BIOSAFETY
An Introduction
Introduction Development of Biosafety
Practices
1941 - Meyer and Eddie 74 lab
associated brucellosis infections in
US
1949 - Sulkin and Pike 222 viral
infections (21 fatal)
Only 27% related to known accidents
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the
bacteria of the genus Brucella,
These bacteria are primarily passed among animals,
and they cause disease in many different vertebrates,
Various Brucella species affect sheep,goats,cattle,
deer,elk,pigs,dogs,and several other animals,
Humans become infected by coming in contact with
animals or animal products that are contaminated
with these bacteria,
Cryptosporidiosis
Reston virus
Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever Cholera
E.coli O157
Typhoid
Diphtheria
EchinococcosisLassa fever
Yellow fever
Ebola
haemorrhagic
fever
O’nyong-nyong
fever
Human
Monkeypox
Cholera 0139
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever
Influenza A(H5N1)
Cholera
RVF/VHF
nvCJD
Ross River
virus
Equine
morbillivirus
Hendra virus
BSE
Multidrug resistant Salmonella
E.coli non-O157
West Nile Virus
Malaria
Nipah Virus
Reston Virus
Legionnaire’s Disease
Buruli ulcer
E.coli O157
West Nile FeverLyme Borreliosis
Major disease outbreaks worldwide
Classification of biological samples
biological samples are divided into
1,Infectious substances
2,Diagnostic specimens
Why Biosafety Practices?
Protection:
workers
,products”
co-workers
lab support personnel
environment
B iosafety
Bi ol ogi cal m at eri al s
Col l ect i on
Tran sp ort
Ma ni pul at i on
C ol l ecti on,tran s p ort & m ani p ulati on
A n y bio log ic a l s a mp le m a y be i nfe c tious
a nd the r e for e pr e s e n ts a ha za r d to a n y
pe r s on
d u r i n g coll ecti on
d u r i n g tran s p ort
d u r i n g op e n i n g an d p roceed i n g
Sa mp le C o l lec t ion
b y p at ient s
f a eces urin e sp ut um
b y m edical s ta ff
blo o d st erna l pu nct ure
a sp irat ion l iq uid s pus
粪便唾液,痰脓胸骨的吸出
Precautions during sample collection
Protect collector,colleague,staff...
wear gloves,coat,(mask,glasses)
VHF,double gloves,filer-masks,boots
VHF=(viral hemorrhagic fever)
dispose needles in special containers,without re-
capping,disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%),
incineration
clean working surfaces (hypochlorite)
decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)
HIV or AIDS
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
33.2 million (2007) 39.5 million (2006) people
are infected (UN)
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/20a
ids.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
An infected person may carry the virus for
years before symptoms appear
No cure and no vaccine at present
HBV or Hepatitis肝炎
(HBV=hepatitis B virus)
Inflammation of the liver - most common
bloodborne disease
Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all
No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread
the disease
Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA
annually
Bloodborne Diseases
HIV,Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS -
no cure or vaccination
(AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
HBV,Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease -
vaccination available
Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis
Syphilis梅毒
Malaria疟疾
Means of Transmission -
Must Enter Body
HBV,HIV virus present in blood,body fluids
Sexual contact with an infected partner
Sharing infected needles
Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is
contaminated with infected blood,body fluids
Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts,
sores伤口
Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes,mouth.
General Lab Requirements,Safety
Knowledgeable supervisor
Knowledgeable personnel
Aware of potential hazards
Proficient in practices &
techniques
Lab specific biosafety manual
Special Practices
Strictly follow guidelines:
Demonstrate proficiency
Receive appropriate training
Report incidents
Participate in medical surveillance
不能渗透的气溶胶,
啮齿动物
Laboratory safety
Special procedures
Decontaminate work surfaces
Report spills and accidents
No animals in laboratories
Decontamination Agent Selection:
Degree of microbial killing required
Nature of item/ surface to be treated
Ease of use
Safety Cost
容器
S amp le p r ep ar at i on
P r e fe r vial s su c h as v acu t ain e r s
c oag ul ation at r oo m te m p.
c e ntr i fuge c are ful l y
avo i d aer os ols
st ore
– ser o log y,- 2 0 C - 4 C
– v iro lo g y,f r ee z e ra p id ly
– b a cte rio lo g y,sto r e a t ro o m te mpera tu re
小瓶血清学
Centrifuge Hazard:
Mechanical failure of machine
Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.)
