectively 阻碍 ◆ 有效帮助
(同)frustrate,baffle,circumvent,foil,ruin
(记)观察中间的war 联想:对于战争人人都应该阻挠
ticklish [] adj,易怒的,易变的,不稳定的(easily offended or upset;touchy,oversensitive)
(类)pliant·influence=ticklish·offend 依从的·影响=易怒的·冒犯(正面特征)
【干扰:censorious·condemn 正面主动非被动】
(反)ticklish ◆ imperturbable 不稳定的 ◆ 镇静的
(同)delicate,precarious,sensitive,touchy,tricky
(记)tickle 瘙痒 联想:心里总发痒的→易变的,情绪不稳的
tidy [ ] adj,整洁的 有条理,精确的
tiff [] n,v,小争吵,生气(a petty quarrel)
(类)tiff·squabble=foible·failing 小争吵·争吵=小缺点· 缺点(程度)
offense·peccadillo=quarrel·tiff 冒犯·小过失=吵架·小争吵
(同)quarrel,altercation,dispute,spat,squabble
tightfisted [] adj,吝啬的(reluctant to part with money)
(类)tightfisted·parsimonious=brattish·mischievous
吝啬的·小气的=小孩被惯坏的·淘气的(同义)
(同)stingy,miserly,niggardly,parsimonious,penurious
(记)tight 紧的+fist 拳头→紧握拳头的→吝啬的
timeworn [] adj,陈旧的,老朽的(hackneyed,stale)
(类)threadbare/timeworn·novelty=labyrinthine·directness
陈腐的/陈旧的·新奇=曲折的·直接(形名反义)
(反)timeworn ◆ novel 陈旧的 ◆ 新奇的
(同)ancient,antediluvian,antique,hoary
timid [] adj,胆小的,羞怯的(lacking in courage or self-confidence)
(类)self-confident·timid=open·shy 自信的·羞怯的=开朗的·害羞的 (反义)
(反)timid ◆ stalwart 胆怯的;羞怯的 ◆ 健壮的,坚定的
(同)shy,bashful,coy,demure,diffident

timorous [] adj,胆小的,胆怯的(of a timid disposition·fearful)
(反)timorous ◆ intrepid / scrappy/ stalwart 胆怯的 ◆ 无畏的/好斗的/勇敢的
(同)timid,timorsome,undaring
tinge [] vt,微染,使带气息(to color with a slight shade or stain·tint)
(反)tinged ◆ colorless 淡色的 ◆ 无色的
tinker [] n,修补匠 v,拙劣地修补,胡乱地调整(to repair,adjust,or work with something in an
unskilled or experimental manner:fiddle)
(类)tinker·adjust=scribble·write 胡乱地调整·调整=潦草地写·写(非正常和正常)
(同)iddle,doodle,mess,puddle
(记)tin 锡+ker 联想:补锅的漏洞一般要用锡→修补
tint [] n,色彩,浅色 v,染色(to impart or apply a tint to:color)
(类)tint·suffuse=damp·quench 染色·染遍=打湿:浸湿(程度)
(同)color,hue,shade,tinge,tone
tirade [] n,长篇攻击性的演说(a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate,
vituperative or harshly censorious language)
(类)anger·tirade=exaggeration·hyperbole
愤怒· 长篇攻击性的演说=夸张·夸张法(后者表达前者)
tirade· anger =burlesque· mockery
长篇攻击性演讲·气愤=讽刺滑稽的戏剧·嘲弄(前者表达后者)
(反)tirade ◆ dispassionate speech 长篇攻击性的演说 ◆ 毫无激情的演讲
(同)diatribe,harangue
(记)tirade来自tyrant 暴君 联想:讨伐暴君时要进行长篇攻击性的演说
toady [] n,谄媚者,拍马屁的人(one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors·sycophant)
(类)recluse·solitude=toady·favor 寂寞者·孤独=谄媚者·好感 (正面特征)
(同)sycophant,toad
(记)toad 癞蛤蟆→癞蛤蟆一样的人→拍马屁者
toil [] n,辛苦,苦工
tonic [] adj,激励的,滋补的 n,增进健康之物,补品(increasing or restoring physical or
mental tone:refreshing)
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invigorate/stimulate=anagelsic·deaden
促进的·激励=激励的·鼓舞=麻痹的·消弱(感觉)(形动同义)
(反)tonic ◆ enfeebling 滋补的 ◆ 衰弱的
tonic ◆ draining 增进健康之物 ◆ 气力耗尽
(同)invigorating,animating,exhilarative,stimulative
tong [] n,钳子;堂,帮会
(类)tongs·grasping= reel· winding 钳子·抓取=卷轴·旋转(工具及其作用)
(记)这是一个来自汉语的词 tong 读音tang 堂;帮会组织的名称另外,谐音:烫 联想:用作刑具的钳子烧红了很烫
tonsorial [] adj,理发师的,理发的(of or relating to a barber or the work of a barber)
(类)tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发师的·头发=裁缝的·服装(人及其工作对象)
topsy-turvy [] adj,混乱的,颠倒的(being in utter confusion or disorder)
(反)topsy-turvy ◆ tranquil 混乱的 ◆ 安静的
topsoil [] n.表层土(surface soil usually including the organic layer)
(类)topsoil·erode=paint·peel 表层土·侵蚀=油漆·剥落
(记)top+soil →最高一层的土→表层土
tornado [] n,旋风,龙卷风(a violent windstorm:whirlwind)
(类)tornado·air=whirlpool·water 旋风·空气=漩涡·水
torque [] n,扭矩,转矩(force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion)
(类)torque·rotation=tension·elongation 转矩·旋转=拉力·延长(力的作用效果)
torpid [] adj,迟钝的,缺乏兴趣的(lacking in energy or vigor · apathetic,dull)
(反)torpid ◆ responsive 迟钝的 ◆ 易感应的
torpid ◆ ardent/ ebullient 缺乏兴趣的 ◆ 热情洋溢的/热情的
(同)lethargic,sluggish,slumberous,stupid
(记)torp 僵硬 参考:torpor 麻木
torpor [] n,麻木,无感觉,不活泼(lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy)
(类)torpor·iciness 麻木·冰冷(程度)
(反)torpor ◆ alertness /ardor/zeal 麻木 ◆ 机敏/热心/热情
torpor ◆ animation/ebullience 不活泼 ◆ 活泼/热情洋溢
torpor ◆ extreme excitability 麻木不仁 ◆ 极端兴奋
(同)lethargy,coma,dullness,languor,lassitude torpidity
torrid [] adj,酷热的(giving off intense heat·scorching)
(反)torrid ◆ arctic 酷热的 ◆ 极寒的
torridness ◆ frigidity 酷热 ◆ 寒冷
(同)scalding,scorching,sizzling,sweltering
torrential [] adj,急流的,猛烈的(caused by or resulting from action of rapid streams)
(反)torrential ◆ trickling 急流的 ◆ 缓流的
tortuous [] adj.委婉的 ;曲折的(marked by devious or indirect tactics,crooked,tricky)
(反)tortuous ◆ direct/straightforward 转弯抹角的 ◆ 直接的
(记)谐音:沱沱河(长江的源头)→沱沱河是弯弯曲曲的
tourniquet [] n,止血绷带(a device to check bleeding or blood flow)
(类)tourniquet·bleeding=brake·motion= dam·river
止血绷带·出血=刹车·移动=水坝·江河
tourniquet·bleeding=moratorium·activity 止血绷带·出血=暂停·行动
(记)tourn(= to turn 转向)+iquet(=quiet安静)→转向安静→止血
tout [] v.极力赞扬(to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly)
(反)tout ◆ cast aspersions on/ denounce 极力赞扬 ◆ 诽谤/公开谴责
(例)it was touted as the world's most modern shopping center,
它被吹捧为世界上最现代化的购物中心。
(记)区别:taut 拉紧的
toy [] vi,草率不认真地对待(to treat something casually or without seriousness:trifle)
(反)toy ◆ think over seriously 草率不认真地对待 ◆ 深思熟虑地对待
(例)the writer toyed with the idea of writing a play.
这位作家草率地对待创作一个剧本的思想。
(记)toy 玩具 联想:象玩具一样对待
tractable [] adj,易驾驭的,易管教的,温顺的(obedient,amenable,docile,pliant)
(类)complaisance·intractable=adeptness·maladroit 柔顺·倔强的=老练·笨拙的
subtle·overlook=tractable·lead 难以觉察的·忽视=易驾驭的·领导(容易被)
【注:subtle:difficult to understand or perceive】
testy·annoy=tractable·control 重复易怒的·使苦恼=温顺的·控制(容易发生的)
credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的·欺骗 = 易驾驭的·控制 (容易)
(反)tractable ◆ insubordinate / intransigent / obstinate / balky / pertinacious/ headstrong
易驾驭的 ◆ 不顺从的 / 不妥协的 / 倔强的 / 倔强的 / 固执的 / 不听命令的
tractability ◆ incorrigibility 温驯 ◆ 难以矫正
(记)tract 拉→能够拉得住的→易驾驭的
tranquility n,宁静(the quality or state free from disturbance or turmoil)
(反)tranquility ◆ ferment / pandemonium 宁静 ◆ 动乱 / 喧嚣
transcend [] vt,超越,胜过(to rise above or go beyond the limits of,to triumph over
the negative or restrictive aspects of·overcome)
(反)ossify ◆ transcend conventions 僵化 ◆ 超越传统
(同)surpass,better,exceed,outshine,outstrip
transfigure [] vt,改观,美化(to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual appearance
to·transform outwardly and usually for the better)
(类)transfigure·aspect=transfer·location 改观·外表=转移·位置
(同)transform,commute,convert,metamorphose
(记)trans 改变+ figure 外形→改观,美化
transgress [] vt,违反,犯罪,越规(to go beyond limits set or prescribed by·violate)
(类)rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse 正直·越规=锋利的·钝的(反义)
transgression·morality=presumption·propriety 犯罪·道德=专横·礼貌(违反)
trespass·boundary=betray·trust=astray·path=transgress·rules
侵入·边界=背叛·信任=迷路·道路=违反·规则(动宾关系)
(反)transgress ◆ obey 违反 ◆ 遵守
(同)violate,breach,contravene,infringe,offend
transient [] adj,短暂的,瞬时的(transitory)
(类)opportune·convenience=impermanent·transience
适宜的·方便·暂时的·短暂(形名同义)
convoluted·complexity=ephemeral·transience=transient·evanescence
错综复杂的·复杂性=短暂的·短暂=短暂的:瞬息(形名同义)
transient·vanish=constant· perpetuate 短暂的容易消失=不变的容易永存
(反)transience ◆ permanence 短暂 ◆ 持久
transient ◆ eternal / lasting/permanent/ persistent 短暂的 ◆ 永久的
transient ◆ protracted 短暂的 ◆ 拖延的
transient ◆ rooted 瞬时的 ◆ 根深蒂固的(观念、原则等)
(同)ephemeral,evanescent,fleeting,impermanent,transitory,volatile
transitory [] adj,短暂的(tending to pass away:not persistent)
(类)transitory·endure=immutable·change 短暂的·耐久=不变的·变化 (反义)
achromatic·hue=transitory·permanence 非彩色的·色彩=短暂的·永久(形名反义)
(反)transitory ◆ permanence/ perpetual 短暂的 ◆ 永久的
transitory ◆ enduring /persistent 短暂的 ◆ 持久的
(同)ransient,ephemeral,fleeting,impermanent,momentary,volatile
translucent [] adj,半透明的,透明的(permitting the passage of light:clear,transparent)
(类)slack·tension=opaque·translucence 松弛·紧张=不透明·透明(反义)
(反)translucent ◆ impervious of light 透明的 ◆ 不透光的
translucence ◆ opacity 半透明 ◆ 不透明
(同)transparent,clear,limpid,pellucid,see-through
transparent [] adj,透明的,明显的(obvious);坦率的(free from pretense or deceit)
(类)conspicuous·see=transparent·understand 显眼的·看见=显而易见的·理解(容易)
(反)opacity ◆ transparency 不透明 ◆ 透明
transparent ◆ deceitful/ delusive 坦率的 ◆ 欺骗
transparent ◆ opaque 透明的 ◆ 不透明的
(同)clear,limpid,pellucid,translucent
trauma [ ] n,外伤,损伤
(例)a trauma center;a trauma team,外伤治疗中心;外伤治疗小组
(记)谐音:抽马。联想:抽马过度造成损伤。
travail [] n,vi,辛苦劳动(work especially of a painful or laborious nature · toil)
(反)laze ◆ travail 懒散 ◆ 辛苦劳动
(同)work,bullwork,drudgery,grind,slavery,toil
traverse [] vt,横越,经过(to go or travel across or over)
(类)diverge·apart=traverse·across 分叉·分开地=横越·横过(动副同义)
(同)travel,cover,pass (over),track
travesty [] n,拙劣地、歪曲的模仿(a debased,distorted,or grossly inferior imitation)
(反)travesty ◆ paragon 拙劣地,歪曲地模仿 ◆ 优秀的,完美的模范
(同)caricature,burlesque,parody,take off
treacherous [] adj,背叛的(characterized by or manifesting treachery:perfidious)
(反)treacherousness ◆ faithfulness 背叛 ◆ 忠诚
(同)faithless,disloyal,false,perfidious,recreant,traitorous
treasurer [] n,财务员,出纳员
(类)treasurer·funds=secretary·records 财务员·资金=秘书·记录 (职务及其管理对象)
treaty [] n,条约,谈判(an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation)
(类)rectify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 矫正·条约=确认·假说(动宾关系)

trenchant [] adj,一针见血的;锐利的(keen,incisive; sharp)
(反)trenchant ◆ vague/dull 一针见血的 ◆ 含糊的/钝的
(同)incisive,biting,clear-cut,penetrating
(记)trench壕沟+ant→连壕沟里的蚂蚁都能看到→一针见血的
trepidation [] n,恐惧,战栗(timorous uncertain agitation:apprehension)
(类)dauntless·trepidation=footloose·attachment 大胆的不恐惧=自由自在的不固定
(反)dauntless ◆ trepid 大胆的 ◆ 惊恐的
trepidation ◆ sober 战栗 ◆ 镇定
(同)fear,alarm,consternation,dismay,trepidity
trespass [] vi,侵入 vt.冒犯,违反(violate)
(类)usurp·take=trespass·enter 霸占·获得=侵入·进入(非法与正常)
trespass·boundary=transgress·rule 侵入·边界=违反·规则 (动宾关系)
(反)trespass ◆ without to intrude 侵犯 ◆ 不侵犯
trespass ◆ obey 违反 ◆ 遵从
(同)encroach,entrench,infringe,invade
tribute [] n.贡物;颂词(a gift,payment,declaration)
(反)tribute ◆ denunciation/ reprobation 颂词 ◆ 谴责/ 斥责
(同)encomium,citation,eulogy,panegyric,salutation despot?
trickle [] v.一滴滴地流,徐徐地流(to issue or fall in drops)
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 大风·小气流=喷涌·滴流(名词程度)
trickle·gush=warm·sear 滴流·喷涌=弄热·烧焦(程度)
(同)drip,distill,dribble,drop,trill,weep
trite [] adj,陈腐的,陈词滥调的(hackneyed or boring from much use·not fresh or original)
(反)trite ◆ fresh/original/unbanal/unhackneyed 陈腐的 ◆ 新鲜的/创新的/不陈腐的/未陈旧的
(同)bathetic,cliche,commonplace,hackneyed,shopworn,threadbare,timeworn
trivial [] adj,不值钱的,微不足道的;平凡的,平常的(commonplace,ordinary)
(反)trivial ◆ indispensable/substantive 微不足道的 ◆ 不可缺少的/有实质的
trivial ◆ grandiose/massive 平常的 ◆ 宏伟的
(同)petty,inconsequential,measly,paltry,puny,trifling
troupe [] n,剧团(a company or group,especially of touring actors,singers,or dancers)
(类)troupe·perform=chorus·sing 剧团·表演=合唱团·演唱(团体及其特征行为)
orchestra·music=·troupe·drama 管弦乐队·音乐=剧团·戏剧
(记)来自troop 团队
trophy [] n.奖品,战利品(something gained in victory)
(类)trophy·contestant=honors·student 奖品·竞争者=荣誉·学生(后者追求前者)
athlete·trophy=soldier·medal 运动员·奖品=战士·奖章
(同)remembrance,memento,memorial,relic,reminder,token
trove [ ] n,被发现的东西,收藏的东西
(例)He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain,他收集了一批中国瓷器。
truant [] adj,逃避责任的(shirking responsibility)n,逃学者,逃避者
(反)truant ◆ dutiful 玩忽职守的 ◆ 尽职尽责的
truce [] n,休战,休战协定(a suspension of or an agreement for suspending hostilities)
(反)truce ◆ resumed fighting 休战 ◆ 重新发起战争
(同)armistice,cease-fire,break,respite,reconciliation
(例)the high command ordered a truce for the holidays,最高司令部为假期订立了休战协定。
list 35 truculent --------verve
truculent [] adj,残暴的,凶狠的(cruel,savage);好战的(aggressively self-assertive)
(类)truculent·gentleness=unregenerate·remorse 残暴的不温顺=顽固的不自责
【注:unregenerate:making no attempt to change one's bad practices 不思改过】
【注:remorse,a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs 自责】
(反)truculent ◆ genial/gentle/meek 凶狠的,好战的 ◆ 温和的
truculent ◆ pacific/ placid 好战的 ◆ 和平的/平和的
truculence ◆ benevolence/kindness 野蛮 ◆ 仁慈
truculence ◆ tranquility 好战 ◆ 宁静
(同)belligerent,fierce,barbarous,cruel,fell,ferocious,inhumane
(记)truc=truck 卡车 联想:卡车在路上横冲直撞非常凶狠的样子
trudge [] vt,跋涉,吃力地走(to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously)
(类)lug·carry=trudge·walk 拖拉·运送=跋涉·走(前者吃力)
(同)plod,plodge,slop,stodge,toil 比较:drudge 苦工 dredge 挖泥船
trumpet [] n,喇叭,小号(a wind instrument consisting of a conical or cylindrical usually
metal tube,a cup-shaped mouthpiece,and a flared bell)
(类)trumpet·horn=tambourine·drum 小号·喇叭=小手鼓·鼓(种属)
(记)比较:triumph胜利 联想:吹起胜利的号角
truncate [] v,截短(to shorten by or as if by cutting off)
(类)truncate·extent=simplify·complexity 截短·长度=简化·复杂性(行为对象)
(反)prolong ◆ truncate 延长 ◆ 截短
(同)top,crop,detruncate,pollard
(记)trunc=trunk 树干 联想:树干太长需要截断
twig [] n.小枝,嫩枝(a small shoot)v.理解
(类)twig·limb=brook·river 小枝·大枝=小溪·江河(大小)
truss [] n,构架,托架(a rigid framework,as of wooden beams or metal bars,designed to
support a structure,such as a roof)
(类)ballast·stability=truss·support 压舱物·稳定性=托架·支持(物品作用)
tugboat [] n,拖船(a strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing)
(类)locomotive·flatcar=tugboat·barge 火车头·平台车=拖船·驳船 (前者拖动后者)
【注:barge,a roomy usually flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of goods on
inland waterways and usually propelled by towing 靠拖动的驳船 tow:拖】?
tumult [] n.骚动,暴动,吵闹(commotion)情绪激动(agitation of the mind or emotions)
(类)tumultuous·bedlam=active·hive 骚动的·混乱场所=活跃的·闹市(正面特征)
(反)tumult ◆ quietude/ quiescence/ serenity/ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 安静
tumultuous ◆ serene 喧嚣的 ◆ 平静的
(同)commotion,clamor,hassle,hubbub,turmoil,uproar
(记)tu 谐音:土 mult =multi多→ 土人很多→骚动,吵闹
turbid [] adj.混浊的,脏的,混乱的
(反)limpid 清澈的
turbulent [] adj,骚动的,狂暴的(causing unrest,violence,or disturbance)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 漩涡·狂暴的=海市蜃楼·幻影的(正面特征)
(同)boisterous,disorderly,rambunctious,raucous,tumultuous,unruly
(记)turb 搅动 参考:perturb 感到不安turbid 混浊的
turgid [] adj,浮肿的,浮夸的(excessively embellished in style or language)
(反)turgid ◆ simple 浮夸的 ◆ 简朴的
(同)bombastic,pompous,inflated,flatulent,overblown,tumid,windy
(记)谐音:特级的 联想:认为自己的东西是特级的→浮夸的
turmoil [] n,骚动,混乱(a state or condition of extreme confusion,agitation,or commotion)
(反)turmoil ◆ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 安静
(同 commotion,agitation,confusion,flap,tumult,turbulence
(记)turm=turn 转变+oil 油→变成油 联想:水变油的新闻使媒体一阵骚乱
turncoat [] n,背叛者,变节者(one who switches to an opposing side or party;
specifically,traitor)
(类)bigot·tolerance=turncoat·constancy=recluse·compassion simpleton·sagacity
狭隘者·容忍=背叛者·坚定不移=遁世者·同情笨蛋·睿智(反面特征)
(反)constancy ◆ turncoat 坚定不移 ◆ 背叛者
turpitude[] n,奸恶,卑鄙(inherent baseness:depravity; a base act)
(反)turpitude ◆ probity 卑鄙 ◆ 正直
turpitude ◆ saintly behavior 卑鄙的行为 ◆ 圣洁的行为
(记)谐音:特批土地。联想:一些官员利用职权特批土地,行为真的很卑鄙
turquoise [] n,绿宝石(a mineral that is a blue,bluish green,or greenish gray)
(类)gem·turquoise=flower·violet 宝石· 绿宝石=花·紫罗兰(种属)
turret [] n,小塔,塔楼,炮塔(an ornamental structure at an angle of a larger structure)
(类)castle·turret=sea·beacon 城堡·塔楼=海洋·灯塔 (建筑物及其所属)
(记)turr=tower+et表示小的后缀→小塔
typo [] n,打字错误(an error in typed or typeset material)
(类)typo·text=bug·software 打字错误·文本=程序错误·软件(错误及其发生对象)
tyranny [] n,暴政(oppression; cruel government)
(例)Frederick Douglass fought against the tyranny of slavery throughout his entire life.
tyro [] n.新手,业余爱好者(a beginner in learning:novice)
(反)tyro ◆ expert 新手 ◆ 专家
(同)amateur,dabbler,dilettante,novice,apprentice,neophyte,rookie
ubiquitous [] adj.无所不在的,普通的(being everywhere at the same time)
(反)ubiquitous ◆ unique 普遍的 ◆ 唯一的
(同)omnipresent,allover,universal,widespread
unanimous [ ] adj,全体一致的,无异议的
unassailable [] adj,无可争辩的,无法否认的(Impossible to dispute or disprove)
(类)unassailable·refute=impervious·damage 无可辩驳不能驳斥=不会受损是不会受损伤
【注:非难以关系,而是不能关系,语气更加强硬】
(例)unassailable truths,不争的事实
umbrage [ ] n,不快,阴影(resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult)
(例)She took umbrage at his remarks and stormed away in a huff.
