Stewardship in
Biotechnology Research
研究为生物技术使用服务
A few examples within the College of Agriculture
Iowa State University
依阿华州立大学农学院简例
Dr,Mark Westgate
马克,维斯盖特博士
Professor of Crop Production and Physiology
Department of Agronomy
农学系作物生产和生理教授
Research on Transgenic Corn
转基因玉米研究
改良玉米的质量保尔 斯科特博士，美国农科院和州立大学农学系教授
在玉米上生产动物疫苗植物科学研究所生物药用研究所植物转化主任王侃博士
基因限界,花粉散布的模拟农学系教授马克,维斯盖特博士
非限制花粉流动（漂移〕造成的经济损失商学院教授德莫特 海斯博士
遗传修饰农业产品生物安全研究所,种子科学中心主任满基特密斯瑞博士
Improving maize quality
traits:
Dr,Paul Scott,USDA-ARS and Department of
Agronomy
Animal vaccines in corn:
Plant Sciences Institute
Biopharmaceutical Initiative,
Dr,Kan Wang,Director Plant Transformation
Facility
Gene Confinement:
Modeling Pollen Dispersal,Dr,Mark
Westgate,Department of Agronomy
Economic Cost of
Uncontrolled Pollen Flow:
Dr,Dermot Hayes,Pioneer Chair of Agribusiness
BIGMAP:
Biosafety Institutefor Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products,Dr,
Manjit Misra,Director Seed Science Center
Dr.Scott’s lab is using
a combination of
biochemistry,
molecular biology and
traditional plant
breeding to add value
to corn
斯科特博士的实验室综和利用生物化学，分子生物学和传统植物育种方法为玉米增加价值。
Maize quality traits
玉米质量性状
Sow’s milk contains
alpha lactalbumin
Alpha lactalbumin
protein is an ideal corn
feed additive
Dr,Scott eveloped
transgenic corn to
produce this protein in
the seed
Lines are being
developed for feeding
trials
母 猪 的 牛 奶 含
ａ -乳 清 白 蛋 白
ａ -乳 清 白 蛋 白是理想的玉米饲料添加剂
斯科特博士的转基因玉米在种子中生产该蛋白
含该基因的品系目前在饲喂试验中
alpha lactalbumin
Improving swine
nutrition
改 良 猪 肉 营 养
Animal vaccines in
corn
玉米中的动物疫苗
王博士的研究小组研究转基因玉米产生有活性功能的抗大肠杆菌毒素的疫苗抗体
该研究是州立大学植物研究所项目之一
喂养老鼠含抗体的玉米使老鼠不受抗大肠杆菌葡萄球菌毒素和霍乱弧菌毒素危害
Dr,Wang’s group
developed transgenic
corn plants that produce
a fully functional vaccine
antigen against an E.coli
toxin.
Part of the Plant Science
Institute Bio-
pharmaceutical Initiative
Feeding antigen-
containing corn to mice
protected them against E,
coli enterotoxin and
cholera toxin
E,coli
Scientific issues,
Proof of concept,Genetic
stability
Regulatory requirements,
Product comparability,
purity
Safety concerns,
Environmental impact,
Product protection,Gene
flow
Commercialization,
Economic and Legal issues
科学领域,证明概念,
保证遗传稳定性
管理要求,产品的可比性,纯度
安全性考虑,环境效应,
产品保护和基因漂移
商品化,经济和法律问题
Stewardship of Plant-Made
Pharmaceuticals and Industrials
为植物产药用工业服务
Confinement requirements in open field trials
田间试验的隔离要求
物理隔离,与其他玉米相隔大于 1英里
(1600米 )
时间隔离,在 1600米内,与其他玉米播种期相隔 28天 (提早或退后 )
农部动植物检疫中心对每个试验点进行田间检查
APHIS – Biotechnology
Regulatory Services visits each
site to check
Physical isolation,1
mile (1600m) from
any other corn
Temporal isolation:
planted ± 28 days
from any other
corn within 1600 m
2004 Colorado field site
