Unit 2  Unit Two Section A Iron and the Effects of Exercise I. Greetings II. Review: 1. Key words: Text A: fantasy, suspicion, injection, deputy, considerate, restore, estate, fantastic, multiple, furnish, deceive, commission, substantial, arrest, motive, justify Text B: romantics, mysterious, exploit, sigh, simplify, standpoint, heave, shiver, exceeding, swear, disguise, switch 2. Key phrases and expressions: Text A: raise a glass to, turn out, buy up, live out, add on, fix up, sell sth. at a loss Text B: read about, for one thing, in the night, make an appointment, switch on, raise the devil, answer the door, stare after 3. Key structures: Text A: as引导的让步状从 Text B: now that用法 III. Start the new lesson: 1. Introduction: This passage is mainly about the relation between iron and exercises. A new study suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women, even cause iron deficiencies. If iron levels are low, you should modify your diet or take supplements. In general, it’s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. 2. Discourse analysis: Part 1 (paras. 1-3): This part is mainly about that the exercise, even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. Part 2 (paras 4-6): This part tells us that iron deficiency is very common among women and the general causes for it. Part 3 (paras 7-12): This part tells us that there are three stages of iron deficiency and its effects on health. 3. Language Points: 1. moderate : a. of middle degree The car was traveling at a moderate speed. Now he could afford a house of moderate size 2. evidence n. sth, such as a fact, sign ,or object that gives proof or reasons to believe or agree with sth There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease. Today there is no evidence to support this theory. 3. consume : (1) vt eat or drink (2) vt. use up He would consume nearly two pounds of milk per day. Some air conditioners consume 70 percent less electricity than the old models 4. supplements: n. pill or a special kind of food that one eats in order to improve one’s health. I take supplements regularly and do exercises every day Vt. make additions to They are doing extra jobs outside their regular ones to supplement their incomes 5. bounce back: v. return to the normal and healthy state of feeling or activity We lost two or three early games in the World Cup but we bounced back. He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment 6. up to: as far as or including. Up to 10 men can sleep in this tent Everyone works from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the president. 7. at risk : in danger The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk 8. plus: prep. with addition of 3 plus 6 is 9. This work needs experience plus care 9. liable: a. likely, esp. from habit or tendency He is liable to shout when angry. Often suffering, she will not grow into a woman particularly liable to depression 10. tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency Because of not being able to cope with everyday life they were tipped over the edge into breakdown 11. digestive: a. connected with or helping in the digesting of food digestive functions This oil is very good for regulating digestive disorders 12. vessel: n..(1) a tube that carries blood Blood vessels are the narrow tubes through which your blood flows. (2) a ship or large boat : a naval vessel 13. typically adv. in usual conditions Typically, he would come in late and then say he was sorry He greeted me with typical American hospitality 14. fatigue: n. great tiredness Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. She continued to have severe stomachaches and fatigue. 15. sufficient: a. enough We don’t have food sufficient for everybody. There is no sufficient evidence to show that he suffered from iron deficiency. Lighting levels should be sufficient for taking photos if you don’ t have a flash. 15. compound : n . sth considering of a combination of 2 or more parts Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules. It’s a compound of water sugar and vitamins. 16. indicate :vt. show; suggest A survey of retired people has indicated that mist are independent and enjoying life. This indicates whether vitamins are suitable for children. 17. storage: n. the act of storing storage. space / Some of the space will at first be used for storage. 18. advisable: a. that is advised or thought best to so It’s advisable that you leave now. It is not advisable for pregnant women to travel by air after the 28th week of pregnancy. 19. yearly: a. a every year; once in a year yearly income / yearly output / We paid a yearly visit to my uncle. 20. modify: vt change sth. slightly, esp. to improve it These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully. The training program has been modified to the benefits of the students. Adjectives modify nouns. 21. undo : vt. remove the effects of She knew it would be difficult to undo the damage that had been done. If he won, he would undo everything I have fought for. 22. throw up: vomit ;be sick The child has thrown up her dinner again. Jane can’t come she’s been throwing up all morning. 23. select: vt. choose as the best most suitable He selected three books from the offered list and bought them. 24. plentiful: enough in quantity They had a plentiful supply of food on the ship. 25.derive from: obtain from He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others. He derives much pleasure from books. 26. striking: a. which draws the attention, esp. because of being attractive or unusual a striking idea / a woman with striking good looks He bears a striking resemblance his father. 27. go up: rise increase The temperature is going up, will the snow melt? My weight keeps going up although I try not to eat too much. 28.interfer with: get in the way of; prevent from working or happening Nothing must be allowed to interfere with our plans for the weekend. You mustn’t allow your family duties to interfere with your work. 29. sum up: give the main idea of sth. written or spoken give a short account of sth. You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech. I can best sum up three advantages of the system by describing some recent encouraging changes. 30. remedy : vt,. put or make right to remedy an justice A great deal has been done internationally to remedy the situation in the Middle East. 31.calculate: vt. work out or find out by using numbers From this table you can calculate the total profit we made this month. 