Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Mobility management in an IPv6
Internet
Hesham Soliman
Ericsson Research
Hesham.Soliman@era.ericsson.se
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Outline
Trends and forecasts in the wireless world
Mobile IPv6 overview
Mobile IPv6 improvements
From Host to Network mobility
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Worldwide Subscriptions Forecast
(Year -end)
No of Subscriptions (millions)
Fixed
Broadband
(Cable,xDSL,
LMDS,Fibre)
Fixed
(POTS/ISDN)
Mobile
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mobility is becoming the norm
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Global Cellular Subscriptions by Region (00-07)
No of Subscrip
tio
n
s (millio
ns)
(Year -end)
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Asia Pacific
W Europe
CEMA
Latin America
North America
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Heterogeneous access networks
WAN LAN
PAN
? Different wireless technologies for different scenarios,PAN (e.g,
Bluetooth),LAN (e.g,802.11) and WAN (e.g,WCDMA/GSM)
? Different characteristics for each wireless technology,
Coverage,QoS,Cost,reliability …etc
? Different IP versions,IPv4 and IPv6
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
The future is peer!
Peer to peer communication already exists in cellular
networks
IP-based cellular networks will inherit the same services
and more:
–Voice
– Multimedia messages
–Gaming
–Chating
– Push to talk
– And many more in future!
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Why IP mobility?
DNS
Router A
Router C
Host2
PREFIX_C,HOST_ID
Host 1
PREFIX_B,HOST_ID
Host2
Router B
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Requirements for IP Mobility
? Compatibility with existing Internet hosts and applications
Access technology independent
Ease of operation/integration
Application transparency
? No modification of existing routers or routing mechanisms
? Internet-wide mobility,,reachable everywhere”
? No modification of non-mobile hosts (i.e,TCP/IP stacks)
? No modification of applications
? Maintain connections while moving between subnets
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Mobile IPv6 – Routing through HA
Home Network
Foreign Network
Foreign
Network
Correspondent
Node (CN)
Home
Agent
IP Network
B
A
(
B
i
ndin
g
A
c
k
)
B
U
(
B
i
ndin
g
U
p
d
a
t
e
)
MIPv6 messages
Access Router
Reverse
Tunnelling
IPv6 Data
Mobile
Node (MN)
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Mobile IPv6 – Route Optimisation
Home
Network
Home
Agent
IPv6 Data
MIPv6 BU/BA
Foreign Network
Foreign
Network
BA (Binding Ack.)
BU (Binding Update)
Routing through HA
eliminated
Correspondent
Node (CN) Mobile
Node (MN)
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Securing Route optimisation signalling
Why do we need to secure it?
– The BU orders the receiver to send traffic to a different IP address
(e.g,Packets intended for address X should be sent to Y)
– Attackers can,
Direct a MN’s traffic to themselves (steal traffic)
Direct a MN’s traffic somewhere else (Bombing attacks)
Deny a MN from communicating with other nodes (DoS
attacks),
More attacks are possible.
MN_A
(victim)
CN
Send Bad
Guy’s
traffic to
MN_A
MN_A
(victim)
CN
Send
MN_A
traffic to
Bad Guy
Bad Guy
steals
MN_A’s
traffic
Bad Guy
bombs
MN_A
Bad Guy
Bad Guy
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Securing Route optimisation signalling…cont
What type of security is needed?
– We need to AUTHENTICATE the MN that is AUTHORISED to send a BU,
Encryption is not required,no confidential information.
Which identities need to be used?
– A MN needs to prove that it owns both,the home address and CoA
included in the BU,
– Identity like,Hesham@ericsson.com does not mean that Hesham owns
home address X or CoA Y.