uncanny [] adj,离奇的,奇异的(seeming to have a supernatural character or origin)
(反)uncanny ◆ ordinary 离奇的 ◆ 普通的
(同)mysterious,weird,eerie,spooky,unearthly
(记)注意与canny 精明的,谨慎的没有任何关系。Canny的can理解成“能” 能干的,精明的
uncanny的can 谐音为“看”→不能看出来的→离奇的
uncouth [] adj,笨拙的,粗俗的(awkward in appearance,manner,or behavior)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver
粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家(正面特征)
(反)seemly ◆ uncouth 得体的 ◆ 粗俗的
【注】seemly,conventionally proper,decorous
(同)coarse,crass,crude,inelegant,raw,rough,vulgar
(记)un+couth 谐音:酷死=酷毙→并非酷毙→笨拙,粗俗
unctuous [] adj,油质的(fatty,oily);假装热心的(marked by a false earnestness)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous 安慰剂·无害的=药膏·油质的(正面特征)
sanctimonious·devoted=unctuous·earnest 假装虔诚的·虔诚的=假装热心的·热心的
(同)fulsome,oily,soapy,unctuous
(记)unct (油膏)+uous→油质的 参考:unction 油膏,安慰物
undergird [] v,加强,巩固…的底部
(反)undermine 削弱,破坏
(记)gird束缚 参考:girder大梁
underlying adj,在下面的,底层的,基础的,根本的
(例)underlying document 原始文件 underlying structure 底层结构
undermine [] v,消弱,破坏(to weaken or ruin by degrees)
(反)undermine ◆ reinforce/ undergird 消弱 ◆ 加强
(同)weaken,attenuate,blunt,cripple,debilitate,disable,enfeeble,sap
(记)under 下面+mine 矿山,挖掘→在下面挖掘→暗中破坏
underscore [] vt,v,在下划线(underline)强调(to make evident:stress)
(类)underscore·emphasis=brand·ownership下划线表示强调=烙印商标表明所有权
(反)underscore ◆ deemphasize/downplay 强调 ◆ 轻描淡写
(同)emphasize,feature,italicize,stress,underline
(记)under + score 在下面划线→强调
underdog [] n,受害者,输家(a victim of injustice or persecution)
(反)underdog ◆ bully 受害者 ◆ 欺凌弱小者
(同)victim,bottom dog,casualty,prey
understudy [] n,预备演员,代替之人(one who is prepared to act another's part)
(类)understudy·star=deputy·sheriff? 替身·演员=代理·州长(前者代替后者)
understate [] v,不充分地陈述,轻描淡写地陈述
(反)vaunt ◆ understate 吹嘘 ◆ 保守陈述
understated adj.朴素的,不惹眼的(exhibiting restrained good taste)
(反)bombastic/flamboyant ◆ understated 夸大的/炫耀的 ◆ 不夸张的,朴素的
undisputable adj,无可争辩的,毫无疑问的
unexceptionable [] adj,无懈可击的(not open to criticism·beyond reproach)
(类)unexceptionable·oppose=unique·precedent 无懈可击无法反对=独一无二没有先
(同)decent,acceptable,adequate,sufficient,unexceptional,unimpeachable
(记)【区分】?unexceptional [] adj,非例外的,普通的
unfailing adj,经久不衰的 用不完的,无止息的 可靠的,忠贞不渝的
unflappable [] adj.镇定的,从容不迫的(marked by assurance and self-control) (类)unflappable·upset=obstinate·persuade 镇定的不易被扰乱=倔强的不易被说服
(反)unflappable ◆ disturbed 镇定的 ◆ 扰乱的
(同)cool,composed,disimpassioned,imperturbable,nonchalant,unruffled
ungainly [] adj.笨拙的,不雅的(lacking in smoothness or dexterity·clumsy)
(类)loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 多话的·简洁的=灵巧的·笨拙的(反义)
(反)ungainly ◆ adroit/dexterous/lissome 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的,机敏的/灵巧的/敏捷的
(同)clumsy,awkward,lumbering,lumpish
(记)gain 优点,收益→gainly 有优点的,姿态好的→ungainly 笨拙的
unimpeachable [] adj.无可置疑的,无可指责的(not to be called in question)
(反)unimpeachable ◆ open to question 无可置疑的 ◆ 有疑问的
(同)reproachable,blameless,decent,acceptable,adequate,common,satisfactory,sufficient
uninitiated adj,未入门的,外行的,无经验的
unjustly adv,不义地,非法的
unkempt [] adj.凌乱的,不整洁的(deficient in order or neatness)
(反)unkempt ◆ dapper 不整洁的 ◆ 整洁的
(同)slovenly,disheveled,ill-kempt,messy,slipshod,sloppy
(记)un(不)kem(谐音:看)→不能看的,没法看的→肮脏凌乱的
unlettered [] adj,未受教育的,无学问的,文盲的(lacking facility in reading and writing and
ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books)
(反)erudite ◆ ignorant/smattering of knowledge/ unlettered
博学的 ◆ 无知识的/知识浅薄的/无学问的
(同)ignorant,benighted,empty-headed,illiterate,uninstructed,unschooled,untutored
(记)un+letter 一个字母都不认识→文盲的
unpretentious [] adj,不炫耀的,谦逊的(free from ostentation,elegance,or affectation)
(反)bombastic ◆ unpretentious 夸大的 ◆ 不炫耀的
(同)plain,discreet,inelaborate,modest,unelaborate,unembellished
unproductive [] adj,徒然的,无效的
(反)effectual ◆ unproductive 有效的 ◆ 无效的
(同)futile,abortive,bootless,ineffective,ineffectual,unavailing,vain
unrequited [] adj,无报答的,无报酬的(not reciprocated or returned in kind)
(反)remunerative ◆ unrequited 有报酬的 ◆ 无报酬的
(例)unrequited love; 未得回报的爱情;单恋
unruly [] adj.难驾驭的,蛮横的(not readily ruled or managed;presumptuous)
(类)unruly·authority=refractory·change 蛮横的·威信=执拗的·改变(不会产生后者)
(反)subdued ◆ unruly 屈服的 ◆ 难驾驭的
unruly ◆ disciplined 不守规矩的 ◆ 遵守纪律的
(同)indomitable,intractable,recalcitrant,undisciplined,unmanageable,untoward
unsettling v,令人不安的,扰乱的,使困窘的
(例)unsettling news使人不安的消息
untenable [] adj,防守不住的,站不住脚的(not able to be defended)
(类)untenable·defense=invulnerable·injury=inevitable·avoide=incontrovertible·disputed
防守不住的·防卫=不会受伤害的·伤害=不可避免的·避免=无可争议的·争议
(同)inexcusable,indefensible,inexpiable,unforgivable,unjustifiable
untold [] adj.数不清的,无数的(incalculable,vast)
(类)(countless/innumerable/myriad/untold)·number=(everlasting/ interminable)·duration
无数的·数目=无休止的·持续 (前者修饰后者)
(反)untold ◆ able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable 数不清的 ◆ 可以计算的
(同)enormous,immense,prodigious,titanic,innumerable,countless,innumerous
untoward [] adj,不利的,不吉利的(not favorable:adverse,unpropitious)
(反)untoward ◆ auspicious/ propitious 不利的 ◆ 吉兆的/吉利的
untoward ◆ favorable and anticipated 不利的 ◆ 顺利且可以被预见的
untoward ◆ fortunate 事与愿违的 ◆ 幸运的
toward ◆ obdurate 良好的 ◆ 冷酷的
(同)unlucky,hapless,misfortunate,star-crossed,unhappy
unwarranted adj,无根据的,未获保证的,无保证的,未获承认的
unwitting [] adj,不知道的,未觉察的(not knowing·unaware)
(反)conscious ◆ unwitting 有意识的 ◆ 未觉察的
(同)ignorant,incognizant,inconversant,unacquainted,unaware,uninformed
(例)he kept the truth from their unwitting friends,他对不知情的朋友隐瞒真相。
unwonted [] adj,不习惯的,不寻常的(not accustomed by experience)
(反)habit ◆ unwonted behavior 习惯 ◆ 不习惯
unwonted ◆ usual 不寻常的 ◆ 平常的
(同)exceptional,extraordinary,singular,unimaginable,unique,unusual
(记)来自wont n/v习惯 adj,习惯的
(例)The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world
穷人总是抱怨这是个冷酷的世界
unworldly adj,非世俗的,精神上的,脱俗的 天真的,不谙世故的
upbraid [] vt.(严厉地)谴责,责骂(severely reproach;scold vehemently)
(类)upbraid·disapproval=lament·grief 责骂·不赞成=哀悼·悲痛 (表达)
upbraid·reproach=dote·like 谴责·责备=溺爱·喜欢(程度)
(反)upbraid ◆ laud/extol 谴责 ◆ 赞美/颂扬
(同)reprimand,scold,berate,lash,rate,revile,vituperate
uphold [] vt.支持,赞成(to support against an opponent )
(反)uphold ◆ abrogate /impugnuphold 支持,赞成 ◆ 废除/指责
(同)support,advocate,back,champion,side (with)

urbane [] adj.彬彬有礼的,文雅的(notably polite or finished in manner·polished)
(类)urbane·gaucherie=guileless·chicanery 文雅的不笨拙=坦率的不狡辩
(反)urbane ◆ rude/rustic 文雅的 ◆ 粗鲁无礼的/不世故的
urbanity ◆ artlessness 文雅 ◆ 淳朴
urbanity ◆ oafishness 举止文雅 ◆ 痴呆
(同)genteel,cultivated,cultured,polished,refined,well-bred
usurp [] v,篡夺,篡位(to seize or exercise authority or possession wrongfully)
(类)usurp·take=trespass·enter 篡夺·获得=侵入·进入(非法与正常)
(反)usurp ◆ assume rightfully 篡位 ◆ 正当的就职
(同)arrogate,accroach,appropriate,assume,preempt
(记)us(=use 用)+urp(谐音:恶婆)→武则天用恶婆的手段篡夺皇位
usury [] n,高利贷(lending money at illegal high rates of interest)
(类)usury·interest=gouging·price 高利贷·利息=敲竹杠·价格(诈取后者)
(记)来自use使用 联想:世界是没有免费使用的东西→高利贷
utopian adj,乌托邦式的,空想不切实际的
utter [] vt,出声;发表,宣布(pronounce,speak)adj,绝对的,完全的,十足的(absolute,total)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter迅速飞过·移动·突然说出·出声(快·正常)
exclaim·utter=flare·shine 大声呼喊·出声=闪耀·发光(大·正常)
(反)circumlocution ◆ pithy utters/utter concisely/straightforward utter 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的话
utter ◆ partial 完全的 ◆ 部分的
jest ◆ solemn utterance 玩笑,俏皮话 ◆ 严肃的话
(同)absolute,arrant,complete,sheer,entire
(例)he acted like an utter idiot,他的行为象一个十足的白痴。
vaccinate [] vt.vi,预防接种(to inoculate with cowpox virus to produce immunity)
(类)soporific·sleep=vaccinating·immunity 催眠的·睡觉=接种的·免疫(促进)
vacillate [] vi,犹豫不决;摇动,摇摆(waver in opinion;fluctuate;sway to and fro)
(类)impetuous·vacillation/hesitation=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的·踌躇=傲慢的·谦逊(形名反义)
persistence·vacillate=inertia·react 坚持不会犹豫=惰性不会起反应
vacillate·uncertainty=apologize·contrite 犹豫表达不确定=道歉表达后悔
(反)equipoise ◆ vacillate 平衡 ◆ 摇摆
resolute ◆ vacillate 决议 ◆ 犹豫不定
vacillate ◆ resolve firmly/stand firm 犹豫不决 ◆ 坚决/立场坚定
adamant ◆ vacillating 坚定的 ◆ 犹豫不决的
vacillation ◆ impetuosity/ pertinacity/resolution 踌躇 ◆ 冲动/固执/决心
vacillation ◆ motionless balance 摇摆不定 ◆ 静止平衡
(同)hesitate,falter,halt,stagger,waver,whiffle
vacuous [] adj.愚蠢的,空洞的(marked by lack of ideas or intelligence·stupid,inane)
(反)vacuous ◆ intelligent 愚蠢的 ◆ 聪明的
vacuous ◆ omniscient 空洞的 ◆ 全知的,无所不知的
vacuity ◆ plentitude 空虚 ◆ 充分
(同)empty,bare,clear,stark,vacant,void
vagrant [ ] adj,流浪的,漂泊的n.游民
vagary [] n,奇想,奇特行为(capricious happening; caprice)
(类)vagary·predict=impossibility·execute=indemonstrable·prove =diehard·budge
奇特行为·预知=不可能之事·实行=不能证明的·证明=顽固的人·使动摇(难以)
(同 caprice,conceit,fancy,freak,humor,whim
vague [] adj,含糊的,不清楚的(not thinking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely)
(反)vague ◆ well defined 不清楚的 ◆ 详细说明的
vague ◆ express/trenchant 含糊的 ◆ 明确的/清晰的
(同)obscure,ambiguous,equivocal,opaque,unclear,unexplicit,unintelligible
vainglorious adj,虚荣的
valediction [] n.告别演说,告别词(an act of bidding farewell)
(类)panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell 颂词·称赞=告别词·辞别(表达含义)
(反)valediction ◆ greeting 告别 ◆ 欢迎
(记)vale= farewell 告别+dic 说→告别演说
valiant [] adj.勇敢的,有胆量的,英勇的(courageous;heroic)
(反)valiant ◆ pusillanimous 勇敢的 ◆ 胆怯的
(同)audacious,bold,courageous,intrepid,undaunted,valorous
valid [] adj,正确的(logically correct);有根据的(well-grounded);有效的(effective)
(反)specious ◆ valid 似是而非的 ◆ 有根据的
fallacy ◆ valid argument 谬误 ◆ 正确的论点
(同)cogent,convincing,satisfactory,solid,sound,telling
valorous [ ] adj.勇敢的,勇武的,无畏的(valiant)
(记)谐音:沃勒尔—德国足球队教练,以勇猛著称。
vanity n,自负,自大 虚荣
vanquish [] vt,打败,征服,克服(to defeat in a conflict or contest)
(类)attack·vanquished=goad·provoked 攻击·被征服的=刺激·被激怒的(结果)
(同)conquer,crush,defeat,overpower,subdue,subjugate
vapid [] adj,索然无味的,乏味的(lacking liveliness,tang,briskness,or force:flat,dull)
(反)vapid ◆ inventive 乏味的 ◆ 有创造性的
vapid ◆ piquant 乏味的 ◆ 开胃的
vapid ◆ riveting 索然无味的 ◆ 非常动听的
vapid ◆ zesty 无趣的 ◆ 兴致高的
bracing ◆ vapid 令人振奋的 ◆ 索然无味的
(同)insipid,flat,inane,innocuous,jejune,sapless
(记)vapid 谐音 外啤的 联想:外国的啤酒索然无味。
参考:tepid adj,微温的 联想:泰国啤酒是微温的。
vaporize [] v,使蒸发(to convert as by the application of heat or by spraying into vapor)
(类)abraded·friction=vaporized·heat 磨损·摩擦=蒸发·加热(作用及其结果)
(反)vaporization/ gasification ◆ solidification 汽化 ◆ 固体化
vaporous ◆ substantial 无实质的 ◆ 实质上的
(记)vapor n.水气 v,蒸发+ize 动词后缀
variance [] n,变化,差异,不一致(difference,variation)
(反)immutable ◆ variable 不可变的 ◆ 可变的
variance ◆ congruity/uniformity 不一致分歧 ◆ 一致
variance ◆ quantity with a fixed value 变量 ◆ 常量
variegation [] n.彩色,变化多样的颜色(the diversity of colors)
(反)variegation ◆ uniform coloration 变化多样的颜色 ◆ 相同的颜色
varnish [] n,清漆 v,涂上清漆,使有光泽(to apply varnish to)
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=wax·linoleum
上釉·瓷器=上漆·木制品=上蜡·油布(行为作用对象)
varnish·glossy=sand·smooth 涂上清漆·有光泽的=磨砂·平滑的(行为及其作用)
vault [] n,有拱形天花板的地窖,金库(a room or compartment for the safekeeping of valuables)
(类)larder·provisions=vault·valuables 食品室·粮草=金库·贵重物品
(记)来自volve 滚动,转动 参考:Volve 沃尔沃轿车 involve 包括,涉及
vaunt [] v,自夸(to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments:brag)
(反)vaunt ◆ self-deprecate/ downplay/ humble/ understate 自夸 ◆ 自贬/贬低/贬抑/保守的说
vaunting ◆ meek 傲慢的 ◆ 谦恭的
(同)boast,blow,brag,crow,mouth,prate
(记)v(谐音 我)+ aunt(姑姑)→我有个姑姑在美国→自夸
veer [] v.转向,改变(to change direction or course)
(类)veer·direction=convert·belief 转向·方向=改变信仰·信仰(行为及其作用对象)
(反)veer ◆ maintain constant 改变 ◆ 保持不变
(同)turn,avert,deflect,divert,pivot,sheer,whirl
vegetation [ ] n,植物;呆板的生活
vehement [] adj.(情感)强烈的,热情洋溢的(intensely emotional:impassioned,fervid)
(反)vehement ◆ languid 热情洋溢的 ◆ 无精打采的
vehement ◆ apathetic (情感)强烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的
vehement ◆ lull 激烈的 ◆ 使平静
vehement ◆ tepid 激烈的 ◆ 微温的
(同)intense,concentrated,desperate,exquisite,fierce,furious
(例)chinese should have vehement patriotism,每个中国人都应该有强烈的爱国心。
venal [] adj,可用钱收买的,贪污受贿的(capable of being bribed; corrupt)
(反)venal ◆ unsusceptible of bribery 贪污受贿的 ◆ 不易受贿赂影响的
venal ◆ incorruptible 贪污的 ◆ 清廉的
(同)bribable,corruptible,mercenary,purchasable
vendor [] n,小贩(one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler)自动售货机
(类)vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 小贩·供应=检查员·修订(正面特征).
veneer [] n.镶面板,饰面(a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to be glued to
an inferior wood)
(类)foil·metal=veneer·wood 金属薄片·金属=镶面板·木材
glaze·porcelain=veneer·furniture=baseboard·wall 釉·瓷器=饰面·家具=护壁板·墙壁
(同)mask,cover,disguise,facade,face,veil
venerate [] vt.尊敬,崇拜(regard with reverential respect)
(反)veneration ◆ derision/disdain/despise/scorn 尊敬 ◆ 嘲笑/蔑视/轻视/轻蔑
venerate ◆ contempt/dishonor 尊敬 ◆ 蔑视/玷辱
(同)revere,adore,reverence,worship
venial [] adj,可宽恕的(forgivable,pardonable)
(类)venial·excuse=pellucid·understand 可宽恕的·原谅=易懂的·明白(容易关系)
(同)excusable,forgivable,pardonable,remittable
venom [] n,毒液(poison of an animal);强烈的憎恶或敌意(hatred)
(类)venom·toxin=milk·nutrient 毒液含毒素=牛奶含营养
(同)poison,bane,contagion,virus
venture v,敢于做(或说),大胆表示
(记)I would venture to guess that …… 冒昧地猜测……
veracious [] adj.诚实的,说实话的(truthful,honest)
(反)veracious ◆ fallacious/ mendacious 诚实的 ◆ 虚假的
mendacity ◆ veracity 虚假,撒谎 ◆ 诚实,说实话
verbatim [] adj,逐字的,一字不差的,直译的(following the exact words)
(类)paraphrase·verbatim=approximate·precise 意译·直译的=近似·精确的(反面特征)
【注:paraphrase:意译,用其他语句来阐释,改写。】
(反)argot ◆ standard language/common verbalism 隐语,暗语 ◆ 标准语言/普通地言语
(同)direct,directly,literally,word for word
verbose [] adj,冗长的,罗嗦的(containing more words than necessary)
(类)verbosity·words=floridness·embellishments 冗长·话=鲜艳·修饰(夸张的)
(反)verbose ◆ concise/ succinct 冗长的 ◆ 简洁的
verbosity ◆ laconism/ succinctness 冗赘 ◆ 简洁
(同)wordy,diffuse,prolix,redundant,windy
verdant [] adj,翠绿的,青翠的(green with growing plants)
(反)verdant ◆ barren/ sere/ sterile/ morbid 翠绿的 ◆ 贫瘠的/干枯的/贫瘠的/病态的
verify [] vt,校验,查证,证实(to establish the truth,accuracy,or reality of)
(类)plumb·depth=verify·accuracy 用铅锤测量·深度=校验·精确性(动宾关系)
(反)refutation ◆ verification 驳斥 ◆ 确认
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未经证实的 ◆ 已证实的
verifiable ◆ fallacious 可证实的 ◆ 错误的
(同)confirm,authenticate,corroborate,justify,substantiate,validate
veritable [] adj,真正的,确实的(not false,unreal,or imaginary)
(反)veritable ◆ specious 真正的 ◆ 似是而非的
(同)authentic,genuine,indubitable,real,undoubted,unquestionable
(例)a veritable mountain of references
verisimilar [] adj,好象真实的,逼真的(having the appearance of truth,probable)
(反)verisimilar ◆ implausible 好象真实的,可能的 ◆ 不象真实的,难以置信的
(记)veri 真实+ similar 相似的→似乎真实的
vernacular [] n,本国语,方言(the standard native language of a country or locality)
(类)vernacular·place=jargon·profession 方言·地方=行话·行业(事物及其相关对象)
(同)colloquial,vulgar,vulgate
(例)vernacular welsh differs greatly from literary welsh
方言里的威尔士和文学上的威尔士有很大的区别。
(记)源自verna 土生土长的奴隶
versatile [] adj,多用的,通用的,多才多艺的(having many uses or applications)
(反)versatile ◆ having limited application 多用的 ◆ 用途有限的
versatile ◆ unchangeable 多用途的 ◆ 不变的
(同)adaptable,ambidextrous,mobile,myriad-minded
(例)a versatile artist,who is at home in any medium。一个全能的艺术家,擅长任何媒介。
(记)来自 vers 旋转 联想:到处乱转→全都通的 参考:versed 精通的
verse [ ] n,诗歌 v,使精通(to familiarize by study or experience)
(类)footloose·attachment=unversed·familiarity 自由自在的不附属=不精通的不熟悉
(记)verse来自vers 旋转 因为诗歌回环缠绕有韵律因此引申而来 参考:versemonger拙劣诗人
(例)He versed himself in philosophy,他对于哲学很精通
vertigo [] n,眩晕(a disordered state in which the individual or the individual's
surroundings seem to whirl dizzily)
(类)hemorrhage·bleeding=vertigo·dizziness 出血·出血=眩晕·眩晕(同义)
verve [] n,气魄,神韵;活力,热情(vivacity;energy;vitality)
(反)verve ◆ listlessness 活力 ◆ 倦怠
verve ◆ lassitude 活力 ◆ 疲乏
list 36 vessel-------- zesty
vessel [] n,船只,容器,脉管
(类)aqueduct·water=pipeline·gas=vessel·blood 水渠·水=导气管·气体=脉管·血
vestige [] n,遗迹,痕迹;(用于否定)丝毫;一点儿(the smallest quantity or trace)
(类)vestige·remainder=figurine·statue 小痕迹·残余=小雕像·雕像(小与正常)
(反)vestige ◆ fully developed 退化 ◆ 充分发展
(同)memento,relic,shadow,trace
(例)it is valuable to dig for the vestiges of past civilizations,挖掘古代文明的遗迹很有价值。
without a vestige of clothing 一丝不挂
vestigial [] adj,退化的,发育不全的(small and degenerate or imperfectly developed)
(反)vestigial ◆ fully developed 发育不全的 ◆ 充分发展的
veteran [] n,老兵,老手(an old soldier of long service)adj,经验丰富的
(类)cadet·veteran=tadpole·frog 军官学校学生·老兵=蝌蚪·青蛙(年轻与成熟)
(同)experienced,old,practical,practiced,skilled,versed
(记)来自veter(= old)参考,inveterate根深蒂固的
veto [] vt,n,否决,禁止(to refuse to admit or approve:prohibit)
(类)veto·prohibitive=overture·introductory 禁止·禁止的=序曲·开端的 (名形同义)
(反)veto ◆ consent 否决 ◆ 同意
vex [] vt.使烦恼,使恼怒(to bring trouble,distress,or agitation to)
(类)draconian·inclemency=fret·vexation严峻的·严酷=烦恼·烦恼 (同义)
(反)vex ◆ pacify/ placate/ appease/ conciliate/ mollify/ soothe
使烦恼 ◆ 使平静/使平息/安抚/安慰/安抚/安慰
vex ◆ unable to incite 烦惹 ◆ 不会烦人
vexation ◆ conciliation/ placation 烦恼 ◆ 抚慰/安抚
(同)annoy,abrade,bother,fret,gall,irk,provoke
viable [] adj,能养活的,能生育的(capable of living)
(类)elastic·expand=viable·live 弹性的·张开=能养活的·存活(因果关系)
(反)viability ◆ inability to live 生存能力 ◆ 不能存活的
(同)possible,feasible,practicable,workable
vicarious [] adj,代理的,取代的(performed or suffered by one person as a substitute
for another or to the benefit or advantage of another:substitutionary)
(反)vicarious ◆ firsthand 代理的 ◆ 直接的
vicious [] adj,邪恶的,堕落的(having the nature or quality of vice or immorality:depraved)
(反)benignant ◆ vicious 仁慈的 ◆ 邪恶的
(同)wrong,evil,immoral,iniquitous,reprobate,sinful,wicked
vicissitude [] n,自然变化,(人事)变迁兴衰(natural change or mutation visible in
nature or in human affairs)
(反)vicissitudinous ◆ immutable/ unchanging 有变化的 ◆ 不变的
(同)change,innovation,mutation,novelty
(例)the novel described the vicissitudes of daily life,这部小说描述了日常生活的变迁兴衰。
victimize [] v.使受骗,牺牲(to subject to deception or fraud:cheat)
(反)victimize ◆ treat fairly 使受骗 ◆ 公平对待
(同)dupe,bamboozle,fool,gull,hoax,hoodwink,pigeon,trick
vigilant [] adj,警醒的,警惕的(alertly watchful especially to avoid danger)
(类)vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled 警惕的· 被骗的的=机警的·受骗的(反义)
vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的·被埋伏的·机警的·被欺骗的(反义)
(反)vigilant ◆ negligible/ oblivious/ supine/ unalert(干扰:gullible易受骗的)
警醒的 ◆ 易受骗的/不予重视的/不知不觉的/懒散的/不警惕的
(MW)Contrasted Words lax,neglectful,negligent,remiss,slack; forgetful,oblivious,unmindful
vignette [] n.(戏剧或电影中的)小插曲(a brief incident or scene as in a play or movie)
(类)vignette·scene=skit·drama 小插曲·情景=小喜剧·戏剧 (小与正常)
vigorous [] n,精力旺盛的,健壮的(full of physical or mental strength or active force)
(反)decrepit ◆ vigorous 衰老的 ◆ 精力旺盛的
(记)vigor(精力,活力的)的形容词
vilify [] vt.诽谤,辱骂(to utter slanderous and abusive statements against:defame)
(反)extol ◆ vilify 赞美 ◆ 辱骂
vilify ◆ honor 贬低 ◆ 尊敬
vilification ◆ beautification 污蔑 ◆ 美化
vim [] n,活力,精力(robust energy and enthusiasm)
(反)lassitude ◆ vim/animation 疲乏 ◆ 活力/有生气
vindicate [] vt,为…平反,为…辩护(to free from allegation or blame)
(反)vindicate ◆ confirm guilt/ calumniate/ impugn 辩护 ◆ 定罪/诽谤/责难

vindictive [] adj.复仇的(有寻仇倾向的)(disposed to seek revenge:vengeful)
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge 唯利是图的追求金钱=复仇心重的追求报仇
virtuoso [] n,艺术鉴赏家,大师,专家(an experimenter in the arts and sciences:savant)
(类)virtuoso·skill=potentate·power 艺术名鉴赏家·技能=当权者·权力(前者具备后者)
(反)virtuoso ◆ beginner/mediocrity 大师 ◆ 初学者/平庸之才
(同)expert,artist,artiste,authority,dabster,master
(例)the politician is known as a virtuoso at public relations,这位政客是著名的公共关系专家。
virtuous [] adj,品德高尚的,正直的(morally excellent:righteous)
(类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 消沉·精力=堕落·美德(缺乏)
(反)virtuous ◆ base/nefarious 品德高尚的 ◆ 卑鄙的/穷凶极恶的
virulent [] adj,有毒的,有害的
(反)virulent ◆ salubrious 有毒的 ◆ 有益健康的
(记)来自virus 病毒
visceral [] a,内心深处的,内脏的
viscid [] adj,粘滞的,粘性的(having a glutinous consistency:viscous)
(反)viscid ◆ slick 粘滞的 ◆ 光滑的
viscous [] adj.粘滞的,粘性(having a glutinous consistency:viscid)
(反)glutinous ◆ non viscous 粘性的 ◆ 没粘性的
visionary [] adj,幻影的(illusory),空想的(utopian)
(类)visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging
空想不切实际的·理想主义的=好管闲事的·热于助人的(褒贬)
【注】visionary,Not practicable or realizable; utopian,不切实际的;乌托邦的
miscreant·criminal=visionary·delusion 罪恶的·罪犯=幻影的·幻觉(正面特征)
(例)?a visionary scheme for job 不切实际的工作计划
vista [ ] n远景;展望;回顾
vitality [] n,活力,生命力(capacity to live and develop)
(类)attenuate·thickness=enervate·vitality=debase·value
稀释·浓度=使虚弱·活力=贬低·价值(行为及其作用对象)
dehydrate·water=wither·vitality 脱水·水=使凋谢·生命力(行为及其作用对象)
(反)arrest ◆ vitalize 阻止 ◆ 激发(生长)
vitality ◆ enervation 活力 ◆ 虚弱
vitality ◆ soporific 活力 ◆ 使人昏昏沉沉的东西
vitiate [] v,消弱,损害(to make faulty or defective:impair)
(反)vitiate ◆ fortify/strengthen 消弱 ◆ 增强/加强
(同)debased,corrupted,depraved,perverted,vitiated
(例)the comic impact is vitiated by obvious haste,喜剧效果被显然的匆忙削弱了。
vitrify [] v,使成玻璃状(to convert into a glassy substance by heat and fusion)
(类)tarnish·dull=vitrify·smooth 使失去光泽·阴暗的=使变成玻璃·平滑的(结果)
vitriolic [] adj.刻薄的;硫酸的(bitterly scathing; caustic)
(反)vitriolic ◆ soothing 刻薄的 ◆ 抚慰的
vituperate [] vt,谩骂,责骂(to abuse or censure severely or abusively:berate)
(类)lionize·admire=vituperate·despise 捧人·赞美=谩骂·轻视(情感表达)
(反)vituperate ◆ admire/ praise 责骂 ◆ 赞赏
vituperative ◆ adulatory/complimentary 辱骂的 ◆ 奉承的/称赞的
(同)scold,berate,lash,rail,rate,revile,upbraid
vivacious [] adj,活泼的,快活的(lively in temper,conduct,or spirit:sprightly)
(反)vivacious ◆ languid/ phlegmatic 活泼的 ◆ 疲倦的/无活力的
vociferous [] adj,喧哗的,大叫大嚷的(marked by vehement insistent outcry)
(反)vociferous ◆ monotone/reticent/serenity 喧哗的 ◆ 单调的/沉默的/安静的
(同)vociferous,clamorous,blatant,strident,boisterous,obstreperous
(例)vociferous cries of protest and outrage convulsed the whole city,
抗议、愤怒的大肆喧哗的哭喊声震撼了整个城市。
volatile [] adj,反复无常的,易变的(inconstant; fickle)
(类)craven·heroic=volatile·constant 怯懦的·英勇的=易变的·不变的(反义)
volatile·temper=ready·wit 反复无常的·脾气=自发的·妙语(形修饰名)
volatile·evaporate=soluble·dissolve 挥发性的·使蒸发=可溶解的·溶解(容易)
(反)volatile ◆ constant/stable 反复无常的 ◆ 不变的/稳定的
imperturbability ◆ volatility 冷静 ◆ 易变
volition [] n.行使意志,决择(an act of making a choice or decision)
(反)volition ◆ inability to choose/ inability to select 决择 ◆ 无法抉择
voluble [] adj,健谈的,流利的(glib,fluent);爱说话的,多话的(talkative)
(类)voluble·verbosity=licentious·dissoluteness 多话的·冗长=放肆的·放荡(名形同义)
maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=多话的·简短的(反义)
audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·胆怯=简洁的·冗长(形名反义)
(反)voluble ◆ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent 口若悬河的 ◆ 沉默的/简洁的/简洁的/沉默的
volubility ◆ taciturnity 口若悬河 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)glib,vocative,fluent;talkative
voluminous [] adj,卷数多的,大量的,庞大的(having or marked by great volume or bulk)
(反)voluminous ◆ scanty/ scarce 大量的 ◆ 缺乏的/缺乏的
(例)she tried to keep track of voluminous slips of paper for dependable testimony.
