Computer English
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-2
Key points:
useful terms and definitions
of Virtual Reality
Difficult points:
applications and features of
VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-3
Requirements:
1,Concept of virtual reality
2,Applications of VRML
3,Describe the features of VRML
4,了解 广告文体 的特点
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-4
New Words & Expressions:
presentation 陈述,表达 multisensory adj,多感官的
perspective 透视图,观点 illusion n,幻想
image 影像,图像 inherently 天性地,固有地
six-surface Cube 六面体 real-time 实时的
stereo 立体的,立体感觉的 resolution n.,分辨率
mount v,装配,安装 release v,释放,放弃
depth cue 深度暗示 projected adj,投影的
visual adj,视觉的 simulation n,模拟
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Abbreviations:
VR (Virtual Reality)虚拟现实
BOOM(BinocularOmni-Orientation Monitor)双目全方位监视器
HMD (head-mounted display)头盔显示器
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-5
One definition of virtual reality is a wide-field presentation
of computer-generated,multisensory information that
tracks a user in real time,This definition is used at the
Electronic Visualization Laboratory in Chicago (EVL[1]),In
other words,virtual reality[2] means that the user is
surrounded by a computer-generated image that changes
depending on the movements—i.e.shifts in perspective—of
the user.
虚拟现实的定义之一：虚拟现实是对由计算机生成的,能够实时追踪用户的多感官信息的一种笼统表述 。 芝加哥电子可视化实验室 （ EVL） 采用的就是这种定义 。 换句话说,
虚拟现实意味着用户被计算机生成的图景所包围,这些图景要依据用户的运动 （ 如 视角的转换 ） 而产生变化 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-6
The first attempt at virtual reality used head-mounted displays
(HMDs),In HMDs,projectors feed real-time images to small screens
attached inside a kind of helmet that the user wears,In the beginning,
HMDs often showed mono pictures,and the user’s head movements
were tracked,In modern HMDs,stereo pictures are standard,since
the technique has become cheaper,Typically,HMDs either have poor
resolution or are too heavy,Because only one person at a time can use
an HMD,discussion of images is much more difficult.
虚拟现实首次尝试使用了头盔式显示器 （ HMD） 。 在 HMD中,投影机把实时图景投影到附着于用户所带头盔内的小屏幕上 。 最初,HMD显示平面图片,追踪用户的头部运动 。 但在现代 HMD中,由于这项技术变得更加便宜,立体图片则成为了标准 。 通常说来,HMD或者分辨率过低或者过于笨重 。 由于一个 HMD一次只能由一个人使用,因此对图景的讨论就更加困难 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-7
To increase image quality,Fakespace[4] invented the BOOM
(Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor).Very small monitors are
mounted on a mechanical arm,and users look into the monitors like
they would look into a pair of binoculars,Tracking occurs when the
user moves the arm,which changes the perspective,When a user
releases the BOOM,another person can look at the same thing from
the same perspective,which is an advantage over HMDs,Since real
monitors are used,the resolution is good.
为了提高图景的质量,Fakespace发明了 BOOM（ 双目全方位监视器 ） 。
机械臂上固定着非常小的监视器,就象使用双目望远镜一样,用户使用监视器观察 。 用户移动机械臂时改变了视角,因此实现了追踪 。 当一个用户不用这个 BOOM后,另一个用户可以从相同的视角观察到相同的事物,这一点 BOOM要优于 HMD。 因为使用了真正的监视器,所以分辨率很好 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-8
The concept of a room with graphics projected from behind the walls
was invented at EVL in 1992,The images on the walls are usually in
stereo to give a depth cue,The main advantage over ordinary graphics
systems is that the users are surrounded by the projected images,
which means that the images are the users’main field of vision,This is
usually called a,CAVE”,CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment,The
first CAVE(as well as the concept) was created by the faculty,staff,
and students at EVL.
