Unit 2 Text A
Conversational Ballgames
Let’s play a game
Instruction:
1,touch your shoulders
2,bend your knees
3,serve the ball
4,stretch your arms
5,skip the rope
6,hit the ball
7,bounce up and down
8,swing the rope
9,snatch the ball
10,bowl the ball
11,throw the ball
12,raise your arms
13,twist your fingers
14,stretch your body
15,boxing
Understanding the text
Questions for thinking:
–What does the title mean?
–How is conversation related to ballgame?
–What are the two conversational styles and
two games discussed in the passage?
Meaning of the Title
(1) surface meaning
– conversation,informal talk
con(Latin):together,with
vers(Latin):to turn about in a given direction
converse:to turn about with others
– ballgame,any game played with a ball(give
examples)
-Implied meaning(two-level metaphor):
first level
---------?handling a conversation? is
compared to?playing ballgames?
second level
------information----topics,ideas,opinions,
is compared to ball
Structure of the Text
Opening,I found that Japanese-style
conversations go quite differently from western ones.
Body,An account of the difference between the
two styles of conversations.
----- western-style conversations,like a game of
tennis,involve serving and returning of the ball
-----Japanese-style conversations,a game of
bowling,people serve the ball without
returns.
Closing,Sum up the discussion and point
out it?s not easy to switch from one culture to
another.
Structure of a Formal Essay
Opening
– (A)Topic priming:set the scene and prepares
the reader for what is to follow
– (B)Topic nomination:express what the writer
will talk about
Body:set forth the discussion,give the
information
Closing:bring the discussion to a close
Information
People from different cultures have different ideas
about many things.For example,North Americans
like to stand about 18 to 20 inches apart from each
other when they talk,People from Saudi Arabia,
however,like to stand 12 to 14 inches apart.As a
result,when a North American talks to a Saudi
Arabian,everyone is uncomfortable.The North
American feels that the Saudi Arabian is trying to be
too close,too intimate,and so the American moves
away as they talk.The Saudi Arabian,on the other
hand,feels that the North American is too unfriendly,
too distant.
American,individualism
Japanese,collective or group
Chinese,between the two
People from different cultures often have
different values (standards of behavior).This
is due to the different social background.
Culture is connected with many aspects.
Three values from different
cultures
Examples
Dragon
– In China,people use?dragon? to describe
emperor.We like to call us the
descendants of dragon.
– In western countries,if you call a
woman a dragon,you mean that she is
fierce.Because in the Bible,Satan is
called the great dragon.
NEW WORDS
1.conversational:
---He seems to lack basic ~ skill,
----I like a relax and ~ style of writing which is
very readable,
2.conversation/ talk,A conversation,which is
informal,refers to a free and often living oral
exchange of news,feelings,thoughts,etc,between
two or more persons while a talk,which is either
formal or informal,can mean a speech,a
lecture,an idle chatter or an oral expression or
exchange of feelings,thoughts.
----I had a long telephone ~ with my
father,
--- John and I had a very interesting ~
about fishing,
------Professor Smith gave a talk on
ancient Rome,
----I think it?s time we had a serious talk,
----Further arms talks are to be held next
month.
3.gradually:
---- Things are ~ improving,
----Our eating habit are ~ changing
towards a healthier diet.
4,startle,it means
“surprise”accompanied by a weak
feeling of fright and worry that causes
one to jump or draw back,
--- The sound of the machine-gun fire
~d the pigeons.
5.halt,it is somewhat different from
“stop”,in that it means stop for a time and
is usually used with reference to activity,
advance,growth,development,etc.
--- This brought our conversation to a halt,
-----Population growth cannot halt
overnight,
----The policeman halted the speeding
car.
6.handle,It basically means touch an object
with or hold an object in an hand or hands ;in
extended use,it can be followed by nouns in
the abstract sense such as a problem,
situation,etc,Or even nouns,denoting people,
meaning deal with,manage,or control,
---- I was impressed by her handling the affair
all alone,
-----An army officer must know how to
handle his men.