为了寻找可靠的证据,她竭力去了解大量成堆的文件。
(同)large;full;numerous
voluptuous [] adj.奢侈逸乐的,沉溺酒色的,撩人的(given to or spent in enjoyments
of luxury,pleasure,or sensual gratifications)
(反)voluptuary ◆ ascetic 酒色之徒 ◆ 苦行者
voluptuous ◆ spartan/ self constrained/ self denying
沉溺酒色的 ◆ 节俭的/自我约束的/克己的
(同)sensuous,epicurean,luscious,lush,luxurious,sensual
(例)?a voluptuous dance;voluptuous ornamentation
voracious [] adj.贪婪的,狼吞虎咽的(insatiable;having a huge appetite)
(类)impassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·扰乱=贪婪的·满足(不容易被)
(反)voracity ◆ lack of appetite 狼吞虎咽的 ◆ 没有食欲的
(同)edacious,gluttonous,rapacious,ravening,ravenous
(例)the wolverine is an extremely voracious eater。 狼獾是一种非常贪吃的动物。
votary [] n,热心者,崇拜者,信徒(enthusiast,devotee;a devout or zealous worshiper)
(反)votary ◆ skeptic 崇拜者 ◆ 怀疑者
votary ◆ reactionary 信徒 ◆ 反动分子
vouch [] vi,担保,证明(to summon into court to warrant or defend a title)
(反)vouch ◆ refuse to guarantee 担保 ◆ 拒绝担保
vulgar [] adj,粗俗的,无教养的,通俗的(lacking in cultivation,perception,or taste:coarse)
(类)genteel/ gentle·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 优雅的·粗俗=无畏的·害怕(形名反义)
(例)they reject the vulgar conception of miracle,他们否定了奇迹的这种不同的概念。
vulnerable [] adj.易受攻击的,易受责难的(open to attack or damage:assailable)
(反)vulnerable ◆ safe 易受攻击的 ◆ 安全的
waddle [] vi,摇摇摆摆地走,蹒跚
(类)slither·snake=waddle·duck 滑动·蛇=摇摇摆摆·鸭子(动物特征动作)
(记)来自 wade v,跋涉,费力地走
waffle [] vi,闲聊,胡扯(to talk or write foolishly:blather)
(类)waffle·enunciate=embed·disinter 胡扯·阐明=嵌入·掘出(反义)
(反)waffle ◆ insist harshly/speak unequivocally 胡扯 ◆ 严厉地强调/清晰地表述
waft [] v.吹送,飘荡(to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant medium)
(类)waft·plummet=meander·dash 飘荡·垂直下落=蜿蜒而流·猛冲(程度)
wag [] n,爱说笑话的人,诙谐的人,机智的人(wit,joker)
(类)humorous·wag=ludicrous·buffoon=dissolute·libertine= stupid·dolt
滑稽的·小丑=可笑的·小丑=放荡的·放荡不羁者=愚蠢的·笨蛋(人物性格特征)
(例)a gay young wag,always full of fun,一位快乐的爱说笑打趣的年轻人,总是妙趣横生。
(派)waggish adj,滑稽的,幽默的
wan [] adj.苍白的,病态的,暗淡的(suggestive of poor health·sickly,pallid)
(反)wan ◆ hale 病态的 ◆ 健壮的
wan ◆ rubicund 苍白的 ◆ 面色红润的
wanderlust [] n.旅行癖,流浪癖(strong longing for or impulse toward wandering)
(类)curiosity·know=wanderlust·travel 好奇就想知道=旅行癖就想旅行
wane [] vi.减少,衰退 (dwindle;to fall gradually from power,prosperity,or influence)
(反)verve ◆ listlessness 活力 ◆ 倦怠
resurgence ◆ waning vitally 苏醒 ◆ 衰退
burgeoning ◆ waning 迅速生长的 ◆ 慢慢衰落
escalate ◆ wane 逐步增强 ◆ 逐渐衰退
wane ◆ intensify 减弱 ◆ 增强
(同)abate,die (down or away),ebb,moderate,slacken,subside
want [] n,短缺,贫困(extreme poverty that deprives one of the necessities of life)
(反)repletion ◆ want 充满 ◆ 短缺
wardrobe [] n,衣室,衣橱(a room or closet where clothes are kept:clothespress)
(类)wardrobe·clothes=bookcase·books=larder·food
衣柜·衣服=书柜·书=食物柜·食物(事物及其存储场所)
warmonger [] n,好战者,战争贩子(one who urges or attempts to stir up war) (反)warmonger/ jingoist ◆ dove/pacifist
好战者/侵略主义者 ◆ 鸽派人物(主张和平调解或谈判)/和平者
warp [] v.弯曲,翘起(to twist or bend out of a plane)
(反)aligned ◆ warped 排成直线的 ◆ 弯曲的
(同)deform,contort,distort,misshape,torture,wind
warrant [] vt,担证,使有正当理由(to guarantee to a person good title to and
undisturbed possession of as an estate)
(反)gratuitous ◆ warranted / merited 免费的,无理由的 ◆ 有正当理由的/应得的
wary [] adj,小心的,机警的,谨慎的(very cautious; watchful)
(类)vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的·被埋伏·机警的·被欺骗(反面特征)
wary·gulled=vigilant·ambushed 小心的·受骗的=警惕的·被埋伏的
(反)remiss ◆ scrupulous/ wary 不留心的,玩忽职守的 ◆ 小心谨慎的/ 机警的
wastrel [] n,败家子,挥霍无度的人(one who dissipates resources self-indulgently)
(类)inexperience·neophyte=irresponsibility·wastrel
无经验·新手=无责任·败家子(正面特征)
watershed [] n,分水岭,重要关头,转折点(a crucial dividing point:turning point)
(反)watershed ◆ routine 重要关头 ◆ 日常事务

wax [] vi,增大,增强,月亮渐满(to increase in phase or intensity,used chiefly of the
moon,other satellites,and inferior planets)
(反)wax ◆ decrease/waste away 增大 ◆ 减少
flag ◆ wax 衰退 ◆ 增强
wax ◆ wan 月亮渐满 ◆ 月亮渐亏
waylay [] vt.埋伏,伏击,抢劫(to lie in wait for or attack from ambush)
(类)vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的不容易被伏击=机警的不容易被欺骗
watchful·waylaid=cunning·gulled 警惕的·被埋伏=狡猾的·被骗 (反面特征)
weird [ ] adj,怪异的,超自然的;神秘的,不可思议的
welter [] n,混乱;杂乱(a chaotic mass or jumble)
(反)welter ◆ orderly arrangement 乱七八糟 ◆ 井然有序
(例)I have just cleared up a bewildering welter of data saved in my computer.
我刚整理了保存在我电脑里的很难处理的杂乱无章的数据。
wheedle [] vt,(用花言巧语)诱惑,哄骗(to influence or entice by soft words or flattery)
(类)wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 哄骗·诱骗=敲诈·强迫 (同义)
(同)coax,banter,blandish,cajole,soft-soap,sweet-talk,
whet [] vt, 磨快,使兴奋,刺激(to make keen or more acute:excite,stimulate)
(反)blunt ◆ whet 变钝 ◆ 磨快
whet ◆ dull 使更敏锐 ◆ 使迟钝
(同)sharpen,edge,hone,sharp
whiff [] n,轻吹(a quick puff or slight gust especially of air,odor,gas,smoke,or spray)
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 一阵风·微风=涌出·滴流 (程度)
whimsical [] adj.古怪的,反复无常的,异想天开的(resulting from or characterized by
whim or caprice; especially:lightly fanciful)
(类)caprice·whimsical=stealth·furtive=insight·discerning
反复无常·反复无常的=偷偷行动·偷偷地=洞察力·有辨别能力的(名形同义)
mercurial·mood=whimsical·behavior 善变的·情绪=易变的·行为(前者修饰后者)
(同)arbitrary,capricious,erratic,vagarious
wholesome [] adj,有益健康的(promoting health or well-being of spirit,body or morals)
(反)wholesomeness ◆ decadence/taint 健康 ◆ 颓废/污点
wholesome ◆ deleterious/insalubrious/noxious 有益健康的 ◆ 有害的
wholesome ◆ morbid/tainted 健康的 ◆ 病态的/有污点的
sordid ◆ wholesome 肮脏的 ◆ 卫生的
(同)healthful,hygienic,salubrious,salutary
wickedness [] n.邪恶,不道德(the quality or state of being morally very bad)
(类)nefarious·wickedness=generous·liberality 极恶的·邪恶=宽大的·宽大
(同)evil,sin,wrong
wince [] v,避开,畏缩(to shrink back involuntarily as from pain)
(类)wince·pain=smile·pleasure=pout·displeasure=sneer·contempt
畏缩·疼痛=微笑·高兴=撅嘴·不高兴=嘲笑·轻视(前者表达后者)
(同)recoil,blanch,blench,flinch,quail,shrink
windbag [] n.饶舌之人,好说话的人(an exhaustively talkative person)
(反)windbag ◆ taciturnity 好说话的人 ◆ 沉默寡言
windy [] adj,冗长的,吹嘘的(verbose,bombastic)
(类)windy·concise=hackneyed·original 冗长的·简洁的·陈腐的·有创意的(反义)
winnow [] v.把(谷壳)吹掉,扬去(to remove (as chaff) by a current of air)
(类)winnow·chaff =filter·impurities 扬谷·谷壳=过滤·杂质(消除关系)
winnow·grain =purify·water=refine·oil 扬谷·谷物=净化·水=精炼·油(提纯)
winsome [] adj.媚人的,漂亮的(generally pleasing and engaging often because of a
childlike charm and innocence)
(反)winsome ◆ unprepossessing/repelling 迷人的 ◆ 不吸引人的/使人讨厌的
(同)sweet,dulcet,engaging,winning,entrancing
wistful [ ] adj,渴望的
wit [] n,机智(mental capability and resourcefulness:ingenuity)智者,妙语
(类)volatile·temper=ready·wit 反复无常的·脾气=自发的·妙语 (形修饰名)
【注:a ready wit 脱口而出的妙语】
(反)wit ◆ dullard 智者 ◆ 愚人
withdraw [] vi,撤退,隐遁(to take back or away)
(类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 闹饮者·痛饮=隐遁者·隐遁 (正面特征)
(反)press ◆ withdrawal 推进 ◆ 撤退
issue ◆ withdraw 发出 ◆ 撤销(干扰:withhold抑制)
wither [] v.枯萎,凋谢(to become dry and sapless; especially ·to shrivel from or as if from
loss of bodily moisture)
(类)dehydrate·water=wither·vitality 脱水·水=使凋谢·生命力(行为及其作用对象)
(反)wither ◆ burgeon/revive 枯萎 ◆ 萌芽/复活
(同)shrivel,welter,wilt,wizen
withhold [] vt,压制,拒给,不允许(to refrain from granting,giving,or allowing)
(反)withhold ◆ grant 拒给 ◆ 授予
proffer ◆ withhold 提供 ◆ 拒给
wizen [] v.(使)凋谢,(使)枯萎 (to become dry,shrunken,and wrinkled often as a result
of aging or of failing vitality) adj,凋谢的,枯萎的
(反)wizen/wizened ◆ blooming 枯萎的 ◆ 盛开的
wizen ◆ thrive 枯萎 ◆ 繁荣
(同)wither,shrivel,welter,wilt
wobble [] vi,摇晃,动摇,不稳定,犹豫(to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or
staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side tremble,quaver)
(反)wobble ◆ stabilize 不稳定 ◆ 稳定
woo [] v,求爱(to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with·court)
(类)woo·adore=adulate·fawn 爱·崇拜=阿谀·奉承(程度)
worldly [] adj,世间的,世俗的(of this world rather than religion or spiritual affairs)老练的
(反)worldly ◆ na?ve 老练的 ◆ 天真的
worldly ◆spiritual 世俗的 ◆ 精神的(干扰:singular)
【注意区别 worldly 和mundane; worldly并无“普通的”的义项;而mundane有所以mundane◆singular正确;而worldly◆singular错误】
worship [] n,崇拜,礼拜,尊敬(extravagant respect to an object of esteem)
(类)worship·sacrifice=prediction·augury 崇拜·供奉=预言·占卜(后者表达前者)
wrangler [] n,争论者,牧马者(a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses)
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马人=牧杖·牧羊人 (工具)
wretched [] adj.可怜的,沮丧的(deeply afflicted,dejected,or distressed in body or mind)
(反)elation ◆ wretchedness 兴高采烈 ◆ 沮丧
(同)woeful,afflicted,doleful,dolorous,miserable,rueful,sorrowful
wrought [ ] v,精心制作 adj,做成的,形成的,精炼的
(例)The watch was wrought with great skill,这座钟制作极为精巧.
wry [] adj,扭曲的(having a bent shape)讽刺的(cleverly and often ironically humorous)
(反)even 平的 straight 直的 true正确的 directly 直接地 undeviating不偏离的
yoke [] vt,给…上轭,连接,结合(to join as if by a yoke)
(反)yoke ◆ sunder 连接 ◆ 分离
yokel [] n.庄稼汉,乡下人(a naive or gullible inhabitant of a rural area or small town)
(类)yokel·sophistication=coward·courage 乡下人·诡辩=胆小鬼·勇气(缺乏)
zeal [] n,热心,热诚(eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:fervor)
(类)zealous·enthusiastic=idolatrous·devoted 热心的·热情的=偶像崇拜的·投入的(同义)
zeal·dedication=mesmerism·interest 热衷·致力=着迷·兴趣 (程度)
devoted·zealous=careful·fastidious 投入的·热情的=仔细的·挑剔的(程度)
(反)zeal ◆ torpor/ indifference 热情 ◆ 麻木/ 冷漠
zealotry ◆ lack of fervor 狂热行为 ◆ 缺乏热情
zealot [ ] n,狂热者(a zealous person;especially,a fanatical partisan)
(类)fervor·zealot=improvidence·spendthrift 热情·狂热者=浪费·挥霍者(正面特征)
zenith [] n,顶点,天顶,最高点(the highest point reached in the heavens by a celestial body)
(反)zenith ◆ lawest point/ nadir 最高点 ◆ 最低点
(同)apex,acme,apogee,climax,culmination,peak,pinnacle,summit
zesty [i] adj.热望的(having or characterized by keen enjoyment)
(反)zesty ◆ vapid / bland 热望的 ◆ 索然乏味的/ 温和的
(同)pungent,peppery,piquant,poignant,snappy
zigzag [] n,Z字型路线(a line or course that proceeds by sharp turns in alternating directions)
(类)montage·images = medley·songs=zigzag·turns
画面剪辑·图像 = 混成曲·歌曲= Z字型路线·转弯
蓝宝填空阅读常用虚词,短语主词
解释
abandon…
in favor of…
放弃…转而支持…
in favor of=in support of 赞成,支持
act against
v,消灭,消除,淘汰
a hint of
n.少许,微量
all but
Adv,几乎,差一点(almost)conj,除了…都
all the more
adv,更加,愈发(例) It would be all but impossible,这几乎是不可能的。
anything but
adv,决不(例)I will do anything but go there,我决不到那里去。
anything more than
adv,不仅仅是(not merely)
as for
prep,至于,关于
as long as I know
就我所知
as yet
adv,迄今为止(up to the present or a specified time)
at a moment′s notice
prep,一俟通知马上就…
at first glance
adv,初看起来;乍看起来
at once…and…
conj,既…又…,不仅…而且…
at odds
与…意见不一;与…不和;常与with连用
be bound to
v,必然会,注定要
be free from
v,无…的,摆脱了…的
be oneself
(人)处于正常状态(指精神、身体等方面);显得自然(或真诚)
be preferable to
v,相对于…更为可取
be subject to
v,受支配,从属于,常遭受(例)They are subjuct to repeated challenges on the basis of new evidence,他们常遭受建立在新证据基础上的挑战
Board of Trustees
n,董事会
breathing spell
n,喘息的机会
building blocks
n.基石;基础材料
by far
到目前为止
call…into question
v,对…提出怀疑
close the book
v,停止入账;了结,中止
collective consciousness
n,集体意识
cutting edge
n,刀锋,最前沿
evolve into
v,演化,发展
exact from
v,强求,索取
expose…to…
v,使暴露于,使…遭受,使处于…的影响下
expressly
特意地,专程地(例)tools designed expressly for left-handed workers.