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
MIPv6 security – Return Routability
Correspondent
Node (CN)
Mobile
Node (MN)
Home
Agent
Inititate Test for
HoA and CoA
Test for HoA and
CoA
BU,authenticated
with keys
exchanged during
test
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Mobile IPv6 handoffs issues
? Movement detection on L3=> Depends on when new RA received
? Home Registration => Performance depends on the distance away
from the HA (Need a,close” HA)
? Update all CNs to get route optimisation => Until then RT services are
disrupted (Need to eliminate or reduce BUs upon movement)
Possible improvements
? Anticipate movement
? Reduce distance to HA using Mobility Anchor Points (MAPs)
? Use handover smoothing techniques to minimise service disruption
? Service disruption,Packet delays & Packet loss
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Mobile IP Handover performance
Real-time services are sensitive to Mobile IP delays
Mobile IP delays DO affect non-real-time services
Results would be worse if we considered Route Optimisation RR tests
2.8e+06
2.85e+06
2.9e+06
2.95e+06
3e+06
3072756
3.1e+06
3.15e+06
3.2e+06
3.25e+06
3.3e+06
3.35e+06
3.4e+06
4 5.23
5.43
5.83 6.53 7
8.0
9 10 11.43 12 13 14 15
Time (in Seconds)
Pa
ck
et
Seq
u
e
n
c
e
N
u
m
b
er
s
MIP handoff
completed
Packet dropped by the Path
MTU discovery mechanism
Slow start
period
3rd timeout
0.8 sec
1st timeout
0.2 sec
2nd timeout
0.4 sec
4th timeout
1.6 sec
MIP handoff
started
8.23
3.05e+06
5th timeout
3.2 sec
From,Performance Evaluation
of TCP over Mobile IP,PIMRC
1999,Fikouras,El Malki et al.
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Current and future Mobile IPv6 optimisations
Localised Mobility Management (LMM)
Fast handovers
Granularity of movement,
Flow movement
Network mobility
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
HMIPv6 overview
Home
Agent
MAP
Correspondent
Node (CN)
- Movement is transparent to HA and CN
- MAPs can be located on different layers
and used simultaneously
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Handover scenario (Intra-access tech)
? Detect movement
? Register with HA (BU)
? Update all CNs to get route optimisation
Home Network
Mobile
Node (MN)
Home
Agent
Router
New AR
Old AR
Correspondent
Node (CN)
Correspondent
Node (CN)
New RA
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Layer 2 and systems considerations for
handover anticipation
? Handoff initiation is dependant on Layer 2 indications
? The entity initiating the handoff varies from one system to another
?Network initiation
?Requires coupling between Layer 2 and 3 in the AR
?Current AR can send information to the MN to inform it that
a handoff is about to take place,triggered by L2 hints.
?MN initiation
?Requires coupling between Layer 2 and 3 in the MN
?MN solicits for information if it detects that a handoff is
about to take place,triggered by L2 hints
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Fast Handoffs in Mobile IP
Home Network
Home
Agent
Mobile
Node (MN)
nAR
HI/HAck
Correspondent
Node (CN)
Data
New RA /
Agent adv
BU requests
bicasting
Handover
initiation
oAR
? Handoff anticipation by receiving new RA from current AR (may or may not
be solicited depending on the type of link layer.
? oAR initiates handover (to check if the address is valid on the,new” subnet).
? Optimised for minimum packet loss,Performance varies slightly depending
on distance between oAR and nAR
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Flow movement
Home Network
Access technology A
Mobile
Node (MN)
Home
Agent
Access Technology B
Correspondent
Node (CN)
Correspondent
Node (CN)
AR
AR
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
The use of Mobile IPv6 in current wireless
systems
Why is it needed?
Reachability => Permanent IP addresses
Session continuity
Access independence
The role of Mobile IP in current wireless systems:
UTRAN OtherGSM
Mobile IP
GPRS CN
(GTP)
RAN
Core
Network
IP Network
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Future mobility trends,Network mobility
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Internet
Cellular
Where can we find mobile nets,Cars,PANs,
Trains,Buses,multi-access technologies,.etc
WLAN
Hesham Soliman Global IPv6 summit China 2003-03-10
Thank you!