具有墙后投影生成图像的房间的概念是 1992年在 EVL发明的 。 墙上的图景通常是立体的以便能表现出深度 。 与普通的图形系统相比,它的主要优势在于用户被投影图像所包围,这意味着这些图景是用户的主要视野 。 它通常被称为 CAVE,即洞穴式自动虚拟环境 。 第一台 CAVE
（ 与其概念 ） 是由 EVL的全体教职员和同学共同创造的
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-9
New Words & Expressions:
interactive 交互的 intranet n,企业内部互联网
integrate 使成整体,结合 visualization n,可视化
presentation n,演示 virtual adj,虚拟的
criteria 准则 authorability n,创作性
compose 组成,写作,排字 re-usability n,可重用性
extensibility 可扩展性 explicitly 明白地,明确地
platform 平台 arbitrarily 武断地,任意地
static 静态的 animated 动画的,活生生的
dynamic 动态的 hyperlink 超级联接
author v,制作 available 可利用的
registration 注册,登记 community 团体,公用
interoperable 能共同使用的 extension n,延长,范围
scope 范围 specification 规范,说明书
14.2 About VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-10
New Words & Expressions:
conceptually 概念地 aural 听觉的
modify 更改,修改 mechanisms 机制
primary 原始的 composition 合成法,排版
encapsulation 封装 semantic 语义
resolution 分辨率 latitude 纬度,范围,地区
interpretation 解释,阐明 mouse 鼠标
implicitly 含蓄地,暗中地 coordinate 坐标
recursively 递归地,回归地 sphere 球体
reference 提及,参考书目 enclose 放入,封闭,包装
hierarchical 分层的,层次的 spatial adj,空间的
accumulation 积聚,积累 dissipate v,使消失,失去
intractable 难处理的 compact 紧凑的,简洁的
syntax n,语法
14.2 About VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-11
14.2 About VRML
Abbreviations,
VRML (The Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 虚拟现实建模语言
API (application programmer interface) 应用程序界面
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-12
14.2 About VRML
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is a file format
for describing interactive 3D objects and worlds,VRML is
designed to be used on the Internet,intranets,and local client
systems,VRML is also intended to be a universal interchange
format for integrated 3D graphics and multimedia,VRML may
be used in a variety of application areas such as engineering and
scientific visualization,multimedia presentations,entertainment
and educational titles,web pages,and shared virtual worlds.
虚拟现实建模语言 (VRML)是一种描述交互式三维对象及客观世界的文件格式 。 VRML用于 Internet,Intranet和局域客户系统 。
VRML也是组合三维图形和多媒体的通用转换格式 。 VRML的应用领域很广,包括工程,科学可视化,多媒体演示,娱乐教育,
Web页面和共享虚拟世界等方面 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-13
14.2 About VRML
14.2.1 Design Criteria
VRML has been designed to fulfill the following requirements:
Authorability
Enable the development of computer programs capable of
creating,editing,and maintaining VRML files,as well as
utomatic translation programs for converting other commonly
used 3D file formats into VRML files.
14.2.1 设计标准
VRML需要满足如下要求：
创作性使得应用程序能够建立,编辑,保存 VRML文件,也是一个自动翻译程序,能够将通常使用的 3D文件格式转换成 VRML文件 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-14
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.1 Design Criteria
Composability
Provide the ability to use and combine dynamic 3D objects
within a VRML world and thus allowre-usability.
l Extensibility
Provide the ability to add new object types not explicitly
defined in VRML.
重构性
能够在 VRML环境中使用和组合动态 3D对象,并允许重用 。
扩展性
能够加入在 VRML中没有明确定义的新的对象类型 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-15
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.1 Design Criteria
Implementability
Capable of implementation on a wide range of systems.
Performance
Emphasize scalable,interactive performance on a wide variety of
computing platforms.
l Scalability
Enable arbitrarily large dynamic 3D worlds.
适用性能够在各种系统中使用 。
性能在各种不同的计算机平台上强调可扩展的,交互的性能 。
可扩展性适于任意大的动态三维世界 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-16
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.2 CharacteristicsofVRML
VRML is capable of representing static and animated dynamic 3D
and multimedia objects with hyperlinks to other media such as
text,sounds,movies,and images [1],VRML browsers,as well as
authoring tools for the creation of VRML files,are widely
available for many different platforms.
VRML的特性
VRML能表示静态及动态的三维和多媒体对象,并通过超链接连到诸如文本,声音,电影及图像等其它媒体 。 VRML浏览器,同制作
VRML文件的制作工具一样,广泛应用于许多不同的平台上 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-17
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.2 CharacteristicsofVRML
VRML supports an extensibility model that allows new
dynamic 3D objects to be defined and a registration process
that allows application communities to develop interoperable
extensions to the base standard,There are mappings between
VRML objects and commonly used 3D application
programmer interface (API) features.