特意为左手工作者设计的工具
fact-finding
adj,实情调查的
family style
adv,家常便饭式地
freedom from
n,摆脱,免除,豁免,不受限制
from the outset
prep,从一开始起
give-and-take
n,公平交易 交谈
give way to
v.让位于,让步给,屈服于
hard-nosed
adj,执拗的,倔强的,精明而讲究实际的(hardheaded)
have one′s day
v,拥有其全盛时期
have yet to
v,尚有待于
heretofore
adv,迄今为止(up to the present time; before this)
if at all
conj,如果真有的话(贬义)
in effect
adv,实质上,实际上
in retrospect
prep,回想起来,事后看来
in that
conj,既然,因为
in themselves
prep.就其本身而言
in view of
prep,考虑到,鉴于
leave sb,open to
v,致使某人陷入…的境地
long-standing
adj,长时间的,为时甚久的
matter of duty
n.义不容辞的问题,义无反顾之事
not so much …as
与其说是…不如说是
nonetheless
conj,虽然如此,但是(nevertheless)
notwithstanding
ad,虽然,尽管
originate with
v.伴随…而产生形成
other than
而不是
otherwise
否则;以另外方式;在其他方面地(under other condition)
rank-and-file
n.1.普通士兵 2.普通成员,民众百姓
recourse to
n,依靠(赖),求助
regarding
prep,关于,至于,就…而论,在…方面
regardless of
prep,不管,无论
respond to
v,对…作答(或回答) 对…作出反应,响应
sail through
v,轻快地经过,轻而易举地获得成功
science fiction
n,科幻小说
set aside
v,宣布无效,取消(例)to set aside a verdict取消一项判决
spring from
v,起源于
subject matter
n,论题,题材,主要内容
take exception to
v,对…反对,对…表示异议 生气,不悦
take liberties with
v,(对人)狎昵,调戏 (对事)随意改变,歪曲
under development
n,在研制开发阶段中的
where are concerned
就…而言,在涉及…时
笔考蓝宝入门单词主词
中文解释
备注1
备注2
admire
v.赞美,钦佩,羡慕
admirable
令人倾佩的
air
广播; 外观,神色
He has a triumphant air,他面带得意之色
apolitical
a,不关心政治的
apologize
v,道歉,辩解
arrangement
n,安排
artistry
n.艺术才能,艺术性
ascend
v,攀登,上升
ascent
n,攀登,上升
assemble
v.集合,聚集,装配
asist
v,帮助,协助
associate
a,联合的v.联系
assorted
a,混杂的
assure
v,保证
assured
a.自信的,确定的
astronomy
n,天文学
asymptomatic
a,无症状的
asynchronous
a,不同时的
athletics
n,运动
atonal
a,音乐无调的
attach
v,贴上,附属
attain
v,取得,达到
attentive
a,注意的,留心的
attest
v,证明
attic
n,阁楼
attire
n,服装
attorney
n,律师
attraction
n,吸引力
attribute
n,属性,品质
attrition
n,磨损
attune
v,调音,使调和
atypical
a,非典型的
augment
n,增加,增大
autobiography
n,自传
automation
n,自动控制装置
auxilary
a,辅助的
available
a,可利用的
availability
n,可操作性,实用性
avant-courier
n,先驱,前卫,先锋
avant-garde
n,前卫,先锋
avenge
v,复仇
avocation
n,副业,业余爱好
avoid
v,避免,躲避
axis
n,轴,地轴(虚)
axle
n,轴,轮轴(实)
backset
n,倒退,逆流
backslide
n/v倒退
backwater
n,死水
baffle
v,使困惑
ballot
n/v投票
ballroom
n.大舞厅
bandage
n.绷带
bankrupt
a.破产的
banquet
n.宴会
bare
a.赤裸的v.使赤裸
barge
n.驳船,游艇
bark
n.树皮,狗吠
barn
n.谷仓
bashful
a.害羞的
beam
n.大梁,光柱
beguile
v.诱骗,诱惑
belated
a.误期的,晚到的
belittle
v,轻视,贬低
belongings
n,财产,所有物
bemoan
v,哀叹,抱怨
bench
n.法官席,长条凳
beneficial
a.有益的
bestow
v,给与,赠与
bias
n,偏见,偏袒;倾向
bid
n.投标,出价,命令
biennial
a.两年一次的
bi词头:两
bile
n.胆汁,愤怒
bilingual
a.双语的
biography
n,传记
biosphere
n.生物圈
birthright
n.生来就有的权利
blackball
v.投票反对
blackmail
v.敲诈勒索
blade
n.刀刃
blanch
v.漂白,脸色变苍白
bleach
v.漂白
bleacher
n,露天看台
bless
v.祝福,保佑
blind
n.百页窗,遮光物
blizzard
n.暴风雪
blockade
阻塞,封锁
blockage
封锁
bloom
开花,繁盛
blossom
开花,兴旺,发展
blotch
斑点,弄脏
blowhard
吹牛大王
blue
a.忧伤的
bolt
门闩
bondage
奴役,束缚
bookcase
书架,书柜
boom
繁荣,隆隆声
世界杯主题歌歌名
brand
商标,烙印
breadth
宽度
breakthrough
突破
breed
饲养
breeder
饲养员
bricklayer
泥瓦匠
brilliant
辉煌的
brim
边,杯子的边
brood
沉思,孵蛋
browse
浏览,吃草
bruise
淤肿,擦伤
bubble
起泡
bucket
桶
budget
预算
bureaucracy
官僚体制
burglar
夜贼
busybody
多管闲事的人
bypass
n.支路v,绕行,规避
byproduct
副产品
bystander
看热闹的人,旁观者
calculated
算计好的,故意的
campaign
战役,活动
candid
公正的,坦率的
candidate
候选人
cane
拐杖
capacity
容量,才能
capsule
胶囊
caption
标题,说明
capture
v,俘获n,战利品
carat
克拉(宝石重量)
carbohydrate
碳水化合物
carpentry
木工
cartoon
卡通,漫画
casual
偶然的,不经意的
catalog
目录
category
种类,类别
cathedral
大教堂
caulk
vt,填塞…以防漏
causal
原因的,因果关系的
来自cause
cavalier
骑士
celebrated
有名的,著名的
celebrate庆祝
celerity
快速,敏捷
accelerate加速
centrifugal
离心的
centralization
集中,中央集权
ceremony
典礼,仪式
certainty
确定,确定的事情
certification
证明
certitude
n,确信,无疑
characteristic
特征;有特色的
charity
慈善,施舍
charitable
仁慈的
charter
营业执照,宪章
chip
碎片,电脑芯片
circulate
v,循环,流通
circumstance
环境
cite
引用
civilian
平民
claim
要求
clamp
钳子
clash
冲突,碰撞(有撞击声)
classify
分类
clause
从句,条款
clay
粘土,泥土
cleanse
清洗,使清洁
cleave
劈,劈开
cleaver切肉刀
cleavage被劈开状态
clench
握紧,咬紧牙关
clientele
委托人,客户
client顾客
cling
粘紧,坚持意见
clinical
临床的
clip
别针,夹子
closure
n.关闭v.使终止
clown
小丑
cloy
v.过饱,厌腻
cluster
串,丛
coach
教练,公共汽车
coddle
溺爱,娇生惯养
code
密码,法典
coexistence
共存
coherent
一致的,连贯的
cohesive
粘着的
cohesion
凝聚力
cold-blooded
冷血的,冷酷的
collaborate
合作,协作,通敌
collar
衣领
collection
收集品
collide
碰撞
collision碰撞
colloquial
口语的,通俗的
colony
殖民地,生物群体
combat
搏斗,格斗
comet
彗星
comic
喜剧的,搞笑的
comma
逗号
comandeer
征用,强迫…入伍
command命令
commemorate
纪念
commentator
评论员,解说员
commodity
日用品,商品
commonplace
平凡的
communicate
沟通,传达
compact
合同,契约
compartment
隔间,车厢
companion
同伴,共事者
compass
指南针
compassion
同情,怜悯
compassionate
有同情心的
compatriot
n,同胞
compel
强迫,迫使
compete
比赛,竞争
compensation
n,补偿,赔偿,报酬
competence
胜任,能力
compile
编辑,汇编
complement
n,补足物 v,补足
complementary
补充的,互补的
complexion
面色,肤色
complexity
复杂,复杂性
complicate
使复杂化
complicated
复杂的,难懂的
component
成分
compose
创作,写作
composed
镇定的,沉着的
composure
镇静,沉着
composite
合成的,复合的
comprehend
领会,理解
comprehensible
容易理解的
comprehensive
全面的,综合的
compulsion
强迫,强制
conceive
想象,构思,怀孕
conceivable
a,可想像的,可能的
conceit
自负,自大
conceptual
概念上的
concept概念
concerto
协奏曲
concrete
具体的n.混凝土
concurrent
同时发生的,一致的
condemn
强烈谴责,宣判
condense
v,浓缩
conditional
有条件的
conduct
行为,品行;v,领导
conductor
领导者,指挥家
confederacy
联盟
confer
讨论,会谈
conference
会议,讨论会
confess
v,承认,坦白
configuration
轮廓;构造,结构
confirm
确定,批准
conflict
斗争,冲突
conform
v,遵守
conformism
n,因循守旧
confront
v,面临,对抗
confuse
v.搞糊涂,使迷惑
conglomerate
v,聚集
congregate
v.聚集
conifer
针叶树
conjoin
使结合
conjunction
连词;联合
conquer
征服,克服
conscience
良心,道德心
conscious
有意识的,有知觉的
consent
同意,允许
consequent
随之发生的,必然的
consequently
adv.所以,因此
conservation
保存,保护,保持
consistent
一致的,调和的
constellation
星座,星群
constant
稳定的,持续的
consul
领事
consume
消费
contact
接触
contagion
传染,传染病
contain
包含,容纳,克制
containment
牵制政策
contempt
轻视,蔑视
contemptible
可鄙的
contest
竞争
contestant
竞争者
context
上下文
continuity
继续,连续
continuation
继续
contract
合同;收缩
contradict
同…矛盾,抵触
contrary
相反地
contrast
对比
contribute
捐献,贡献
control
n,实验中的对照组
controversial
争议性的
controversy
争论,辩论
contravert
反驳
convince
说服,使人确信
convinced
确信的,深信的
cooperate
合作,协作
coordinate
同等的,并列的;坐标
coordination
协调,同等
core
果核,核心
corporation
公司,法人,企业
corral
畜栏
correlate
使相互关联
correspondent
通讯记者;有关的
correspondingly
adv,相应地
corrupt
腐败的,堕落的
costless
adj,免费,不必花钱的
counselor
n,顾问,法律顾问
counteract
抵消,消除
courtroom
法庭
crab
螃蟹
crack
使破裂;破裂声
craft
行业,手艺
crafty
狡诈的
crag
悬崖,峭壁
craggy
多峭壁的,崎岖的
cram
填满
cramp
夹子,钳子;痉挛
cramped
狭窄的
crater
火山口;弹坑
credible
可信的,可靠的
credit
信用,荣誉
creditable
可信的
creed
信条
creek
小溪,小河
creep
爬行
criminal
罪犯;犯罪的
criminality
有罪,犯罪行为
cringe
畏缩;阿谀奉承
crinkle
皱纹
cripple
跛子
criterion
标准,准则
critic
批评者
crook
弯曲,使弯曲
crooked
弯曲的,不老实的
crude
粗鲁的,天然未加工的
cruel
残暴的
cruelity
残暴,残忍
crumb
碎屑,面包屑
crumble
弄碎,粉碎
crusade
十字军东征
crus词头:十字
crustacean
甲壳类的
crust壳,地壳
crush
压碎
cumulative
累积的
curb
马勒;控制
curiosity
好奇心
curriculum
n,课程
cursive
草书的
curvaceous
曲线美的,性感的
curve
曲线
custom
习惯;海关
customary
合乎习惯的
cyclical
循环的
cyclone
旋风,飓风
dash
冲撞,猛掷
dashing
有冲劲的,有活力的
daze
使茫然,使眩晕
dazzle
使眼花缭乱
deaden
使减弱
deadlock
僵局,僵持不下
dealing
交易
debate
争论,辩论
deceit
n,欺骗手段,虚伪
decelerate
使减速
decisive
决定性的,果断的
declaim
演讲,慷慨陈词
declamation
雄辩
declare
正式宣布
declaration
宣布,宣言
decline
下倾,衰退,拒绝
incline
倾向,倾斜
declivity
斜坡
decorate
装饰
decree
法令
decry
责难,谴责
dedicate
奉献,致力
dedicated
专注的,献身的
deduce
推论,演绎出
deductive
推论的,演绎的
deduct
扣除,减去
deed
行为
defame
诽谤,中伤
fame
名望,声望
defeat
击败
defeatist
失败主义者
defect
缺点,过失
defendant
被告
defy
公然反抗
defiance
反抗,挑战
deficiency
缺乏,不足
deficit
不足,赤字
definition
定义
definite
定义的,清晰的
deform
使变形
defraud
vt欺骗
fraudulent
欺骗性的
degrade
降级
deity
神,神性
deify
奉为神
delectable
使人愉快的
来自delight
高兴
delegate
代表
delete
删除
delimit
定界,划界
delineate
描绘
demean
自贬;降低;刻意做
mean
低下
demeanour
举止,行为
demobilize
复员
demography
人口统计学
dem人
demonstration
示范;游行示威
deny
否认,拒绝
depredation
掠夺
deprive
vt,剥夺,使丧失
depute
委任,委派
deputy
代理人,代表
desert
沙漠;遗弃
desire
希望,需要
desideratum
迫切需要之物
design
设计,构思
desolate
荒凉的,无人烟的
despoil
夺取,掠夺
spoil
损坏,宠坏
destabilize
使动摇,使不稳定
destitute
穷困的,缺乏的
destruction
破坏,毁灭
detect
发觉,发现
detective
侦探
detest
厌恶,憎恨
detonate
引爆
deviate
偏离,背离
devious
离开正道误入歧途的
devour
狼吞虎咽
Vour吞吃
Voracioust贪吃的
diagnose
诊断
dialect
方言
dignity
尊严
indignant
愤怒的
deminutive
微小的
differential
adj.有差别的不同的
differentiate
v,区分
diplomatic
外交的,老练圆滑的
disaster
灾难
disband
解散,裁减
band乐队
disbar
剥夺律师资格
bar律师业
disburse
支出,花费
burse
钱包
discard
抛弃,扔掉
discipline
n.学科
disclose
揭露,透露
discount
折扣
discourse
演讲,论文
disgust
厌恶,嫌恶
disjunction
n,分裂,分离
dislike
不喜欢
dismal
阴沉的,使人悲伤的
dismiss
v,解散,遣散,开除
disorientation
迷失方向
orientation
方向,方位,向东方
dispel
驱散
dispensable
并非必要的,可有可无
indispensable
不可缺少
dispense
分发,分配
disperse
使散开,疏散
disport
玩耍,娱乐
dispute
争论,辩论
disputable
争议性的
distend
使扩大,使膨胀
distinct
清楚的,明显的
distinguish
区别
distinguish ed
著名的
distress
悲痛,使痛苦
distribute
分发,分配
disturb
扰乱,打扰
ditch
沟渠
diver
潜水员
divergence
分歧
docile
驯服的,听话的
dock
码头;v,剪短
doctrinaire
教条主义者
documentary
纪录片
domain
领土
domestic
家庭的;家养驯服的
domesticate
驯养
donate
捐赠,赠送
dorsal
背部的
dose
剂量
dote
溺爱;昏庸
doting
溺爱的
downcast
意志消沉的
downgrade
使降级
down-to-earth
现实的
drain
排干;耗尽
drainage
n.排水
draft
草稿,草案
dramatize
v,渲染;使戏剧化
drastic
激烈的,猛烈的
dribble
滴
drill
钻
droop
低垂
droplet
水滴
dross
渣滓,糟粕
drought
干旱
dual
双的,双重的
duckling
小鸭子
duct
管道
duel
决斗
duet
二重唱
dull
迟钝的;阴暗的
duplicate
复制
duration
持续时间
durability
耐久力
duress
胁迫
dutiful
有责任感的
来自duty
dwarf
侏儒
dynamic
动态的,有活力的
dyspeptic
消化不良的
earring
耳环
earthly
现世的,世俗的
ebb
退潮;衰退
economical
经济的,节省的
economize
节约,节省
ecosystem
生态系统
ecology
n,生态学
edify
陶冶,启发
effortless
容易的,不费力气的
effrontery
厚颜无耻
egress
出口
ejaculate
射出,突然叫起来
eject
喷出,驱逐
elegant
优雅的
element
要素,元素
elemental
基础的
elementary
初步的,初级的
eligible
合格的,符合条件的
eliminate
消除,除去
elite
精华,精英
elitism
精英统治
ellipse
椭圆形
ellipsis
省略
elongaton
延伸
elope
私奔
eloquent
雄辩的
emasculate
阉割,使柔弱
masculinity
男性,雄性
embankment
堤岸
embody
具体化,体现
embodiment
体现,化身
embroil
牵连,使卷入
emend
订正,校正
emerge
显现,出现
emergence
出现
emergency
紧急事件
emissary
密使,使者
emit
放射
emission
发射,放射物
emolument
薪水,报酬
empathy
认同,理解
sympathize
同情
emphatic
强调的,重视的
empirical
经验主义的,实证的
empiricism
经验主义
employ
雇用,使用
empower
赋予力量,授权
enamored
被迷住的,倾心的
amor
情爱
enchant
使迷醉,使沉迷
enchanting
迷人的,妩媚的
encipher
译成密码
enclosure
围栏,圈地
encounter
遭遇
encourage
鼓励
encroach
侵占,蚕食
encyclopedic
百科全书似的
endearing
可爱的,讨人喜欢的
endow
捐赠
endue
赋予,授予
endure
忍受,忍耐
enduring
持续的
enfetter
束缚,使成为奴隶
enflame
燃烧,使愤怒
engaging
有魅力的,动人的
engage
吸引,使全神贯注
engrave
雕刻,铭刻
engulf
吞噬,狼吞虎咽
enkindle
点燃;煽动
enlist
参军;征募
enormous
巨大的,极大的
entangle
使纠缠
entertaining
愉快的
entire
完整的,全面的
entrench
挖壕沟;确立
entrenched
.确立的,不容易改的
entrepreneur
企业家
enumerate
列举
envision
想象,展望
envisage
正视;想象,设想
epoch
新纪元,时代,时期
equation
等式,方程式
equatot
赤道
eradicate
根除
erase
抹去,擦掉
err
犯错误
erroneous
错误的,不正确的
errand
差事
erupt
爆发,喷出
escapism
n,逃避现实
escort
护卫,护送
espy
窥视(尤指远处的东西)
spy
间谍;暗中监视
essence
本质
estate
不动产
real estate
房地产
evade
逃避
evenhanded
公平的
even-tempered
性情温和的
evolve
使发展,使进化
exact
精确的
exacition
强求,索取
exaggerate
夸大,夸张
exceed
超过,超越
excel
v,胜过,优于 擅长
exception
例外;反对,异议
Excess
过度,过分
exchangeable
可交换的
exclude
排斥,拒绝接纳
excoriate
严厉批评
excursion
远足,短程旅行
execute
执行
executioner
刽子手
executive
经理
executor
遗嘱执行人
exert
运用;施加(影响)
exertion
尽力,努力
exhale
呼气,发出
exhibitionist
n,好出风头者
exhume
挖出
exigent
紧急的
expand
使膨胀;详述
expel
排出
expend
花费;用光
expenditure
支出,花费
expert
专家
expertise
n.专门技术
explanatory
解释性的
explicate
详细解释
explore
探险,探测
explosive
爆炸性的;炸药
expressive
有表现力,富有表情的
extend
延长
extraordinary
非常的,特别的
extremist
极端主义者
extrinsic
外在的,外部的
extrovert
性格外向的人
extrude
驱逐,逐出
factual
真实的
fad
狂热,时尚
faddish
流行的,时尚的
fake
v,伪造,捏造 假装
falsify
篡改,伪造
[ ]
familiarity
精通,熟悉
[]
famine
饥荒
famish
使挨饿
fanatic
狂热者
[]
Fanatical狂热的
farewell
再见
far-reaching
影响深远的
fasten
使固定
fastness
要塞,堡垒
fatal
致命的
fatality
宿命
fatten
使肥沃
(反)emaciate
使消瘦
faucet
水龙头
fault
错误
favorable
有利的,赞成的
feat
功绩
feedback
反馈
feint
佯攻
felicity
幸福
[]
felicitous
措辞恰当的,得体的
felicitate
祝贺,庆祝
fell
兽皮;砍伐
felon
重罪犯
felony
重罪
feminist
女权运动者
fencing
剑术
ferment
使发酵;n,骚乱
(反)tranquility
宁静
ferry
渡口,渡船
fertile
肥沃的,富饶的
fertilize
使富饶,施肥,使受精
festal
节日的,欢乐的
festive
节日的,喜庆的
fetus
胎儿
feud
宿怨
fiend
恶魔
fiendish
极凶恶的
file
锉刀
filings
挫屑
filth
污秽,肮脏
filthy
肮脏的,污秽的
finable
应该罚款的
fine
罚款
finery
华丽的服饰;华丽
firearm
枪支,火器
firefly
萤火虫
fiscal
财政的,国库的
fishery
渔业,水产业,渔场
fissile
易分裂的
fissure
裂缝,分歧
fixate
使固定
flabby
肌肉松软的
注意区别:floppy disk软盘
flammable
易燃的
flare
闪光,闪耀
flaring
火光摇曳的;绚丽的
flatcar
无盖货车,平台货车
flatten
变平;摆平(某人)
flavoring
香料,调味品
fledge
长羽毛
fledgling
幼鸟,菜鸟;羽翼未丰之人
fleeting
短暂的,飞逝的
flint
燧石,打火石
flinty
极为坚硬的
floodgate
闸门
floppy
松软的
floppy disk软盘
fluidity
流动性
focus
集中,聚焦
(反)disperse / diffuse驱散/散播
fooder
草料
(记)来自food食物
fold
羊栏;v.折叠
folder
文件夹
folklore
民间传说
(记)folk adj.民间的;lore学问,知识
folly
n,愚蠢
(反)sagacity 睿智,聪颖
fondle
抚摩,抚弄
(记)来自fond喜爱的
foodstuff
食料,食品
foolhardy
愚勇的,有勇无谋的
fool’s errand
徒劳无的工作
foothold
根据地,立足点
footlight
脚灯
fop
纨绔子弟
foppish
浮华的,纨绔的
forbid
禁止;阻止
forbidding
阻力重重,形势严峻的
forebode
v,预感,预见
forboding
预兆,凶兆
forecast
预报
forensic
法庭的,公开辩论的
(记)foren=forum法庭,论坛
foreshadow
预示
shadow影子 联想:捕风捉影
foreword
前言,序言
forge
铁匠铺;伪造
format
形式,格式化(磁盘)
formula
公式