Aerosol generation
Operator error
Use safety cups whenever possible
Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakages
Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly
Do not use rotors that have been dropped
Check tubes for cracks/ chips.
Use matched sets of tubes,buckets etc.
Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups.
Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated.
Close lid during operation.
Allow to come to complete stop before opening.
SOL UTIO NS
ED U CA TIO N
SENDE RS
CA R RIER S
RECEI VE RS
,EXP ER TS”
MON EY
PACKAGI NG
FLEXIBI LI TY
Protect Yourself
Universal Precautions
TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS.
Skin protects from pathogens - cuts,dermatitis皮炎,chapping皲裂,small cracks allow germs to enter the body
First aid - use gloves,have as little contact as possible with
blood or body fluids
Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact
After contact,flush eyes and face with fresh water for several
minutes
Clean-Up and Safe
Housekeeping
After an accident,the entire area must be cleaned with
disinfectant
Cleaning equipment must be disinfected
Wear gloves while cleaning,‘apron 围裙 or goggles护目镜 if appropriate
Restrict access to the area
Use disposable towels - dispose of properly
Other Exposure Hazards
Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood,body fluids
ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
Be alert for sharp objects,broken glassware,used syringes
in trash
Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan
Dispose of glass,sharp objects safely
Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens被单 or sharp
objects
Common Sense Rules
Wash hands & remove protective clothing before
eating,drinking,smoking,handling contact lenses,
applying lip balm油膏 or cosmetics
Keep hands away from eyes,nose,mouth while
cleaning
Frequent handwashing is best defense against
spreading infection
Summary
Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts
Practice good personal hygiene
Follow work rules,use gloves and protective
clothing
Wash your hands often,after work or exposure
Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to
supervisors
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/
Labor ator y Bi osafety
T h e L a b o r a to r y Bio s a f e t y
Ma n u a l is a n i m p o r ta n t WHO
p u b li c a ti o n u s e d wo r l d w i d e
An Introduction
Introduction Development of Biosafety
Practices
1941 - Meyer and Eddie 74 lab
associated brucellosis infections in
US
1949 - Sulkin and Pike 222 viral
infections (21 fatal)
Only 27% related to known accidents
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the
bacteria of the genus Brucella,
These bacteria are primarily passed among animals,
and they cause disease in many different vertebrates,
Various Brucella species affect sheep,goats,cattle,
deer,elk,pigs,dogs,and several other animals,
Humans become infected by coming in contact with
animals or animal products that are contaminated
with these bacteria,
Cryptosporidiosis
Reston virus
Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever Cholera
E.coli O157
Typhoid
Diphtheria
EchinococcosisLassa fever
Yellow fever
Ebola
haemorrhagic
fever
O’nyong-nyong
fever
Human
Monkeypox
Cholera 0139
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever
Influenza A(H5N1)
Cholera
RVF/VHF
nvCJD
Ross River
virus
Equine
morbillivirus
Hendra virus
BSE
Multidrug resistant Salmonella
E.coli non-O157
West Nile Virus
Malaria
Nipah Virus
Reston Virus
Legionnaire’s Disease
Buruli ulcer
E.coli O157
West Nile FeverLyme Borreliosis
Major disease outbreaks worldwide
Classification of biological samples
biological samples are divided into
1,Infectious substances
2,Diagnostic specimens
Why Biosafety Practices?
Protection:
workers
,products”
co-workers
lab support personnel
environment
B iosafety
Bi ol ogi cal m at eri al s
Col l ect i on
Tran sp ort
Ma ni pul at i on
C ol l ecti on,tran s p ort & m ani p ulati on
A n y bio log ic a l s a mp le m a y be i nfe c tious
a nd the r e for e pr e s e n ts a ha za r d to a n y
pe r s on
d u r i n g coll ecti on
d u r i n g tran s p ort
d u r i n g op e n i n g an d p roceed i n g
Sa mp le C o l lec t ion
b y p at ient s
f a eces urin e sp ut um
b y m edical s ta ff
blo o d st erna l pu nct ure
a sp irat ion l iq uid s pus
粪便唾液,痰脓胸骨的吸出
Precautions during sample collection
Protect collector,colleague,staff...