VRML支持扩展模式,即允许创建新的 3维动态对象,并允许应用程序组开发在基础模式上加以扩展的可共同操作的文件 。 在
VRML对象和通常使用的应用程序接口特性间有相应的映射 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-18
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.3 Scope
The VRML specification defines a file format that integrates 3D graphics
and multimedia,Conceptually,each VRML file is a 3D time-based space [3]
that contains graphic and aural objects that can be dynamically modified
through a variety of mechanisms,VRML defines a primary set of objects
and mechanisms that encourage composition,encapsulation,and extension.
领域
VRML规范定义了一种可将 3D图形和多媒体结合起来的文件格式 。 总体上,每个 VRML文件是 3维时间依赖空间,包含能够通过不同机制动态修改的图像和音频对象 。 VRML定义了一个对象的初始集,并允许将对象进行合成,封装和扩充 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-19
一,产品广告的结构 (Elementsofproductadvertisement)
一则广告一般包含如下内容：
(1) 标题,用于阐述该产品名称和最显著,最重要的特点,有的还用小标题进一步说明 。
(2) 产品样本照片或外形图,剖面图 。 这部分往往与标题相互配合,简短广告常省略此部分 。
(3) 正文列举其主要品种,规格,性能,用途和特点 。
(4) 商标,名称,代理机构,经销单位及地点,邮政编码,电话号码,
用户电报,电报挂号及联系人等商业信息 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-20
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
广告与其他科技文体有很大区别,它的语言不但精练,而且生动,活泼 。 它广泛采用了形象,拟人,典故,夸张等修辞手法和押韵,叠文,一语双关等文字技巧,以增强广告的渲染力 。 广告英语具有如下重要特色 。
(1) 使用不同字体和图形,突出最重要的,最令人感兴趣的信息 。 这种手段简洁易懂,使人一目了然 。 如：
(a) Finally,the dBASE,you’ve been waiting IV.
Get the new dBASE IV,Now for just $ 449
“大家盼望已久的 dBASE 增强型版本 dBASE IV 终于问世了 。 该软件目前的售价仅为 449美元 。
(b) Twice the performance at half the cost.
The New Ultra Graphics Accelerator from Metheus
“花一半的钱,却得双倍的性能,何乐而不为 ！,这是 Methus公司为其图形加速器所作的广告 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-21
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
(2) 别出心裁,用违反常规的说法,夸大其辞 。 如,
Are you getting fat & lazy waiting for your plotter?
Don’twait! — Get PLUMP
“绘图仪的速度实在太慢,使人等得又胖又懒,还是买 PLUMP吧 !”这是一家公司为推销其 PLUMP产品而作的极为夸张的广告 。
(3) 为使广告通俗易懂,常采用家喻户晓的口语和俗语等非正式文体,使公众感到亲切,便于记忆 。 如,Here’s proof that something small can be
powerful.这条广告说明了某微型机,体积虽小,但功能强大,。
A whole year without a single bug!
这说明该公司的产品质量过硬,,整整一年没有出一次故障,。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-22
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
(4) 为吸引顾客,使语言生动活泼,常采用形象化,拟人化等手段 。 例如,有一幅画着驴的广告,上写：
I feel like a donkey！ Fornot buying the,Access” portable computer.
这是 Access 为其便携式计算机做的广告,它给人一种幽默感,新鲜感 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-23
下面是一则广告,可从中体会广告文体的特点 。
Over l00 MB Removable Drives Fight it Out,Magnetic vs Optical
Storage systems with removable disks and capacities of 100 Mbytes or
more are beginning to be mounted in personal computers,Within a few
years floppy disks with capacities of over 100 Mbytes and optical disks with
capacities of 650 Mbytes are expected to be standard storage devices,There
types of high-density floppy disks have appeared in the US and Japan,with
the Zip drive from Iomega Corp of the US leading in shipments,The LS-
120 from Matsushita Industries,Ltd of Japan and the drive being
developed by Mitsumi Electric Co,follow closely in second and third place.