forsake
放弃,抛弃
forswear
发誓放弃
formative
可塑造的;可成型的
formulate
公式化
fossilize
使成化石;使陈腐
(记)来自fossil化石,僵化的事物
foul
污秽的,恶臭的;犯规
fraction
碎片,部分
fractional
微笑的,极小的
fractious
易怒的,倔强的
fragment
碎片,分裂
fragrant
芳香的
比较:flagrant臭名昭著的
framework
框架,结构;社会制度
framing
结构
frantic
狂乱的,疯狂的
freeway
高速公路
frolic
V.嬉戏;adj欢乐的
frolicsome
嬉戏的,欢乐的
fruition
结果实,成就,实现
fulfil
履行
full-blown
鲜花盛开的
full-fledged
羽翼丰满的
fulsome
虚情假意的
fume
愤怒;冒烟
fumigate
用烟熏消毒
furbish
v,擦亮,磨光
furrow
犁沟;皱纹
fusion
熔化,熔解;核聚变
fuss
大惊小怪
gain
n,收益,利润
gale
狂风;一阵笑声
gaucherie
笨拙
gavel
(法官或拍卖人用的)小木槌
gaze
凝视,注视
gear
齿轮,装备
gem
宝石,珠宝
gemstone
宝石
gene
基因
generalize
归纳,概括
generalization
n,概括,综合
generate
产生,造成
generator
发电机
generosity
慷慨,大方
generous
慷慨的
genuine
真的,真诚的
germ
细菌,微生物;胚芽
germinate
发芽
ghostwriter
n,代笔人,捉刀人
gift
n,礼物;.天赋,才能
gimmick
噱头,花招
ginger
姜,活力
gingerly
谨慎的,小心的
glamorous
富有魅力的,迷人的
glance
一瞥
glare
v,闪耀,闪光
glaring
耀眼的,刺目的
gleam
v,闪光
glee
n.欢乐,高兴
gleeful
欢乐的
glide
滑行,滑动
glider
滑翔机
glimmer
发微光
glimpse
瞥见
glitter
v,闪闪发光
glory
荣誉
glorify
赞美,给荣耀;吹捧,美化
gnarled
树木多节的,粗糙的
govermance
统治
graceful
优美的,优雅的
gradation
渐进;阶段,等级
graft
嫁接
graim
谷物
granary
谷仓
granite
花岗石
granule
小粒,微粒
grant
同意给予
graphic
图表的,图解的
grasping
贪婪的
grateful
感激的,感谢的
gratitude
感激
gratuity
小费
grave
严重的
gravity
n,庄严;严肃;;地心
grease
n.油脂
greenborn
初学者
greenhouse
温室
grief
忧伤,悲伤
(反)consolation
安慰
grievous
极度痛苦的;极严重的
(反)slight
轻微的
grill
v,烤;烤问n.烤架
grim
冷酷的,可怕的
grind
磨碎,碾碎
grindstone
磨刀石
groan
呻吟,叹息
groom
马夫,新郎
grope
探索
gross
总的;毛的;粗野的
grounded
有理由的,有根据的
grouse
诉苦;发牢骚n.不满
(反)rejoice
v,欣喜,高兴
grudge
吝惜不愿给;妒忌
even grudged the tuition money,甚至不愿付学费
grudging
吝啬的,不愿给的
grumble
vi.抱怨,发牢骚,咕哝
grumpy
脾气坏的,性情乖戾的
guffaw
哄笑,大笑
guideline
n,指导原则,标准
gulp
vi.吞咽
guy
牵引用的绳子,支索
gyrate
旋转的
habitat
生活环境,栖息地
habit居住,习惯
habituate使习惯于
haft
柄,把手
hail
冰雹
halfhearted
a,兴趣不大的
hallowed
adj,神圣化的
halt
停止,暂停
handle
柄,把手v,处理
harden
使坚硬
hardheaded
现实的,精明的
hard-nosed
倔强不屈的
hardihood
大胆;鲁莽;厚颜无耻
来自hardy
强壮的;大胆的;鲁莽的
harmony
相符;和睦;协调一致
(记)谐音:和睦
harpoon
捕鲸的渔叉
[ ](记)拟音词:哈—嘭
haughty
傲慢的
hawk
鹰
hawker
猎鹰者;沿街叫卖小贩
headlong
轻率的
headstrong
刚愎自用的
headway
进展,进步
The ship could make no headway against the strong wind,这条船顶着狂风前进不得。
heal
v,治愈
healthfulness
有益健康(反)insalubrity
hearken
v,倾听
hearsay
n,谣传,道听途说
heartfelt
a,衷心的,真心真意的
heave
v.举起
heckle
v,激烈质问
hectic
紧张而忙碌的
a hectic life紧张忙碌的生活
hector
Vt.威吓;vi.恃强凌弱
hedge
树篱,障碍物
hedgehog
刺猬
heir
继承人
helm
舵,方向盘
helve
工具的手柄
herd
n,兽群;v,聚集
herdsman
牧人
hexagon
六边形
heyday
全盛时期,年富力强期
hibernate
v,冬眠
(记)hebern冬天
hibernal冬天的,寒冷的
hide
兽皮
highbrow
自以为文化修养高的人
high-flown
夸张的;好高骛远的
high-minded
品德高尚的
highlight
亮点,最精彩部分
hinder
Vt,阻碍,妨碍
hindrance
妨碍,阻碍
hindmost
最后面的
hinge
铰链,枢纽,关键
hinterland
内地
hiss
作嘘声
hitherto
到目前为止
hoarse
沙哑的,嘶哑的
hoist
升起,吊起
hold
船舱
holocaust
n,大屠杀
(记)holo全部+caust烧→全烧掉→大屠杀
honorable
光荣的
来自honor光荣
horizontal
水平的
horizon
地平线
hormone
荷尔蒙,激素
horrendous
可怕的
同源horrible
恐怖的
hosepipe
水管
hostile
敌意的,敌对的
hotbed
温床
hover
翱翔;徘徊
huddle
挤作一团
hue
色彩
hulk
笨重的船,废船,高大笨重的人
hull
外壳,果壳;船身
humane
人道的
humdrum
单调的,乏味的
hurdle
n,篱笆,障碍;v,跨栏
hurly-burly
n,喧闹,骚动
hush
肃静,安静
(反)din喧闹
hut
简陋的房子,棚
hydrant
水龙头
hydrate
水化物
hygiene
卫生,卫生学
[ ]
hyperactivity
极度活跃
Hyper过度+activity活跃,活动
hypercritical
苛求的,吹毛求疵的
Hypersensitive
过分敏感的
hysteria
歇斯底里
icon
圣像,偶像
idiot
白痴
idiocy
白痴,白痴的行为
idol
神像,偶像
ignoble
卑鄙的,不光彩的
Noble高贵高尚的
ignorance
无知
illegal
违法的
illicit
违法的
illegible
难辨认的,字迹模糊的
Leg读; 参考:dialect方言 legend传说
illustrate
举例说明,图解
[ ]
Lustr光泽
illustrious
著名的,显赫的
[]
Lacklustre无光泽的
imaginative
有想象力的
imaginary
虚构的
immense
极大的
谐音:西门子→一个极大的电子企业
immerse
浸入
impact
冲击,影响
impair
损害
参考:repair修理
impart
传授,告知
imitative
adj,模仿的,仿制的
immortal
不朽的
mortal
必死的,致命的
impeach
指责
impel
推进,驱使
imperil
使陷入危险
implausible
难以置信的
imply
暗示
imponderable
无法精确估量的
impose
征税,强加
imposing
壮丽的,给人印象深刻的
impoverish
使贫穷,使枯竭
impress
给人留下深刻印象
impressed
被感动的,被打动的
imprint
盖印
imprisonment
关押
impulse
推动,冲动,刺激
impulsive
容易冲动的
impunity
免除惩罚
impute
归咎于
imputation
归罪,归咎,归因
inborn
天生的,天赋的
incarcerate
下狱,监禁
incentive
n.刺激;a,激励的
incise
v,切割,切
incision
n.切割,切口
inclination
斜坡,倾斜,爱好
inclined
倾向…的,赞成的
incognito
隐姓埋名者
incognizant
没意识到的
incognitant
考虑不周的
recognize
认可,承认
incoherent
不连贯的
inconceivable
难以想象的
Inconsiderable
微小的,不值得考虑的
inconsiderate
不细心的,不体谅别人的
inconsistency
不一致
inconsolable
不能安慰,非常沮丧的
inconsonant
不协调的
incontinent
不能自制的,荒淫的
incorporate
合并,混合
incorporeal
无形体的
incur
招致
incurable
不可救要的
incursion
侵入,侵犯
indignant
愤慨的
indignity
侮辱,轻蔑
indiscernible
看不清楚的
indiscreet
不谨慎的
indiscretion
鲁莽,不谨慎
indispensable
必不可少的
indulge
v,放纵,满足
(反)eschew
避开
infant
n,婴儿adj,幼稚的
infection
感染
infer
推断,推定
infidel
不信教者,无信仰者
infirm
虚弱的
inflame
使燃烧;激怒
inflammation
怒火,燃烧;炎症
inflamed
发炎的
inflate
使充气,使膨胀
inflated
充气的;傲慢自我膨胀的
inflict
v,遭受
infliction
痛苦
informer
告密者,告发者
infuse
灌输,注入
ingredient
成分
ingress
进入
inhabit
栖居于,居住于
inhabitant
居民,栖居的动物
inherit
继承
inheritor
继承人
inhibit
v,抑制
inhibited
拘谨的,约束的
inhibitor
抑制剂
inhumane
不近人情的
initiative
首创精神;主动;率先的 [] (例) take the initiative采取主动
injuction
注射
innate
天生的
innocent
清白的,无辜的
inocuate
预防注射
inordinate
过度的,紊乱的
inquity
询问
insalubrity
n,不卫生
insane
疯狂的
inscribe
刻,写
Inscription
n.题字,碑铭
inscrutable
高深莫测的
insecticide
杀虫剂
insecure
不安全的,不稳定的
insert
插入
insoluble
不能溶解,不能解决的
insolvency
无力偿还,破产
insomnia
失眠症
inspect
视察,仔细察看
inspiration
启示,灵感
inspired
有灵感的,
instability
不稳定
install
安装,使就职
installment
分期付款
instantaneous
立即的,瞬间的
instate
v,任命
institution
制度;协会
instrumental
有帮助的,有作用的
insuperable
难以克服的
intact
完整无缺的,处女的
integrate
使成整体
intellect
智力
intent
n,意图,目的
intentional
a,企图的,故意的
interdisciplinary
跨学科的
intercept
vt.中途阻止,截取
interest
感兴趣
interlocking
连锁的
interlocutor
对话者,交谈者
interloper
闯入者
intermingle
混合,掺杂
intermission
间断,间歇
Intern
拘禁;实习生
internship
实习期
Interplay
相互影响
interpolate
篡改,插入新词句
interpose
放入,介入,插话
interrelate
互相关联
intersect
横断
sect
党派,片段
interwine
纠缠
Interweave
交织
intervention
n,插入,介入 干涉
intestine
肠
intractable
倔强的
introspection
反省,内省
introvert
内向的人
Intrude
强行闯入
intumescence
膨胀,肿大
tumid
肿大的
invade
侵犯,侵入
invalid
无效的
invariable
不变的,永恒的
inventory
目录,存货清单
inverse
反转的,相反的
invert
颠倒,倒置
invertebrate
无脊椎的
investiture
授职,授权
Vest衣服
invoice
发票
involuntary
自然而然的,无意的
ire
愤怒
irony
反话,讽刺
ironic
挖苦的,讽刺的
irredeemable
不可救药,无法挽回
isolate
使隔绝,使孤立
ivory
象牙
jealous
嫉妒的
jeer
嘲笑
jerk
突然猛拉
jolly
欢乐的,快活的
judicial
司法的,公正的
jury
陪审团
junction
交叉点;结合,连接
justify
v,证明…是正当的
juvenile
少年的
juxtapose
并排,并置
keen
热心的,敏锐的
kin
n,家属,亲属
kiosk
售货亭,电话亭
kitten
小猫
knocker
门环
know-how
n.实际知识;决窍
lag
落后,延迟,滞后
laggard
缓慢的;落后的
lance
长矛
lancet
手术刀
landlocked
陆地包围的
landmark
路标,里程碑
landslide
山崩
larva
幼虫
lasting
持久的,永恒的
laud
赞美
lava
熔岩
lax
懒散的,松弛的
(反)stringent
严厉的,迫切的
layman
普通信徒,门外汉
leakage
泄漏,渗漏
lean
倾斜,斜靠
lease
租约;出租
libel
诽谤
legislate
制定法律
legitimate
合法的
leisure
悠闲,闲暇
leonine
狮子的
lettering
刻出的字母,字体
lexicon
词典
lever
杠杆
leverage
杠杆作用
levitate
使升空,使漂浮
levy
征税
liberate
释放,解放
libido
力比多,性欲
licit
合法的
limb
肢,翼
lionize
把…视作或捧为名人
liquefy
液化,溶解
lissome
柔软的
list
倾斜;愿望
listless
无精打采的
literal
字面上的,忠实原义的
literati
文人,文学界
lobby
大厅,休息室
locate
定位
locomotion
运动
locomotive
火车;移动的
locus
地点,所在地
locust
蝗虫
loft
阁楼
log
日志,记录
loiter
游逛,虚度
longevity
长寿
longing
渴望
longitude
经度
long-range
远程的,长期的
long-standing
耐久的
long-term
长期的
loom
织布机
loosen
解开,松开
lope
平稳、轻松的步伐
lounge
闲荡,懒洋洋的斜靠
lowbred
未受过良好教育的
lubricant
润滑剂
ludicrous
可笑的,滑稽的
luminous
发光的,明亮的
词根:lumin光
lure
引诱
mace
权杖
machination
阴谋
magisterial
有权威的,专横的
magnanimous
宽宏大量的
magnitude
大小,重要度
makeshift
权宜之计
maintenance
维持,维护
majestic
宏伟的,庄严的
malapropism
词语误用
mal+aprop(恰当)→不恰当→词语误用
malevolent
有恶意的,坏心肠的
malfunction
故障
malnutrition
营养不良
malodorous
有臭味的
malpractice
玩忽职守
maltreat
虐待
mammal
哺乳动物
mandate
命令
maneuver
调遣
manifold
繁多的
mansion
大厦,公馆
maple
枫树
marble
大理石,大理石雕刻品
mare
母马
margarine
黄油
marginal
边缘的,页边空白的
marine
航海的,海洋的
mariner
水手
marital
婚姻的
martyr
烈士
mature
成熟
maxim
格言,座右铭
mass
n,大量,群众
matter
vi,要紧,有关系
Doesn’t matter
没关系
measure
n,议案,法令
medal
奖章,勋章
meddle
干涉,管闲事
meddlesome
爱管闲事的
mediian
中间的
medieval
中世纪的
meditation
沉思,冥想
medium
媒体
melancholy
忧郁的,令人悲伤的
meld
混合,合并
melon
甜瓜
mend
修正,改进
mentor
导师
mercantile
商人的,商业的
[ ]
merchandise
商品,货物
merge
合并
mermaid
美人鱼
methodology
方法论
microbe
微生物
microscope
显微镜
microscopic
极小的
mien
风采
谐音:迷人→迷人的风采
mighty
强有力的
migrant
候鸟,移居者
mildew
霉
milestone
里程碑
miniature
缩影,小画像
minuet
小步舞
miscellany
杂物,混合物
mischievous
淘气的
misconception
误解
misguide
误导
misconduct
不正当的行为
misdeed
错误行为
misdirect
写错地址;误导
miserable
悲惨的,痛苦的
misshapen
畸形的
mistimed
不合时机的
misslle
导弹
missive
信件
mitten
连指手套
moan
呻吟
moral
n,道德,品行
mobile
可移动的
mobility
可移动性
mock
嘲笑
modify
修改
modish
时髦的
modulate
调整,调节
mogul
显赫人物
moist
潮湿的
molar
臼齿
mold
模子
moment
瞬间;重要
monarch
帝王
[]
monoply
垄断
monstrous
巨大的;可怕的
来自monster
妖怪
monumental
纪念碑的,极大的
moody
喜怒无常的
morale
士气,精神力量
[ ]
moralistic
道学的,说教的
[]
morass
沼泽地,困境
mores
风俗,习惯,道德观念
词根:mor道德
morale
士气,民心
[ ]
motto
座右铭
mourn
哀悼
muddle
混乱,迷惑
来自mud
泥,泥泞
multiple
多样的,多重的
multitude
大众,多数
municipal
市政的
muscular
肌肉的,强健的
muse
沉思,冥想
来自Muse
神话诗神“缪斯女神”
mysterious
神秘的
mystery
神秘的事情,神秘文学
mythology
神话
necessitate
是成为必要
necessitous
穷困的,急需的
necklace
项链
needle
针;针叶
needlework
手工缝纫;刺绣
neurology
n.神经学,神经病学
[]
neurosis
神经官能症,神经衰弱
neurotic n.神经病患者adj.神经质的,神经病的
nicotine
尼古丁
nightmare
梦魇,噩梦
norm
标准,规范
nude
赤裸的
numb
麻木的
numerous
众多的,无数的
[ ]
oak
橡树
oar
桨
oatmeal
燕麦片
obstacle
障碍,妨碍物
obtainable
能够得到的
obverse
正面的
reversed
反面的
obvious
明显的
occupation
职业
occurrence
发生;事件
oddment
零头;残余的东西
odd
零碎的
offend
v.犯罪,冒犯,得罪
offense
n,冒犯
offspring
后代,儿女
omit
省略,遗漏
omnipotent
全能的,无所不能的
omniscient
全知的,无所不知的
omnivorous
杂食的,什么都吃的
onset
开始,发作
onslaught
猛攻,猛袭
operative
运转着的,实施的
opinionated
固执己见的
opponent
n.对手,反对者
oppose
反对,使对立,使对抗
oppress
压迫,压抑
oppression
压迫,镇压,压抑,苦恼
optimization
最佳化,最优化
optimism
乐观主义
optimum
最适宜的,最佳的
optional
任选的;可自由选择的
opulent
富裕的,丰富的
orchestra
管弦乐队,演奏处
orchard
果园
ore
矿石
orient
东方,东方的,上升的
orientation
方向,方位
ornate
装饰的,华丽的
outgrowth
产物,后果或结果
outlaw
罪犯;歹徒
outlet
出口,出路
outline
大纲,轮廓
outmoded
过时的
outnumber
vt.数目超过,比...多
outskirts
边界,(尤指)市郊
overact
过火地表演
overdose
用药过量
overexposure
n.感光过度
overdue
过期的,到期未付的
overemphasize
过分强调
overestimate
过高估计
overflow
泛滥,溢出
overhaul
彻底检查,大修
overlook
忽视
overpower
制服,压倒
overreach
伸得过长;做得过火
overreach oneself
弄巧成拙
overtake
追上然后超过
overwhelm
淹没;覆盖;制服
overwhelming
压倒一切的
overwrought
过度紧张的,过劳的
packed
挤满了人的,压缩的
pact
n.合同,公约,协定
padding
填塞物;填料
paean
n.欢乐歌,赞美歌
pagan
n.异教徒
谐音:培根。联想:科学家培根是个异教徒
pageant
露天历史剧,庆典
painkiller
止痛药
pamphlet
n.小册子
panic
惊慌;恐慌
parallel
平行的v,相等;匹敌
paralyze
使瘫痪,使麻痹
participant
参与者
particular
细节;特殊的,特别的
particularize
v.详细说明,列举
passionate
热情洋溢的
passive
消极的,被动的
pastime
n.消遣,娱乐
pastor
n.牧师
pastry
面点,糕饼
pasture
n.牧地,草原
patch
补钉
patchwork
拼缝物,大杂烩
patio
院子,天井
pauper
贫民,极度贫困的人
pawn
n.典当,抵押物,人质
peak
n.山顶,顶点
peaky
瘦削的;憔悴的
peculate
v.挪用,盗用
pecuniary
金钱上的,应罚款的
peculiarity
n.特性,怪癖
pedal
踏板
peek
瞥;窥视
peel
皮;v,脱去衣服
pendent
悬而未决的,未定的
pending
悬而未决的;即将来临的
pendulum
钟摆
penetrate
穿透,渗透
pepsin
胃蛋白酶
peptic
助消化的,胃蛋白酶的
perceive
vt.察觉
perceptible
可察觉的,显而易见的
perceptive
极端敏锐的
perch
栖息
perennial
终年的,永久的
perfectionist
完美主义者
performance
表演,演奏
perfume
香味,芳香,香水
peril
n.危险
permissive
许可的
perpendicular
垂直的
perplexed
困惑的,不知所措的
perquisite
额外收入,津贴
[ ]
personage
名人,要人
personification
化身,典型,榜样
personel
全体人员
perspective
前途;观点,看法
persuade
v.说服,劝说
petal
花瓣
phantom
幻影;幽灵
比较:phenomenal
显著的,现象的
philanthropist
慈善家
philatelist
集邮家
[]
phobia
恐怖病,恐怖症
pier
码头,桥墩
pierce
vt.刺穿,刺破
piercing
刺骨的,刺穿的
piety
虔诚
pilgrim
朝圣者
pinch
捏,撮
pipeline
管道
pistol
手枪
pitch
沥青;音调
pivot
枢纽;中枢,中心
plague
瘟疫
plain
简单的,明白的
plaintiff
起诉人,原告
plait
发辫
plane
n.平面,刨子v,刨平
planetary
行星的
来自planet
行星
plankton
浮游生物
plant
vt.种植,栽培
plantation
耕地,种植园
plaque
匾额;斑;动脉粥样硬化
plasticity
n.可塑性
plastic
塑料
plaudit
喝彩;赞扬或赞许
playful
好玩的,嬉戏的
playwright
剧作家
plaza
广场,购物中心
plead
vi.辩护,恳求
pleat
n.褶,褶状物
pledge
保证,使发誓;抵押
plot
密谋,策划
plough
v.耕,犁;费力穿过
ploy
计策,花招
plumage
n.鸟类羽毛,翅膀
plunder
v.抢劫
poise
平衡,均衡;镇静
poisonous
有毒的
poke
刺,戳
polish
vt.擦亮,发亮,磨光
poll
投票;民意测验
pollen
花粉
pollenate
给…传授花粉
ponder
v.沉思,考虑
pony
小马
populous
人口稠密的
portable
轻便的,便携式的
portion
一部分
portrait
肖像
portray
描绘,描述
pose
摆姿势;矫揉造作
possession
拥有,占有
possessed
着迷的
poster
海报,招贴画
posterior
较晚的;时间靠后的
posterity
子孙,后裔
posthumous
死后的
postpone
推迟,使延期
pottery
陶器
pragmatic
实际的,实用主义的
preamble
导言
precis
大纲,摘要
precision
精确,准确
predator
掠夺者,食肉动物
predestine
vt.预定,注定
predominate
vt.掌握,控制,支配
prehistoric
史前的
prejudice
偏见,成见
prejudiced
有偏见的
prejudicial
有害的;引起偏见的
preliterate
文字出现以前的
prelude
前奏,序幕
premature
早熟的
premiere
初次公演;杰出的
premise
前提
premium
保险费
preposition
介词
prerequisite
n.先决条件
prescience
预知,预见
prescription
n.指示,规定;处方
presentation
n.介绍,陈述,表达
presenter
n.推荐者
presentiment
预感
preservative
防腐剂
preserve
保护,保藏
preside
v.主持
press
压,压榨;新闻
pressing
紧迫的,迫切的
prestige
n.声望,威望,威信
prestigious
有声望的
presumption
n.假定;冒昧
presumable
可能的,可假定的
presumptuous
冒昧的;专横的
pretend
假装;装扮
pretence
伪装,假扮
pretension
借口;自负,骄傲
pretentious
自命不凡,自抬身价的
pretext
借口,托辞
preventive
预防性的
prevision
预见;预知
preview
预览