managed by Horan Brothers,Agricultural Enterprizes
2004 年科罗拉多田间试验点是郝润兄弟农业企业
Physical isolation,
– More than 4800 m
from nearest corn
field
Temporal isolation:
– Planted 28 days
after nearest corn
field
物理隔离,与最近的玉米田相隔大于 4800
米
时间隔离,在周围玉米种植后 28天播种农部动植物检疫中心将对试验点进行田间检查
APHIS – Biotechnology
Regulatory Services was
there to check
Managing Transgene Flow:
转基因流动的管理
Pollen production
– Flower development
and function
Physical dispersal in air
– Atmospheric
conditions,wind
speed and direction,
stability index,
temperature,relative
humidity
Pollination biology
– Synchrony with female
flower development
and function
花粉的产生
- 漂移因子的产生和功能
在空气中的物理飘散
- 大气条件,风速和风向,
稳定指数,温度和相对湿度
授粉的生物学
- 与雌性花粉漂移因子发生和功能的同步性
Dr,Westgate and
colleagues have
developed computer
models to calculate
the amount of
pollen drift and the
potential for gene
flow from a field of
transgenic corn
维斯盖特博士和同事建立了计算机模型计算花粉漂移数量和转基因玉米田间花粉基因产生漂移的可能性
Modeling pollen dispersal
花粉飘散的模拟
Jul y 21,2000
g/m 2
1 poll en gr ai n/4 cm 2
at 0.2 5 p ollen gr ain /c m 2 d
po ten tial co nta m ina tion ~ 0,28 %
or ~ 3 ke rn els p er 10 00 ex po se d s ilks
100m
Large field studies
confirm model
predictions of pollen
dispersal
Gene flow to non-
transgenic corn was
closely correlated
with predicted pattern
of pollen movement
Loss of genetic purity
can be predicted
大型田间试验验证花粉飘散的预测
玉米转基因的漂移与预测的花粉移动模式紧密相关
遗传纯度的丢失可以预测
Predicting potential for
gene flow in corn
预测玉米基因漂移的可能性
Dr,Hayes analyzes the
cost and benefits of
PMP corn.
What would it cost to
insure a hectare of corn
against impurity due to
pollen drift?
Assuming 1% failure rate
of male sterility,and
impurity of 1 seed in 16
hectares,the cost
should be about $28.50
per hectare
海斯博士分析植物药用玉米的成本 -效益分析
保证 1公顷玉米不受因花粉飘散产生不纯的花费是多少?
假设雄性不育中断的机率是 1%,即每 16公顷有 1粒不纯的种子,
该花费是 28.50美元 /
公顷,
Economic Cost Associated with
Pollen Flow From Transgenic Crops
转基因玉米花粉漂移所产生的经济损失
BIGMAP,Biosafety Institute for Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products Dr,Manjit Misra,Director
转基因农业产品安全性研究所 主任满基特密斯瑞博士
BIGMAP was created
to provide science-
based analysis of the
risks and benefits of
genetically modified
plant and animal
products.
It provides guidance
and education about
GMAPs to help
safeguard consumers
and the environment,
中心的产生是为转基因动植物产品提供有科学根据的风险和效益评估。
为转基因农业产品提供指导和教育材料以保护消费者和环境。
BIGMAP,Biosafety Institute for Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products
转基因农业产品安全性研究所
Designed to ensure
pharmaceutical crops are
produced in a safe,
responsible,well-managed
and environmentally
friendly manner.
Methods developed help
growers take advantage of
new products to spur
economic growth,while
safeguarding valuable
agricultural resources.