In optical disk drives,the CD-R drives are receiving high praise because it
allows data to be read on a standard CD-ROM drive
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-2
Key points:
useful terms and definitions
of Virtual Reality
Difficult points:
applications and features of
VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-3
Requirements:
1,Concept of virtual reality
2,Applications of VRML
3,Describe the features of VRML
4,了解 广告文体 的特点
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-4
New Words & Expressions:
presentation 陈述,表达 multisensory adj,多感官的
perspective 透视图,观点 illusion n,幻想
image 影像,图像 inherently 天性地,固有地
six-surface Cube 六面体 real-time 实时的
stereo 立体的,立体感觉的 resolution n.,分辨率
mount v,装配,安装 release v,释放,放弃
depth cue 深度暗示 projected adj,投影的
visual adj,视觉的 simulation n,模拟
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Abbreviations:
VR (Virtual Reality)虚拟现实
BOOM(BinocularOmni-Orientation Monitor)双目全方位监视器
HMD (head-mounted display)头盔显示器
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-5
One definition of virtual reality is a wide-field presentation
of computer-generated,multisensory information that
tracks a user in real time,This definition is used at the
Electronic Visualization Laboratory in Chicago (EVL[1]),In
other words,virtual reality[2] means that the user is
surrounded by a computer-generated image that changes
depending on the movements—i.e.shifts in perspective—of
the user.
虚拟现实的定义之一：虚拟现实是对由计算机生成的,能够实时追踪用户的多感官信息的一种笼统表述 。 芝加哥电子可视化实验室 （ EVL） 采用的就是这种定义 。 换句话说,
虚拟现实意味着用户被计算机生成的图景所包围,这些图景要依据用户的运动 （ 如 视角的转换 ） 而产生变化 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-6
The first attempt at virtual reality used head-mounted displays
(HMDs),In HMDs,projectors feed real-time images to small screens
attached inside a kind of helmet that the user wears,In the beginning,
HMDs often showed mono pictures,and the user’s head movements
were tracked,In modern HMDs,stereo pictures are standard,since
the technique has become cheaper,Typically,HMDs either have poor
resolution or are too heavy,Because only one person at a time can use
an HMD,discussion of images is much more difficult.
虚拟现实首次尝试使用了头盔式显示器 （ HMD） 。 在 HMD中,投影机把实时图景投影到附着于用户所带头盔内的小屏幕上 。 最初,HMD显示平面图片,追踪用户的头部运动 。 但在现代 HMD中,由于这项技术变得更加便宜,立体图片则成为了标准 。 通常说来,HMD或者分辨率过低或者过于笨重 。 由于一个 HMD一次只能由一个人使用,因此对图景的讨论就更加困难 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-7
To increase image quality,Fakespace[4] invented the BOOM
(Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor).Very small monitors are
mounted on a mechanical arm,and users look into the monitors like
they would look into a pair of binoculars,Tracking occurs when the
user moves the arm,which changes the perspective,When a user
releases the BOOM,another person can look at the same thing from
the same perspective,which is an advantage over HMDs,Since real
monitors are used,the resolution is good.
为了提高图景的质量,Fakespace发明了 BOOM（ 双目全方位监视器 ） 。
机械臂上固定着非常小的监视器,就象使用双目望远镜一样,用户使用监视器观察 。 用户移动机械臂时改变了视角,因此实现了追踪 。 当一个用户不用这个 BOOM后,另一个用户可以从相同的视角观察到相同的事物,这一点 BOOM要优于 HMD。 因为使用了真正的监视器,所以分辨率很好 。
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-8
The concept of a room with graphics projected from behind the walls
was invented at EVL in 1992,The images on the walls are usually in
stereo to give a depth cue,The main advantage over ordinary graphics
systems is that the users are surrounded by the projected images,
which means that the images are the users’main field of vision,This is
usually called a,CAVE”,CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment,The
first CAVE(as well as the concept) was created by the faculty,staff,
and students at EVL.
