世界森林概况（英文版）：y0900e05

136 ANNEX 1 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS 137 Natural expansion of forest Expansion of forest through natural succession on land that until then was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). It implies a transformation from non-forest to forest. Reforestation Establishment of forest plantations on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered forest. Natural regeneration on forest lands Natural succession of forest on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered forest. Deforestation The conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 per- cent threshold (see the definition of forest and the following ex- planatory note). Explanatory note: Deforestation implies the long-term or per- manent loss of forest cover and implies transformation into an- other land use. Such a loss can only be caused and maintained by a continued human-induced or natural perturbation. Defor- estation includes areas of forest converted to agriculture, pas- ture, water reservoirs and urban areas. The term specifically excludes areas where the trees have been removed as a result of harvesting or logging and where the forest is expected to regen- erate naturally or with the aid of silvicultural measures. Unless logging is followed by the clearing of the remaining logged-over forest for the introduction of alternative land uses, or the clear- ings are maintained through continued disturbance, forests com- monly regenerate, although often to a different, secondary con- dition. In areas of shifting agriculture, forest, forest fallow and agricultural lands appear in a dynamic pattern where deforesta- tion and the return of forest occur frequently in small patches. To simplify reporting of such areas, the net change over a larger area is typically used. Deforestation also includes areas where, for example, the impact of disturbance, overutilization or changing environmental conditions affects the forest to an extent that it cannot sustain a tree cover above the 10 percent threshold. Forest degradation Changes within the forest that negatively affect the structure or function of the stand or site, and thereby lower its capacity to supply products and/or services. FOREST AND RELATED LAND COVER These terms have been adopted for use in the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000. Further information on definitions has been published in FAO documents (FAO, 1998d; FAO, 2000f), which are available on the FAO Web site at: www.fao.org/FOR- ESTRY/FO/FRA/index.jsp. Forest Forest includes natural forests and forest plantations. The term is used to refer to land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 ha. Forests are determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m. Young stands that have not yet reached, but are expected to reach, a crown density of 10 percent and tree height of 5 m are included under forest, as are temporarily unstocked areas. The term includes forests used for purposes of production, protection, multiple use or conservation (i.e. forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protected areas), as well as forest stands on agricultural lands (e.g. windbreaks and shelterbelts of trees with a width of more than 20 m) and rubberwood plantations and cork oak stands. The term specifically excludes stands of trees estab- lished primarily for agricultural production, for example fruit tree plantations. It also excludes trees planted in agroforestry systems. Natural forest A forest composed of indigenous trees, and not classified as forest plantation. Forest plantation A forest established by planting and/or seeding in the process of afforestation or reforestation. It consists of introduced species or, in some cases, indigenous species. Other wooded land Land that has either a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of 5 to10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent of trees not able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity; or a shrub or bush cover of more than 10 percent. Afforestation Establishment of forest plantations on land that until then was not classified as forest. It implies a transformation from non-forest to forest. DEFINITIONS USED IN THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 138 Forest improvement Changes within the forest that positively affect the structure or function of the stand or site, and thereby increase its capacity to supply products and/or services. FOREST PRODUCTS These definitions are an abbreviated form of those used in the FAO Yearbook of Forest Products, which includes full details (FAO, 2000c). Roundwood Wood in its natural state as removed from forests and from trees outside forests; wood in the rough. Commodities include all forms of industrial roundwood and fuelwood. Woodfuel Wood that will be used “in the rough” as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or power generation; and wood that will be used for charcoal production. Industrial roundwood The commodities included in this category are sawlogs or veneer logs, pulpwood and other industrial roundwood. In the case of trade, chips and particles and wood residues are also included. Sawnwood Wood (including sleepers) sawn lengthwise or produced by a profile-chipping process, and planed wood. Wood-based panels An aggregate term including the following commodities: veneer sheets, plywood, particle board and fibreboard. Particle board includes varieties such as oriented strand board (OSB) and flakeboard. Fibreboard includes hardboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and insulation fibreboard. Pulp for paper This includes both wood pulp (mechanical, semi-chemical and chemical) and other fibre pulp (straw, bamboo and bagasse, etc.). Recovered paper Used paper and paperboard or residues from paper conversion that are collected for reuse as a raw material for the manufacture of paper, paperboard or other products. Paper and paperboard The following commodities are included in this aggregate: news- print, printing and writing paper, other paper and paperboard. Non-wood forest products Goods of biological origin other than wood that are derived from forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests. 139 ACRONYMS AIJ Activities Implemented Jointly (FCCC) APFC Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ATO African Timber Organization BAS Belize Audubon Society CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market CATIE Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Center CBC community-based conservation CCAB-AP Central American Council for Forests and Protected Areas (CCAD) CCAD Central American Commission on Environment and Development CDM Clean Development Mechanism (FCCC) CEFDHAC Conference on the Central African Moist Forest Ecosystems CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites CEPI Confederation of European Paper Industries CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora COFO Committee on Forestry (FAO) CONAF Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile) COP Conference of the Parties CPF Collaborative Partnership on Forests CSA Canadian Standards Association CSD Commission on Sustainable Development (UN) DFID Department for International Development (UK) EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EEC European Economic Community EU European Union FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change FORIS Forestry Information System FPIRS Forest Policy Implementation Review and Strategy (World Bank) FRA 2000 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 FSC Forest Stewardship Council GAI gross annual increment GEF Global Environment Facility GFMC Global Fire Monitoring Centre GIS Geographic Information System GMO genetically modified organism ICDP integrated conservation and development project ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development 140 ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agroforestry IDRC International Development Research Centre IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFF Intergovernmental Forum on Forests IIED International Institute for Environment and Development (UK) ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPF Intergovernmental Panel on Forests ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN) ISO International Organization for Standardization ITC International Trade Centre ITFF Interagency Task Force on Forests (UN) ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN World Conservation Union IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations IYM International Year of Mountains JFM Joint Forest Management JI Joint Implementation (projects) (FCCC) LAES Latin American Economic System LEI Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute LUCF Land Use Change and Forestry (FCCC) LULUCF land use, land use change and forestry (projects) (FCCC) LVL laminated veneer lumber MDF medium-density fibreboard NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAI net annual increment NGO non-governmental organization NTCC National Timber Certification Council (Malaysia) NWFP non-wood forest product OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ONF Office National des Forêts (France) OSB oriented strand board PAGE Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems PEFC Pan-European Forest Certification Framework PROFOR Programme on Forests (UNDP) QELRC quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment (FCCC) RIL reduced impact logging SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SADC Southern African Development Community SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice (FCCC) SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technology Advice (Conference on Biological Diversity) SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SPF South Pacific Forum TCA Treaty for Amazonian Co-operation TMCF Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (Initiative) 