previous
以前的
prey
猎物,牺牲品
prick
刺
prickly
多刺的,易生气的
prig
道学先生
prim
整洁的
prime
首先的,最好的
primate
灵长类动物
primer
启蒙教材
primeval
原始的,早期的
primitive
原始的;简单粗糙的
principal
主要的,首要的
principled
原则性强的
priority
优先,在前
privilege
特权
proceeds
n,收益
procession
队伍,行列
procreate
vi.生殖,生育
proctor
学监,监考人
prod
刺激;激励
produce
生产生育;产品
productive
多产的
productivity
生产力,生产率
profile
侧面,外形,轮廓
profiteer
投机商
profound
深刻的,意义深远的
projectile
抛射体
projector
电影放映机,幻灯机
prolific
多产的,丰富的
prominent
卓越的,显著的
promote
促进,发扬,提升
prompt
鼓动,促使;敏捷的
prone
俯卧的;有…趋向的
pronounced
明显的;有明显特征的
prop
支持者,靠山;vt.支撑
propel
推动,推进
propeller
螺旋桨
proportion
比例
proposition
主张,建议
propulsion
推进,推进力
prosaic
散文的,乏味的
prospect
前景
prospective
未来的,预期的
prosperity
繁荣
protest
v,抗议
prototype
原型
proverbially
Adv,如谚语所说的,众所周知的
provision
n,供应;法律条款
proximal
最接近的
prurient
好色的;淫乱的
publicize
使…为公众所注意
publicity
公开,众所周知
pulley
滑车,滑轮
pulp
果肉
pulsate
vi.搏动,有规律的跳动
pulsating
节奏强的,兴奋异常的
punch
用拳头猛击;力量
puncture
刺穿;刺破
purebred
纯种的
purge
净化,清除,洗涤
purport
意图企图
purposively
有目的地;有决心地
purse
钱包;皱起;皱缩
putrefy
v.(使)化脓,(使)腐烂
putrefaction
腐败,腐败物
putrid
腐烂的
pygmy
矮人,侏儒
俾格米人(属一种矮小人种,身长不足5英尺)
pylon
架高压电缆的铁塔
pyre
火葬用柴堆
pyromania
放火癖,放火狂
quadrangle
四边形
quadr 四
quartet四重奏
quaint
离奇有趣的
qualification
资格,条件,限制
queer
异常的;古怪的
query
质问,询问
quest
寻找;追求
questionnaire
问卷,调查表
quiet
静止的,宁静的
quill
鹅毛笔;(刺猬或豪猪的)刺
quisling
卖国贼
quote
vt.引用,引证
radiant
发光的,辐射的
radiate
vt.放射,辐射
radium
镭
radius
半径
rag
破布,破片,碎片
ragged
褴褛的,破损的
raid
袭击,搜捕
raisin
葡萄干
rally
召集
ramify
v.(使)分枝,(使)分叉
rampant
猖獗的,蔓生的
rank
等级,阶级
rank 2
恶臭的,下流的
ransom
vt.赎回,勒索赎金
rapid
急流
rapture
n.全神贯注vt.使狂喜
rarefaction
n.变稀薄,稀薄
rarity
n.稀有
raspy
刺耳的,易怒的
raucous
沙哑的
ravish
使迷住;抢夺;抢劫
razor
剃刀
ready
迅速的;敏捷的
ready wit
机智
reaffirm reagent
vt.重申,再肯定
reagent
试剂
realign
重新排列,再结盟
realized
已实现的
realm
王国,领域,范畴
reasoning
n.推理,论证
rebate
折扣
rebelliousness
n.造反
rebuke
vt.斥责,指责,非难
rebus
n.(猜字的)画谜
recall
vt.回忆,回想,记起
recapitulate
v.重述要点,概括
recede
倒退,后退
receptacle
n.容器
receptive
善于接受的,能接纳的
recipe
食谱,烹饪法;处方
recipient
容易接受的;接受者
reciprocate
v.回报,酬答,互换
recital
n.朗诵,背诵;独唱会
recollection
记忆
recommend
vt.推荐,介绍
recompense
赔偿,补偿
recount
v.叙述
recreant
adj.怯懦的n.懦夫
recreation
n.消遣,娱乐
recruit
n.新兵,新会员;招募
rectangle
n.长方形,矩形
recurrence
再现;重现
recycle
v.使再循环,反复应用
redirect
改变方向;(信件)重寄
redress
纠正;补救;赔偿
reed
芦苇
reenact
v.再制定,再扮演
refined
精制的,优雅的
refine
vt.精炼,精制
refrain
vi.节制,避免,制止
refute
vt.驳倒,反驳
regime
n.政体,政权
reliance
依赖,依靠,信赖
relict
残余物
relic
遗物,遗迹
remainder
n.残余,剩余物
remedy
vt.治疗,补救,矫正
reminisce
v.回忆
remittance
n.汇款
remittent
忽轻忽重的(疾病)
remit
vt.宽恕,赦免
remnant
n.残余,剩余
remove
vt.移动,开除
renaissance
复兴,复活,文艺复兴
renege
背信,食言
[]
renowned
有名的,有声誉的
rent
裂缝,裂痕
reparation
修补,补偿
repentant
后悔的,悔改的
replace
vt.取代,替换,代替
replica
复制品
replicate
复制
repository
贮藏室,智囊团
reprimand
谴责,严厉训斥
reprisal
报复
reputed
据说的;一般认为的
repute
n.名誉,名声
request
vt.请求,要求
requite
vt.报答,酬谢
rescript
正式法令或政令
rescue
vt.援救,营救
resemblance
相似,相像
resent
v.愤恨,怨恨
reserve
慎言;拘谨;保留
reserved
沉默寡言的
reshuffle
重新洗牌;改组
reside
定居,归于属于
residence
n.居住,住处
residual
剩余的,残留的
resistance
n.反抗,抵抗
resolution
坚定,决心,决定
resolve
vt.解决
resort
胜地,常去之地
resort to
诉诸于…
resound
充满声音;回响
respect
尊敬,敬重
respectful
恭敬的,尊敬的
respective
个别的,分别的
respondent
被告(=defendant)
plaintiff
原告
restate
vt.重新叙述,重申
restitution
归还,赔偿
restored
恢复的
restraint
n.抑制,制止,克制
restricited
被限制的,被约束的
resume
vt,重新开始
retail
零售
retain
vt.保持,保留
retention
保留,保持
retentive
记忆力强的,记性好的
retiring
离群索居,不爱交际的
retrace
回顾;追想
retreat
vi.撤退,退却
retribution
报酬;报应;惩罚
retributive
报应的
retrieve
v.重新得到
retrograde
adj.倒退的v.倒退
retrogress
v.退步
revelation
n.显示,揭露
revenue
n.收入,税收
reverie
n.幻想
reversal
n.颠倒,反转
reversion
恢复,回复
reverse
n,背面,反面
revert
回复,回返
revitalize
新生,使重新恢复活力
revolt
v.反抗,起义
revulsion
感情上的突然、强烈的改变; 尤指强烈的厌恶或憎恶
reward
.酬劳,奖赏
rewarding
报答的,有益的,值得的
rhyme
押韵
rhythmic
有节奏的
rib
肋骨
rifle
来复枪,步枪
rig
操纵,舞弊
righteous
正直的,正当的
rigid
刚硬的,刚性
rind
外皮;果皮
rinse
漂洗
ripple
n.波纹
risible
可笑的,滑稽的
rivet
n.铆钉
roadway
车行道
robe
n.长袍,礼服
roe
鱼卵
roll call
n,点名
roost
栖息,安歇
rooster
公鸡
rotation
旋转
rote
死记硬背
rotten
腐烂的,恶臭的
rotund
圆形的,洪亮的
roundabout
迂回的,转弯抹角的
rout
打垮;击溃
rove
v.漫游,流浪
rowdy
吵闹的,粗暴的
ruck
皱褶;群众
rucksack
(旅行用)帆布背包
sack
麻布袋
rudder
n.舵,方向舵
ruddy
红的,红润的
rud=red
ruffian
n.流氓,恶棍
rumble
n.隆隆声,辘辘声
rural
乡下的,田园的
ruthless
无情的,残忍的
sacrament
(基督教)圣礼
sacred
神的,宗教的,庄严的
sacrifice
牺牲,献身,祭品
sadden
使悲哀;使忧愁
safari
n.旅行,狩猎远征
saga
传奇
sage
贤明的,明智的;智者
saintly
圣洁的
salacious
猥亵的,好色的
salute
v.行礼,敬礼
sane
心智健全的;明智的
sapling
树苗,小树;年轻人
satanic
邪恶的;魔鬼般的
savage
野蛮的,凶猛的
scab
疤,痂
scaffold
脚手架,绞刑台
scald
烫伤,烫洗
scalding
滚烫的,尖刻的
scandalous
诽谤性的
scant
.缺乏的,不足的
scar
n.伤痕,疤痕
scarcity
n.缺乏,不足
scarf
n.围巾,头巾
scatter
v.分散,散开
sceptical
怀疑论的,怀疑的
scepter
节杖,王权
schematic
图解的;纲要的
scheme
阴谋
schism
分裂
scoop
n.铲子v.掘,挖
scope
眼界,范围
scorpion
蝎子
scramble
爬行,攀缘
screwdriver
螺丝起子
scripture
圣经
scroll
n.卷轴,卷形物
scrub
v.洗擦,擦净
scrub 2
灌木丛,矮树丛
seafaring
航海的
seam
vt.缝合,接合,焊合
seamstress
女裁缝师
seasoning
调味品,调料
secede
vi.正式脱离或退出
secretive
遮遮掩掩;守口如瓶的
sect
宗派,教派
sectarian
宗派的;教派的
secure
安全的,可靠的
sediment
沉淀物,沉积
sedition
煽动言论;反叛,暴动
seedling
秧苗,树苗
seep
v.渗出,渗漏
segment
n.段,节,片断
segregate
v.隔离
seine
n.捕鱼用的大网
seismic
地震的
self-absorbed
自恋的
self-assertion
坚持己见;自作主张
self-assurance
自信
self-centered
自我中心的
self-confident
有自信的
self-control
自我控制,自制
self-deprecation
自我贬低
self-effacing
不出风头的
self-evident
不证自明的
self-explanatory
自明的,不需说明的
self-interest
自私
self-possession
沉着,冷静
self-reliant
自力更生的
self-righteous
自以为是的
self-satisfaction
自满,自傲
semblance
外观,外貌
sensible
明智的,有判断力的
sentient
知晓的
sentiment
多愁善感,情感
sentry
哨兵;警卫
separate
v.分开,隔离
serial
系列的;连续的
sermon
n.训诫,说教,布道
serpentine
蜿蜒的,移动上象蛇的
setback
挫折,退步,逆流
settle
安家,定居
settled
固定的
sever
v.切断
sextant
六分仪
shabby
破旧的,褴褛的
shade
阴影;轻微的区别
shaft
柄
shaving
刨花
sheaf
捆,束
shear
v.剪,修剪,剪切
shed
vt.流出,发散
shelve
vt.置于架子上,搁置
sheriff
n.郡治安官,州长
shield
盾;vt保护;防御
shimmer
vi闪光,发闪烁之微光
shipwright
造船工人
shoot
嫩芽
shoplift
vt,vi,从商店中偷商品
shoulder
路肩
showpiece
展出品,样品
showy
艳丽的,炫耀的
shriek
v.尖声叫喊
shrill
尖声的
shrink
v.收缩
shrub
灌木
shuffle
拖着脚走;洗牌
shunt
(使列车)转轨
sibilant
发出咝咝声的
sibyl
n.女巫,女算命师
sidesplitting
令人捧腹大笑的
sidestep
向侧方跨步;回避
(反)confront directly 直接面对
silt
淤泥,泥沙
similarity
n.类似,类似处
simulation
n.仿真,假装;模拟
simultaneous
同时的,同时发生的
sinecure
挂名职务,闲职
sinew
n.肌肉,充沛的力量
sinewy
强壮有力的
singe
v.烧焦,烤焦
singularity
n.单一,异常,奇异
sinister
恶意的; 凶兆的,不祥的
skein
n.(一)束,(一)群,一团糟(例)a twisted skein of lies,一连串的谎言
sketchy
粗略的,大体上的
skew
歪斜的
skiff
小船
skillet
煎锅
skyscraper
摩天大楼
sky-rocket
猛升,急速增长
slack
松弛的,懈怠的
slacken
使缓慢,使松懈
slanderous
诽谤性的
slaver
vi.垂涎,淌口水
slay
v,杀,杀死
sledge
雪橇
sleigh
有座雪橇
slice
薄片; 切成薄片
slippage
滑动,下降
slither
vi.不稳地滑动
sliver
细片,长条
(反)slab
厚板
slobber
口水;v,淌口水
slot
投币口;狭孔
slough
蛇蜕皮
slue
slew的变体;旋转
sluice
n.水闸v,流出,冲洗
slump
v 跌落;(物价)暴跌
smirch
v.弄脏 n.污迹
smooth
平滑的vt.使光滑,烫平
smudge
v.弄脏
snappish
易怒的:脾气暴躁的
snappy
精力充沛的
snatch
v,抢夺,攫取
sneaking
偷偷摸摸的
snide
讥讽的,含沙射影的
snob
势利的人
snowdrift
雪堆
snug
温暖舒适的
snuggle
v.偎依
soar
飞;翱翔;骤升
sobriety
严肃;清醒;节制
sojourn
v.逗留
solidarity
n.团结
solo
单独的n.独奏曲
soluble
可溶的,可溶解的
soot
n.煤烟,烟灰
sop
v.浸泡n.面包片
sopping
浑身湿透的
souse
v 浸泡
souvenir
n.纪念品
sovereign
n.君主,统治
sovereignty
n.君主,主权,主权国家
spacious
宽敞的,开阔的
span
跨度
spank
vt.打...的屁股,拍击
sparing
节俭的
spark
火花,火星
sparkle
v.发火花,(使)闪耀
sparring
拳击
spasm
痉挛;(感情)的突然迸发
spatula
抹刀
spawn
v.产卵
spear
n.矛,枪
specialize
vi.专攻,专门研究
specimen
n.范例,标本
spell
一段时间
spiritual
精神上的
spite
n怨恨;(i n ~ of)不顾,不管
splash
v.溅,泼,溅湿
splashy
溅洒的,炫耀的
splendor
n.光彩,壮观,杰出
splendid
壮丽的,辉煌的
split
v.劈开
spongy
像海绵的,松软多孔的
spool
线轴
spout
v.喷出,滔滔不绝地讲
sprawl
v,四肢伸开的躺卧
sprig
n.小枝
sprinkling
少量,小量;零星喷洒
sprinkler
洒水车,洒水装置
sprint
全速短跑,全速冲刺
sprout
v.萌芽
squash
把…压碎,压烂
squat
v.蹲坐,蹲伏
squeeze
v.压榨,挤,挤榨
squirrel
松鼠
stab
刺,戳
stagger
摇晃,蹒跚
staggering
令人震惊的(吃惊到摇晃)
stagy
舞台的,做作的
stain
玷污;染色
stake
柱,桩;赌注
stale
不新鲜的,陈腐的
stance
站姿;立场;态度
stanch
vt.使止血
standstill
停止,停顿
staple
主要产品;订书钉
stapler
订书机
starchy
刻板的,含淀粉的
starch
淀粉
star-crossed
时运不济的
stark
生硬的,完全的
(例)stark nonsense完全胡说
starve
vt.使饿死
starvation
饥饿,饿死
stationery
文具
比较:stationary
静止的,固定的
statue
雕像
statuary
雕像
statuette
小雕像
stature
身材
status
地位
statutory
法定的
statute
法规,法令
stem
茎
stern
严厉的,苛刻的n.船尾
stimulant
n.刺激物
stimulate
v.刺激,激励
sting
刺,蚊虫叮咬
stink
v.发出臭味
stock
n.存货,树桩,股票,家畜
stocky
树桩一样,矮胖粗壮的
stock 2
常备的;平常的
stock 3
v,储存,储备;供应
stoop
v,屈身,弯腰;俯首
stout
肥胖的,强壮的
straightforward
正直的,坦率的
straightforwardly
adv.正直地
stratagem
n.战略,计谋
stratum
地层,社会阶层
复数:strata
streak
条纹 v,加上条纹
stream
n.(小)河;溪流
strengthen
v.加强,巩固
strenuous
艰巨的,发奋的
stressful
充满压力的
stretch
v.伸展,伸长
striated
有条纹的
strife
斗争,冲突
stroke
一击;打击v.抚摩
stroll
v.闲逛,漫步
stubborn
顽固的
studied
慎重的,装出来的
studio
画室,照相室,工作室
stuffy
不通气的;枯燥无味的
来自stuff
填塞
stumble
v.绊倒,蹒跚
stupefy
使失去知觉;使惊奇
(记)来自stupid 跟汉语惊呆,吓傻了有点象。
stupendous
惊人的,巨大的
stutter
口吃,结结巴巴
sublimate
使升华,使崇高
sublime
崇高的
submit
使屈服;提交
suborn
收买,贿赂
sub+orn(装饰)→私下里帮忙装修→收买,贿赂
subscribe
v.捐款,订阅
substitute
替代物,代用品
substratum
地基
stratum
层,社会阶层
subsume
包含,包容
subterranean
地下的
terr地terrain地形
terrace梯田
subtraction
减去,减少
subvention
补助金,津贴
succulent
多汁的,多水分的
来自suck吸,吮
succumb
vi.屈服,屈从,死
suffice
vi.足够,充足,有能力
sufficient
充分的,足够的
suggestible
易受建议影响的
suggestive
提示的,暗示的
suitcase
手提箱
sultry
闷热的
summarily
概括地
summary
摘要,概要
superb
华丽的,极好的
superintend
监督,管理
superiority
优越
supernatural
超自然的
supervise
监督
supreme
最高的,至高无上的
surge
波动
surpass
超越
surplus
过剩的
surrealism
超现实主义
surrogate
代用品,代理人
surveyor
测量员,检查员
survive
v.幸免于,幸存
susceptible
易受影响的
susceptibility
易感性(反)immunity
suspense
悬念,挂念]
suspicious
可疑的,怀疑的
sustain
继续生存;维持,支撑
sustained
持续的,持久的
sustenance
食物,生计
swallow
吞下,咽下
swamp
沼泽,湿地
sway
摇摆,摇动
swell
膨胀,肿胀
swirl
旋转,漩涡
参考:whirl旋转
sympathetic
同情的
syndrome
n.综合病症
synthetic
合成的,综合的
systematic
系统的,体系的
table
vt.搁置,推迟考虑
(反)consider
tablecloth
桌布
tableland
高地,高原
taboo
禁忌,避讳
tack
大头针,图钉
tacky
有些粘的
tackiness agent
胶粘剂
tactile
触觉的,有触觉的
tailor
裁缝
taking
迷人的,楚楚动人的
tame
驯服的,柔顺的
tamper
篡改
来自temper锻造
tan
鞣(革);晒黑
tanner
制革工人
tangle
使…纠结;纠缠
tango
探戈
tanker
油轮
tariff
关税
tart
酸的,辛辣的
technocrat
技术官僚
teem
v,充满
temper
性情,脾气v,锻造
tempo
速度,节奏
temporize
v.见风驶舵; 敷衍
tenant
房客,租客
tend
vt.照管,护理
tension
n.紧张
termite
白蚁
terrace
梯田
terrapin
水龟,泥龟
terrestrial
地球的;长在陆地上的
text
正文,原文,课文
texture
质地,纹理
thermal
热的,热量的
thermometer
温度计,体温计
thrash
v,鞭打
thrifty
adj.节约的
thrive
v.兴旺,繁荣
throne
王座,王位
thrust
vt.力推,冲vi刺,戳
tickler
致痒物;备忘录
timber
木材,木料
timbre
音品,音色
timely
及时的,适时的
tinder
易燃物,火绒
tire
劳累,轮胎
tissue
薄纱,细胞组织
titanic
巨大的
泰坦尼克都知道吧
tolerate
vt.忍受,容忍
tombstone
墓石,墓碑
topmost
最高的,顶端的
torment
v.折磨n.痛苦
torture
vt.拷问,曲解,折磨
totalitarian
极权主义的
totter
vi.蹒跚,踉跄
touching
动人的,令人同情的
touchy
暴躁的,易发火的
touchstone
试金石,标准
toupee
男子假发
谐音:头皮;联想:假发戴在头皮上
tournament
比赛,锦标赛
towering
高耸的,杰出的
toxin
毒素
traceable
可追踪的,起源于
track
n.轨迹,车辙,跟踪
trade
n.贸易;职业,行业
trademark
商标
tragedian
悲剧演员,悲剧作家
trait
显著的特点,特性
traitor
叛逆者,叛国者
tramp
v.重步行走,踏,践
trample
v.践踏,踩坏,轻视
transaction
办理,处理,交易
transcribe
vt抄写,誊写; 改编
transform
vt.转换,使...变形
transfuse
vt.注入,灌输,输血
transition
过渡;变迁
transmit
vt.传输,转送
transmute
v.改变
transplant
v.移植,移种,移民
transportation
n.运输,运送
transpose
vt.调换,颠倒顺序
travelogue
旅行见闻讲座
trawl
v.用拖网捕鱼
tread
v.踩,踏,践踏
treason
叛逆,通敌,叛国罪
treasurer
财务员,出纳员
treatise
论文,论述
tremendous
极大的,巨大的
tremor
震动,颤动
tremulous
震颤的
trench
沟渠,堑壕
trend
倾向,趋势
trial
试验;审讯,审判
tribulation
n.苦难,忧患,磨难
tributary
进贡的 附庸的 支流的
trickery
n.欺骗
trident
三叉戟式飞机
trifle
琐事
trigger
vt.引发,触发n.板机
trilogy
三部剧,三部曲
trim
整齐的vt.整理,修整
trinket
n.小装饰品,琐物
tripod
三脚架
truant
n.逃避者
truancy
n.逃避
truism
自明之理
trumpery
n.中看不中用的东西
trumpet
n.喇叭
truncated
缩短了的
truncate
把…截短
trunk
树干
tuber
块茎,突起
tusk
象牙
tussle
vi,格斗,扭打
tutelage
n.监护
参考:tutor导师
tuxedo
礼服,燕尾服
twaddle
废话,闲聊;胡说八道
twig
嫩枝,小枝
twinge
v,感到剧痛,刺痛
tycoon
企业界大亨,将军
来自日语“太君”
typhoon
台风
ulcerate
v.溃烂
ulterior
较远的,将来的
ult高,远
exult欢跃,狂喜
ultramundane
超俗的
unabashed
不害羞的
unadvised
轻率,未曾受到劝告的
unaffected
不矫揉造作的,自然的
unalloyed
纯粹的
unarticulated
不善表达,发音不清的
unassuming
谦逊的,不装腔作势的
unavailing
无效的
unbecoming
不合身的
unbidden
未受邀请的
unblemished
没有瑕疵或污点的
unbridled
放肆的
uncharted
海图上未标明的
uncommitted
不承担义务的
uncommon
不凡的,罕有的
unconcern
冷淡,不关心
unconscionable
不受良心控制的;肆无忌惮的
unconscious
不省人事,无意识的
unconventional
反传统的;不寻常的
undemanding
容易的,要求不高的
underbid
vi.叫价过低
underdog
失败者,受压迫者
underling
部下,下属
underwrite
签名,承诺支付
undesirable
不合需要,不受欢迎的
undulate
v.波动,起伏
unearth
v.掘出
unearthly
非尘世的,神秘的
unfaltering
稳步的,坚决的
unfasten
vt.解开,放松
unfathomed
难理解的;不能了解的
unfeigned
真实的
unfettered
无拘无束的
unflappable
不易惊慌的,镇定的
unfounded
没有事实根据的
ungrudging
慷慨的,情愿的
unguent
油膏
unicorn
独角兽,麒麟
unidimensional
线性的,一维的
unification
n.统一,一致
uniform
统一的n.制服
uniformity
一致,均匀
unify
vt.统一,使成一体
unilateral
单方面,单边的
unimpeachable
无懈可击的
unimpressive
印象淡薄的
unique
唯一的,独特的
unison
和谐,一致
univocal
单一意思,意义明确的
unjustifiable
不合道理,无法辩护的
unobtrusive
不醒目的,不显眼的
unpalatable
味道差的,不好吃的
unprecedented
空前的
unpremeditated
非预谋的
unprepossessing
不吸引人的,不妩媚的
unpretentious
不骄傲的,谦逊的
unprovoked
生气无缘无故的
unravel
拆开;解开;松开
unregenerate
不悔改的
unremitting
坚持不懈的
unrepentant
不后悔的,不懊悔的
unrepressed
未受抑制的
unrequited
无报答的,无报酬的
unreserved
