Foliar application
Chapter 6
? A foliar fertilizer is one that is applied to the
surface of the plant,
? Foliar uptake is important to aquatic plants and
when nutrients are sprayed on foliage in
horticulture and agriculture.
Foliar fertilizer
陆生植物可以通过气孔吸收气态养分, 如 CO2、
O2以及 SO2等 。
Leaves and other aerial plant organs are well able to take
up nutrients in gaseous form such as CO2,O2,and SO2 via the
stomata.
Gas nutrients uptake by the leaves
干重 (mg/ 株 ) 含硫量
(Smg/株 )
处 理
叶 根 叶 根
不供硫 0.8 1.5 1.9
2.0 11.4 1.9叶片供 SO2
根部供 SO42- 2.0 7.4 4.9
6.4
0.61
0.6
地上部供给 SO2或根系供给 SO42-烟草
干物质产量及含硫量
The effects of supply SO2 and SO42- on the biomass
and S content of tabacum
陆生植物因叶表皮细胞的外壁上覆盖有蜡质及
角质层, 对矿质元素的吸收有明显障碍 。
The process of nutrients uptake by leaf cells is
the same as that of nutrient absorption by plant root
cell.
The uptake of nutrients in ionic forms from
solution is limited as the outer epidermal cells of the
leaf are covered by the cuticle(表皮 ) which occurs in
all terrestrial（ 陆生 ） plant species,The cuticle
consist of two components cutin(角质 ） and wax
（ 腊质 ）,
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
叶表皮细胞外壁的示意图
角质 （ cutin)
半角质 (hemicutin)
果胶 (pectin)
蜡质 (wax)
角质
角质层
初生壁
次生壁
质膜细胞质 symplasm
蜡质覆盖
带除垢剂的小水滴小水滴
蜡质小秆
外质连丝 外质连丝
cuticle
Cell wall
细胞膜 cell membrane
ectoesmata
Waxes represents the water proofing
component of the cuticle,Due to their
hydrophobic nature waxes impede the
diffusion of hydrophilic ions.
So the leaves are not constructed for
the uptake of hydrophilic ions dissolved
in water,Nevertheless uptake of aqueous
plant nutrients at least in small quantities.
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
Advantage of foliar nutrition
1,Nutrients can be absorbed quickly
2,Foliar application is particularly useful under
conditions where nutrients uptake from the
soil is restricted,
3,Avoids the problem of nutrient fixation in the
soil, Such as iron,Mn,Zn and Cu,which are
frequently fixed by the soil particles,
The characteristics of foliar nutrition
? 4.Nutrients sprays are particularly used for
fruit trees,especially in grass-grown orchards.
? 5.Physiological disorders,such as,bitter pit”
in apples,which results from Ca deficiency,
can be alleviated to some extent by spraying
the fruit with a solution of Ca salt,
The characteristics of foliar nutrition
Advantage of foliar nutrition
The effect of foliar spraying of Cu on the wheat growing in Cu deficit soil
Treat ears/m2 seeds/ear seed weight（ g/m2）
No Cu
Soil dress CuSO4(kg/ha)
2.5
10.0
Foliar spraying Cu12%,2CuSO4(kg/ha)
elongation stage
elongation stage and heading stage
37.0 0.14 0.03
28.8 2.3 1.0
58.5 2.9 2.3
63.8 17.1 14.0
127.4 52.0 79.3
Disadvantages
Rate of application is limited (if it is too high,the
leaf will be harmed),It should be remembered that in
general leaves are only able to take up a relatively small
quantity of nutrients in comparison with plant demand,
especially for macronutrients,
So,It cannot replace the need for the application of
nutrients to the soil,
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
矿质养分的种类 (kinds of nutrients)
叶片对钾的吸收速率依次为,KCl>KNO3> K2HPO4； 对氮
的吸收为尿素 >硝酸盐 >铵盐。
矿质养分的浓度 (nutrient concentration)
在一定浓度范围内，矿质养分进入叶片的速率和数量随浓
度的提高而增加，但浓度过高会灼伤叶片 (scorching and
burning)。
Notices
植物种类和生长环境
Kinds of plant and grown conditions
Because Dicotyledonous leaf is big and the cuticle
is thin,the nutrient uptake by the leaf is easily;
? Reverse is the monocotyledonous.
? The crops grown in the field is different from the
same crops grown in the greenhouse
Notices
叶片对养分的吸附能力
Capability of ion sorption on leaf
? Nutrients uptake by the leaf is more effective the
longer the nutrient solution remains in the form a
fine film on the leaf surface.
? In order to obtain thin surface films which adhere
to the leaf surface,foliar spray solutions are often
supplemented with surfactants(表面活性剂）,
Notices
温度 (Temperature)
? On the hot clear days when evaporation is high
the water from the foliar spray can easily
evaporate,so spraying on cool cloudy days or
in evening,early morning to let the thin film
last for longer time on the leaf.
Notices
喷施次数与喷施量
Spray times and rate
? Spray times
? To the macronutrients,iron and Ca,
several application must be made,
? To other micronutrients,a foliar spray
applied once or twice and correctly timed,
is adequate to meet the demand of the
crop.