wear gloves,coat,(mask,glasses)
VHF,double gloves,filer-masks,boots
VHF=(viral hemorrhagic fever)
dispose needles in special containers,without re-
capping,disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%),
incineration
clean working surfaces (hypochlorite)
decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)
HIV or AIDS
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
33.2 million (2007) 39.5 million (2006) people
are infected (UN)
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/20a
ids.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
An infected person may carry the virus for
years before symptoms appear
No cure and no vaccine at present
HBV or Hepatitis肝炎
(HBV=hepatitis B virus)
Inflammation of the liver - most common
bloodborne disease
Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all
No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread
the disease
Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA
annually
Bloodborne Diseases
HIV,Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS -
no cure or vaccination
(AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
HBV,Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease -
vaccination available
Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis
Syphilis梅毒
Malaria疟疾
Means of Transmission -
Must Enter Body
HBV,HIV virus present in blood,body fluids
Sexual contact with an infected partner
Sharing infected needles
Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is
contaminated with infected blood,body fluids
Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts,
sores伤口
Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes,mouth.
General Lab Requirements,Safety
Knowledgeable supervisor
Knowledgeable personnel
Aware of potential hazards
Proficient in practices &
techniques
Lab specific biosafety manual
Special Practices
Strictly follow guidelines:
Demonstrate proficiency
Receive appropriate training
Report incidents
Participate in medical surveillance
不能渗透的气溶胶,
啮齿动物
Laboratory safety
Special procedures
Decontaminate work surfaces
Report spills and accidents
No animals in laboratories
Decontamination Agent Selection:
Degree of microbial killing required
Nature of item/ surface to be treated
Ease of use
Safety Cost
容器
S amp le p r ep ar at i on
P r e fe r vial s su c h as v acu t ain e r s
c oag ul ation at r oo m te m p.
c e ntr i fuge c are ful l y
avo i d aer os ols
st ore
– ser o log y,- 2 0 C - 4 C
– v iro lo g y,f r ee z e ra p id ly
– b a cte rio lo g y,sto r e a t ro o m te mpera tu re
小瓶血清学
Centrifuge Hazard:
Mechanical failure of machine
Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.)
Aerosol generation
Operator error
Use safety cups whenever possible
Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakages
Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly
Do not use rotors that have been dropped
Check tubes for cracks/ chips.
Use matched sets of tubes,buckets etc.
Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups.
Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated.
Close lid during operation.
Allow to come to complete stop before opening.
SOL UTIO NS
ED U CA TIO N
SENDE RS
CA R RIER S
RECEI VE RS
,EXP ER TS”
MON EY
PACKAGI NG
FLEXIBI LI TY
Protect Yourself
Universal Precautions
TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS.
Skin protects from pathogens - cuts,dermatitis皮炎,chapping皲裂,small cracks allow germs to enter the body
First aid - use gloves,have as little contact as possible with
blood or body fluids
Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact
After contact,flush eyes and face with fresh water for several
minutes
Clean-Up and Safe
Housekeeping
After an accident,the entire area must be cleaned with
disinfectant
Cleaning equipment must be disinfected
Wear gloves while cleaning,‘apron 围裙 or goggles护目镜 if appropriate
Restrict access to the area
Use disposable towels - dispose of properly
Other Exposure Hazards
Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood,body fluids
ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
Be alert for sharp objects,broken glassware,used syringes
in trash
Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan
Dispose of glass,sharp objects safely
Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens被单 or sharp
objects
Common Sense Rules
Wash hands & remove protective clothing before
eating,drinking,smoking,handling contact lenses,
applying lip balm油膏 or cosmetics
Keep hands away from eyes,nose,mouth while
cleaning
Frequent handwashing is best defense against
spreading infection
Summary
Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts
Practice good personal hygiene
Follow work rules,use gloves and protective
clothing
Wash your hands often,after work or exposure
Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to
supervisors
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/
Labor ator y Bi osafety
T h e L a b o r a to r y Bio s a f e t y
Ma n u a l is a n i m p o r ta n t WHO
p u b li c a ti o n u s e d wo r l d w i d e