无保留的,不拘谨的
unscathed
未被伤害的
unscented
无气味的
unscrupulous
肆无忌惮的,
unseemly
不体面的,不适宜的
unsound
不健全的
untapped
塞子未开的,未使用的
unversed
不精通的,不熟练的
unwieldy
笨拙的
unwind
解开;松开
upheaval
n.剧变
upheave
v.举起
upright
垂直的,正直的
uproar
骚动,骚乱
upstage
傲慢的,冷漠超然的
upstart
暴发户
upsurge
增长,急剧上升
utensil
器具
utilize
vt.利用
vain
虚荣的,空虚的
valve
阀;活门
vampire
吸血鬼
vanguard
前锋,先锋,领导者
vanilla
香草,香子兰
vascular
血管的;脉管的
vehicle
交通工具,车辆
veil
面纱,面罩
velocity
速度,速率
vengeance
n.复仇,报仇
ventilate
vt.使通风
verge
n.边缘
verification
n.确认,查证,作证
vermin
害虫,寄生虫
verse
韵文,诗
versemonger
拙劣诗人,打油诗人
vertebrate
脊椎动物
vestment
外衣,制服
vibrant
充满活力的,振动的
vibration
n.振动,颤动
vicinity
n.邻近,附近
vile
卑鄙的,可耻的
vinegared
酸的,尖刻的
vinegar醋
violet
紫罗兰
viral
病毒的
来自virus病毒
virile
有男子气概的
virtue
美德,优点
visage
面貌,容貌
vocal
声音的
vocalist
歌手
vocation
才能,行业,职业
vogue
时尚,时髦,流行
void
空的,没有东西的
vortex
n.旋涡,旋风
voyeur
窥淫狂病人
wade
vi.跋涉
wage
工资vt进行,开展,发起
wail
vi.悲叹,哀号
waive
放弃,不坚持,取消
wanton
顽皮的,放纵的
谐音“顽童”
warden
典狱官,看守人
warehouse
n.仓库,货栈,大商店
waterproof
防水的,不透水的
wavelength
波长
waver
vi.摇摆,颤抖,摆动
weld
vt.焊接
well-groomed
被小心照料的,梳洗得整洁的
well-informed
消息灵通,见闻广博的
whelm
v.淹没
whirlpool
漩涡,涡流,混乱
whisper
vi.耳语,密谈
whistle
口哨,汽笛声
willful
任性的,故意的
wily
诡计多端的;狡猾的
wink
vi.眨眼,使眼色
wither
vi.枯萎,衰退
withstand
vt.抵挡,经受住
witness
目击者
witty
机智的,诙谐的
wizen
凋谢的,枯萎的
woe
n.悲哀
woeful
悲伤的,悲哀的
wont
adj.惯于,常常
woodcutter
木版雕刻师
woodpile
木料堆
wordsmith
语言艺术家
wreathe
v,缠绕,做成环状
wreckage
残骸
wrench
vi.猛扭,绞痛
wrist
n.手腕,腕关节
writ
文书,书面命令
wrongdoing
坏事,不道德行为
wrongheaded
固执的,坚持错误的
xenophobe
n,排外,惧外者
yacht
游艇,快艇
yarn
n.纱,纱线
yawn
v.打呵欠
yield
v.出产,屈服,屈从
zealous
热心的
zoology
动物学
蓝宝偏僻单词(一)(偏僻名词)
主词
解释
备注1
备注2
aluminium
铝
amethyst
紫水晶
amphibian
两栖动物
anagram
变形词
anatomy
解剖学
anemia
贫血症
a+nem血→没血的病→贫血
anodyne
止痛药
anorexia
厌食症
Antarctica
南极洲
anthem
圣歌,赞美诗
anthropoid
类人猿
anthropology
人类学
antibiotic
抗生素
antibody
抗体
antigen
抗原
antihistamine
抗组胺剂
anvil
铁砧
aorta
主动脉
aperture
孔,缝隙
apex
顶点,最高点
aphasia
失语症
apogee
远地点
apothegm
格言
apparatus
器械,仪器,设备
apparition
幽灵
appendage
附加物
appendix
附录
appetizer
开胃食品
apposition
同位语
apprentice
学徒
arabesque
阿拉伯图饰
arcade
拱廊
archaeology
考古学
archaism
古词,古语
archer
射手,弓箭手
architect
建筑师
arctic
北极,北极圈
arena
竞技场,舞台
aristocrat
贵族
arithmetic
算术,算法
armada
舰队
armory
兵工厂,军械库
arsonist
纵火犯
arthritis
关节炎
artillery
炮兵
artisan
工匠
asparagus
芦笋
asphyxiate
窒息
asteroid
小行星
asthma
哮喘
astigmatism
散光
astrolabe
星盘
atheism
无神论
atlas
地图集
auger
螺丝钻
aureole
日冕,光环
aurora
极光
authoritarian
专制者,独裁者
autopsy
尸体解剖,验尸
avalanche
雪崩
aviary
大鸟笼
azure
天蓝色
backdrop
背景幕布
bail
保释金
ballerina
芭蕾舞女
barbecue
吃烤肉的野餐
bard
吟游诗人
barometer
气压计
baron
男爵,巨头
barrister
律师
bassoon
低音管,巴松管
baton
指挥棒,警棍
bauble
小玩意儿
bauxite
铝土矿
beacon
灯塔,烽火
beater
搅拌器
beaver
水獭
beet
甜菜
bevy
一群girls or women
billow
巨浪
bin
大箱子
biped
两足动物
birch
白桦树
bivouac
露营,野营
blouse
宽松衬衫
bludgeon
大头棒
bog
沼泽
bonnet
女帽,童帽
botany
植物学
bough
大树枝
boudoir
闺房
boulder
大石头
bower
凉亭
bracelet
手镯
brink
峭壁边缘
brindle
斑点,有斑纹动物
brocade
织锦,锦缎
broker
经纪人
brooch
胸针
brunt
冲击,影响
brushwork
绘画,画法
buckle
皮带扣环
bud
花蕾
bugaboo
鬼怪,妖怪
buggy
轻型马车
bulb
植物球茎,灯泡
bullion
金条,金块,银条
bulwark
壁垒,防波堤
cactus
仙人掌
cadaver
死尸
cadence
节奏,韵律
cadet
军校生
calamity
灾难,不幸
calculus
微积分学,结石
caldron
大锅
calibre
口径;品德,才能
calorimeter
热量计
canker
溃疡,腐败
cannibal
食人者
cannibalism
同类相食
canto
长诗中的篇
cape
海角;披肩
capillary
毛细血管
capitation
人头税
carafe
玻璃瓶
carapace
甲壳,龟壳
carcinogen
致癌物质
cardiologist
心脏病专家
carillon
编钟
carnage
大屠杀
carnation
康乃馨
carnival
狂欢节
carnivore
食肉动物
carol
颂歌,赞美诗
carrion
腐肉
cascade
小瀑布
caste
种性制度,等级制度
cataclysm
灾难,大洪水
catapult
弹弓
cataract
大瀑布
caterpillar
毛虫
catharsis
宣泄
cathartic
泻药
caucus
高层秘密会议
cavalry
骑兵
centaur
人头马怪物
celibate
独身者
cellar
地窖,酒窖
cello
大提琴
cemetery
墓地,公墓
centurion
百人队长
cereal
谷类
cerebrum
大脑
chalice
杯,圣餐杯
chandelier
树枝形装饰灯
chant
圣歌
chantey
船夫曲,水手歌
chapel
小礼拜堂
charisma
超凡魅力,领袖气质
chassis
汽车底盘
cheetah
猎豹
chipmunk
花栗鼠
chiromancy
手相术
chisel
凿子
chore
家务杂事
chortle
咯咯笑
chromosome
染色体
chronometer
计时器
chrysanthemum
菊花
cinder
煤渣,灰烬
circlet
小圆圈,圆形饰物
clapper
鼓掌者,铃锤
claustrophobia
幽闭恐惧症
clipper
大剪刀
cloister
修道院
cob
雄天鹅,玉米棒子
cobbler
皮匠,补鞋匠
cocoon
茧
codicil
遗嘱的附录
coffer
保险柜
cognomen
姓,名字(尤指绰号)
collage
抽象拼贴画
collateral
担保物,旁系亲属
colloquialism
俗语,白话
colloquy
谈话,会话
colloquium
讨论会
colon
冒号
coloration
染色,着色
comedienne
喜剧女演员
comestible
食物,食品
commentary
解说词,注释
conclave
秘密或机密的会议
condiment
调味品
condor
秃鹰,秃鹫
conduit
渠道,管道
cone
圆锥体,锥形物
confection
糖果
conflagration
大火,大火灾
consanguinity
血亲,血缘
conspectus
概论,大纲
contraband
违禁品,走私
cornice
檐口
corpus
尸体,文集
corpuscle
血球,物理微粒
couch
沙发
cougar
美洲豹
covenant
契约,盟约
crate
板条箱
cravat
领结,领巾
crayon
蜡笔,粉笔画
credo
信条
croak
呱呱叫(如蛙和鸦)
crochet
钩针编织品
crockery
陶器,瓦器
crustacean
甲壳类动物
crypt
地下室
cub
幼兽,年轻人
cubicle
小书房,小卧室
cuff
袖口,手铐
cumulus
积云
curd
凝块,凝乳
curfew
宵禁
cushion
坐垫
cuticle
表皮
cutlery
餐具
cygnet
小天鹅
cynosure
北极星,注意焦点
cypress
柏树
cytology
细胞学
dagger
短剑,匕首
dainty
美食
den
兽穴
denizen
居民
dermatologist
皮肤科医生
diabetes
糖尿病
dictum
格言
dietetics
营养学
dimple
酒窝,涟漪
dinghy
小舢板,小游艇
dipsomania
嗜酒狂
discography
唱片分类目录
disquisition
专题论文
dissertation
论文
diva
歌剧的首席女主角
dome
圆屋顶
dossier
档案,卷宗
down
绒毛,软毛
dowry
嫁妆
drawbridge
吊桥
dredge
挖泥机,挖泥船
dregs
渣滓,糟粕
drove
兽群
dummy
傀儡,假人
dunce
傻瓜
dynamite
炸药
ecdysis
蜕皮,蜕化
eclogue
牧歌,田园诗
effigy
雕像,肖像
electorate
全体选民
elixir
长生不老药,万灵药
elocution
雄辩术,演说术
elysium
极乐世界
emblem
象征,符号
embryo
胚胎
emerald
翡翠
emolument
薪水,报酬
enclave
飞地(被他国包围)
entomology
昆虫学
entourage
环境,随从
environs
视角,郊外
equestrian
骑手
esophagus
食道
estuary
河口,江口
ethnography
民族志学,人种学
ethos
民族精神
etymology
语源学
eucalyptus
桉树
exchequer
国库,财政部
exogamy
异族通婚
facade
建筑物的正面,外表
facet
小平面,方面
factotum
杂役,打杂的人
falcon
猎鹰
fanfare
号角声,夸耀性游行
farrow
一窝小猪
fascia
饰带;招牌
fauna
动物群,动物区系
fern
蕨类植物
fetish
偶像,恋物情结
make a fetish of盲目崇拜
fig
无花果
fillet
发带;鱼片
fili丝→丝状的物品→发带,鱼片
flak
高射炮;指责
flange
边缘,轮缘,凸缘
flannel
法兰绒
flask
瓶,长颈瓶,烧瓶
flatulence
肠胃气胀
fleck
斑点,雀斑
fleece
羊毛;vt.骗取,诈取
flora
花神;植物群
florescence
开花,全盛期,花期
flotsam
漂浮残骸
flounder
比目鱼
foil
箔,金属薄片;钝剑
forte
长处
fosse
壕沟,护城河
foyer
休息室,大厅
freak
怪诞的思想、行动或事件
freckle
雀斑,斑点
fretwork
浮雕细工
frond
蕨类植物的叶子
fulcrum
杠杆的支点
functionary
公务员;小职员
furlough
休假(记)fur=for+lough=laugh→为了找乐→休假
gaggle
鹅群
gambit
第一着棋,起手着法;开场白;一开始的策略
gamut
全音阶;一个领域的全部知识
gander
雄鹅,呆子,笨蛋
gangrene
坏疽
gargoyle
怪兽状滴水嘴
garland
花环
garret
顶楼
gastriitis
胃炎
gastr词根:胃
gastronomy
美食法,烹饪法
gazetteer
地名辞典,记者
genealogy
家系学,系谱学
gentry
贵族,绅士,上等人
geometrician
几何学者
gerontology
老人医学
gerontocracy
老人政治
girdle
腰带,带状物
girth
腰身,肚带,周长
gloaming
薄明,黄昏
glucose
葡萄糖
gnome
格言,箴言,土地神
goblet
高脚玻璃杯,酒杯
gong
锣
谐音锣声“咣”
gorgon
丑陋可怕的女人
gorilla
大猩猩;歹徒
gosling
小鹅,愚蠢而无经验的人
gospel
福音书,信条,教义
graphite
石墨
grenade
手榴弹
gridiron
烤架,格状物
gristle
软骨
grit
砂,砂砾v咬紧牙关
guillotine
断头台
gulch
激流峡谷,狭小深谷
guru
古鲁,印度教领袖;(受下属崇敬的)领袖
gustation
味觉
gusto
爱好
gutter
水槽,排水沟
gynaecocracy
妇女当政,女权政治
halo
日月的晕轮,光环
hangar
飞机修理库
hanger
绞刑执行者,衣架
harpsichord
大键琴
harridan
悍妇,鬼婆
hatchet
短柄斧
hawser
粗绳用于系泊,缆绳
heliotrope
向日葵
helot
(古希腊的)奴隶
希洛人
hemophilia
血友病
hemorrhage
出血,大出血
hemostat
止血钳子,止血剂
hepatitis
肝炎
hilt
柄,刀把
hippopotamus
河马
histology
[生物]组织学
holocaust
大毁灭,大屠杀
holograph
亲笔信
holster
手枪用的皮套
homeopathy
顺势疗法
homiletics
说教术
homograph
同形异义字
hoof
蹄
hoop
箍,铁环,戒指
horology
测时法,钟表制造术
howler
吼叫的人或动物
huckster
小贩
hunk
食物的大块,大片
hunk of bread大片面包
hypertension
高血压
hyphen
连字符号“—”
hypochondria
忧郁症
hypotenuse
直角三角形的斜边
icicle
冰柱
icing
糖衣
imbecile
低能者
impasse
僵局
imprecation
诅咒,咒语
incisor
门牙
incubus
梦魇,沉重的负担
cub睡;参考:incubate孵化
indentation
呈锯齿状,缺口
indenture
契约
infantry
步兵,步兵团
insignia
勋章,徽章
insulin
胰岛素
iota
希腊语字母第 9位,极微小
iodine
碘,碘酒
jigsaw puzzle
七巧板,拼图玩具
jockey
骑师
kernel
核;仁;核心
kennel
狗窝
kleptomania
盗窃癖
knoll
小山,小圆丘
lagoon
泻湖
lair
兽穴,窝
laity
俗家弟子;外行
lapidary
宝石商
lasso
(捕牛、马用的)套索
latch
门闩
lattice
格子木架
leash
拴狗颈的皮带
unleash
v.释放
lectern
(教堂中的)诵经台
ledger
帐簿
legerdemain
戏法,巧妙的花招
leprosy
麻疯病
ligature
绷带
limestone
石灰石
litter
垃圾
liturgy
礼拜仪式
loam
肥田,沃土
lobe
耳垂,肺叶
locution
语言风格
logistics
后勤学
loon
愚人,疯子
loop
环,圈
lore
知识
mackintosh
马金托什雨衣;一种胶布雨衣
madrigal
小曲
maestro
艺术大师,名作曲家
magenta
红紫色,洋红
magistrate
地方官员
magnate
巨头,富豪
magpie
喜鹊,饶舌之人
maize
玉米
mallet
木槌,大头锤
manacle
手铐
mannequin
服装模特,人体模型
mantle
披风,斗蓬
marionette
牵线木偶
marrow
髓,骨髓,精华
martyr
烈士,殉教者
mausoleum
陵墓
mayhem
故意的伤害罪
maze
迷宫
measles
麻疹,风疹
megalomania
自大狂
memento
纪念品
memorial
纪念馆,纪念碑
menthol
薄荷醇
methanol
甲醇
meritorious
值得赞扬的
metabolism
新陈代谢
metaphysics
形而上学,玄学
miasma
沼气,瘴气
midget
侏儒
militia
民兵
millennium
千年,千禧
millinery
女帽
minnow
鲦鱼(一种小淡水鱼)
misnomer
名字的误用
misogamy
厌恶结婚
misogynist
厌恶女人的人
mistral
寒冷的西北风
moat
护城河,壕沟
mollusk
软体动物
monastery
男修道院;僧院
monogamy
一夫一妻制
monograph
专题论文
monomania
偏执狂
monsoon
季风
moor
旷野
moron
低能儿,笨人
morsel
食物一口,小量
mortality
死亡率
mortuary
太平间
municipality
市政当局
muniments
契约,房契
mushroom
蘑菇v.迅速增长
narcotic
催眠药
natation
游泳
necropolis
大墓地,公墓
nectar
花蜜,神酒
nemesis
报应;复仇女神
nephritis
肾炎
nestling
未离巢的幼鸟
nib
钢笔尖
neutron
中子
nick
小伤口,刻痕
niche
壁龛;合适的环境
niggard
吝啬鬼
nippers
钳子,镊子
nonesuch
无以匹敌的人,典范
nonpareil
无匹敌的人
noose
绳套,绞索
nova
新星
novice
新手
numismatician
钱币收藏家
nunnery
女修道院,尼姑庵
nymph
仙女,美女
obelisk
方尖石碑
obsequies
葬礼
octogenarian
八十岁,八十多岁
odometer
里程表
ointment
油膏,软膏,药膏
omelet
煎蛋卷
oncologist
肿瘤学家
ontology
本体论,实体论
onus
责任,负担
operetta
小歌剧
ophthalmology
眼科学
opiate
鸦片剂
optometrist
验光师
opus
作品
oratorio
清唱剧
oratory
讲演术
orchid
兰,兰花
ordnance
军火
orgy
纵酒狂欢,放荡
orifice
孔,口
orthodontics
畸齿矫正(术)
ostrich
鸵鸟;回避现实的人(鸵鸟政策)
otter
水獭,水獭皮
pane
长方块,尤指窗格玻璃
pantheon
万神殿
panther
豹,黑豹
papyrus
莎草,莎草制成的纸
parabola
抛物线
parchment
羊皮纸,毕业文凭
parley
会谈
parvenu
暴发户
pastel
彩色蜡笔
patriarchy
家长统治,父权制
patrimony
祖传的财物
pecan
美洲山核桃
pedigree
血统,家谱
penicillin
青霉素(盘尼西林)
peninsula
半岛
pennant
(船上用的)信号旗
percussion
打击乐器
peregrination
游历,旅行
egri=agri土地
perigee
近地点
periscope
潜望镜
petroglyph
岩石雕刻
pharmacist
配药者,药剂师
pharmacology
药理学
phial
小玻璃瓶,药瓶
photosynthesis
光合作用
phylogeny
发展史
phylum
(生物分类学上的)门
piazza
广场,露天市场
pilgrimage
朝圣者的旅途
pincers
钳子,螯
pitcher
大水罐
pitfall
陷阱,隐藏的危险
plank
厚木板,政策要点
pliers
钳子,老虎钳
plinth
柱基,方形底座
plumbing
管道设备
pneumonia
肺炎
pod
豆荚
podium
乐队指挥台,讲台
poetaster
打油诗人,蹩脚诗人
poltroon
胆小鬼
polyandry
一妻多夫
polygamy
一夫多妻
polyglot
通晓多种语言者
polymath
博学者
poncho
斗蓬,雨披
poniard
短剑,匕首
populace
平民
porcupine
豪猪
porridge
麦片粥
portraiture
肖像画,肖像画画法
posse
民团,民兵
potpourri
大杂烩,杂文集
prank
恶作剧
precept
箴言;格言
prelate
高级教士
prestidigitation
变戏法
proboscis
(大象等的)长鼻
progenitor
祖先,起源
progeny
后裔
propinquity
接近,临近;近似
provenance
起源,出处
provender
粮草
psalmody
赞美诗
psephology
选举学
psyche
精神或灵魂
puberty
青春期
puddle
水坑,污水坑
pulpit
讲坛
punctuation
标点,标点符号
pygmy
矮人,侏儒
quadruped
四足动物
quagmire
沼泽,湿地
quantum
量子,量子论
美国昆腾公司,是世界著名硬盘生产商
quay
码头
quintessence
精萃,精华,典范
quiver
箭袋;颤抖
quorum
法定人数
rattlesnake
响尾蛇 参考:rattle v.发出卡嗒卡嗒声,喋喋不休;使慌乱
ravine
沟壑,峡谷
rawhide
生牛皮
refectory
食堂,餐厅
regent
摄政者,董事
rendering
表演,演出
rendezvous
约会
requiem
安魂祢撒,安魂曲
reticulation
网状物
reticule
手提袋,网兜
rhapsody
狂想曲
rhinestone
莱茵石,水晶之一种
rhubarb
大黄
ringlet
小圈,小环,卷发
rubble
碎石
rung
地位,梯子的横档
saber
军刀,马刀
sandal
凉鞋,便鞋
sapphire
兰宝石
sash
肩带
scapegoat
替罪羊
scenario
情节梗概,电视剧
scoundrel
无赖,恶棍
screed
冗长,单调的说话或者文章
scuttle
天窗,气窗;舷窗盖
serenade
小夜曲
sewer
排水沟,下水道
shack
小屋;简陋的小屋
shambles
屠宰场,混乱的地方
shanty
n.简陋小屋,棚屋
shawl
披肩,围巾
sheath
刀剑的鞘
shibboleth
[] 特有用语(将不同群体分离出来);口号,标语
shingle
木瓦
shrew
泼妇
shroud
裹尸布
sill
基石,门槛,窗台
simian
猿
simile
(修辞)明喻,直喻
sinkhole
污水池
sizzler
极烫的东西,大热天
拟声词“嗞嗞”火烧的声音。
skulduggery
欺骗,作假,舞弊
skunk
臭鼬
slag
矿渣,炉渣
sledgehammer
长柄大锤
sleight
技巧,手法,诡计
sod
草地
solecism
语法错误
soprano
女高音
sow
大母猪vi.播种
spackle
填泥料
斯百克填料一种涂料粉的商标
spangle
(缝在衣服上做装饰用的)发光的小金属片
specter
幽灵
spike
长钉,大钉;高跟鞋
spinster
未婚妇女,老处女
spoor
动物的行踪或踪迹
spore
孢子
spruce
云杉 adj.整洁的
spunk
勇气,胆量
steeple
尖塔
steer
食用牛(一种年轻公牛)
stenography
速记,速记法
stethoscope
听诊器
stiletto
一种小剑
suede
表面粗糙的软皮革
supernova
超新星
swine
猪,卑贱的人
symposium
讨论会,座谈会
syncopate
词中省略(通过省略某词中间的一个音、字母或音节来缩短该词;如 boatswain省略为 bos'n)
syringe
注射器
tachometer
转速计,流速计
tare
莠草;杂草
tassel
流苏,穗
thatch
茅草屋顶
thicket
灌木丛
throwback
返祖现象
tongs
钳子
topography
地形学
torpedo
鱼雷
torso
(人体的)躯干
trajectory
(射线的) 轨道,弹道
trapeze
秋千
troth
婚约
umpire
仲裁人,裁判员
upholstery
室内装潢
usher
引座员,招待员
valetudinarian
体弱多病的人
vendetta
族间血仇,宿怨
venison
野味,鹿肉
verdigris
铜绿,碱性碳酸铜
veterinarian
兽医
vintner
葡萄酒商
viola
中提琴
walrus
海象
weasel
黄鼠狼
whelp
幼兽,小狗
whit
些微,一点点
wick
蜡烛心,灯芯
wizardry
魔术技巧
wraith
幽灵
xerophyte
旱生植物
yeoman
自耕农,仆人
zephyr
西风,微风
笔考蓝宝偏僻词汇(二)
actuarial
保险精算的
arraign
v,提问,审讯
asinine
驴的,愚蠢的
askance
adv,斜视
assassination
n,暗杀
avuncular
伯父的
bacchanal
酒神的,狂欢的
bandy
v.来回投,互致问候
bask
v,舒适地晒太阳
baste
v,涂油,狠揍,大骂
bawl
n/v大叫,叫骂
bedraggled
浑身泥污的,湿透的
berserk
狂暴的,疯狂的
bestial
野兽的,残忍的
betroth
v,许配
bewitch
v,施魔法;蛊惑
bicker
v/n斗嘴,口角
bilk
v.诈骗
blare
v,鸣叫(如号声)
bleak
寒冷的,荒凉的
bloat
v.浮肿,膨胀
bombard
v.炮轰
botch
v.修补
bovine
似牛的,迟钝的
bowdlerize
v,删除,修订
brackish
可厌的,有盐味的
brag
吹牛
braggadocio
吹牛大王
brandish
v,挥舞(示威)
brawl
v,争吵,怒骂
brawny
强壮的
broil
v,烤,烧,酷热
brusque
唐突的,粗暴的
bumble
v,弄糟,笨拙地做
buxom
体态丰满的
calculating
诡计多端,筹划的
canine
犬的
cantankerous
脾气坏的
canter
慢跑
caper
雀跃
capsize
倾覆(特指船)
careen
使船倾侧
cauterze
用烙铁烧
celestial
天上的
cephalic
头的
cerebral
脑的,大脑的
chafe
擦热,使恼火
char
烧焦
checkered