Notices
Chapter 6
? A foliar fertilizer is one that is applied to the
surface of the plant,
? Foliar uptake is important to aquatic plants and
when nutrients are sprayed on foliage in
horticulture and agriculture.
Foliar fertilizer
陆生植物可以通过气孔吸收气态养分, 如 CO2、
O2以及 SO2等 。
Leaves and other aerial plant organs are well able to take
up nutrients in gaseous form such as CO2,O2,and SO2 via the
stomata.
Gas nutrients uptake by the leaves
干重 (mg/ 株 ) 含硫量
(Smg/株 )
处 理
叶 根 叶 根
不供硫 0.8 1.5 1.9
2.0 11.4 1.9叶片供 SO2
根部供 SO42- 2.0 7.4 4.9
6.4
0.61
0.6
地上部供给 SO2或根系供给 SO42-烟草
干物质产量及含硫量
The effects of supply SO2 and SO42- on the biomass
and S content of tabacum
陆生植物因叶表皮细胞的外壁上覆盖有蜡质及
角质层, 对矿质元素的吸收有明显障碍 。
The process of nutrients uptake by leaf cells is
the same as that of nutrient absorption by plant root
cell.
The uptake of nutrients in ionic forms from
solution is limited as the outer epidermal cells of the
leaf are covered by the cuticle(表皮 ) which occurs in
all terrestrial（ 陆生 ） plant species,The cuticle
consist of two components cutin(角质 ） and wax
（ 腊质 ）,
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
叶表皮细胞外壁的示意图
角质 （ cutin)
半角质 (hemicutin)
果胶 (pectin)
蜡质 (wax)
角质
角质层
初生壁
次生壁
质膜细胞质 symplasm
蜡质覆盖
带除垢剂的小水滴小水滴
蜡质小秆
外质连丝 外质连丝
cuticle
Cell wall
细胞膜 cell membrane
ectoesmata
Waxes represents the water proofing
component of the cuticle,Due to their
hydrophobic nature waxes impede the
diffusion of hydrophilic ions.
So the leaves are not constructed for
the uptake of hydrophilic ions dissolved
in water,Nevertheless uptake of aqueous
plant nutrients at least in small quantities.
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
Advantage of foliar nutrition
1,Nutrients can be absorbed quickly
2,Foliar application is particularly useful under
conditions where nutrients uptake from the
soil is restricted,
3,Avoids the problem of nutrient fixation in the
soil, Such as iron,Mn,Zn and Cu,which are
frequently fixed by the soil particles,
The characteristics of foliar nutrition
? 4.Nutrients sprays are particularly used for
fruit trees,especially in grass-grown orchards.
? 5.Physiological disorders,such as,bitter pit”
in apples,which results from Ca deficiency,
can be alleviated to some extent by spraying
the fruit with a solution of Ca salt,
The characteristics of foliar nutrition
Advantage of foliar nutrition
The effect of foliar spraying of Cu on the wheat growing in Cu deficit soil
Treat ears/m2 seeds/ear seed weight（ g/m2）
No Cu
Soil dress CuSO4(kg/ha)
2.5
10.0
Foliar spraying Cu12%,2CuSO4(kg/ha)
elongation stage
elongation stage and heading stage
37.0 0.14 0.03
28.8 2.3 1.0
58.5 2.9 2.3
63.8 17.1 14.0
127.4 52.0 79.3
Disadvantages
Rate of application is limited (if it is too high,the
leaf will be harmed),It should be remembered that in
general leaves are only able to take up a relatively small
quantity of nutrients in comparison with plant demand,
especially for macronutrients,
So,It cannot replace the need for the application of
nutrients to the soil,
Uptake of mineral nutrients by the leaves
矿质养分的种类 (kinds of nutrients)
叶片对钾的吸收速率依次为,KCl>KNO3> K2HPO4； 对氮
的吸收为尿素 >硝酸盐 >铵盐。
矿质养分的浓度 (nutrient concentration)
在一定浓度范围内，矿质养分进入叶片的速率和数量随浓
度的提高而增加，但浓度过高会灼伤叶片 (scorching and
burning)。
Notices
植物种类和生长环境
Kinds of plant and grown conditions
Because Dicotyledonous leaf is big and the cuticle
is thin,the nutrient uptake by the leaf is easily;
? Reverse is the monocotyledonous.
? The crops grown in the field is different from the
same crops grown in the greenhouse
Notices
叶片对养分的吸附能力
Capability of ion sorption on leaf
? Nutrients uptake by the leaf is more effective the
longer the nutrient solution remains in the form a
fine film on the leaf surface.
? In order to obtain thin surface films which adhere
to the leaf surface,foliar spray solutions are often
supplemented with surfactants(表面活性剂）,
Notices
温度 (Temperature)
? On the hot clear days when evaporation is high
the water from the foliar spray can easily
evaporate,so spraying on cool cloudy days or
in evening,early morning to let the thin film
last for longer time on the leaf.
Notices
喷施次数与喷施量
Spray times and rate
? Spray times
? To the macronutrients,iron and Ca,
several application must be made,
? To other micronutrients,a foliar spray
applied once or twice and correctly timed,
is adequate to meet the demand of the
crop.
Notices