该所的设计保证药用植物生产是在安全，
良好管理和环境友好前提下进行的。
该所研究出的方法帮助种生产者在保护可贵的农业资源的前提下，充分利用新产品获得经济效益 。
T r a n sfo r m a tio n
P lan t G e n e r a tio n
S e e d P r o d u c tio n
Cr o p P r o d u ctio n
Gr a in Har v e st,S t o r a g e a n d
T r a n sp o r t a tio n
F o o d P r o c e ssing
F inish e d P r o d u ct s
En v i r o n m e n ta l
C o n ta m i n a ti o n,
W i l d l i f e (Pl a n t & a n i m a l ),
W a t e r/ s o i l Q u a l i t y,
N a t i v e Sp e ci e s a n d
o t h e r C ro p s,e t c
F o o d C o n ta m i n a ti o n,
F o o d d e ri v e d d i re ct l y
f ro m p l a n t s (co rn f l a ke )
a n d / o r m e a t p ro d u ct s
(t h ru
a n i m a l f e e d ),
An i m a l Pro d u ct s
Se e d Pu ri t y,Pl a n t i n g,
cu l t i v a t i n g,v o l u n t e e r
cro p,Po l l e n D ri f t i n g,
H a rv e s t i n g & D ryi n g,
C o n d i t i o n i n g & St o ra g e
Ex t ra ct i o n,
p u ri f i ca t i o n,
F o rm u l a t i o n
Su p p o r ti n g s e r v i c e s
St a t i s t i cs,
Eco n o m i c s I m p a ct,
So ci a l I m p a ct
Si m i l a r t o a b o v e
BIGMAP Structure to Assess Risks of PMP Corn
BIGMAP药用玉米风险评估的结构环境污染,
野生生物,
(动物和植物 )
水土质量本土种类和其他作物食品污染,
直接由转基因植物生产的食品 (早餐玉米片 )或肉产品 (
转基因植物喂养的 )
种子纯度,
播种,锄自生作物,花粉飘散,收获和烘干,
清选和储藏同上榨取提纯配制支持服务,
统计记载经济影响社会影响基因转入植物体再生种子生产作物生产收获,储存和运输食品加工成品
BIGMAP -- National Leadership in
Stewardship of Biotechnology Research
BIGMAP–全美为生物技术提供服务研究的领先者
Build public trust
Ensure food safety
and security
Enhance export
issues based on
science rather than
politics/emotion
Counter agro-
terrorism
建立公众信任
保障食品食用和供给安全
提高出口问题上科学为主导,而不是政治或感情为主导的可能性
抗击农业恐怖行为
Acknowledgement to the contributors…
致谢
Dr,Paul Scott
Dr,Kan Wang
Dr,Susana Goggi
Dr,Ray Arritt
Dr,Dermot Hayes
Dr,Manjit Misra
保尔,斯科特博士
王侃博士
苏姗娜,高基博士
瑞,阿瑞特博士
德莫特,海斯博士
满基特,密斯瑞博士
Biotechnology Research
研究为生物技术使用服务
A few examples within the College of Agriculture
Iowa State University
依阿华州立大学农学院简例
Dr,Mark Westgate
马克,维斯盖特博士
Professor of Crop Production and Physiology
Department of Agronomy
农学系作物生产和生理教授
Research on Transgenic Corn
转基因玉米研究
改良玉米的质量保尔 斯科特博士，美国农科院和州立大学农学系教授
在玉米上生产动物疫苗植物科学研究所生物药用研究所植物转化主任王侃博士
基因限界,花粉散布的模拟农学系教授马克,维斯盖特博士
非限制花粉流动（漂移〕造成的经济损失商学院教授德莫特 海斯博士
遗传修饰农业产品生物安全研究所,种子科学中心主任满基特密斯瑞博士
Improving maize quality
traits:
Dr,Paul Scott,USDA-ARS and Department of
Agronomy
Animal vaccines in corn:
Plant Sciences Institute
Biopharmaceutical Initiative,
Dr,Kan Wang,Director Plant Transformation
Facility
Gene Confinement:
Modeling Pollen Dispersal,Dr,Mark
Westgate,Department of Agronomy
Economic Cost of
Uncontrolled Pollen Flow:
Dr,Dermot Hayes,Pioneer Chair of Agribusiness
BIGMAP:
Biosafety Institutefor Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products,Dr,
Manjit Misra,Director Seed Science Center
Dr.Scott’s lab is using
a combination of
biochemistry,
molecular biology and
traditional plant
breeding to add value
to corn
斯科特博士的实验室综和利用生物化学，分子生物学和传统植物育种方法为玉米增加价值。
Maize quality traits
玉米质量性状
Sow’s milk contains
alpha lactalbumin
Alpha lactalbumin
protein is an ideal corn
feed additive
Dr,Scott eveloped
transgenic corn to
produce this protein in
the seed
Lines are being
developed for feeding
trials
母 猪 的 牛 奶 含
ａ -乳 清 白 蛋 白
ａ -乳 清 白 蛋 白是理想的玉米饲料添加剂
斯科特博士的转基因玉米在种子中生产该蛋白
含该基因的品系目前在饲喂试验中
alpha lactalbumin
Improving swine
nutrition
改 良 猪 肉 营 养
Animal vaccines in
corn
玉米中的动物疫苗
王博士的研究小组研究转基因玉米产生有活性功能的抗大肠杆菌毒素的疫苗抗体
该研究是州立大学植物研究所项目之一
喂养老鼠含抗体的玉米使老鼠不受抗大肠杆菌葡萄球菌毒素和霍乱弧菌毒素危害
Dr,Wang’s group
developed transgenic
corn plants that produce
a fully functional vaccine
antigen against an E.coli
toxin.