色彩多样的
chunk
大块,矮胖之人
chirp
n,喳喳声
ciliate
有睫毛的
cognate
同词源的
cohabit
未婚同居
collate
核实,对照
collateral
平行的,附属的
collected
泰然自若的
communal
公共的
complicity
同谋,共犯
concentric
同中心的
concoct
调制,编造
concomitant
伴随的
concussion
冲击,脑震荡
confide
倾诉
conflate
合并
congenital
天生的,天赋的
conjugal
婚姻的,夫妇间的
connotation
含蓄义,言外之意
connubial
婚姻的,配偶的
consecrate
使神圣
consort
使配对
construe
解释,翻译
convene
召集,集合
convivial
欢乐的,欢宴的
corny
平淡无奇的
corpulent
肥大的,肥胖的
coruscate
v,闪亮
cosy
温暖舒适的
coy
腼腆的,扭捏的
cranky
任性的,怪癖的
crepuscle
黄昏,黎明
cross
脾气坏的,发怒的
crotchety
任性顽固的
cryogenic
低温学的
cuddle
搂抱,拥抱
cupidity
贪心,贪婪
currish
恶意的,野狗似的
dallinace
轻浮,戏弄,调情
dangle
摇摆
daub
涂抹
daubster
拙劣画家
debar
v,阻止
debauch
v,使堕落
debonair
殷勤的,温文尔雅的
debouch
溢出,流出
decamp
士兵离营,逃走
decapitate
v,斩首
deception
n,欺骗,诡计
deciduous
每年落叶的
decimate
大批杀害
declassify
从机密表删除
decompose
使腐烂
decoy
诱骗
deface
损伤外观,使丢面子
defalcate
v,盗用公款
defection
缺点,变节
defray
支出,付出
defunct
死亡的
demarcate
划分边界
demented
发狂的,精神错乱的
demote
v,使降级
demure
娴静的
devolve
v,转移,移交
dishevel
v,使蓬乱,头发凌乱
distrait
心不在焉的
empyreal
苍天的
emulsify
v,使乳化
episodic
结构松散的
equine
马的,象马的
equitation
骑术
erotic
色情的
ersatz
代用的,假的
erstwhile
以前的,往昔的
expatiate
详述,细说
exposition
博览会,展示
expostulate
劝戒,告诫
expropriate
没收,充公
fag
苦干
far-fetched
牵强的,不自然的
fealty
效忠,孝顺
febrile
发烧的,热病的
fiat
n.命令,法令
firebrand
燃烧的木柴,放火者,煽动叛乱者
fitful
断断续续的,一阵阵的,间歇的,不定的
flagellate
vt.鞭打,鞭挞
flagrant
恶名昭著的
flail
n.(打谷用)连枷v.用连枷打,打
flair
才能,本领
flick
v.轻弹,轻轻拂去
flicker
vi.闪动,闪烁,摇动
flighty
轻浮的;反覆无常的
flimsy
轻而薄的
fluffy
绒毛似的,有绒毛的
flunk
n.失败,不及格
flutter
vt.拍(翅),使焦急
footle
vi做蠢事;浪费时间
foray
vi.袭击
foreclose
vt.排除在外;取消抵押品赎回权
forlorn
孤独凄凉的
fray
n.冲突,打架,争论
frisk
vi.欢跃,蹦跳
fritter
消耗;逐渐地减少或浪费
fructify
vt.使结果多或使多产的
fugitive
逃亡的,无常的,易变的(记)fug 词根:逃
fusillade
n/v枪炮齐射,猛射
gabble
vi.急促而不清楚地说话
gaiety
欢乐,欢乐的氛围
参考:gaily
欢乐的
gamely
adv.不屈地,勇敢地
garnish
v.装饰
gastric
adj.胃的
gaunt
憔悴的
genuflect
v屈膝服从
gestate
v.孕育
giggle
v.咯咯地傻笑
gnat
n.小昆虫,小烦扰
gnawing
n.咬,苛责adj,痛苦的,使苦恼的
gorgeous
adj.华丽的,灿烂的
grouch
vi.闹脾气,发牢骚
growl
v.咆哮,发牢骚地说
gruesome
可怕的,可憎的
gutless
无胆量的,没勇气的
guttle
v,贪婪地大吃大喝
haggard
憔悴的
haggle
v,讨价还价
hassle
n.争论或争斗
henpecked
惧内的
hobble
v,蹒跚
hubbub
吵闹声,呐喊声
immolate
vt.牺牲,献出,献祭
impinge
v,撞击,侵犯
impregnable
无法攻取的
pregn拿住 参考:pregnant怀孕的
indent
vi.切割成锯齿状
indite
vt.创作,赋诗
induct
使正式就任,入伍
induction
就职
inebriate
v.灌醉
infest
vt扰乱,成群滋扰
infraction
n.违反,侵害
infringe
v.破坏,侵犯,违反
injunction
n.命令,指令
innuendo
vi.影射
inroad
n.袭击
insidious
阴险的
insolate
vt.曝晒
interlace
vt.使交织,使交错
interlude
暂时休息,幕间休息
internecine
互相残杀,内讧的
invigilate
vi.看守,监考
juncture
n.接合点,危机关头
kaleidoscopic
万花筒的,五花八门的
killjoy
令人扫兴的人
lactic
乳的,乳汁的
laminate
v,切成薄片;轧成薄板
lascivious
好色的,淫荡的
lave
vt.为沐浴,洗
lecherous
淫荡的,色情的
lesion
n.损害,身体的伤害
lewd
淫荡的,猥亵的
liaison
n.联络
libation
n,奠酒祭神仪式;饮酒(记)谐音“李白” 李白好饮酒
ligneous
木质的
limbo
不稳定状态;中间过渡状态
lineaments
面部轮廓
lineal
直系的
linear
线的,成直线的
lingual
语言的,舌的
liquidate
v.清算
littoral
海滨的,沿海的
livid
铅色的,青紫色的
来自liver肝脏
logjam
圆木阻塞,僵局
lukewarm
微温的
lump
肿块
lunatic
疯子;极蠢的
lurid
耀眼的;骇人听闻的
luscious
甘美的
lust
强烈的欲望,性欲
lusty
健壮的,精力充沛的
lynch
私刑处死
谐音“凌迟”:一种残酷刑罚
machiavellian
权谋术的;来自马基雅弗利《君主论》作者
maim
vt.使残废
malfeasance
n,不法行为,渎职
malediction
诅咒,说坏话
malefactor
罪犯,作恶者
maleficent
犯罪的,有害的
mannerism
习性,矫揉造作
maraud
v,抢劫,掠夺
menial
仆人的,卑微的
mesa
平顶山
metropolitan
大都市的
moldy
发霉的
molest
v.骚扰,干扰
molten
v.熔化adj.熔铸的
monetary
钱币的,金钱的
mope
v.闷闷不乐
m+hope没希望→闷闷不乐
mountainous
多山的
mulct
罚金vt.处以罚金
muster
v.集合,聚集
musty
发霉的,霉臭的
mutilate
v.残害
muzzy
头脑糊涂的
nestle
依偎
nethermost
最低的
niggling
琐碎的
nimble
敏捷的
nipping
尖酸的
noncommittal
态度暧昧,不明朗的
nubile
女孩到适婚年龄的
numinous
神的,超自然的
obese
肥胖的,肥大的
obnoxious
不愉快的,讨厌的
occidental
西洋的,西方的
ocular
眼睛的,视觉的
oculist
眼科医生
odyssey
n.长途的冒险旅行
“奥德赛”喜欢长途旅行
offstage
幕后的,后台的
ooze
v,渗出,泄漏
ordain
授神职:命令,规定
orotund
响亮的,洪亮的
osmosis
n.渗透,潜移默化
osseous
骨的,骨质的
otiose
没有用的,多余的
outfox
vt.以计取胜
outrage
n.暴行,侮辱,愤怒
overturn
vt.推翻,颠倒
oxidize
v.(使)氧化
ovoid
卵形的
palaver
vi.空谈,阿谀
paleolithic
旧石器时代的
pamper
v.纵容
pang
n.剧痛,悲痛
panoply
n.全套甲胄,华丽服饰
parlous
靠不住的;危险的
parturition
n.分娩,生产
pasteurize
vt.用巴斯德消毒法灭菌
pastoral
牧人的,田园生活的
pathos
n.痛苦,感伤,悲怅
penultimate
倒数第二的
penumbra
半明半暗不确定的地方
percolate
v,滤出;滴出
perishable
容易腐烂的
perish
毁灭,腐烂
perishing
极冷的,可憎的;要不得的(例)a perishing shame,奇耻大辱。
perky
愉悦的,逍遥自在的
perpetrate
v,犯罪,做坏事
persnickety
趋炎附势的,爱挑剔的
perspire
v.出汗,流汗
pert
别致的,时髦的
perverse
刚愎的,故意作对的
pervert
vt使堕落;误解;曲解
pesky
麻烦的,恼人的
pestilent
致命的
pester
使烦恼,纠缠
pettish
易怒的,闹情绪的
pharisaic
伪善的
phonetic
语音的,语音学的
phony
adj.假冒的n.假冒者
pillage
v.掠夺
pirouette
vi.以脚尖旋转
piscatorial
渔业的,渔民的
plebeian
平民的,卑俗的
plenary
权力无限的、绝对的,(会议)全体出席的
plush
豪华的,舒服的
porcine
猪的
potshot
v,乱射,肆意抨击
prance
vi,昂首阔步
prefatory
前言的,序文的
procreate
vi.生殖,生育
procrustean
强求一致的
prognosticate
v.预言
promenade
v.散步
promiscuous
(性关系)滥交的
prorogue
n.休会
pullulate
vi.发芽,大量繁殖
pummel
vt.击打,用拳头连续揍
purblind
半失明的,迟钝的
queasy
感到反胃的,恶心的
raillery
n.开玩笑,打趣
rampage
vi.发怒,乱闹,狂暴
rebarbative
令人讨厌的
recourse
n.求援,求助
recriminate
v,反唇相讥,反控诉
reek
vi.冒烟,发臭气,散发
regal
帝王的
regale
v,盛宴招待,款待
[ ]
reimburse
v.偿还
rip
v.撕,剥
roguish
流氓的,无赖的
rollicking
嬉戏耍闹的
sadistic
虐待狂的
saliferous
含盐的
sangfroid
冷静,泰然,镇静
satiny
光滑的
scamper
v.奔跑
scavenge
v.以(腐肉)为食,从废物中提取
scrumptious
极好的;味美的
scud
vi.迅速地移动或奔跑
seethe
v.沸腾
sensual
肉欲的,色情的
sententious
精辟的;好说教的
setback
挫折
sheen
光泽,光辉
shove
vt.推挤,猛推,强使
shrivel
v.(使)起皱纹,(使)枯萎
sidle
v.悄悄贴近,侧身而行
skim
v,撇去(油等)
skittish
轻佻的;易变的
slapdash
草率的
sleazy
破旧的,肮脏的
slick
光滑的,熟练的
slurp
vt出声地吃喝
smolder
vi闷烧(不生产火焰,只产生少量烟尘);郁闷
snappish
易怒的:脾气暴躁的
snicker
v.窃笑
snitch
vt,vi告发,告密;偷,盗(贵重物品)
sock
vt猛击
soggy
湿透的
splurge
vi.卖弄,炫耀
staccato
断音的,断奏的;不连贯的
stash
vt贮藏;隐藏
stellar
恒星的
strangulation
n.勒杀,压缩,箝制
strew
vt.散播
swank
vi.出风头,炫耀
tamp
vt.填塞,夯实
tarry
v.耽搁,等候,暂住
tattered
衣衫破烂褴褛的
tautological
同义反复的
terpsichorean
n.舞蹈家adj.舞蹈的
thespian
悲剧的,戏剧的
throttle
v.扼杀
tipple
vi.饮烈酒,酗酒
titillate
使…觉得痒,挑逗
titular
有名无实的
topple
v.倾倒
tousle
vt.弄乱,搅乱
traduce
v.中伤,诽谤
trammel
vt.拘束,阻碍
trance
n.恍惚,出神,着迷
trek
n/v,艰苦跋涉
upswing
vi.向上摆动,提高
uptight
心情焦躁的
vandalize
vt.摧残,破坏
ventral
腹部的
vernal
春天的,和煦的,青春的
vie
v,竞争
wangle
v.骗取
wean
vt.使断奶,使断念
weather
vt.使受风吹雨打,侵蚀;经受住
welsh
Vi 赖账
whine
发出哀鸣声
whittle
v.切,削,削减
yaw
v.偏航
笔考蓝宝偏僻词汇(二)
actuarial
保险精算的
arraign
v,提问,审讯
asinine
驴的,愚蠢的
askance
adv,斜视
assassination
n,暗杀
avuncular
伯父的
bacchanal
酒神的,狂欢的
bandy
v.来回投,互致问候
bask
v,舒适地晒太阳
baste
v,涂油,狠揍,大骂
bawl
n/v大叫,叫骂
bedraggled
浑身泥污的,湿透的
berserk
狂暴的,疯狂的
bestial
野兽的,残忍的
betroth
v,许配
bewitch
v,施魔法;蛊惑
bicker
v/n斗嘴,口角
bilk
v.诈骗
blare
v,鸣叫(如号声)
bleak
寒冷的,荒凉的
bloat
v.浮肿,膨胀
bombard
v.炮轰
botch
v.修补
bovine
似牛的,迟钝的
bowdlerize
v,删除,修订
brackish
可厌的,有盐味的
brag
吹牛
braggadocio
吹牛大王
brandish
v,挥舞(示威)
brawl
v,争吵,怒骂
brawny
强壮的
broil
v,烤,烧,酷热
brusque
唐突的,粗暴的
bumble
v,弄糟,笨拙地做
buxom
体态丰满的
calculating
诡计多端,筹划的
canine
犬的
cantankerous
脾气坏的
canter
慢跑
caper
雀跃
capsize
倾覆(特指船)
careen
使船倾侧
cauterze
用烙铁烧
celestial
天上的
cephalic
头的
cerebral
脑的,大脑的
chafe
擦热,使恼火
char
烧焦
checkered
色彩多样的
chunk
大块,矮胖之人
chirp
n,喳喳声
ciliate
有睫毛的
cognate
同词源的
cohabit
未婚同居
collate
核实,对照
collateral
平行的,附属的
collected
泰然自若的
communal
公共的
complicity
同谋,共犯
concentric
同中心的
concoct
调制,编造
concomitant
伴随的
concussion
冲击,脑震荡
confide
倾诉
conflate
合并
congenital
天生的,天赋的
conjugal
婚姻的,夫妇间的
connotation
含蓄义,言外之意
connubial
婚姻的,配偶的
consecrate
使神圣
consort
使配对
construe
解释,翻译
convene
召集,集合
convivial
欢乐的,欢宴的
corny
平淡无奇的
corpulent
肥大的,肥胖的
coruscate
v,闪亮
cosy
温暖舒适的
coy
腼腆的,扭捏的
cranky
任性的,怪癖的
crepuscle
黄昏,黎明
cross
脾气坏的,发怒的
crotchety
任性顽固的
cryogenic
低温学的
cuddle
搂抱,拥抱
cupidity
贪心,贪婪
currish
恶意的,野狗似的
dallinace
轻浮,戏弄,调情
dangle
摇摆
daub
涂抹
daubster
拙劣画家
debar
v,阻止
debauch
v,使堕落
debonair
殷勤的,温文尔雅的
debouch
溢出,流出
decamp
士兵离营,逃走
decapitate
v,斩首
deception
n,欺骗,诡计
deciduous
每年落叶的
decimate
大批杀害
declassify
从机密表删除
decompose
使腐烂
decoy
诱骗
deface
损伤外观,使丢面子
defalcate
v,盗用公款
defection
缺点,变节
defray
支出,付出
defunct
死亡的
demarcate
划分边界
demented
发狂的,精神错乱的
demote
v,使降级
demure
娴静的
devolve
v,转移,移交
dishevel
v,使蓬乱,头发凌乱
distrait
心不在焉的
empyreal
苍天的
emulsify
v,使乳化
episodic
结构松散的
equine
马的,象马的
equitation
骑术
erotic
色情的
ersatz
代用的,假的
erstwhile
以前的,往昔的
expatiate
详述,细说
exposition
博览会,展示
expostulate
劝戒,告诫
expropriate
没收,充公
fag
苦干
far-fetched
牵强的,不自然的
fealty
效忠,孝顺
febrile
发烧的,热病的
fiat
n.命令,法令
firebrand
燃烧的木柴,放火者,煽动叛乱者
fitful
断断续续的,一阵阵的,间歇的,不定的
flagellate
vt.鞭打,鞭挞
flagrant
恶名昭著的
flail
n.(打谷用)连枷v.用连枷打,打
flair
才能,本领
flick
v.轻弹,轻轻拂去
flicker
vi.闪动,闪烁,摇动
flighty
轻浮的;反覆无常的
flimsy
轻而薄的
fluffy
绒毛似的,有绒毛的
flunk
n.失败,不及格
flutter
vt.拍(翅),使焦急
footle
vi做蠢事;浪费时间
foray
vi.袭击
foreclose
vt.排除在外;取消抵押品赎回权
forlorn
孤独凄凉的
fray
n.冲突,打架,争论
frisk
vi.欢跃,蹦跳
fritter
消耗;逐渐地减少或浪费
fructify
vt.使结果多或使多产的
fugitive
逃亡的,无常的,易变的(记)fug 词根:逃
fusillade
n/v枪炮齐射,猛射
gabble
vi.急促而不清楚地说话
gaiety
欢乐,欢乐的氛围
参考:gaily
欢乐的
gamely
adv.不屈地,勇敢地
garnish
v.装饰
gastric
adj.胃的
gaunt
憔悴的
genuflect
v屈膝服从
gestate
v.孕育
giggle
v.咯咯地傻笑
gnat
n.小昆虫,小烦扰
gnawing
n.咬,苛责adj,痛苦的,使苦恼的
gorgeous
adj.华丽的,灿烂的
grouch
vi.闹脾气,发牢骚
growl
v.咆哮,发牢骚地说
gruesome
可怕的,可憎的
gutless
无胆量的,没勇气的
guttle
v,贪婪地大吃大喝
haggard
憔悴的
haggle
v,讨价还价
hassle
n.争论或争斗
henpecked
惧内的
hobble
v,蹒跚
hubbub
吵闹声,呐喊声
immolate
vt.牺牲,献出,献祭
impinge
v,撞击,侵犯
impregnable
无法攻取的
pregn拿住 参考:pregnant怀孕的
indent
vi.切割成锯齿状
indite
vt.创作,赋诗
induct
使正式就任,入伍
induction
就职
inebriate
v.灌醉
infest
vt扰乱,成群滋扰
infraction
n.违反,侵害
infringe
v.破坏,侵犯,违反
injunction
n.命令,指令
innuendo
vi.影射
inroad
n.袭击
insidious
阴险的
insolate
vt.曝晒
interlace
vt.使交织,使交错
interlude
暂时休息,幕间休息
internecine
互相残杀,内讧的
invigilate
vi.看守,监考
juncture
n.接合点,危机关头
kaleidoscopic
万花筒的,五花八门的
killjoy
令人扫兴的人
lactic
乳的,乳汁的
laminate
v,切成薄片;轧成薄板
lascivious
好色的,淫荡的
lave
vt.为沐浴,洗
lecherous
淫荡的,色情的
lesion
n.损害,身体的伤害
lewd
淫荡的,猥亵的
liaison
n.联络
libation
n,奠酒祭神仪式;饮酒(记)谐音“李白” 李白好饮酒
ligneous
木质的
limbo
不稳定状态;中间过渡状态
lineaments
面部轮廓
lineal
直系的
linear
线的,成直线的
lingual
语言的,舌的
liquidate
v.清算
littoral
海滨的,沿海的
livid
铅色的,青紫色的
来自liver肝脏
logjam
圆木阻塞,僵局
lukewarm
微温的
lump
肿块
lunatic
疯子;极蠢的
lurid
耀眼的;骇人听闻的
luscious
甘美的
lust
强烈的欲望,性欲
lusty
健壮的,精力充沛的
lynch
私刑处死
谐音“凌迟”:一种残酷刑罚
machiavellian
权谋术的;来自马基雅弗利《君主论》作者
maim
vt.使残废
malfeasance
n,不法行为,渎职
malediction
诅咒,说坏话
malefactor
罪犯,作恶者
maleficent
犯罪的,有害的
mannerism
习性,矫揉造作
maraud
v,抢劫,掠夺
menial
仆人的,卑微的
mesa
平顶山
metropolitan
大都市的
moldy
发霉的
molest
v.骚扰,干扰
molten
v.熔化adj.熔铸的
monetary
钱币的,金钱的
mope
v.闷闷不乐
m+hope没希望→闷闷不乐
mountainous
多山的
mulct
罚金vt.处以罚金
muster
v.集合,聚集
musty
发霉的,霉臭的
mutilate
v.残害
muzzy
头脑糊涂的
nestle
依偎
nethermost
最低的
niggling
琐碎的
nimble
敏捷的
nipping
尖酸的
noncommittal
态度暧昧,不明朗的
nubile
女孩到适婚年龄的
numinous
神的,超自然的
obese
肥胖的,肥大的
obnoxious
不愉快的,讨厌的
occidental
西洋的,西方的
ocular
眼睛的,视觉的
oculist
眼科医生
odyssey
n.长途的冒险旅行
“奥德赛”喜欢长途旅行
offstage
幕后的,后台的
ooze
v,渗出,泄漏
ordain
授神职:命令,规定
orotund
响亮的,洪亮的
osmosis
n.渗透,潜移默化
osseous
骨的,骨质的
otiose
没有用的,多余的
outfox
vt.以计取胜
outrage
n.暴行,侮辱,愤怒
overturn
vt.推翻,颠倒
oxidize
v.(使)氧化
ovoid
卵形的
palaver
vi.空谈,阿谀
paleolithic
旧石器时代的
pamper
v.纵容
pang
n.剧痛,悲痛
panoply
n.全套甲胄,华丽服饰
parlous
靠不住的;危险的
parturition
n.分娩,生产
pasteurize
vt.用巴斯德消毒法灭菌
pastoral
牧人的,田园生活的
pathos
n.痛苦,感伤,悲怅
penultimate
倒数第二的
penumbra
半明半暗不确定的地方
percolate
v,滤出;滴出
perishable
容易腐烂的
perish
毁灭,腐烂
perishing
极冷的,可憎的;要不得的(例)a perishing shame,奇耻大辱。
perky
愉悦的,逍遥自在的
perpetrate
v,犯罪,做坏事
persnickety
趋炎附势的,爱挑剔的
perspire
v.出汗,流汗
pert
别致的,时髦的
perverse
刚愎的,故意作对的
pervert
vt使堕落;误解;曲解
pesky
麻烦的,恼人的
pestilent
致命的
pester
使烦恼,纠缠
pettish
易怒的,闹情绪的
pharisaic
伪善的
phonetic
语音的,语音学的
phony
adj.假冒的n.假冒者
pillage
v.掠夺
pirouette
vi.以脚尖旋转
piscatorial
渔业的,渔民的
plebeian
平民的,卑俗的
plenary
权力无限的、绝对的,(会议)全体出席的
plush
豪华的,舒服的
porcine
猪的
potshot
v,乱射,肆意抨击
prance
vi,昂首阔步
prefatory
前言的,序文的
procreate
vi.生殖,生育
procrustean
强求一致的
prognosticate
v.预言
promenade
v.散步
promiscuous
(性关系)滥交的
prorogue
n.休会
pullulate
vi.发芽,大量繁殖
pummel
vt.击打,用拳头连续揍
purblind
半失明的,迟钝的
queasy
感到反胃的,恶心的
raillery
n.开玩笑,打趣
rampage
vi.发怒,乱闹,狂暴
rebarbative
令人讨厌的
recourse
n.求援,求助
recriminate
v,反唇相讥,反控诉
reek
vi.冒烟,发臭气,散发
regal
帝王的
regale
v,盛宴招待,款待
[ ]
reimburse
v.偿还
rip
v.撕,剥
roguish
流氓的,无赖的
rollicking
嬉戏耍闹的
sadistic
虐待狂的
saliferous
含盐的
sangfroid
冷静,泰然,镇静
satiny
光滑的
scamper
v.奔跑
scavenge
v.以(腐肉)为食,从废物中提取
scrumptious
极好的;味美的
scud
vi.迅速地移动或奔跑
seethe
v.沸腾
sensual
肉欲的,色情的
sententious
精辟的;好说教的
setback
挫折
sheen
光泽,光辉
shove
vt.推挤,猛推,强使
shrivel
v.(使)起皱纹,(使)枯萎
sidle
v.悄悄贴近,侧身而行
skim
v,撇去(油等)
skittish
轻佻的;易变的
slapdash
草率的
sleazy
破旧的,肮脏的
slick
光滑的,熟练的
slurp
vt出声地吃喝
smolder
vi闷烧(不生产火焰,只产生少量烟尘);郁闷
snappish
易怒的:脾气暴躁的
snicker
v.窃笑
snitch
vt,vi告发,告密;偷,盗(贵重物品)
sock
vt猛击
soggy
湿透的
splurge
vi.卖弄,炫耀
staccato
断音的,断奏的;不连贯的
stash
vt贮藏;隐藏
stellar
恒星的
strangulation
n.勒杀,压缩,箝制
strew
vt.散播
swank
vi.出风头,炫耀
tamp
vt.填塞,夯实
tarry
v.耽搁,等候,暂住
tattered
衣衫破烂褴褛的
tautological
同义反复的
terpsichorean
n.舞蹈家adj.舞蹈的
thespian
悲剧的,戏剧的
throttle
v.扼杀
tipple
vi.饮烈酒,酗酒
titillate
使…觉得痒,挑逗
titular
有名无实的
topple
v.倾倒
tousle
vt.弄乱,搅乱
traduce
v.中伤,诽谤
trammel
vt.拘束,阻碍
trance
n.恍惚,出神,着迷
trek
n/v,艰苦跋涉
upswing
vi.向上摆动,提高
uptight
心情焦躁的
vandalize
vt.摧残,破坏
ventral
腹部的
vernal
春天的,和煦的,青春的
vie
v,竞争
wangle
v.骗取
wean
vt.使断奶,使断念
weather
vt.使受风吹雨打,侵蚀;经受住
welsh
Vi 赖账
whine
发出哀鸣声
whittle
v.切,削,削减
yaw
v.偏航