7,challenge:
--- He ~d me to fight,
---They had ~d and beaten the best teams
in the world,
----The journalist ~d the justice of the
new law.
8.original:It is used to describe the
appearance character,or parts of something
when it began to exist,or when it was first
made,thought of,
etc,
.----Her ~ plan was to stay for a
mouth,but she had to leave after three days,
---They will restore the house to its ~ state,
--- Is this an ~ Rembrandt?
9.objection:
-----A lazy person has an ~ to working,
-----One of his ~s to the plan was that it
would cost too much,
10.relative:
--- The merits to the two plans are ~,
---The head of the department is ~
newcomer,
---They are living in ~ comfort.
11.register,usu,indicates entry of
certain facts or particulars into a
formal records as an official
requirement or process,
-----It is required by law to ~ all birth,
----All purchases are ~ed in book
store.
12.snatch,It carries a strong
implication of a sudden,hurried
movement,often implication stealth
or promptness or rudeness or
roughness,
-------The fireman ~ed the child
from the flames,
----- The thief ~ed her bag in the
crowd
13.parallel:
---The roads run ~ with the
railway,
--The road and the railway are
~ to each other.
14.switch,often means change
suddenly to something a
different task,subject,position,
etc.
------He ~ed to his attention back
to the book he was reading,
-----He is always ~ing job,
---- He didn?t seem to like any of
the programs and kept ~ing from
one channel to another,
New Phrases
1,join in / join
,join in” means,take part in” followed by a
word o phrase that refers to an activity.,join”
which is used transitively,means,become a
member or employee of” or,come into the
company of”,
e.g,join in the work / join in singing the
Christmas carols/ join in the discussion
2.and so on/and so forth:
---He can program a computer to
paint,play chess and so on,
---- He can talk for hours about art,
literature,history and so forth.
3.knock down,
----- A bus nearly ~ed him down,
------He ~ed his opponent down three
times in the first round,
----He stepped aside to avoid being ~ed
down by a cyclist on the side walk.
4.fall apart:
---- The cup just fell apart in my hands,
------The nation is falling apart,
-----Their marriage seems to be falling apart.
5.call on,
---- The opposition party ~ed on the
government to handle the Middle East crisis
by peaceful means,
------ The mayor called on people suffering
from an earthquake to remain calm.
6.refer to,--- The president ~red to the
economic crisis in Asia in his TV statement.
7.be responsible for,have the duty of looking
after someone or something
----- The government is ~ for the widespread
corruption,
----- Global warming was one of the many
factors ~for the worst flooding in decades,---
-Who is ~ for the mess?
8,take turns,do something one by one in regular
---- The kid take turns washing dishes,
----There aren?t enough computer available
and the students have to take turn.
9.no/ little/ small wonder,used to express
that something is fully anticipated
-----No wonder the Americans are not very
good at football,they prefer American
football,in which you play with your hands,
10,now that,as a result of the fact,since
----Now that I?ve gone to the concert,I
understand why young people are so crazy
about the superstar,
-----Now that you?re coming of age,you
should be responsible for your own behavior.
Grammar Focus
Whoever/whatever,so on === no matter
who,no matter what
e.g,Please let us know no matter
where you go.== wherever you go,
Life goes on no matter how upset
you are.===however upset you are.
Practice:
-----1,He complains no matter when
his dad smokes,
----- 2,Please be police,no matter who
it is that you have to deal with,
-----3,Everyone makes mistakes,no
matter how wise he is,
-----4,The spoilt child wants take
everything he gets his hands on in the
supermarket,no matter how expensive.
Key to exercise
VIII,(A)
1,Whoever is most qualified
2,Whoever has money
3.Whoever holds it
4,whoever is not whit him
5,whoever would take the job
6.Whoever fears to face his own past
(B)
1,Whatever they have
2,Whatever decisions he makes
3,Whenever the weather?s bad
4,Wherever he goes
5,Whichever direction you turn to
6,Wowever hard she tried
Translation
1,Referring to the differences between
American English and British English,he
said,``The United States and Britain are,after
all,two different countries,
2,Prof.Smith encourages his students to
think for themselves.`` I?m just as happy,”he
often says,even if you challenge me or
completely disagree with me”.