具有墙后投影生成图像的房间的概念是 1992年在 EVL发明的 。 墙上的图景通常是立体的以便能表现出深度 。 与普通的图形系统相比,它的主要优势在于用户被投影图像所包围,这意味着这些图景是用户的主要视野 。 它通常被称为 CAVE,即洞穴式自动虚拟环境 。 第一台 CAVE
（ 与其概念 ） 是由 EVL的全体教职员和同学共同创造的
14.1 An Introduction to and History of Virtual Reality
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-9
New Words & Expressions:
interactive 交互的 intranet n,企业内部互联网
integrate 使成整体,结合 visualization n,可视化
presentation n,演示 virtual adj,虚拟的
criteria 准则 authorability n,创作性
compose 组成,写作,排字 re-usability n,可重用性
extensibility 可扩展性 explicitly 明白地,明确地
platform 平台 arbitrarily 武断地,任意地
static 静态的 animated 动画的,活生生的
dynamic 动态的 hyperlink 超级联接
author v,制作 available 可利用的
registration 注册,登记 community 团体,公用
interoperable 能共同使用的 extension n,延长,范围
scope 范围 specification 规范,说明书
14.2 About VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-10
New Words & Expressions:
conceptually 概念地 aural 听觉的
modify 更改,修改 mechanisms 机制
primary 原始的 composition 合成法,排版
encapsulation 封装 semantic 语义
resolution 分辨率 latitude 纬度,范围,地区
interpretation 解释,阐明 mouse 鼠标
implicitly 含蓄地,暗中地 coordinate 坐标
recursively 递归地,回归地 sphere 球体
reference 提及,参考书目 enclose 放入,封闭,包装
hierarchical 分层的,层次的 spatial adj,空间的
accumulation 积聚,积累 dissipate v,使消失,失去
intractable 难处理的 compact 紧凑的,简洁的
syntax n,语法
14.2 About VRML
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-11
14.2 About VRML
Abbreviations,
VRML (The Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 虚拟现实建模语言
API (application programmer interface) 应用程序界面
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-12
14.2 About VRML
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is a file format
for describing interactive 3D objects and worlds,VRML is
designed to be used on the Internet,intranets,and local client
systems,VRML is also intended to be a universal interchange
format for integrated 3D graphics and multimedia,VRML may
be used in a variety of application areas such as engineering and
scientific visualization,multimedia presentations,entertainment
and educational titles,web pages,and shared virtual worlds.
虚拟现实建模语言 (VRML)是一种描述交互式三维对象及客观世界的文件格式 。 VRML用于 Internet,Intranet和局域客户系统 。
VRML也是组合三维图形和多媒体的通用转换格式 。 VRML的应用领域很广,包括工程,科学可视化,多媒体演示,娱乐教育,
Web页面和共享虚拟世界等方面 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-13
14.2 About VRML
14.2.1 Design Criteria
VRML has been designed to fulfill the following requirements:
Authorability
Enable the development of computer programs capable of
creating,editing,and maintaining VRML files,as well as
utomatic translation programs for converting other commonly
used 3D file formats into VRML files.
14.2.1 设计标准
VRML需要满足如下要求：
创作性使得应用程序能够建立,编辑,保存 VRML文件,也是一个自动翻译程序,能够将通常使用的 3D文件格式转换成 VRML文件 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-14
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.1 Design Criteria
Composability
Provide the ability to use and combine dynamic 3D objects
within a VRML world and thus allowre-usability.
l Extensibility
Provide the ability to add new object types not explicitly
defined in VRML.
重构性
能够在 VRML环境中使用和组合动态 3D对象,并允许重用 。
扩展性
能够加入在 VRML中没有明确定义的新的对象类型 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-15
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.1 Design Criteria
Implementability
Capable of implementation on a wide range of systems.
Performance
Emphasize scalable,interactive performance on a wide variety of
computing platforms.
l Scalability
Enable arbitrarily large dynamic 3D worlds.
适用性能够在各种系统中使用 。
性能在各种不同的计算机平台上强调可扩展的,交互的性能 。
可扩展性适于任意大的动态三维世界 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-16
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.2 CharacteristicsofVRML
VRML is capable of representing static and animated dynamic 3D
and multimedia objects with hyperlinks to other media such as
text,sounds,movies,and images [1],VRML browsers,as well as
authoring tools for the creation of VRML files,are widely
available for many different platforms.
VRML的特性
VRML能表示静态及动态的三维和多媒体对象,并通过超链接连到诸如文本,声音,电影及图像等其它媒体 。 VRML浏览器,同制作
VRML文件的制作工具一样,广泛应用于许多不同的平台上 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-17
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.2 CharacteristicsofVRML
VRML supports an extensibility model that allows new
dynamic 3D objects to be defined and a registration process
that allows application communities to develop interoperable
extensions to the base standard,There are mappings between
VRML objects and commonly used 3D application
programmer interface (API) features.