Part of the Plant Science
Institute Bio-
pharmaceutical Initiative
Feeding antigen-
containing corn to mice
protected them against E,
coli enterotoxin and
cholera toxin
E,coli
Scientific issues,
Proof of concept,Genetic
stability
Regulatory requirements,
Product comparability,
purity
Safety concerns,
Environmental impact,
Product protection,Gene
flow
Commercialization,
Economic and Legal issues
科学领域,证明概念,
保证遗传稳定性
管理要求,产品的可比性,纯度
安全性考虑,环境效应,
产品保护和基因漂移
商品化,经济和法律问题
Stewardship of Plant-Made
Pharmaceuticals and Industrials
为植物产药用工业服务
Confinement requirements in open field trials
田间试验的隔离要求
物理隔离,与其他玉米相隔大于 1英里
(1600米 )
时间隔离,在 1600米内,与其他玉米播种期相隔 28天 (提早或退后 )
农部动植物检疫中心对每个试验点进行田间检查
APHIS – Biotechnology
Regulatory Services visits each
site to check
Physical isolation,1
mile (1600m) from
any other corn
Temporal isolation:
planted ± 28 days
from any other
corn within 1600 m
2004 Colorado field site
managed by Horan Brothers,Agricultural Enterprizes
2004 年科罗拉多田间试验点是郝润兄弟农业企业
Physical isolation,
– More than 4800 m
from nearest corn
field
Temporal isolation:
– Planted 28 days
after nearest corn
field
物理隔离,与最近的玉米田相隔大于 4800
米
时间隔离,在周围玉米种植后 28天播种农部动植物检疫中心将对试验点进行田间检查
APHIS – Biotechnology
Regulatory Services was
there to check
Managing Transgene Flow:
转基因流动的管理
Pollen production
– Flower development
and function
Physical dispersal in air
– Atmospheric
conditions,wind
speed and direction,
stability index,
temperature,relative
humidity
Pollination biology
– Synchrony with female
flower development
and function
花粉的产生
- 漂移因子的产生和功能
在空气中的物理飘散
- 大气条件,风速和风向,
稳定指数,温度和相对湿度
授粉的生物学
- 与雌性花粉漂移因子发生和功能的同步性
Dr,Westgate and
colleagues have
developed computer
models to calculate
the amount of
pollen drift and the
potential for gene
flow from a field of
transgenic corn
维斯盖特博士和同事建立了计算机模型计算花粉漂移数量和转基因玉米田间花粉基因产生漂移的可能性
Modeling pollen dispersal
花粉飘散的模拟
Jul y 21,2000
g/m 2
1 poll en gr ai n/4 cm 2
at 0.2 5 p ollen gr ain /c m 2 d
po ten tial co nta m ina tion ~ 0,28 %
or ~ 3 ke rn els p er 10 00 ex po se d s ilks
100m
Large field studies
confirm model
predictions of pollen
dispersal
Gene flow to non-
transgenic corn was
closely correlated
with predicted pattern
of pollen movement
Loss of genetic purity
can be predicted
大型田间试验验证花粉飘散的预测
玉米转基因的漂移与预测的花粉移动模式紧密相关
遗传纯度的丢失可以预测
Predicting potential for
gene flow in corn
预测玉米基因漂移的可能性
Dr,Hayes analyzes the
cost and benefits of
PMP corn.
What would it cost to
insure a hectare of corn
against impurity due to
pollen drift?
Assuming 1% failure rate
of male sterility,and
impurity of 1 seed in 16
hectares,the cost
should be about $28.50
per hectare
海斯博士分析植物药用玉米的成本 -效益分析
保证 1公顷玉米不受因花粉飘散产生不纯的花费是多少?