141 UKWAS United Kingdom Woodland Assurance Scheme UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UN-ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNF United Nations Foundation UNFF United Nations Forum on Forests WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre WCPA World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN) WMO World Meteorological Organization WRI World Resources Institute WTO World Trade Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 142 ANNEX 2 DATA TABLES 143 TABLE 2 and TABLE 3 These figures for 2000 represent the most current global data set available for forest area and forest area change. The source of the data is the FAO Forest Resources Assessment 2000 Project. Adjustments to the standard reference years 1990 and 2000 were made by FAO. “Total forest” is the sum of natural forest plus forest plantations. Forest area change is the net change in forests and includes expansion of forest plantations and losses and gains in the area of natural forests. In Table 2, “volume” refers to total volume over bark of living trees above 10 cm diameter at breast height. “Biomass” refers to above-ground mass of the woody part (stem, bark, branches, twigs) of trees (alive or dead), shrubs and bushes. For industrialized countries (i.e. Europe, CIS countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States), the stem volume for all living trees has been used for the volume figure. Some variation as to the minimum diameter applied is reported in UN-ECE/FAO (2000b). TABLE 4 The table summarizes information collected for FRA 2000 on the status and trends of forest management as of the end of 2000. It includes information by country on membership of ecoregional processes on criteria and indicators for sustainable forest man- agement, the area of forest under management plans, the area of forest under legal protection status and the area of forest certified under various certification schemes. Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management Criteria and indicators processes are abbreviated as follows: ATO = African Timber Organization DZAf = Dry-Zone Africa Process on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management DFAs = Regional Initiative for the Development and Implemen- tation of National Level Criteria and Indicators for the Sustain- able Management of Dry Forests in Asia EUR = Pan-European Forest Process on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management ITTO = International Tropical Timber Organization LEP = Lepaterique Process of Central America on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management MON = Montreal Process on Criteria and Indicators for the Con- servation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Bo- real Forests EXPLANATORY NOTES GENERAL Country/area nomenclature and regional groups used in the data tables The country/area names and order used in these tables follow standard UN practice regarding nomenclature and al- phabetical listing. Data for “China” incorporate values for China (including Hong Kong Special Adminstrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region) and for Taiwan Province of China. The regional groups used in these tables represent FAO’s standardized regional breakdown of the world according to geographic – not economic or political – criteria. Totals Numbers may not tally because of rounding. Abbreviations GDP = gross domestic product GNP = gross national product n.s. = not significant, indicating a very small value n.a. = not available - = not available n.ap. = not applicable TABLE 1 The “land area” figure refers to the total area of a country, excluding areas under inland water bodies. The source of these data is the FAO Production Yearbook 1998 (FAO, 1999b), except in the case of 17 countries (marked in the table with an asterisk) whose land areas have been amended to reflect data recently provided to FAO by these countries. The forest cover figure for each country has been calibrated to the country’s land area. Population statistics on total population, population density and annual rate of change are taken from World population prospects – the 1998 revision (UN, 1999). The source of “Rural population” data is World urbanization prospects – the 1996 revision (UN, 1997). The source of the economic data is World Development Indicators 1999 (World Bank, 2000c). The GNP per capita figure represents the gross national product (GNP) divided by the mid-year population. The data are in constant 1995 US dollars. The annual percentage growth rate figures of gross domestic product (GDP) are based on constant local currency. 144 NE = Near East Process on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management TARA = Tarapoto Proposal of Criteria and Indicators for Sustainability of the Amazon Forest All 29 ITTO producer countries have been involved in the development of the ITTO Criteria and Indicators; however, only those countries implementing the ITTO criteria and indicators as part of an ITTO project are included in the table. The remaining ITTO producer countries are also members of other ongoing international processes on criteria and indicators and are devel- oping and implementing criteria and indicators under separate, but linked, initiatives (e.g. Lepaterique, Tarapoto and ATO). Bosnia-Herzegovina, Georgia, San Marino and Yugoslavia were invited to join the Pan-European Forest Process as of De- cember 2000 and have been included in the table. Cuba and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic have devel- oped national level criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management without being members of any of the above pro- cesses. Area under forest management plans Different definitions for the area of forest under management plans were used for developing and industrialized countries. The definition used for developing countries is “The area of forest which is managed for various purposes (conservation, production, other) in accordance with a formal, nationally ap- proved management plan over a sufficiently long period (five years or more)”. The definition used for industrialized countries (Europe, Cyprus, Turkey, Israel, CIS countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States) also included ar- eas with a regularly applied informal plan, and areas where a decision has been made not to manage the forests at all (UN- ECE/FAO, 2000b). For this reason, regional totals are not pro- vided in the table. The figures for area under forest management plans were taken from national reports and calculated as a percentage of the total forest area in 2000. Where national reports indicated that all forests were under management, the percentage was set to 100 percent. Partial data were obtained from a variety of pub- lished sources. For Georgia, forests classified as “undisturbed” were not in- cluded in the reported figure. For the Philippines, the figure represents the aggregated area covered by tenurial agreements for “forest land” and includes areas that were not defined as forests according to the FRA 2000 definition. A forest management plan is required under these agreements, but may not have been formally approved for all areas. For Australia, only forests managed for wood supply were included. For Finland, the original figure provided was 18.6 million ha. However, a total of 21.9 million ha of forest had been certified as of December 2000. As this implies the existence of a manage- ment regime, the higher figure was used. For Italy, only forests with specific management plans were included. All other forests in the country are submitted to general silvicultural prescriptions. For Guyana, the figure represents the area under concession agreements, as all concessionaires are required to prepare a forest management plan as a prerequisite to government approval. Numbers with an asterisk (*) represent partial data, as national figures were not available. Forest in protected areas “Forest in protected areas” refers to areas within IUCN Catego- ries I to VI for nature protection. The “Country report data” col- umn gives figures provided in country submissions to FRA 2000 in which the term “protection” was interpreted broadly, particu- larly for IUCN Categories V to VI, which may include areas under general forest management. The “Global map data” col- umn gives figures derived from an overlay of the FRA 2000 global maps of forest cover and the FRA 2000 (in partnership with UNEP-WCMC) global mapping of protected areas with a legal protection status. Percentages refer to the percentage of total forest area under protected area status. Forest areas certified The cumulative area of forests certified under the following schemes is listed. ATFP = American Tree Farm Program (as of December 2000) CSA = Canada’s National Sustainable Forest Management Sys- tem Standard (as of 21 December 2000) FSC = Forest Stewardship Council – Accredited Certification Bodies (as of 31 December 2000) GT = Green Tag (United States) (as of 31 December 2000) PEFC = Pan-European Forest Certification (national schemes endorsed by the PEFC Council) (as of December 2000) SFI = Sustainable Forest Initiative Program – American Forest and Paper Association (for Canada, as of 21 December 2000; for the United States, as of October 2000) Although more than 29 million ha of land were enrolled in SFI in the United States and Canada, only those areas that were independently certified are included. Areas certified under the ISO 14001 Environmental Manage- ment System Standard scheme (e.g. about 30 980 000 ha in Canada and more than 300 000 ha in New Zealand) are in- cluded only if also certified under specific forest certification schemes. Ghana, Malaysia and Indonesia, among others, are develop- ing national certification schemes under which additional areas 145 1 The full name is the Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa. 2 The full name is