VRML支持扩展模式,即允许创建新的 3维动态对象,并允许应用程序组开发在基础模式上加以扩展的可共同操作的文件 。 在
VRML对象和通常使用的应用程序接口特性间有相应的映射 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-18
14.2 About VRML
l 14.2.3 Scope
The VRML specification defines a file format that integrates 3D graphics
and multimedia,Conceptually,each VRML file is a 3D time-based space [3]
that contains graphic and aural objects that can be dynamically modified
through a variety of mechanisms,VRML defines a primary set of objects
and mechanisms that encourage composition,encapsulation,and extension.
领域
VRML规范定义了一种可将 3D图形和多媒体结合起来的文件格式 。 总体上,每个 VRML文件是 3维时间依赖空间,包含能够通过不同机制动态修改的图像和音频对象 。 VRML定义了一个对象的初始集,并允许将对象进行合成,封装和扩充 。
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-19
一,产品广告的结构 (Elementsofproductadvertisement)
一则广告一般包含如下内容：
(1) 标题,用于阐述该产品名称和最显著,最重要的特点,有的还用小标题进一步说明 。
(2) 产品样本照片或外形图,剖面图 。 这部分往往与标题相互配合,简短广告常省略此部分 。
(3) 正文列举其主要品种,规格,性能,用途和特点 。
(4) 商标,名称,代理机构,经销单位及地点,邮政编码,电话号码,
用户电报,电报挂号及联系人等商业信息 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-20
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
广告与其他科技文体有很大区别,它的语言不但精练,而且生动,活泼 。 它广泛采用了形象,拟人,典故,夸张等修辞手法和押韵,叠文,一语双关等文字技巧,以增强广告的渲染力 。 广告英语具有如下重要特色 。
(1) 使用不同字体和图形,突出最重要的,最令人感兴趣的信息 。 这种手段简洁易懂,使人一目了然 。 如：
(a) Finally,the dBASE,you’ve been waiting IV.
Get the new dBASE IV,Now for just $ 449
“大家盼望已久的 dBASE 增强型版本 dBASE IV 终于问世了 。 该软件目前的售价仅为 449美元 。
(b) Twice the performance at half the cost.
The New Ultra Graphics Accelerator from Metheus
“花一半的钱,却得双倍的性能,何乐而不为 ！,这是 Methus公司为其图形加速器所作的广告 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-21
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
(2) 别出心裁,用违反常规的说法,夸大其辞 。 如,
Are you getting fat & lazy waiting for your plotter?
Don’twait! — Get PLUMP
“绘图仪的速度实在太慢,使人等得又胖又懒,还是买 PLUMP吧 !”这是一家公司为推销其 PLUMP产品而作的极为夸张的广告 。
(3) 为使广告通俗易懂,常采用家喻户晓的口语和俗语等非正式文体,使公众感到亲切,便于记忆 。 如,Here’s proof that something small can be
powerful.这条广告说明了某微型机,体积虽小,但功能强大,。
A whole year without a single bug!
这说明该公司的产品质量过硬,,整整一年没有出一次故障,。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-22
二,广告语言的特点 (Characteristicsofadvertisinglanguage)
(4) 为吸引顾客,使语言生动活泼,常采用形象化,拟人化等手段 。 例如,有一幅画着驴的广告,上写：
I feel like a donkey！ Fornot buying the,Access” portable computer.
这是 Access 为其便携式计算机做的广告,它给人一种幽默感,新鲜感 。
广告文体简介
Chapter 14 Virtual Reality
计算机专业英语 14-23
下面是一则广告,可从中体会广告文体的特点 。
Over l00 MB Removable Drives Fight it Out,Magnetic vs Optical
Storage systems with removable disks and capacities of 100 Mbytes or
more are beginning to be mounted in personal computers,Within a few
years floppy disks with capacities of over 100 Mbytes and optical disks with
capacities of 650 Mbytes are expected to be standard storage devices,There
types of high-density floppy disks have appeared in the US and Japan,with
the Zip drive from Iomega Corp of the US leading in shipments,The LS-
120 from Matsushita Industries,Ltd of Japan and the drive being
developed by Mitsumi Electric Co,follow closely in second and third place.
In optical disk drives,the CD-R drives are receiving high praise because it
allows data to be read on a standard CD-ROM drive
广告文体简介