假设雄性不育中断的机率是 1%,即每 16公顷有 1粒不纯的种子,
该花费是 28.50美元 /
公顷,
Economic Cost Associated with
Pollen Flow From Transgenic Crops
转基因玉米花粉漂移所产生的经济损失
BIGMAP,Biosafety Institute for Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products Dr,Manjit Misra,Director
转基因农业产品安全性研究所 主任满基特密斯瑞博士
BIGMAP was created
to provide science-
based analysis of the
risks and benefits of
genetically modified
plant and animal
products.
It provides guidance
and education about
GMAPs to help
safeguard consumers
and the environment,
中心的产生是为转基因动植物产品提供有科学根据的风险和效益评估。
为转基因农业产品提供指导和教育材料以保护消费者和环境。
BIGMAP,Biosafety Institute for Genetically
Modified Agricultural Products
转基因农业产品安全性研究所
Designed to ensure
pharmaceutical crops are
produced in a safe,
responsible,well-managed
and environmentally
friendly manner.
Methods developed help
growers take advantage of
new products to spur
economic growth,while
safeguarding valuable
agricultural resources.
该所的设计保证药用植物生产是在安全，
良好管理和环境友好前提下进行的。
该所研究出的方法帮助种生产者在保护可贵的农业资源的前提下，充分利用新产品获得经济效益 。
T r a n sfo r m a tio n
P lan t G e n e r a tio n
S e e d P r o d u c tio n
Cr o p P r o d u ctio n
Gr a in Har v e st,S t o r a g e a n d
T r a n sp o r t a tio n
F o o d P r o c e ssing
F inish e d P r o d u ct s
En v i r o n m e n ta l
C o n ta m i n a ti o n,
W i l d l i f e (Pl a n t & a n i m a l ),
W a t e r/ s o i l Q u a l i t y,
N a t i v e Sp e ci e s a n d
o t h e r C ro p s,e t c
F o o d C o n ta m i n a ti o n,
F o o d d e ri v e d d i re ct l y
f ro m p l a n t s (co rn f l a ke )
a n d / o r m e a t p ro d u ct s
(t h ru
a n i m a l f e e d ),
An i m a l Pro d u ct s
Se e d Pu ri t y,Pl a n t i n g,
cu l t i v a t i n g,v o l u n t e e r
cro p,Po l l e n D ri f t i n g,
H a rv e s t i n g & D ryi n g,
C o n d i t i o n i n g & St o ra g e
Ex t ra ct i o n,
p u ri f i ca t i o n,
F o rm u l a t i o n
Su p p o r ti n g s e r v i c e s
St a t i s t i cs,
Eco n o m i c s I m p a ct,
So ci a l I m p a ct
Si m i l a r t o a b o v e
BIGMAP Structure to Assess Risks of PMP Corn
BIGMAP药用玉米风险评估的结构环境污染,
野生生物,
(动物和植物 )
水土质量本土种类和其他作物食品污染,
直接由转基因植物生产的食品 (早餐玉米片 )或肉产品 (
转基因植物喂养的 )
种子纯度,
播种,锄自生作物,花粉飘散,收获和烘干,
清选和储藏同上榨取提纯配制支持服务,
统计记载经济影响社会影响基因转入植物体再生种子生产作物生产收获,储存和运输食品加工成品
BIGMAP -- National Leadership in
Stewardship of Biotechnology Research
BIGMAP–全美为生物技术提供服务研究的领先者
Build public trust
Ensure food safety
and security
Enhance export
issues based on
science rather than
politics/emotion
Counter agro-
terrorism
建立公众信任
保障食品食用和供给安全
提高出口问题上科学为主导,而不是政治或感情为主导的可能性
抗击农业恐怖行为
Acknowledgement to the contributors…
致谢
Dr,Paul Scott
Dr,Kan Wang
Dr,Susana Goggi
Dr,Ray Arritt
Dr,Dermot Hayes
Dr,Manjit Misra
保尔,斯科特博士
王侃博士
苏姗娜,高基博士
瑞,阿瑞特博士
德莫特,海斯博士
满基特,密斯瑞博士