the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially as Waterfowl Habitat. nature is indicated by “s”, and ratification or accession is indicated by “r”. Convention to Combat Desertification. Status as of 31 July 2000; information source: the Convention’s Web site (www.unccd.int/main.php). CITES. Status as of 7 September 2000; information source: the CITES Web site (www.wcmc.org.uk/CITES). Ramsar Convention. Status as of 6 September 2000; infor- mation source: the Ramsar Web site (www.ramsar.org). World Heritage Convention. Status as of 2 October 2000; information source: the World Heritage Web site (www.unesco.org.whc/wldrat.htm). International Tropical Timber Agreement 1994. Status as of 31 December 1999; information source: ITTO. In addition to the countries indicated in the table, the Eu- ropean Community has ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity, the FCCC and the Convention to Combat Deserti- fication, and the European Union has signed the International Tropical Timber Agreement 1994. may soon be certified. Approximately 2 325 000 ha of forests in three states of Malaysia (Pahang, Terengganu and Selangor) have, as a first step, been assessed to the requirements of a mutually agreed standard and were awarded “audit statements” by an independent third-party assessor (the Keurhout Foundation) under the Malaysia/Netherlands cooperation programme (H. Singh, National Timber Certification Council, Malaysia, per- sonal communication, 2001). TABLE 5 This table gives data for all regions, broken down by country or territory. The source is the FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 1998 (FAO, 2000c). The information is also available through the FAO Web site at: www.fao.org. A “0” indicates either a true zero or an insignificant value (less than half a unit). The regional totals may differ from the sum of the totals for the countries and territories included in the table, the difference being due either to the rounding of num- bers or to territories not included in the tables. TABLE 6 This table lists countries that have ratified the following con- ventions: the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Frame- work Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, the Convention to Combat Desertification, 1 the Con- vention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Ramsar Convention 2 and the World Heritage Convention. It also indicates countries that have rati- fied the International Tropical Timber Agreement (i.e. the mem- bers of the International Tropical Timber Organization). The reference date for the ratification status and the source of information on these conventions and agreements are as follows: Convention on Biological Diversity. Status as of 14 August 2000; information source: the Convention’s Web site (www.biodiv.org). FCCC. Status as of 25 May 2000; information source: the FCCC Web site (www.unfccc.de.). The countries listed in An- nex I (developed countries and countries in transition) of the FCCC are marked with an asterisk (*). Kyoto Protocol (to the FCCC). Status as of 7 August 2000; information source: the FCCC Web site (www.unfccc.de) Sig- 146 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. TABLE 1 BASIC DATA ON COUNTRIES AND AREAS Country/area Land area Population Economic indicators Total, Total, Density, Annual rate Rural, GNP Annual growth 1999 1999 1999 of change, 1999 per capita, rate of GDP, (’000 ha) (Thousands) (Population/ 1995-2000 1997 1997 km 2 ) (%) (%) (US$) (%) Algeria 238 174 30 774 12.9 2.3 41.5 1 409 1.3 Angola 124 670 12 479 10.0 3.3 66.5 159 7.6 Benin 11 062 5 937 53.3 2.7 58.5 381 5.6 Botswana 56 673 1 597 2.8 1.9 29.4 3 307 6.9 Burkina Faso 27 360 11 616 42.5 2.8 82.1 250 5.5 Burundi 2 568 6 565 255.6 1.7 91.3 141 0.4 Cameroon 46 540 14 693 31.6 2.7 51.9 587 5.1 Cape Verde 403 418 103.7 2.4 39.5 1 108 3.0 Central African Republic 62 298 3 550 5.7 1.9 59.2 341 5.1 Chad 125 920 7 458 5.9 2.7 76.5 218 6.5 Comoros 186 * 676 303.1 2.8 67.3 413 0.0 Congo 34 150 2 864 8.4 2.8 38.3 633 -1.9 C?te d’Ivoire 31 800 14 526 45.7 1.8 54.1 727 6.0 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 226 705 50 335 22.2 2.6 70.0 114 -5.7 Djibouti 2 318 629 27.1 1.2 17.0 n.a. 0.5 Egypt 99 545 67 226 67.5 1.9 54.3 1 097 5.5 Equatorial Guinea 2 805 442 15.8 2.5 52.9 892 76.1 Eritrea 11 759 * 3 719 36.8 3.9 81.6 222 7.9 Ethiopia 110 430 * 61 095 61.1 2.5 82.8 112 5.6 Gabon 25 767 1 197 4.6 2.6 45.9 3 985 4.1 Gambia 1 000 1 268 126.8 3.3 68.2 342 5.4 Ghana 22 754 19 678 86.5 2.7 62.2 384 4.2 Guinea 24 572 7 360 30.0 0.8 68.0 552 4.8 Guinea-Bissau 3 612 * 1 187 42.2 2.2 76.7 232 5.0 Kenya 56 914 29 549 51.9 2.0 67.9 330 2.1 Lesotho 3 035 2 108 69.5 2.2 72.9 734 8.0 Liberia 11 137 * 2 930 30.4 8.6 52.7 n.a. n.a. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 175 954 5 471 3.1 2.4 12.8 n.a. n.a. Madagascar 58 154 15 497 26.6 3.0 71.1 229 3.6 Malawi 9 408 10 640 113.1 2.5 85.1 163 5.1 Mali 122 019 10 960 9.0 2.5 70.6 259 6.7 Mauritania 102 522 2 598 2.5 2.8 43.6 452 4.5 Mauritius 203 1 150 566.5 0.8 58.9 3 796 5.0 Morocco 44 630 27 867 62.4 1.8 45.4 1 281 -2.0 Mozambique 78 409 19 286 24.6 2.5 61.1 131 12.4 Namibia 82 329 1 695 2.1 2.3 60.2 2 196 1.8 Niger 126 670 10 400 8.2 3.2 79.9 202 3.4 Nigeria 91 077 108 945 119.6 2.4 56.9 239 3.9 Réunion 250 691 276.4 1.3 29.8 n.a. n.a. Rwanda 2 467 7 235 293.3 8.0 93.9 207 10.9 Saint Helena 31 6 19.4 0.8 33.3 n.a. n.a. Sao Tome and Principe 96 144 150.0 2.1 54.2 297 1.0 Senegal 19 253 9 240 48.0 2.6 53.7 554 5.2 Seychelles 45 77 171.1 1.1 41.6 7 031 4.3 Sierra Leone 7 162 4 717 65.9 3.0 64.1 150 -20.2 Somalia 62 734 9 672 15.4 4.2 72.9 n.a. n.a. South Africa 121 758 * 39 900 32.7 1.5 49.9 3 377 1.7 Sudan 237 600 28 883 12.2 2.1 64.9 255 4.6 Swaziland 1 720 980 57.0 2.9 65.3 1 555 3.7 Togo 5 439 4 512 83.0 2.7 67.3 337 4.7 Tunisia 16 362 * 9 460 60.9 1.4 35.2 2 092 5.4 Uganda 19 965 21 143 105.9 2.8 86.2 326 5.4 United Rep. of Tanzania 88 359 32 793 37.1 2.3 72.9 183 4.1 Western Sahara 26 600 284 1.1 3.4 4.9 n.a. n.a. Zambia 74 339 8 976 12.1 2.3 55.8 387 3.5 Zimbabwe 38 685 11 529 29.8 1.4 65.4 656 3.2 Total Africa 2 978 397 766 627 25.7 2.4 63.0 ... ... 147 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Land area Population Economic indicators Total, Total, Density, Annual rate Rural, GNP Annual growth 1999 1999 1999 of change, 1999 per capita, rate of GDP, (’000 ha) (Thousands) (Population/ 1995-2000 1997 1997 km 2 ) (%) (%) (US$) (%) Afghanistan 64 958 * 21 923 33.6 2.9 78.5 n.a. n.a. Armenia 2 820 3 525 125.0 -0.3 30.3 896 3.1 Azerbaijan 8 359 * 7 697 88.9 0.4 43.1 472 3.2 Bahrain 69 606 878.3 2.1 8.1 n.a. n.a. Bangladesh 13 017 126 947 975.2 1.7 79.4 352 5.9 Bhutan 4 700 2 064 43.9 2.8 93.1 406 n.a. Brunei Darussalam 527 322 61.1 2.2 28.6 n.a. 4.0 Cambodia 17 652 10 945 62.0 2.3 77.2 303 1.0 China 932 742 1 274 106 136.6 0.9 66.2 668 8.8 Cyprus 924 778 84.2 1.1 43.8 n.a. n.a. Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea 12 041 23 702 196.8 1.6 37.5 n.a. n.a. East Timor 1 479 * 871 58.6 1.7 92.5 n.a. n.a. Gaza Strip 38 1 077 2 834.2 4.4 5.5 n.a. n.a. Georgia 6 831 * 5 006 71.8 -1.1 39.8 689 11.0 India 297 319 998 056 335.7 1.7 71.9 392 5.2 Indonesia 181 157 209 255 115.5 1.4 60.8 1 096 4.9 Iran, Islamic Rep. 162 200 66 796 41.2 1.7 38.9 1 581 n.a. Iraq 43 737 22 450 51.3 2.8 23.6 n.a. n.a. Israel 2 062 6 101 295.9 2.2 8.9 15 456 2.2 Japan 37 652 126 505 336.0 0.2 21.3 43 574 0.8 Jordan 8 893 4 823 54.2 3.1 26.4 1 479 1.7 Kazakhstan 267 073 16 269 6.1 -0.3 38.7 1 277 1.7 Kuwait 1 782 1 897 106.5 3.1 2.5 n.a. n.a. Kyrgyzstan 19 180 4 669 24.3 0.6 60.2 817 9.9 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 23 080 5 297 23.0 2.6 77.1 414 6.5 Lebanon 1 023 3 236 316.3 1.8 10.7 n.a. n.a. Malaysia 32 855 21 830 66.4 2.0 43.5 4 469 7.8 Maldives 30 278 926.7 2.8 71.9 1 107 6.2 Mongolia 156 650 2 621 1.7 1.7 37.0 391 3.3 Myanmar 65 755 45 059 68.5 1.2 72.7 n.a. n.a. Nepal 14 300 23 385 163.5 2.4 88.4 216 4.0 Oman 21 246 2 460 11.6 3.4 17.8 n.a. n.a. Pakistan 77 088 152 331 197.6 2.8 63.5 502 -0.4 Philippines 29 817 74 454 249.7 2.1 42.3 1 170 5.2 Qatar 1 100 589 53.5 1.8 7.8 n.a. n.a. Republic of Korea 9 873 46 480 470.8 0.8 14.8 11 028 5.5 Saudi Arabia 214 969 20 899 9.7 3.4 14.9 6 739 1.9 Singapore 61 3 522 5 773.8 1.4 0.0 32 486 7.8 Sri Lanka 6 463 18 639 288.4 1.0 76.7 770 6.4 Syrian Arab Republic 18 378 15 725 85.6 2.6 46.0 1 138 4.0 Tajikistan 14 087 * 6 104 43.4 1.5 67.3 319 n.a. Thailand 51 089 60 856 119.1 0.9 78.8 2 821 -0.4 Turkey 76 963 65 546 85.2 1.7 25.9 3 119 7.7 Turkmenistan 46 993 4 384 9.3 1.8 54.6 642 n.a. United Arab Emirates 8 360 2 398 28.7 2.0 14.5 n.a. n.a. Uzbekistan 41 424 23 942 57.8 1.6 57.9 n.a. 5.4 Viet Nam 32 549 78 705 241.8 1.6 80.3 299 8.8 West Bank 580 1 660 286.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Yemen 52 797 17 488 33.1 3.8 62.9 223 5.4 Total Asia 3 084 742 3 634 278 117.8 1.4 63.0 ... ... Albania 2 740 3 113 113.6 -0.4 61.3 757 -7.0 Andorra 45 75 166.7 4.0 5.3 n.a. n.a. Austria 8 273 8 177 98.8 0.5 35.4 29 309 4.0 Belarus 20 748 10 274 49.5 -0.3 26.3 2 047 10.4 Belgium and Luxembourg 3 282 10 579 322.3 0.1 3.0 28 284 2.