3,We called on him to take part in our
conversation about pop music,but as soon as
he joined in,he introduced a new topic and
referred to the NBA finals of the previous
week,
4,The driver is responsible for this accident,
His car knocked down a tree and a man on his
bike,
5,Since our production of radios came to a
halt,we have switched to the production of
mobile phones.
6,Our original plan was to see such famous
sights as the Great Wall,the Palace Museum
and the Summer Palace in Beijing,
7,It?s no simple matter to learn a foreign
language well,Even though I have learned
English for a few years,I still can?t express
myself effectively in the language,
8,I don?t want you simply to agree or
disagree with me,I need someone who can
give me good advice,ideas,and so on,
Text B
U2,The Irish group U2 was formed in
1977 and gained fame in 1980s,Since then,
they have become one of the most popular
rock groups in the world.
Michael Jackson
Singer-dancer the most remarkable pop
music success since Elvis Presley and
the Beatles.
Born to a musical family in 1958,he
and his brothers formed the Jackson Five
in the early 1960s and gained fame,
His album,Thriller(1982),broke sale
records worldwide and Bad (1987,
ghetto slang for,good”) and
Dangerous(1992) were also big sellers.
Text C
Aristophanes ----- the greatest comic
playwright of ancient Greece
the more you expose yourself to new
words------the more you come across new
words
take manual ---Take the word manual for
example
you?ll learn them in no time at all --- you?ll
learn them very quickly
you’re one up on him---- you?re one
point ahead of him in score
That’s all there is to it -- you’re off
on your treasure hunt----What ever is
to be said on it is said --and then you
start your treasure hunt for new word
MADONNA
the controversial singer,
actress,and song-writer
one of American?s biggest
stars in the late 1980s
has broken several pop-music
sales records
You Must Love Me,from the
film Evita(1996),won her an
Oscar for best original song
Conversational Ballgames
Let’s play a game
Instruction:
1,touch your shoulders
2,bend your knees
3,serve the ball
4,stretch your arms
5,skip the rope
6,hit the ball
7,bounce up and down
8,swing the rope
9,snatch the ball
10,bowl the ball
11,throw the ball
12,raise your arms
13,twist your fingers
14,stretch your body
15,boxing
Understanding the text
Questions for thinking:
–What does the title mean?
–How is conversation related to ballgame?
–What are the two conversational styles and
two games discussed in the passage?
Meaning of the Title
(1) surface meaning
– conversation,informal talk
con(Latin):together,with
vers(Latin):to turn about in a given direction
converse:to turn about with others
– ballgame,any game played with a ball(give
examples)
-Implied meaning(two-level metaphor):
first level
---------?handling a conversation? is
compared to?playing ballgames?
second level
------information----topics,ideas,opinions,
is compared to ball
Structure of the Text
Opening,I found that Japanese-style
conversations go quite differently from western ones.
Body,An account of the difference between the
two styles of conversations.
----- western-style conversations,like a game of
tennis,involve serving and returning of the ball
-----Japanese-style conversations,a game of
bowling,people serve the ball without
returns.
Closing,Sum up the discussion and point
out it?s not easy to switch from one culture to
another.
Structure of a Formal Essay
Opening
– (A)Topic priming:set the scene and prepares
the reader for what is to follow
– (B)Topic nomination:express what the writer
will talk about
Body:set forth the discussion,give the
information
Closing:bring the discussion to a close
Information
People from different cultures have different ideas
about many things.For example,North Americans
like to stand about 18 to 20 inches apart from each
other when they talk,People from Saudi Arabia,
however,like to stand 12 to 14 inches apart.As a
result,when a North American talks to a Saudi
Arabian,everyone is uncomfortable.The North
American feels that the Saudi Arabian is trying to be
too close,too intimate,and so the American moves
away as they talk.The Saudi Arabian,on the other
hand,feels that the North American is too unfriendly,
too distant.
