INFERTILITY
*Infertility affects 15% of reproductive age couples,
*Infertility is defined as a couple’s failure to conceive following 1
year of unprotected sexual intercourse,
*reproductive age
*endometriosis
*environmental and life-style issues,
*increased sexual contacts---pelvic inflammatory disease,
*deferred childbearing---increasing age,
CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
*anovulation 30%,
*anatomic defects of the female genital tract 30%,
*abnormal spermatogenesis 40%,
*male factors and ovulation disorders---commonly observed
causes
*BBT,biphasic temperature
*analysis of a semen specimen
*hysterosalpingogram
*diagnostic laparoscopy---complemenyary to the
hysterosalpingogram
ANOVULATION
*BBT
*a history of regular menstrual periods strongly suggests regular
ovulation,
*endometrial biopsy
*measurement of serum progesterone
*the urinary ovulation-detection kit
*symptoms---episodes of amemorihea,irregular,unpredictable
MC,hirsutism,galactorrhea,vaginal secretions
*abnormal androgen,prolactin,gonadotropin secretion,thyroid
dysfunction
ANATOMIC DISORDERS OF THE
FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
*sperm transport,fertilization,and implantation
*acquired and congenital disorders
*acute salpingitis---Asherman’s syndrome,curettage
*endometrosis,scarring and adhesions,surgery,tumors,trauma
*double vagina,double cervix,double uterus
TREATMENT OF THE INFERTILE
COUPLE
*anovulation
*anatomic abnormalities
*inadequate spermatogenesis
*assisted reproductive technologies---IVF,ZIFT