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 100 3 839 75.3 3.1 57.3 n.a. n.a. Bulgaria 11 055 8 279 74.9 -0.7 30.3 1 273 -6.9 Croatia 5 592 4 477 80.1 -0.1 42.7 4 092 n.a. Czech Republic 7 728 10 262 132.8 -0.2 33.9 5 111 1.0 Denmark 4 243 5 282 124.5 0.3 14.4 36 418 3.3 148 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Land area Population Economic indicators Total, Total, Density, Annual rate Rural, GNP Annual growth 1999 1999 1999 of change, 1999 per capita, rate of GDP, (’000 ha) (Thousands) (Population/ 1995-2000 1997 1997 km 2 ) (%) (%) (US$) (%) Estonia 4 227 1 412 33.4 -1.2 26.0 3 689 11.4 Finland 30 459 5 165 17.0 0.3 35.4 26 020 6.3 France 55 010 58 886 107.0 0.4 24.6 27 437 2.4 Germany 34 927 82 178 235.3 0.1 12.7 30 133 1.7 Greece 12 890 10 626 82.4 0.3 40.1 11 343 n.a. Hungary 9 234 10 076 109.1 -0.4 33.5 4 517 4.6 Iceland 10 025 279 2.8 0.9 7.9 n.a. n.a. Ireland 6 889 3 705 53.8 0.7 41.7 17 739 10.0 Italy 29 406 57 343 195.0 0.0 33.1 19 104 1.5 Latvia 6 205 2 389 38.5 -1.5 26.0 2 815 6.6 Liechtenstein 16 32 200.0 1.3 81.3 n.a. n.a. Lithuania 6 258 * 3 682 56.8 -0.3 25.9 2 015 5.7 Malta 325 386 1 206.2 0.7 9.8 9 368 2.9 Netherlands 3 392 15 735 463.9 0.4 10.7 27 402 3.4 Norway 30 683 4 442 14.5 0.5 26.0 35 947 3.4 Poland 30 442 38 740 127.3 0.1 34.8 3 472 6.9 Portugal 9 150 9 873 107.9 0.0 62.5 11 243 4.0 Republic of Moldova 3 297 4 380 132.8 0.0 45.5 641 1.3 Romania 23 034 22 402 97.3 -0.4 42.3 1 399 -6.6 Russian Federation 1 688 850 147 196 8.7 -0.2 22.7 2 235 0.8 San Marino 6 26 433.3 1.3 3.8 n.a. n.a. Slovakia 4 808 5 382 111.9 0.1 39.4 3 645 6.5 Slovenia 2 012 1 989 98.9 0.0 47.7 10 163 3.8 Spain 49 944 39 634 79.4 0.0 22.6 14 800 3.7 Sweden 41 162 8 892 21.6 0.2 16.7 25 685 1.2 Switzerland 3 955 7 344 185.7 0.7 37.7 46 448 1.7 The FYR of Macedonia 2 543 2 011 79.1 0.6 38.4 1 053 1.5 Ukraine 57 935 50 658 87.4 -0.4 28.0 1 452 -3.2 United Kingdom 24 160 58 974 244.1 0.2 10.7 19 946 3.5 Yugoslavia 10 200 10 637 104.3 0.1 40.8 n.a. n.a. Total Europe 2 259 957 728 831 32.2 0.0 25.4 ... ... Antigua and Barbuda 44 67 152.3 0.5 64.2 7 331 n.a. Bahamas 1 001 301 30.1 1.8 12.0 n.a. n.a. Barbados 43 269 625.6 0.5 50.6 n.a. n.a. Belize 2 280 235 10.3 2.4 53.6 2 547 2.6 Bermuda 5 64 1 280.0 0.8 n.a n.a. n.a. British Virgin Islands 15 21 140.0 2.7 38.1 n.a. n.a. Canada 922 097 30 857 3.3 1.0 23.0 19 267 5.4 Cayman Islands 26 37 142.3 3.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. Costa Rica 5 106 3 933 77.0 2.5 48.7 2 626 3.2 Cuba 10 982 11 160 101.6 0.4 22.5 n.a. n.a. Dominica 75 71 94.7 -0.1 29.6 2 940 1.9 Dominican Republic 4 838 8 364 172.9 1.7 35.5 1 659 8.2 El Salvador 2 072 6 154 297.0 2.1 53.7 1 684 4.0 Greenland 34 170 56 0.2 0.1 17.9 n.a. n.a. Grenada 34 93 273.5 0.3 62.4 3 052 n.a. Guadeloupe 169 450 266.3 1.4 0.2 n.a. n.a. Guatemala 10 843 11 090 102.3 2.7 59.9 1 481 4.3 Haiti 2 756 8 087 293.4 1.7 65.8 364 1.1 Honduras 11 189 6 316 56.4 2.8 53.7 723 4.5 Jamaica 1 083 2 560 236.4 0.9 44.4 1 525 -2.4 Martinique 106 392 369.8 0.9 5.4 n.a. n.a. Mexico 190 869 97 365 51.0 1.6 25.8 3 304 7.0 Montserrat 10 11 110.0 -0.3 81.8 n.a. n.a. Netherlands Antilles 80 215 268.8 1.1 30.2 n.a. n.a. Nicaragua 12 140 4 938 40.7 2.8 35.8 408 n.a. Panama 7 443 2 812 37.8 1.7 42.7 2 993 n.a. Puerto Rico 887 3 839 432.8 0.8 25.1 n.a. n.a. Saint Kitts and Nevis 36 39 108.3 -0.8 66.7 6 032 n.a. Saint Lucia 61 152 249.2 1.4 62.5 3 454 n.a. 149 Country/area Land area Population Economic indicators Total, Total, Density, Annual rate Rural, GNP Annual growth 1999 1999 1999 of change, 1999 per capita, rate of GDP, (’000 ha) (Thousands) (Population/ 1995-2000 1997 1997 km 2 ) (%) (%) (US$) (%) Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Saint Pierre and Miquelon 23 7 30.4 0.3 14.3 n.a. n.a. Saint Vincent and Grenadines 39 113 289.7 0.7 46.9 2 335 n.a. Trinidad and Tobago 513 1 289 251.3 0.5 26.5 4 119 3.2 United States 915 895 * 276 218 30.2 0.8 23.0 28 310 6.9 United States Virgin Islands 34 94 276.5 -0.8 54.3 n.a. n.a. Total North and Central America 2 136 964 477 669 22.3 1.6 26.8 ... ... American Samoa 20 66 330.0 3.7 48.5 n.a. n.a. Australia 768 230 18 701 2.4 1.0 15.3 19 689 1.7 Cook Islands 23 19 82.6 0.6 36.8 n.a. n.a. Fiji 1 827 806 44.1 1.2 58.1 2 340 -1.8 French Polynesia 366 231 63.1 1.8 43.3 n.a. n.a. Guam 55 164 298.2 2.1 61.0 n.a. n.a. Kiribati 73 82 112.3 1.4 63.4 839 3.0 Marshall Islands 18 62 344.4 3.3 29.0 1 473 -5.2 Micronesia 70 116 165.7 2.0 70.7 1 886 -4.0 Nauru 2 11 550.0 1.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. New Caledonia 1 828 210 11.5 2.1 36.2 n.a. n.a. New Zealand 26 799 3 828 14.3 1.0 13.3 15 233 2.4 Niue 26 2 7.7 -1.9 50.0 n.a. n.a. Northern Mariana Islands 46 74 160.9 5.9 45.9 n.a. n.a. Palau 46 19 41.3 2.4 26.3 n.a. n.a. Papua New Guinea 45 239 * 4 702 10.4 2.2 82.9 931 -6.5 Samoa 283 177 62.5 1.4 78.5 1 239 4.0 Solomon Islands 2 856 * 430 15.4 3.2 80.9 797 -0.5 Tonga 72 98 136.1 0.3 55.1 1 635 -1.7 Vanuatu 1 219 186 15.3 2.4 80.1 1 315 2.7 Total Oceania 849 098 29 984 3.5 1.3 29.8 ... ... Argentina 273 669 36 577 13.4 1.3 10.9 8 755 8.6 Bolivia 108 438 8 142 7.5 2.4 36.0 912 4.2 Brazil 845 651 167 988 19.9 1.3 19.3 4 514 3.2 Chile 74 880 15 019 20.1 1.4 15.5 4 478 7.1 Colombia 103 870 41 564 40.0 1.9 25.5 2 039 3.1 Ecuador 27 684 12 411 44.8 2.0 38.3 1 531 3.4 Falkland Islands 1 217 2 0.2 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. French Guiana 8 815 174 2.0 4.3 22.4 n.a. n.a. Guyana 21 498 * 855 4.3 0.7 62.3 766 n.a. Paraguay 39 730 5 358 13.5 2.6 44.8 1 946 3.5 Peru 128 000 25 230 19.7 1.7 27.6 2 580 7.2 Suriname 15 600 415 2.7 0.4 48.4 940 n.a. Uruguay 17 481 3 313 19.0 0.7 8.9 6 076 5.1 Venezuela 88 205 23 706 26.9 2.0 13.0 3 499 5.1 Total South America 1 754 738 340 754 19.4 1.5 20.7 ... ... TOTAL WORLD 13 063 896 5 978 143 45.8 1.3 53.0 ... ... 150 TABLE 2 FOREST RESOURCES, 2000 Country/area Land area Forest area, 2000 Wood volume Wood biomass (’000 ha) in forests in forests Total forest Percentage Area per Forest (m 3 /ha) (t/ha) (’000 ha) of land area capita plantations (%) (ha) (’000 ha) Algeria 238 174 2 145 0.9 0.1 718 44 75 Angola 124 670 69 756 56.0 5.6 141 39 54 Benin 11 063 2 650 24.0 0.4 112 140 195 Botswana 56 673 12 427 21.9 7.8 1 45 63 Burkina Faso 27 360 7 089 25.9 0.6 67 10 16 Burundi 2 568 94 3.7 n.s. 73 110 187 Cameroon 46 540 23 858 51.3 1.6 80 135 131 Cape Verde 403 85 21.1 0.2 85 83 127 Central African Republic 62 297 22 907 36.8 6.5 4 85 113 Chad 125 920 12 692 10.1 1.7 14 11 16 Comoros 186 8 4.3 n.s. 2 60 65 Congo 34 150 22 060 64.6 7.7 83 132 213 C?te d’Ivoire 31 800 7 117 22.4 0.5 184 133 130 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 226 705 135 207 59.6 2.7 97 133 225 Djibouti 2 317 6 0.3 n.s. - 21 46 Egypt 99 545 72 0.1 n.s. 72 108 106 Equatorial Guinea 2 805 1 752 62.5 4.0 93 158 Eritrea 11 759 1 585 13.5 0.4 22 23 32 Ethiopia 110 430 4 593 4.2 0.1 216 56 79 Gabon 25 767 21 826 84.7 18.2 36 128 137 Gambia 1 000 481 48.1 0.4 2 13 22 Ghana 22 754 6 335 27.8 0.3 76 49 88 Guinea 24 572 6 929 28.2 0.9 25 117 114 Guinea-Bissau 3 612 2 187 60.5 1.8 2 19 20 Kenya 56 915 17 096 30.0 0.6 232 35 48 Lesotho 3 035 14 0.5 n.s. 14 34 34 Liberia 11 137 3 481 31.3 1.2 119 201 196 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 175 954 358 0.2 0.1 168 14 20 Madagascar 58 154 11 727 20.2 0.8 350 114 194 Malawi 9 409 2 562 27.2 0.2 112 103 143 Mali 122 019 13 186 10.8 1.2 15 22 31 Mauritania 102 522 317 0.3 0.1 25 4 6 Mauritius 202 16 7.9 n.s. 13 88 95 Morocco 44 630 3 025 6.8 0.1 534 27 41 Mozambique 78 409 30 601 39.0 1.6 50 25 55 Namibia 82 329 8 040 9.8 4.7 0 7 12 Niger 126 670 1 328 1.0 0.1 73 3 4 Nigeria 91 077 13 517 14.8 0.1 693 82 184 Réunion 250 71 28.4 0.1 3 115 160 Rwanda 2 466 307 12.4 n.s. 261 110 187 Saint Helena 31 2 6.5 0.3 2 - - Sao Tome and Principe 95 27 28.3 0.2 - 108 116 Senegal 19 252 6 205 32.2 0.7 263 31 30 Seychelles 45 30 66.7 0.4 5 29 49 Sierra Leone 7 162 1 055 14.7 0.2 6 143 139 Somalia 62 734 7 515 12.0 0.8 3 18 26 South Africa 121 758 8 917 7.3 0.2 1 554 49 81 Sudan 237 600 61 627 25.9 2.1 641 9 12 Swaziland 1 721 522 30.3 0.5 161 39 115 Togo 5 439 510 9.4 0.1 38 92 155 Tunisia 16 362 510 3.1 0.1 202 18 27 Uganda 19 964 4 190 21.0 0.2 43 133 163 United Republic of Tanzania 88 359 38 811 43.9 1.2 135 43 60 Western Sahara 26 600 152 0.6 0.5 - 18 59 Zambia 74 339 31 246 42.0 3.5 75 43 104 Zimbabwe 38 685 19 040 49.2 1.7 141 40 56 Total Africa 2 978 394 649 866 21.8 0.8 8 036 72 109 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 151 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Land area Forest area, 2000 Wood volume Wood biomass (’000 ha) in forests in forests Total forest Percentage Area per Forest (m 3 /ha) (t/ha) (’000 ha) of land area capita plantations (%) (ha) (’000 ha) Afghanistan 64 958 1 351 2.1 0.1 - 22 27 Armenia 2 820 351 12.4 0.1 13 128 66 Azerbaijan 8 359 1 094 13.1 0.1 20 136 105 Bahrain 69 n.s. n.s. - 0 14 14 Bangladesh 13 017 1 334 10.2 n.s. 625 23 39 Bhutan 4 701 3 016 64.2 1.5 21 163 178 Brunei Darussalam 527 442 83.9 1.4 3 119 205 Cambodia 17 652 9 335 52.9 0.9 90 40 69 China 932 743 163 480 17.5 0.1 45 083 52 61 Cyprus 925 172 18.6 0.2 0 43 21 Dem People’s Rep. of Korea 12 041 8 210 68.2 0.3 - 41 25 East Timor 1 479 507 34.3 0.6 - 79 136 Gaza Strip 38 - - - - - - Georgia 6 831 2 988 43.7 0.6 200 145 97 India 297 319 64 113 21.6 0.1 32 578 43 73 Indonesia 181 157 104 986 58.0 0.5 9 871 79 136 Iran, Islamic Rep. 162 201 7 299 4.5 0.1 2 284 86 149 Iraq 43 737 799 1.8 n.s. 10 29 28 Israel 2 062 132 6.4 n.s. 91 49 - Japan 37 652 24 081 64.0 0.2 10 682 145 88 Jordan 8 893 86 1.0 n.s. 45 38 37 Kazakhstan 267 074 12 148 4.5 0.7 5 35 18 Kuwait 1 782 5 0.3 n.s. 5 21 21 Kyrgyzstan 19 180 1 003 5.2 0.2 57 32 - Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 23 080 12 561 54.4 2.4 54 29 31 Lebanon 1 024 36 3.5 n.s. 2 23 22 Malaysia 32 855 19 292 58.7 0.9 1 750 119 205 Maldives 30 1 3.3 n.s. - - - Mongolia 156 650 10 645 6.8 4.1 - 128 80 Myanmar 65 755 34 419 52.3 0.8 821 33 57 Nepal 14 300 3 900 27.3 0.2 133 100 109 Oman 21 246 1 0.0 n.s. 1 17 17 Pakistan 77 087 2 361 3.1 n.s. 980 22 27 Philippines 29 817 5 789 19.4 0.1 753 66 114 Qatar 1 100 1 0.1 n.s. 1 13 12 Republic of Korea 9 873 6 248 63.3 0.1 - 58 36 Saudi Arabia 214 969 1 504 0.7 0.1 4 12 12 Singapore 61 2 3.3 n.s. - 119 205 Sri Lanka 6 463 1 940 30.0 0.1 316 34 59 Syrian Arab Republic 18 377 461 2.5 n.s. 229 29 28 Tajikistan 14 087 400 2.8 0.1 10 14 10 Thailand 51 089 14 762 28.9 0.2 4 920 17 29 Turkey 76 963 10 225 13.3 0.2 1 854 136 74 Turkmenistan 46 992 3 755 8.0 0.9 12 4 3 United Arab Emirates 8 360 321 3.8 0.1 314 - - Uzbekistan 41 424 1 969 4.8 0.1 300 6 - Viet Nam 32 550 9 819 30.2 0.1 1 711 38 66 West Bank 580 - - - - - - Yemen 52 797 449 0.9 n.s. - 14 19 Total Asia 3 084 746 547 793 17.8 0.2 115 847 63 82 Albania 2 740 991 36.2 0.3 102 81 58 