American,individualism
Japanese,collective or group
Chinese,between the two
People from different cultures often have
different values (standards of behavior).This
is due to the different social background.
Culture is connected with many aspects.
Three values from different
cultures
Examples
Dragon
– In China,people use?dragon? to describe
emperor.We like to call us the
descendants of dragon.
– In western countries,if you call a
woman a dragon,you mean that she is
fierce.Because in the Bible,Satan is
called the great dragon.
NEW WORDS
1.conversational:
---He seems to lack basic ~ skill,
----I like a relax and ~ style of writing which is
very readable,
2.conversation/ talk,A conversation,which is
informal,refers to a free and often living oral
exchange of news,feelings,thoughts,etc,between
two or more persons while a talk,which is either
formal or informal,can mean a speech,a
lecture,an idle chatter or an oral expression or
exchange of feelings,thoughts.
----I had a long telephone ~ with my
father,
--- John and I had a very interesting ~
about fishing,
------Professor Smith gave a talk on
ancient Rome,
----I think it?s time we had a serious talk,
----Further arms talks are to be held next
month.
3.gradually:
---- Things are ~ improving,
----Our eating habit are ~ changing
towards a healthier diet.
4,startle,it means
“surprise”accompanied by a weak
feeling of fright and worry that causes
one to jump or draw back,
--- The sound of the machine-gun fire
~d the pigeons.
5.halt,it is somewhat different from
“stop”,in that it means stop for a time and
is usually used with reference to activity,
advance,growth,development,etc.
--- This brought our conversation to a halt,
-----Population growth cannot halt
overnight,
----The policeman halted the speeding
car.
6.handle,It basically means touch an object
with or hold an object in an hand or hands ;in
extended use,it can be followed by nouns in
the abstract sense such as a problem,
situation,etc,Or even nouns,denoting people,
meaning deal with,manage,or control,
---- I was impressed by her handling the affair
all alone,
-----An army officer must know how to
handle his men.
7,challenge:
--- He ~d me to fight,
---They had ~d and beaten the best teams
in the world,
----The journalist ~d the justice of the
new law.
8.original:It is used to describe the
appearance character,or parts of something
when it began to exist,or when it was first
made,thought of,
etc,
.----Her ~ plan was to stay for a
mouth,but she had to leave after three days,
---They will restore the house to its ~ state,
--- Is this an ~ Rembrandt?
9.objection:
-----A lazy person has an ~ to working,
-----One of his ~s to the plan was that it
would cost too much,
10.relative:
--- The merits to the two plans are ~,
---The head of the department is ~
newcomer,
---They are living in ~ comfort.
11.register,usu,indicates entry of
certain facts or particulars into a
formal records as an official
requirement or process,
-----It is required by law to ~ all birth,
----All purchases are ~ed in book
store.
12.snatch,It carries a strong
implication of a sudden,hurried
movement,often implication stealth
or promptness or rudeness or
roughness,
-------The fireman ~ed the child
from the flames,
----- The thief ~ed her bag in the
crowd
13.parallel:
---The roads run ~ with the
railway,
--The road and the railway are
~ to each other.
14.switch,often means change
suddenly to something a
different task,subject,position,
etc.
------He ~ed to his attention back
to the book he was reading,
-----He is always ~ing job,
---- He didn?t seem to like any of
the programs and kept ~ing from
one channel to another,
New Phrases
1,join in / join
,join in” means,take part in” followed by a
word o phrase that refers to an activity.,join”
which is used transitively,means,become a
member or employee of” or,come into the
company of”,
e.g,join in the work / join in singing the
Christmas carols/ join in the discussion
2.and so on/and so forth:
---He can program a computer to
paint,play chess and so on,
---- He can talk for hours about art,
literature,history and so forth.
3.knock down,
----- A bus nearly ~ed him down,
------He ~ed his opponent down three
times in the first round,
----He stepped aside to avoid being ~ed
down by a cyclist on the side walk.