32.restrict: vt keep within limits As the campus is small, there is a need to restrict the number of students. IV. Summary: This is an essay that deals with the relationship between iron deficiency and physical exercises. Iron deficiency and physical exercises are closely related to each other, we need to take proper measures to correct iron deficiency. However, exercise can have many unexpected effects on the body. It would appear that these effects can both be unexpectedly good and occasionally bad. V. Homework: Write a composition: Reading can improve our writing ability Section B Does Exercises Have Unexpected Benefits? I. Greetings II. Review: 1. Answer the question according to section A: What’s the three stages of iron deficiency? 2. Have a dictation of one paragraph: It’s usually considered that exercise can strengthen the body. However, a new research suggests that exercise can have a positive effect on mental function. Exercise can boost the brain and improve the speed with which the brain process information. So it may power up the brain. Inactivity may have negative effects on mind as its on body. III. Start the new lesson 1. Introduction: This passage talks about the relationship between exercises and intelligence which suggests that a healthy body is a healthy mind. The writer pay more attention to the importance of the exercises because of the scientific evidence, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges, however inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. 2. Discourse analysis Part 1 (paras. 1-7): The research on rats and human beings show that exercise plays a positive part in mental development. Part 2 (paras. 8-11): According to scientists’ further research, exercise has important impact on both body and mind alike. 3. Language Points 1. succession: n. a number of persons or things following one after the other He took a succession of jobs from which he got much experience. 2. a succession of things: the same kind is a number of them that exist or happen one after the other 3. imply: vt. suggest His manner implies that he would like to come with us. Are you implying that I am the one to blame. 4. benefit from: gain advantages, pleasure, or profit from sth. Did you benefit from your holiday? Both sides benefit from the talk. 5. primary : chief A primary cause of Tom’s failure is his laziness. That’s the primary reason for the failure of the business. 6. vigorous: a. powerful; strong He is more vigorous than skillful. Very vigorous exercise can increase the risks of heart attacks. 7. exhibit: vt show in public as for sale He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry. His work was exhibited in America, Europe and Asia. 8.boost: vt help to advance or improve We need a holiday to take action to boost the economy. n. increase It would get the economy going and give us the boost that we need. 9. logical: a. according to the rules of logic or reason He was unwilling to admit that the logical outcome could be a company reduced in size. 10. apply to: (1) have an effect on This part of the new law does not apply to Scotland. (2) make a formal request to You must apply to the general manager for an increase in pay. 11. in response to: as an answer to He went to open the door in response to knock. A meeting was called in response to his proposal. 12. go through: pass I have to go through the final examination before e I can leave school. Your suggestion has to go through several stages. 13. stem from: originate in; come from Dependence on alcohol often stems from unhappiness in the room. Mental illness can stem from being treated improperly in childhood. 14. speculate: guess John refuses to speculate about the content of the letter. The doctors speculate that he died of cancer. 15. attribute to: believe to be the result of sth. Jim attributes his success to hard work. Some scientists attribute the poor function of the brain to lack of physical exercise. 16. penalty: n. punishment Why should I pay the penalty for someone else’s mistake. 17. literature: n. a set of works on a particular subject This work is documented in the scientific literature. 18. academic: a. concerning teaching or studying, esp. in college or university 19. edge: n. advantage that makes one stronger or more likely to be successful The three days France has to prepare could give them the edge over England. With excellent production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge. 20. concentrate: v. direct all one’s thoughts, efforts, and attention towards sth. If you don’t concentrate more on your work, you will be fired. I don’t know what’s wrong with me today. I can’t concentrate myself in class. 21. revise: v. change because of new information or more thought I have to revise my opinion about the profession I’m in. I must revise for the examination. 22. consequently: ad. as a result; therefore The rain was heavy, and consequently the land was flooded. He had broken his legs in a car accident. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair. 23. tackle: vt. deal with The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils didn’t know how to tackle it. The computer can tackle the problem when programmed properly. 25. alike: ad. in the same way A teacher should treat all his students alike. Some people think that men and women think alike. 26. comment: v. give an opinion about or an explanation for The police refuse to comment on whether anyone has been arrested. So far, the chairman has not commented on the report I submitted to him. 27. beneficial: a. helpful; good for someone These vitamins are beneficial to our health. Using computers has a beneficial effect on children’s learning. 28. density: n the quality of being closely packed or crowded together population density / area with high densities of immigrant population 29. cell: n. a very small division of living matter, with one center of activity blood cells / cell walls IV. Summary: This passage deals with the idea that exercises can bring many benefits to us. It also explores the relationship between exercise and intelligence, which suggests that a healthy body is a healthy mind. Many experiments show that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning. It is concluded that inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. V. Do Exercises VI. Homework: preview Unit 3 Section A