Andorra 45 - - - - 0 0 Austria 8 273 3 886 47.0 0.5 0 286 250 Belarus 20 748 9 402 45.3 0.9 195 153 80 Belgium and Luxembourg 3 282 728 22.2 0.1 0 218 101 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 100 2 273 44.6 0.6 57 110 - Bulgaria 11 055 3 690 33.4 0.4 969 130 76 Croatia 5 592 1 783 31.9 0.4 47 201 107 Czech Republic 7 728 2 632 34.1 0.3 0 260 125 Denmark 4 243 455 10.7 0.1 341 124 58 Estonia 4 227 2 060 48.7 1.5 305 156 85 152 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Land area Forest area, 2000 Wood volume Wood biomass (’000 ha) in forests in forests Total forest Percentage Area per Forest (m 3 /ha) (t/ha) (’000 ha) of land area capita plantations (%) (ha) (’000 ha) Finland 30 459 21 935 72.0 4.2 0 89 50 France 55 010 15 341 27.9 0.3 961 191 92 Germany 34 927 10 740 30.7 0.1 0 268 134 Greece 12 890 3 599 27.9 0.3 120 45 25 Hungary 9 234 1 840 19.9 0.2 136 174 112 Iceland 10 025 31 0.3 0.1 12 27 17 Ireland 6 889 659 9.6 0.2 590 74 25 Italy 29 406 10 003 34.0 0.2 133 145 74 Latvia 6 205 2 923 47.1 1.2 143 174 93 Liechtenstein 15 7 46.7 0.2 0 254 119 Lithuania 6 258 1 994 31.9 0.5 284 183 99 Malta 32 n.s. n.s. - 0 232 - Netherlands 3 392 375 11.1 n.s. 100 160 107 Norway 30 683 8 868 28.9 2.0 300 89 49 Poland 30 442 9 047 29.7 0.2 39 213 94 Portugal 9 150 3 666 40.1 0.4 834 82 33 Republic of Moldova 3 296 325 9.9 0.1 1 128 64 Romania 23 034 6 448 28.0 0.3 91 213 124 Russian Federation 1 688 851 851 392 50.4 5.8 17 340 105 56 San Marino 6 - - - - 0 0 Slovakia 4 808 2 177 45.3 0.4 15 253 142 Slovenia 2 012 1 107 55.0 0.6 1 283 178 Spain 49 945 14 370 28.8 0.4 1 904 44 24 Sweden 41 162 27 134 65.9 3.1 569 107 63 Switzerland 3 955 1 199 30.3 0.2 4 337 165 The FYR of Macedonia 2 543 906 35.6 0.5 30 70 - Ukraine 57 935 9 584 16.5 0.2 4 425 179 - United Kingdom 24 160 2 794 11.6 n.s. 1 928 128 76 Yugoslavia 10 200 2 887 28.3 0.3 39 111 23 Total Europe 2 259 957 1 039 251 46.0 1.4 32 015 112 59 Antigua and Barbuda 44 9 20.5 0.1 0 116 210 Bahamas 1 001 842 84.1 2.8 - - - Barbados 43 2 4.7 n.s. 0 - - Belize 2 280 1 348 59.1 5.7 3 202 211 Bermuda 5 - - - - - - British Virgin Islands 15 3 20.0 0.1 - - - Canada 922 097 244 571 26.5 7.9 0 120 83 Cayman Islands 26 13 - 0.4 - - - Costa Rica 5 106 1 968 38.5 0.5 178 211 220 Cuba 10 982 2 348 21.4 0.2 482 71 114 Dominica 75 46 61.3 0.6 0 91 166 Dominican Republic 4 838 1 376 28.4 0.2 30 29 53 El Salvador 2 072 121 5.8 n.s. 14 - - Greenland 34 170 - - - - - - Grenada 34 5 14.7 0.1 0 83 150 Guadeloupe 169 82 48.5 0.2 4 - - Guatemala 10 843 2 850 26.3 0.3 133 355 371 Haiti 2 756 88 3.2 n.s. 20 28 101 Honduras 11 189 5 383 48.1 0.9 48 58 105 Jamaica 1 083 325 30.0 0.1 9 82 171 Martinique 107 47 43.9 0.1 2 5 5 Mexico 190 869 55 205 28.9 0.6 267 52 54 Montserrat 11 3 27.3 0.3 - - - Netherlands Antilles 80 1 n.s. n.s. - - - Nicaragua 12 140 3 278 27.0 0.7 46 154 161 Panama 7 443 2 876 38.6 1.0 40 308 322 Puerto Rico 887 229 25.8 0.1 4 - - Saint Kitts and Nevis 36 4 11.1 0.1 0 - - Saint Lucia 61 9 14.8 0.1 1 190 198 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 23 - - - - - - Saint Vincent and Grenadines 39 6 15.4 0.1 0 166 173 153 Country/area Land area Forest area, 2000 Wood volume Wood biomass (’000 ha) in forests in forests Total forest Percentage Area per Forest (m 3 /ha) (t/ha) (’000 ha) of land area capita plantations (%) (ha) (’000 ha) Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Trinidad and Tobago 513 259 50.5 0.2 15 71 129 United States 915 895 225 993 24.7 0.8 16 238 136 108 United States Virgin Islands 34 14 41.2 0.1 - - - Total North and Central America 2 136 966 549 304 25.7 1.1 17 533 123 95 American Samoa 20 12 60.1 0.2 0 - - Australia 768 230 154 539 20.1 8.3 1 396 55 57 Cook Islands 23 22 95.7 1.2 1 - - Fiji 1 827 815 44.6 1.0 97 - - French Polynesia 366 105 28.7 0.5 5 - - Guam 55 21 38.2 0.1 0 - - Kiribati 73 28 38.4 0.3 0 - - Marshall Islands 18 n.s. - - - - - Micronesia 69 15 21.7 0.1 0 - - Nauru 2 n.s. - - - - - New Caledonia 1 828 372 20.4 1.8 10 - - New Zealand 26 799 7 946 29.7 2.1 1 542 125 217 Niue 26 6 - 3.0 0 - - Northern Mariana Islands 46 14 30.4 0.2 - - - Palau 46 35 76.1 1.8 0 - - Papua New Guinea 45 239 30 601 67.6 6.5 90 34 58 Samoa 282 105 37.2 0.6 5 - - Solomon Islands 2 856 2 536 88.8 5.9 50 - - Tonga 73 4 5.5 n.s. 1 - - Vanuatu 1 218 447 36.7 2.4 3 - - Total Oceania 849 096 197 623 23.3 6.6 3 201 55 64 Argentina 273 669 34 648 12.7 0.9 926 25 68 Bolivia 108 438 53 068 48.9 6.5 46 114 183 Brazil 845 651 543 905 64.3 3.2 4 982 131 209 Chile 74 881 15 536 20.7 1.0 2 017 160 268 Colombia 103 871 49 601 47.8 1.2 141 108 196 Ecuador 27 684 10 557 38.1 0.9 167 121 151 Falkland Islands 1 217 - - - - - - French Guiana 8 815 7 926 89.9 45.6 1 145 253 Guyana 21 498 16 879 78.5 19.7 12 145 253 Paraguay 39 730 23 372 58.8 4.4 27 34 59 Peru 128 000 65 215 50.9 2.6 640 158 245 Suriname 15 600 14 113 90.5 34.0 13 145 253 Uruguay 17 481 1 292 7.4 0.4 622 - - Venezuela 88 206 49 506 56.1 2.1 863 134 233 Total South America 1 754 741 885 618 50.5 2.6 10 455 125 203 TOTAL WORLD 13 063 900 3 869 455 29.6 0.6 187 086 100 109 154 TABLE 3 CHANGE IN FOREST AREA, 1990-2000 Country/area Total forest, 1990 Total forest, 2000 Forest cover change, 1990-2000 (’000 ha) (’000 ha) Annual change Annual rate of change (’000 ha) (%) Algeria 1 879 2 145 27 1.3 Angola 70 998 69 756 -124 -0.2 Benin 3 349 2 650 -70 -2.3 Botswana 13 611 12 427 -118 -0.9 Burkina Faso 7 241 7 089 -15 -0.2 Burundi 241 94 -15 -9.0 Cameroon 26 076 23 858 -222 -0.9 Cape Verde 35 85 5 9.3 Central African Republic 23 207 22 907 -30 -0.1 Chad 13 509 12 692 -82 -0.6 Comoros 12 8 n.s. -4.3 Congo 22 235 22 060 -17 -0.1 C?te d’Ivoire 9 766 7 117 -265 -3.1 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 140 531 135 207 -532 -0.4 Djibouti 6 6 n.s. n.s. Egypt 52 72 2 3.3 Equatorial Guinea 1 858 1 752 -11 -0.6 Eritrea 1 639 1 585 -5 -0.3 Ethiopia 4 996 4 593 -40 -0.8 Gabon 21 927 21 826 -10 n.s. Gambia 436 481 4 1.0 Ghana 7 535 6 335 -120 -1.7 Guinea 7 276 6 929 -35 -0.5 Guinea-Bissau 2 403 2 187 -22 -0.9 Kenya 18 027 17 096 -93 -0.5 Lesotho 14 14 n.s. n.s. Liberia 4 241 3 481 -76 -2.0 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 311 358 5 1.4 Madagascar 12 901 11 727 -117 -0.9 Malawi 3 269 2 562 -71 -2.4 Mali 14 179 13 186 -99 -0.7 Mauritania 415 317 -10 -2.7 Mauritius 17 16 n.s. -0.6 Morocco 3 037 3 025 -1 n.s. Mozambique 31 238 30 601 -64 -0.2 Namibia 8 774 8 040 -73 -0.9 Niger 1 945 1 328 -62 -3.7 Nigeria 17 501 13 517 -398 -2.6 Réunion 76 71 -1 -0.8 Rwanda 457 307 -15 -3.9 Saint Helena 2 2 n.s. n.s. Sao Tome and Principe 27 27 n.s. n.s. Senegal 6 655 6 205 -45 -0.7 Seychelles 30 30 n.s. n.s. Sierra Leone 1 416 1 055 -36 -2.9 Somalia 8 284 7 515 -77 -1.0 South Africa 8 997 8 917 -8 -0.1 Sudan 71 216 61 627 -959 -1.4 Swaziland 464 522 6 1.2 Togo 719 510 -21 -3.4 Tunisia 499 510 1 0.2 Uganda 5 103 4 190 -91 -2.0 United Republic of Tanzania 39 724 38 811 -91 -0.2 Western Sahara 152 152 n.s. n.s. Zambia 39 755 31 246 -851 -2.4 Zimbabwe 22 239 19 040 -320 -1.5 Total Africa 702 502 649 866 -5 262 -0.8 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 155 Afghanistan 1 351 1 351 n.s. n.s. Armenia 309 351 4 1.3 Azerbaijan 964 1 094 13 1.3 Bahrain n.s. n.s. n.s. 14.9 Bangladesh 1 169 1 334 17 1.3 Bhutan 3 016 3 016 n.s. n.s. Brunei Darussalam 452 442 -1 -0.2 Cambodia 9 896 9 335 -56 -0.6 China 145 417 163 480 1 806 1.2 Cyprus 119 172 5 3.7 Dem People’s Rep. of Korea 8 210 8 210 n.s. n.s. East Timor 541 507 -3 -0.6 Gaza Strip - - - - Georgia 2 988 2 988 n.s. n.s. India 63 732 64 113 38 0.1 Indonesia 118 110 104 986 -1 312 -1.2 Iran, Islamic Rep. 7 299 7 299 n.s. n.s. Iraq 799 799 n.s. n.s. Israel 82 132 5 4.9 Japan 24 047 24 081 3 n.s. Jordan 86 86 n.s. n.s. Kazakhstan 9 758 12 148 239 2.2 Kuwait 3 5 n.s. 3.5 Kyrgyzstan 775 1 003 23 2.6 Lao People’s Dem. Rep 13 088 12 561 -53 -0.4 Lebanon 37 36 n.s. -0.4 Malaysia 21 661 19 292 -237 -1.2 Maldives 1 1 n.s. n.s. Mongolia 11 245 10 645 -60 -0.5 Myanmar 39 588 34 419 -517 -1.4 Nepal 4 683 3 900 -78 -1.8 Oman 1 1 n.s. 5.3 Pakistan 2 755 2 361 -39 -1.5 Philippines 6 676 5 789 -89 -1.4 Qatar n.s. 1 n.s. 9.6 Republic of Korea 6 299 6 248 -5 -0.1 Saudi Arabia 1 504 1 504 n.s. n.s. Singapore 2 2 n.s. n.s. Sri Lanka 2 288 1 940 -35 -1.6 Syrian Arab Republic 461 461 n.s. n.s. Tajikistan 380 400 2 0.5 Thailand 15 886 14 762 -112 -0.7 Turkey 10 005 10 225 22 0.2 Turkmenistan 3 755 3 755 n.s. n.s. United Arab Emirates 243 321 8 2.8 Uzbekistan 1 923 1 969 5 0.2 Viet Nam 9 303 9 819 52 0.5 West Bank - - - - Yemen 541 449 -9 -1.9 Total Asia 551 448 547 793 -364 -0.1 Albania 1 069 991 -8 -0.8 Andorra - - - - Austria 3 809 3 886 8 0.2 Belarus 6 840 9 402 256 3.2 Belgium and Luxembourg 741 728 -1 -0.