4.fall apart:
---- The cup just fell apart in my hands,
------The nation is falling apart,
-----Their marriage seems to be falling apart.
5.call on,
---- The opposition party ~ed on the
government to handle the Middle East crisis
by peaceful means,
------ The mayor called on people suffering
from an earthquake to remain calm.
6.refer to,--- The president ~red to the
economic crisis in Asia in his TV statement.
7.be responsible for,have the duty of looking
after someone or something
----- The government is ~ for the widespread
corruption,
----- Global warming was one of the many
factors ~for the worst flooding in decades,---
-Who is ~ for the mess?
8,take turns,do something one by one in regular
---- The kid take turns washing dishes,
----There aren?t enough computer available
and the students have to take turn.
9.no/ little/ small wonder,used to express
that something is fully anticipated
-----No wonder the Americans are not very
good at football,they prefer American
football,in which you play with your hands,
10,now that,as a result of the fact,since
----Now that I?ve gone to the concert,I
understand why young people are so crazy
about the superstar,
-----Now that you?re coming of age,you
should be responsible for your own behavior.
Grammar Focus
Whoever/whatever,so on === no matter
who,no matter what
e.g,Please let us know no matter
where you go.== wherever you go,
Life goes on no matter how upset
you are.===however upset you are.
Practice:
-----1,He complains no matter when
his dad smokes,
----- 2,Please be police,no matter who
it is that you have to deal with,
-----3,Everyone makes mistakes,no
matter how wise he is,
-----4,The spoilt child wants take
everything he gets his hands on in the
supermarket,no matter how expensive.
Key to exercise
VIII,(A)
1,Whoever is most qualified
2,Whoever has money
3.Whoever holds it
4,whoever is not whit him
5,whoever would take the job
6.Whoever fears to face his own past
(B)
1,Whatever they have
2,Whatever decisions he makes
3,Whenever the weather?s bad
4,Wherever he goes
5,Whichever direction you turn to
6,Wowever hard she tried
Translation
1,Referring to the differences between
American English and British English,he
said,``The United States and Britain are,after
all,two different countries,
2,Prof.Smith encourages his students to
think for themselves.`` I?m just as happy,”he
often says,even if you challenge me or
completely disagree with me”.
3,We called on him to take part in our
conversation about pop music,but as soon as
he joined in,he introduced a new topic and
referred to the NBA finals of the previous
week,
4,The driver is responsible for this accident,
His car knocked down a tree and a man on his
bike,
5,Since our production of radios came to a
halt,we have switched to the production of
mobile phones.
6,Our original plan was to see such famous
sights as the Great Wall,the Palace Museum
and the Summer Palace in Beijing,
7,It?s no simple matter to learn a foreign
language well,Even though I have learned
English for a few years,I still can?t express
myself effectively in the language,
8,I don?t want you simply to agree or
disagree with me,I need someone who can
give me good advice,ideas,and so on,
Text B
U2,The Irish group U2 was formed in
1977 and gained fame in 1980s,Since then,
they have become one of the most popular
rock groups in the world.
Michael Jackson
Singer-dancer the most remarkable pop
music success since Elvis Presley and
the Beatles.
Born to a musical family in 1958,he
and his brothers formed the Jackson Five
in the early 1960s and gained fame,
His album,Thriller(1982),broke sale
records worldwide and Bad (1987,
ghetto slang for,good”) and
Dangerous(1992) were also big sellers.
Text C
Aristophanes ----- the greatest comic
playwright of ancient Greece
the more you expose yourself to new
words------the more you come across new
words
take manual ---Take the word manual for
example
you?ll learn them in no time at all --- you?ll
learn them very quickly
you’re one up on him---- you?re one
point ahead of him in score
That’s all there is to it -- you’re off
on your treasure hunt----What ever is
to be said on it is said --and then you
start your treasure hunt for new word
MADONNA
the controversial singer,
actress,and song-writer
one of American?s biggest
stars in the late 1980s
has broken several pop-music
sales records
You Must Love Me,from the
film Evita(1996),won her an
Oscar for best original song