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 273 2 273 n.s. n.s. Bulgaria 3 486 3 690 20 0.6 Croatia 1 763 1 783 2 0.1 Czech Republic 2 627 2 632 1 n.s. Denmark 445 455 1 0.2 Estonia 1 935 2 060 13 0.6 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Total forest, 1990 Total forest, 2000 Forest cover change, 1990-2000 (’000 ha) (’000 ha) Annual change Annual rate of change (’000 ha) (%) 156 Finland 21 855 21 935 8 n.s. France 14 725 15 341 62 0.4 Germany 10 740 10 740 n.s. n.s. Greece 3 299 3 599 30 0.9 Hungary 1 768 1 840 7 0.4 Iceland 25 31 1 2.2 Ireland 489 659 17 3.0 Italy 9 708 10 003 30 0.3 Latvia 2 796 2 923 13 0.4 Liechtenstein 6 7 n.s. 1.2 Lithuania 1 946 1 994 5 0.2 Malta n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Netherlands 365 375 1 0.3 Norway 8 558 8 868 31 0.4 Poland 8 872 9 047 18 0.2 Portugal 3 096 3 666 57 1.7 Republic of Moldova 318 325 1 0.2 Romania 6 301 6 448 15 0.2 Russian Federation 850 039 851 392 135 n.s. San Marino - - - - Slovakia 1 997 2 177 18 0.9 Slovenia 1 085 1 107 2 0.2 Spain 13 510 14 370 86 0.6 Sweden 27 128 27 134 1 n.s. Switzerland 1 156 1 199 4 0.4 The FYR of Macedonia 906 906 n.s. n.s. Ukraine 9 274 9 584 31 0.3 United Kingdom 2 624 2 794 17 0.6 Yugoslavia 2 901 2 887 -1 -0.1 Total Europe 1 030 475 1 039 251 881 0.1 Antigua and Barbuda 9 9 n.s. n.s. Bahamas 842 842 n.s. n.s. Barbados 2 2 n.s. n.s. Belize 1 704 1 348 -36 -2.3 Bermuda - - - - British Virgin Islands 3 3 n.s. n.s. Canada 244 571 244 571 n.s. n.s. Cayman Islands 13 13 n.s. n.s. Costa Rica 2 126 1 968 -16 -0.8 Cuba 2 071 2 348 28 1.3 Dominica 50 46 n.s. -0.7 Dominican Republic 1 376 1 376 n.s. n.s. El Salvador 193 121 -7 -4.6 Greenland - - - - Grenada 5 5 n.s. 0.9 Guadeloupe 67 82 2 2.1 Guatemala 3 387 2 850 -54 -1.7 Haiti 158 88 -7 -5.7 Honduras 5 972 5 383 -59 -1.0 Jamaica 379 325 -5 -1.5 Martinique 47 47 n.s. n.s. Mexico 61 511 55 205 -631 -1.1 Montserrat 3 3 n.s. n.s. Netherlands Antilles 1 1 n.s. n.s. Nicaragua 4 450 3 278 -117 -3.0 Panama 3 395 2 876 -52 -1.6 Puerto Rico 234 229 -1 -0.2 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 4 n.s. -0.6 Saint Lucia 14 9 -1 -4.9 Saint Pierre and Miquelon - - - - Saint Vincent and Grenadines 7 6 n.s. -1.4 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Total forest, 1990 Total forest, 2000 Forest cover change, 1990-2000 (’000 ha) (’000 ha) Annual change Annual rate of change (’000 ha) (%) 157 Trinidad and Tobago 281 259 -2 -0.8 United States 222 113 225 993 388 0.2 United States Virgin Islands 14 14 n.s. n.s. Total North and Central America 555 002 549 304 -570 -0.1 American Samoa 12 12 n.s. n.s. Australia 157 359 154 539 -282 -0.2 Cook Islands 22 22 n.s. n.s. Fiji 832 815 -2 -0.2 French Polynesia 105 105 n.s. n.s. Guam 21 21 n.s. n.s. Kiribati 28 28 n.s. n.s. Marshall Islands n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Micronesia 24 15 -1 -4.5 Nauru n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. New Caledonia 372 372 n.s. n.s. New Zealand 7 556 7 946 39 0.5 Niue 6 6 n.s. n.s. Northern Mariana Islands 14 14 n.s. n.s. Palau 35 35 n.s. n.s. Papua New Guinea 31 730 30 601 -113 -0.4 Samoa 130 105 -3 -2.1 Solomon Islands 2 580 2 536 -4 -0.2 Tonga 4 4 n.s. n.s. Vanuatu 441 447 1 0.1 Total Oceania 201 271 197 623 -365 -0.2 Argentina 37 499 34 648 -285 -0.8 Bolivia 54 679 53 068 -161 -0.3 Brazil 566 998 543 905 -2 309 -0.4 Chile 15 739 15 536 -20 -0.1 Colombia 51 506 49 601 -190 -0.4 Ecuador 11 929 10 557 -137 -1.2 Falkland Islands - - - - French Guiana 7 926 7 926 n.s. n.s. Guyana 17 365 16 879 -49 -0.3 Paraguay 24 602 23 372 -123 -0.5 Peru 67 903 65 215 -269 -0.4 Suriname 14 113 14 113 n.s. n.s. Uruguay 791 1 292 50 5.0 Venezuela 51 681 49 506 -218 -0.4 Total South America 922 731 885 618 -3 711 -0.4 TOTAL WORLD 3 963 429 3 869 455 -9 391 -0.2 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. Country/area Total forest, 1990 Total forest, 2000 Forest cover change, 1990-2000 (’000 ha) (’000 ha) Annual change Annual rate of change (’000 ha) (%) 158 TABLE 4 FOREST MANAGEMENT, 2000 Country/area Forest area, 2000 Criteria and Area under forest Forest in protected areas Forest area certified (’000 ha) indicators management plans for sustainable Country report data Global map data ‘000 ha Scheme forest management ’000 ha % of (%) (process) total forest ’000 ha % Algeria 2 145 NE 597 27.8 - - 6 - - Angola 69 756 DZAf/ATO - - - - 3 - - Benin 2 650 - - - - - 32 - - Botswana 12 427 DZAf - - - - 26 - - Burkina Faso 7 089 DZAf 694 9.8 - - 11 - - Burundi 94 - - - - - 29 - - Cameroon 23 858 ATO - - - - 11 - - Cape Verde 85 DZAf - - - - - - - Central African Republic 22 907 ATO 269* n.ap. - - 15 - - Chad 12 692 DZAf - - - - 27 - - Comoros 8 - - - - - - - - Congo 22 060 ATO - - - - 14 - - C?te d’Ivoire 7 117 ATO 1 387 19.5 - - 10 - - Dem. Rep. of the Congo 135 207 ATO - - - - 9 - - Djibouti 6 NE/DZAf - - - - 0 - - Egypt 72 NE - - - - 0 - - Equatorial Guinea 1 752 ATO - - - - 11 - - Eritrea 1 585 DZAf - - - - 0 - - Ethiopia 4 593 DZAf 112 2.4 - - 15 - - Gabon 21 826 ATO - - - - 16 - - Gambia 481 DZAf - - - - 3 - - Ghana 6 335 ATO - - - - 9 - - Guinea 6 929 - 112* n.ap. - - 5 - - Guinea-Bissau 2 187 DZAf - - - - 1 - - Kenya 17 096 DZAf 120* n.ap. - - 40 - - Lesotho 14 DZAf n.s. 2.1 - - 16 - - Liberia 3 481 ATO - - - - 1 - - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 358 NE - - - - 19 - - Madagascar 11 727 - - - - - 4 - - Malawi 2 562 DZAf - - - - 45 - - Mali 13 186 DZAf - - - - 7 - - Mauritania 317 NE/DZAf - - - - 3 - - Mauritius 16 DZAf - - - - - - - Morocco 3 025 NE - - - - 7 - - Mozambique 30 601 DZAf - - - - 7 - - Namibia 8 040 DZAf 54* n.ap. - - 5 54 FSC Niger 1 328 DZAf - - - - 77 - - Nigeria 13 517 ATO 832* n.ap. - - 7 - - Réunion 71 - - - - - - - - Rwanda 307 - - - - - 76 - - Saint Helena 2 - - - - - - - - Sao Tome and Principe 27 ATO - - - - - - - Senegal 6 205 DZAf - - - - 16 - - Seychelles 30 DZAf - - - - - - - Sierra Leone 1 055 - - - - - 5 - - Somalia 7 515 NE/DZAf - - - - 3 - - South Africa 8 917 DZAf 828* n.ap. - - 7 828 FSC Sudan 61 627 NE/DZAf - - - - 10 - - Swaziland 522 DZAf - - - - 4 - - Togo 510 ITTO 12 2.4 - - 14 - - Tunisia 510 NE 400 78.4 - - 4 - - Uganda 4 190 DZAf - - - - 18 - - United Republic of Tanzania 38 811 DZAf/ATO - - - - 14 - - Western Sahara 152 - - - - - 0 - - Zambia 31 246 DZAf - - - - 24 - - Zimbabwe 19 040 DZAf 92* n.ap. - - 12 92 FSC Total Africa 649 866 974 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 159 Afghanistan 1 351 NE - - - - 0 - - Armenia 351 - 351 100.0 107 31 5 - - Azerbaijan 1 094 NE 1 094 100.0 1 094 100 7 - - Bahrain n.s. NE - - - - - - - Bangladesh 1 334 DFAs 1 334 100.0 - - 14 - - Bhutan 3 016 DFAs 699 23.2 - - 25 - - Brunei Darussalam 442 - - - - - 22 - - Cambodia 9 335 ITTO - - - - 24 - - China 163 480 MON/DFAs/ - - - - 3 - - ITTO Cyprus 172 NE 172 100.0 172 100 37 - - Dem People’s Rep. of Korea 8 210 - - - - - 3 - - East Timor 507 - - - - - 3 - - Gaza Strip - - - - - - - - - Georgia 2 988 EUR 2 438 81.6 111 4 3 - - India 64 113 DFAs/ITTO 46 159 72.0 - - 8 - - Indonesia 104 986 ITTO 72* n.ap. - - 16 72 FSC Iran, Islamic Rep. 7 299 NE - - - - 12 - - Iraq 799 NE - - - - 0 - - Israel 132 - 132 100.0 - - 63 - - Japan 24 081 MON 24 081 100.0 1 758 7 8 3 FSC Jordan 86 NE - - - - 0 - - Kazakhstan 12 148 - 12 148 100.0 12 148 100 11 - - Kuwait 5 NE - - - - 0 - - Kyrgyzstan 1 003 NE 1 003 100.0 866 86 10 - - Lao People’s Dem. Rep 12 561 - - - - - 20 - - Lebanon 36 NE - - - - 0 - - Malaysia 19 292 ITTO 14 020 72.7 - - 9 55 FSC Maldives 1 - - - - - - - - Mongolia 10 645 DFAs - - - - 11 - - Myanmar 34 419 DFAs/ITTO - - - - 5 - - Nepal 3 900 DFAs 1 010 25.9 - - 9 - - Oman 1 NE - - - - 0 - - Pakistan 2 361 NE - - - - 3 - - Philippines 5 789 ITTO 6 935 119.8 - - 7 15 FSC Qatar 1 NE - - - - 0 - - Republic of Korea 6 248 MON 4 096 65.6 - - 4 - - Saudi Arabia 1 504 NE - - - - 9 - - Singapore 2 - 2 100.0 - - - - - Sri Lanka 1 940 DFAs 1 940 100.0 - - 18 13 FSC Syrian Arab Republic 461 NE - - - - 0 - - Tajikistan 400 NE 400 100.0 400 100 1 - - Thailand 14 762 DFAs/ITTO - - - - 23 - - Turkey 10 225 NE/EUR 9 954 97.3 194 2 2 - - Turkmenistan 3 755 NE 3 755 100.0 113 3 13 - - United Arab Emirates 321 NE - - - - 0 - - Uzbekistan 1 969 - 1 969 100.0 1 888 96 30 - - Viet Nam 9 819 - - - - - 6 - - West Bank - - - - - - - - - Yemen 449 NE - - - - 0 - - Total Asia 547 793 158 Albania 991 EUR 406 41.0 137 14 2 - - Andorra - EUR n.a. n.a. - - - - - Austria 3 886 EUR 3 886 100.0 785 20 22 550 PEFC Belarus 9 402 EUR 7 577 80.6 856 9 10 - - Belgium and Luxembourg 728 EUR & EUR 656 90.1 179 25 30 4 FSC Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 273 EUR 2 007 88.3 - - 1 - - Bulgaria 3 690 EUR 3 690 100.0 1 391 38 8 - - Croatia 1 783 EUR 1 531 85.9 414 23 8 167 FSC Czech Republic 2 632 EUR 2 632 100.0 647 25 28 10 FSC Denmark 455 EUR 455 100.0 93 21 9 n.s. FSC Country/area Forest area, 2000 Criteria and Area under forest Forest in protected areas Forest area certified (’000 ha) indicators management plans for sustainable Country report data Global map data ‘000 ha Scheme forest management ’000 ha % of (%) (process) total forest ’000 ha % Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 160 Estonia 2 060 EUR 1 125 54.6 187 9 21 - - Finland 21 935 EUR 21 900 99.8 2 391 11 7 21 900 PEFC France 15 341 EUR 15 341 100.0 2 746 18 17 1 FSC Germany 10 740 EUR 10 740 100.0 7 207 67 29 3 242 PEFC/FSC Greece 3 599 EUR 2 009 55.8 1 047 29 4 - - Hungary 1 840 EUR 1 840 100.0 368 20 16 - - Iceland 31 EUR 13 41.9 2 7 7 - - Ireland 659 EUR 551 83.6 7 1 5 - - Italy 10 003 EUR 1 117 11.2 1 881 19 11 11 FSC Latvia 2 923 EUR 2 923 100.0 476 16 15 - - Liechtenstein 7 EUR 7 100.0 2 22 - - - Lithuania 1 994 EUR 1 938 97.2 297 15 10 - - Malta n.s. NE n.s. 100.0 n.s. 10 - - - Netherlands 375 EUR 375 100.0 89 24 9 69 FSC Norway 8 868 EUR 7 147 80.6 2 297 26 1 5 600 PEFC Poland 9 047 EUR 9 047 100.0 1 420 16 16 2 743 FSC Portugal 3 666 EUR 1 201 32.8 634 17 8 - - Republic of Moldova 325 EUR 325 100.0 - - 4 - - Romania 6 448 EUR 6 448 100.0 477 7 4 - - Russian Federation 851 392 MON/EUR 851 392 100.0 25 542 3 3 33 FSC San Marino - EUR n.a. n.a. - - - - - Slovakia 2 177 EUR 1 988 91.3 897 41 29 - - Slovenia 1 107 EUR 1 107 100.0 80 7 6 - - Spain 14 370 EUR 11 694 81.4 3 420 24 17 - - Sweden 27 134 EUR 27 134 100.0 - - 8 11 167 FSC/PEFC Switzerland 1 199 EUR 1 153 96.2 43 4 12 49 FSC The FYR of Macedonia 906 - 906 100.0 - - 5 - - Ukraine 9 584 EUR 9 584 100.0 987 10 6 203 FSC United Kingdom 2 794 EUR 2 319 83.0 897 32 23 958 FSC Yugoslavia 2 887 EUR 2 723 94.3 2 887 100 6 - - Total Europe 1 039 251 46 708 Antigua and Barbuda 9 - - - - - - - - Bahamas 842 - - - - - 4 - - Barbados 2 - - - - - - - - Belize 1 348 LEP 1 000 74.2 - - 37 96 FSC Bermuda - - - - - - - - - British Virgin Islands 3 - - - - - - - - Canada 244 571 MON 173 400 70.9 19 321 8 5 4 360 FSC/CSA/SFI Cayman Islands 13 - - - - - - - - Costa Rica 1 968 LEP 116* n.ap. - - 36 41 FSC Cuba 2 348 - 730 31.1 - - 25 - - Dominica 46 - - - - - - - - Dominican Republic 1 376 - 152 11.0 - - 15 - - El Salvador 121 LEP - - - - 1 - - Greenland - - - - - - - - - Grenada 5 - - - - - - - - Guadeloupe 82 - 28* n.ap. - - - - - Guatemala 2 850 LEP 54 1.9 - - 35 100 FSC Haiti 88 - - - - - 1 - - Honduras 5 383 LEP 821 15.3 - - 5 20 FSC Jamaica 325 - 44 13.5 - - 11 - - Martinique 47 - 10 21.3 - - - - - Mexico 55 205 MON 7 100 12.9 - - 4 169 FSC Montserrat 3 - - - - - - - - Netherlands Antilles 1 - - - - - - - - Nicaragua 3 278 LEP 236 7.2 - - 23 - - Panama 2 876 LEP 20* n.ap. - - 35 1 FSC Puerto Rico 229 - 57 24.9 - - 5 - - Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 - - - - - - - - Saint Lucia 9 - - - - - - - - Saint Pierre and Miquelon - - - - - 0 - - - Country/area Forest area, 2000 Criteria and Area under forest Forest in protected areas Forest area certified (’000 ha) indicators management plans for sustainable Country report data Global map data ‘000 ha Scheme forest management ’000 ha % of (%) (process) total forest ’000 ha % Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 161 Saint Vincent and Grenadines 6 - - - - - - - - Trinidad and Tobago 259 ITTO 120 46.3 - - - - - United States 225 993 MON 125 707 55.6 66 668 30 40 26 129 FSC/SFI/ATFP/GT United States Virgin Islands 14 - - - - - - - - Total North and Central America 549 304 30 916 American Samoa 12 - - - - - - - - Australia 154 539 MON 154 539 100.0 23 335 15 13 - - Cook Islands 22 - - - - - - - - Fiji 815 ITTO - - - - 0 - - French Polynesia 105 - - - - - - - - Guam 21 - - - - - - - - Kiribati 28 - - - - - - - - Marshall Islands n.s. - - - - - - - - Micronesia 15 - - - - - - - - Nauru n.s. - - - - - - - - New Caledonia 372 - - - - - 2 - - New Zealand 7 946 MON 6 912 87.0 1 661 21 3 363 FSC Niue 6 - - - - - - - - Northern Mariana Islands 14 - - - - - - - - Palau 35 - - - - - - - - Papua New Guinea 30 601 ITTO 5 341 17.5 - - 9 4 FSC Samoa 105 - - - - - - - - Solomon Islands 2 536 - 43* n.ap. - - 0 43 FSC Tonga 4 - - - - - - - - Vanuatu 447 ITTO - - - - 0 - - Total Oceania 197 623 410 Argentina 34 648 MON - - - - 7 - - Bolivia 53 068 TARA 6 900 13.0 - - 31 885 FSC Brazil 543 905 TARA 4 000 0.7 - - 17 666 FSC Chile 15 536 MON - - - - 14 - - Colombia 49 601 TARA 85 0.2 - - 24 - - Ecuador 10 557 TARA 14 0.1 - - 20 - - Falkland Islands - - - - - - - - - French Guiana 7 926 - 400 5.0 - - 7 - - Guyana 16 879 TARA 4 200 24.9 - - 1 - - Paraguay 23 372 - 3 000 12.8 - - 5 - - Peru 65 215 TARA 1 573 2.4 - - 10 - - Suriname 14 113 TARA 1 568 11.1 - - 4 - - Uruguay 1 292 MON 99 7.7 - - 5 - - Venezuela 49 506 TARA 3 970 8.0 - - 66 - - Total South America 885 618 1 551 TOTAL WORLD 3 869 455 80 717 Country/area Forest area, 2000 Criteria and Area under forest Forest in protected areas Forest area certified (’000 ha) indicators management plans for sustainable Country report data Global map data ‘000 ha Scheme forest management ’000 ha % of (%) (process) total forest ’000 ha % Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 162 TABLE 5 PRODUCTION, TRADE AND CONSUMPTION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, 1998 Country/area Woodfuel Industrial roundwood Sawnwood (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption AFRICA 463 849 9 2 463 856 70 142 539 4 678 66 003 8 039 4 973 1 524 1 1488 Algeria 2 291 n.a. n.a. 2 291 444 29 0 473 13 667 0 680 Angola 5 388 n.a. n.a. 5 388 1 084 0 1 1 083 5 3 0 8 Benin 5 655 0 n.a. 5 655 339 n.a. 0 339 24 0 3 21 Botswana 1 570 n.a. n.a. 1 570 103 n.a. n.a. 103 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Burkina Faso 10 297 n.a. n.a. 10 297 497 0 n.a. 497 2 0 0 2 Burundi 1 510 n.a. n.a. 1 510 289 n.a. 0 289 33 0 0 33 Cameroon 12 192 n.a. n.a. 12 192 2 980 0 1 280 1 700 588 0 356 232 Cape Verde n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 6 1 5 Central African Republic 2 687 n.a. n.a. 2 687 831 0 117 714 91 0 55 36 Chad 1 177 n.a. n.a. 1 177 742 n.a. n.a. 742 2 17 n.a. 20 Comoros n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Congo 2 525 n.a. n.a. 2 525 1 789 0 710 1 080 78 0 47 31 C?te d’Ivoire 10 137 n.a. n.a. 10 137 3 146 0 93 3 053 623 0 508 115 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 45 910 n.a. 0 45 910 3 624 0 113 3 511 80 0 37 43 Djibouti 0 n.a. n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Egypt 2 698 7 0 2 705 131 170 0 301 n.a. 2 457 1 2 456 Equatorial Guinea 447 n.a. n.a. 447 364 0 253 111 4 0 1 3 Eritrea 2 196 n.a. n.a. 2 196 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 60 n.a. 60 Ethiopia 47 665 n.a. n.a. 47 665 2 483 0 0 2 483 33 10 0 43 Gabon 2 557 n.a. n.a. 2 557 2 775 1 1 600 1 176 30 0 30 0 Gambia 700 n.a. n.a. 700 113 0 0 113 1 1 0 2 Ghana 20 678 n.a. 0 20 678 1 227 0 0 1 227 590 1 254 336 Guinea 8 000 n.a. n.a. 8 000 650 1 33 618 26 2 1 27 Guinea-Bissau 422 n.a. 0 422 167 0 11 156 16 0 1 15 Kenya 27 421 0 0 27 421 1 956 0 0 1 956 185 0 0 185 Lesotho 1 594 0 n.a. 1 594 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Liberia 2 700 n.a. n.a. 2 700 321 0 81 240 90 0 1 90 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 536 0 n.a. 536 115 4 0 119 31 145 0 176 Madagascar 9 144 n.a. n.a. 9 144 373 2 90 285 84 7 34 56 Malawi 9 183 n.a. 0 9 183 509 0 0 509 45 0 2 43 Mali 6 034 0 n.a. 6 034 403 0 2 401 13 0 1 12 Mauritania 9 n.a. n.a. 9 6 0 0 6 n.a. 1 0 0 Mauritius 7 0 0 7 8 5 0 13 3 50 0 53 Morocco 770 0 0 770 976 225 0 1201 83 678 0 761 Mozambique 16 724 n.a. n.a. 16 724 1 294 0 41 1 253 28 0 9 19 Namibia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Niger 6 061 n.a. n.a. 6 061 399 0 1 398 4 0 0 4 Nigeria 89 096 n.a. 0 89 096 9 418 1 11 9 408 2 723 0 61 2 663 Réunion 31 n.a. n.a. 31 5 1 2 3 2 85 0 87 Rwanda 3 000 n.a. n.a. 3 000 0 0 0 0 36 1 0 37 Saint Helena n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Sao Tome and Principe n.a. 0 n.a. 0 9 0 0 9 5 0 0 5 Senegal 4 134 n.a. n.a. 4 134 775 25 0 799 23 30 0 53 Seychelles n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Sierra Leone 3 191 n.a. n.a. 3 191 124 0 0 124 5 0 0 5 Somalia 7 849 n.a. 0 7 849 106 0 n.a. 106 14 1 0 15 South Africa 14 600 2 2 14 601 18 571 16 216 18 370 1 574 318 66 1 826 Sudan 7 355 0 0 7 355 2 131 13 0 2 144 51 38 0 89 Swaziland 560 n.a. n.a. 560 934 0 0 934 102 0 0 102 Togo 895 n.a. n.a. 895 287 1 16 272 18 2 1 19 Tunisia 2 594 0 n.a. 2 594 213 44 0 257 20 392 0 412 Uganda 13 438 n.a. n.a. 13 438 2 211 0 0 2 211 83 0 0 83 United Rep. of Tanzania 36 742 0 n.a. 36 742 2 280 0 2 2 278 24 0 6 18 Zambia 7 219 0 n.a. 7 219 823 0 2 821 157 0 2 155 Zimbabwe 6 260 0 0 6 260 2 118 0 0 2 117 396 0 42 354 ASIA 883 222 314 12 883 524 244 044 31 052 7 956 267 141 73 846 19 168 5 877 87 137 Afghanistan 6 354 0 0 6 354 1 737 2 2 1 737 400 1 0 400 Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 163 Wood-based panels Pulp for paper Paper and paperboard Country/area (’000 m 3 ) (’000 tonnes) (’000 tonnes) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption 1 971 803 554 2 221 2 455 337 625 2 167 2 933 1 840 519 4 253 AFRICA 50 72 0 122 21 30 0 51 65 172 0 237 Algeria 11 3 0 13 15 0 0 15 0 2 0 2 Angola n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Benin n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Botswana n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Burkina Faso n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Burundi 148 1 82 67 0 0 n.a. 0 0 33 0 33 Cameroon n.a. 3 0 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 4 0 Cape Verde 1 0 0 1 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Central African Republic n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Chad n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 Comoros 29 0 49 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Congo 341 0 170 171 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 61 0 61 C?te d’Ivoire 21 0 5 16 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 3 3 0 6 Dem. Rep. of the Congo n.a. 3 0 3 n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 2 0 2 Djibouti 81 387 0 468 60 130 n.a. 190 287 617 3 901 Egypt 9 0 13 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. 0 0 0 Equatorial Guinea n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 Eritrea 13 14 n.a. 27 9 7 0 16 10 12 0 21 Ethiopia 53 0 46 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Gabon n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Gambia 159 1 96 64 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 22 0 22 Ghana 0 7 1 6 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Guinea n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Guinea-Bissau 52 4 2 54 66 5 0 71 129 53 2 180 Kenya n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 Lesotho 78 0 0 78 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 Liberia n.a. 18 0 18 n.a. 2026905 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 510630034 13 Madagascar 18 1 6 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 5 1 4 Malawi n.a. 0 2 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 4 0 4 Mali n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Mauritania 0 36 0 36 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. 36 0 36 Mauritius 35 62 26 71 118 21 73 66 110 177 8 279 Morocco 3 0 0 3 n.a. 0000000 Mozambique n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Namibia n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Niger 0 12 0 12 23 6 n.a. 29 63 1 44 0 207 Nigeria n.a. 24 0 23 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 15 0 15 Réunion 0 9 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Rwanda n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Saint Helena n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 1 0 Sao Tome and Principe n.a. 8 0 8 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 10 0 10 Senegal n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Seychelles n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 1 0 0 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Somalia 653 80 37 697 1 845 73 330 1 587 2 047 249 486 1 810 South Africa 2 1 0 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 3 23 0 25 Sudan 8 n.a. 0 8 174 n.a. 210 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 Swaziland n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Togo 104 35 3 136 16 54 10 59 105 96 6 195 Tunisia 5 0 0 5 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 3 6 0 9 Uganda 4 1 0 5 54 0 0 54 25 17 0 42 United Rep. of Tanzania 18 1 0 19 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 4 12 0 16 Zambia 72 12 14 70 51 4 0 55 69 23 8 84 Zimbabwe 37 718 15 998 14 022 39 694 35 706 10 349 2 004 44 051 85 264 18 070 10 086 93 248 ASIA 10020000n.a. 0 0 0 Afghanistan 164 Armenia 36 n.a. 0 36 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Azerbaijan n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 n.a. 278 0 278 Bahrain n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 38 0 38 Bangladesh 32 441 n.a. 0 32 441 617 77 131 563 70 6 1 75 Bhutan 1 657 n.a. n.a. 1 657 45 0 0 45 18 n.a. 0 18 Brunei Darussalam 79 0 0 79 217 0 0 217 90 15 0 105 Cambodia 6 968 n.a. 0 6 968 1 040 . 100 940 40 0 40 1 China 190 947 3 9 190 941 100 918 7 148 850 10 7216 18 733 4 181 1 255 21 659 Cyprus 8 0 0 8 27 14 0 40 11 91 6 96 Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea 5 500 n.a. 0 5 500 1 500 11 219 1 292 280 1 5 276 Georgia n.a. n.a. 1 0 n.a. 2 56 0 n.a. 3 17 0 India 274 334 0 0 274 334 25 156 1 684 0 26 840 17 460 16 14 17 462 Indonesia 157 023 0 0 157 023 36 195 119 7 36 306 2 545 74 597 2 022 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1 997 0 0 1 997 4 796 9 0 4 805 129 98 0 227 Iraq 118 0 n.a. 118 59 0 n.a. 59 12 0 0 12 Israel 14 1 n.a. 15 110 119 0 229 n.a. 599 3 596 Japan 777 0 0 777 19 316 15 190 2 34 504 18 625 7 765 14 26 376 Jordan 7 0 n.a. 7 4 2 0 6 n.a. 159 0 159 Kazakhstan 315 1 0 316 n.a. 141 5 137 n.a. 212 0 212 Kuwait n.a. 7 0 7 n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 56 0 56 Kyrgyzstan 32 n.a. n.a. 32 11 4 1 13 3 53 2 54 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 3 902 0 0 3 902 689 0 169 520 560 0 134 426 Lebanon 400 0 0 400 7 3 0 10 9 350 1 358 Malaysia 7 562 0 0 7 562 21 735 72 5 670 16 137 5 241 478 2 837 2 882 Maldives n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Mongolia 186 0 0 186 445 13 2 456 300 0 290 10 Myanmar 18 986 n.a. 0 18 986 3 444 0 673 2 771 326 0 305 21 Nepal 20 854 n.a. n.a. 20 854 620 0 0 620 620 0 0 620 Oman n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 2 5 0 n.a. 23 0 23 Pakistan 30 715 0 n.a. 30 715 2 329 133 0 2 462 1 051 53 0 1 104 Philippines 39 046 0 0 39 046 3 484 435 0 3 919 216 296 41 471 Qatar n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 19 0 19 Republic of Korea 394 0 0 394 1 428 4 370 0 5 798 2 240 480 7 2 713 Saudi Arabia n.a. 3 0 3 n.a. 5 0 5 n.a. 802 0 802 Singapore n.a. 0 1 0 n.a. 35 19 16 25 403 179 249 Sri Lanka 9 708 0 0 9 708 706 0 2 703 5 21 1 26 Syrian Arab Republic 16 0 0 16 35 5 0 40 9 225 0 234 Tajikistan n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. 9 n.a. 9 n.a. 40 0 40 Thailand 33 430 0 0 33 430 2 872 278 0 3150 116 962 86 992 Turkey 7 689 297 0 7 986 9 979 1 037 23 10 993 3 990 489 32 4 447 Turkmenistan n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 24 0 24 United Arab Emirates n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 79 0 79 n.a. 447 0 447 Uzbekistan n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 35 2 33 n.a. 239 1 238 Viet Nam 31 707 n.a. 0 31 707 4 525 6 15 4 516 721 43 8 756 Yemen n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 123 1 122 OCEANIA 8 502 1 0 8 503 40 204 14 6 924 33 294 7 193 910 1 301 6 801 American Samoa n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 Australia 2 700 0 0 2 700 20 235 6 388 19 853 3 649 786 46 4 389 Cook Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 5 0 4 1 n.a. 3 n.a. 3 Fiji 37 n.a. n.a. 37 557 0 1 557 131 0 24 107 French Polynesia n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 2 0 1 n.a. 50 0 50 Guam n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 1 0 1 Kiribati n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 2 n.a. 2 Marshall Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 6 n.a. 6 Micronesia n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 7 n.a. 7 Nauru n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 New Caledonia n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 5 1 n.a. 6 3 12 0 15 New Zealand 0 0 n.a. 0 15 324 4 4 304 1 1024 3 150 30 1 187 1 993 Niue n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Norfolk Island n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Northern Mariana Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Palau n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 8 0 n.a. 3 n.a. 3 Country/area Woodfuel Industrial roundwood Sawnwood (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 165 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Armenia n.a. 35 0 35 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 11 0 11 Azerbaijan n.a. 25 0 25 n.a. 10 n.a. 10 n.a. 15 0 15 Bahrain 9 6 0 16 37 10 n.a. 47 46 119 0 165 Bangladesh 13 0 0 13 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Bhutan n.a. 22 0 22 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Brunei Darussalam 45 16 181 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 4 n.a. Cambodia 10 493 7 068 1 551 16 010 18 211 2 933 18 21 126 32 333 10 131 3 105 39 359 China 19 72 3 88 n.a. 3 0 3 n.a. 51 1 49 Cyprus n.a. 1 0 1 106 12 0 117 80 5 1 84 Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea 10 5 0 15 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 6 0 6 Georgia 348 82 12 419 2 323 259 1 2 580 3 285 674 25 3 934 India 9 117 42 6 111 3 048 1 895 797 1 368 1 324 5 487 131 1 538 4 080 Indonesia 540 7 1 546 45 31 2 73 130 272 0 402 Iran, Islamic Rep. 5 0 0 5 11 0 0 11 20 3 0 23 Iraq 244 260 10 494 n.a. 113 0 113 275 384 18 641 Israel 5 931 5 000 29 10 902 10 848 3 047 41 13 854 29 886 1 449 1 209 30 126 Japan n.a. 89 0 89 8 35 0 43 32 100 16 116 Jordan n.a. 7 0 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 31 0 31 Kazakhstan n.a. 82 0 82 n.a. 10 n.a. 10 n.a. 42 0 42 Kuwait n.a. 10 0 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 9 0 9 Kyrgyzstan 125 1 5 121 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 46 124 1 170 n.a. 22 0 22 42 110 3 149 Lebanon 5 914 117 5 131 900 113 70 0 183 761 816 98 1 479 Malaysia n.a. 4 0 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Maldives 2 5 0 7 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Mongolia 7 4 20 0 18 0 0 18 37 17 0 54 Myanmar n.a. 1 0 1 15 0 0 15 13 2 1 15 Nepal n.a. 9 1 8 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 13 0 13 Oman 109 18 0 127 199 36 n.a. 235 513 135 0 648 Pakistan 309 176 39 447 149 86 0 234 613 392 103 902 Philippines n.a. 36 0 36 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 6 0 6 Qatar 1 732 802 234 2 300 418 1 744 1 2 161 7 749 257 2 765 5 241 Republic of Korea n.a. 531 0 531 n.a. 52 0 52 n.a. 490 7 483 Saudi Arabia 355 480 192 643 n.a. 365 351 14 87 716 221 583 Singapore 15 25 0 40 10 12 0 22 25 104 0 128 Sri Lanka 27 67 0 94 n.a. 13 0 13 1 141 0 142 Syrian Arab Republic n.a. 9 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Tajikistan 348 52 417 0 776 250 214 812 2 367 229 911 1 685 Thailand 1 915 124 77 1 962 392 304 1 696 1 357 755 56 2 056 Turkey n.a. 3 1 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Turkmenistan n.a. 324 0 324 n.a. 15 0 15 n.a. 229 4 225 United Arab Emirates n.a. 69 0 69 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 18 0 18 Uzbekistan 39 86 6 119 133 103 0 236 125 138 4 260 Viet Nam n.a. 63 0 63 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. 40 0 40 Yemen 2 769 284 786 2 266 2 366 202 708 1 860 3 377 1 470 879 3 968 OCEANIA n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 American Samoa 1 558 234 213 1 579 936 187 0 1 123 2 542 1 153 433 3 262 Australia n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Cook Islands 16 3 7 12 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 0 9 Fiji n.a. 12 0 12 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 French Polynesia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. Guam n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Kiribati n.a. 3 n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Marshall Islands n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Micronesia n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Nauru n.a. 4 0 4 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 7 0 7 New Caledonia 1 180 20 565 635 1 430 15 708 737 835 281 446 670 New Zealand n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Niue n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Norfolk Island n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Northern Mariana Islands n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Palau Wood-based panels Pulp for paper Paper and paperboard Country/area (’000 m 3 ) (’000 tonnes) (’000 tonnes) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption 166 Papua New Guinea 5 533 0 n.a. 5 533 3 239 0 1 618 1 621 218 0 33 185 Samoa 70 0 n.a. 70 61 0 0 61 21 3 0 23 Solomon Islands 138 n.a. 0 138 734 n.a. 600 134 12 0 5 7 Tonga n.a. 1 n.a. 1 5 0 0 5 1 5 0 6 Tuvalu n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 Vanuatu 24 n.a. n.a. 24 39 0 0 39 7 1 6 1 Wallis and Futuna Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 EUROPE 95 973 927 4 102 92 797 411 733 48 990 49 108 411 614 116 043 41 098 47 134 110 007 Albania 346 1 5 342 64 2 0 66 5 2 8 0 Andorra n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 10 0 10 Austria 3 175 124 11 3 288 10 858 5 136 809 15 185 8 737 1 098 5 019 4 816 Belarus 809 n.a. 0 809 16 936 0 644 16 292 1 545 2 101 1 446 Belgium and Luxembourg 550 60 50 560 3 765 2 760 930 5 595 1 150 2 400 600 2 950 Bosnia and Herzegovina n.a. 0 1 0 40 1 59 0 20 17 302 0 Bulgaria 1 179 0 56 1 123 1 862 1 200 1 663 253 18 205 66 Croatia 1 107 0 0 1 107 2 291 240 430 2 102 676 17 21 672 Czech Republic 610 3 164 449 13 171 780 2 497 11 454 3420 243 1 289 2 374 Denmark 485 54 6 533 1 644 786 259 2 171 583 2 311 143 2 751 Estonia 1 515 1 83 1 433 4 546 297 3 792 1 051 583 93 747 0 Faeroe Islands n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 4 0 4 Finland 4 032 113 6 4 139 49 638 9 215 706 58 147 11 360 221 8 317 3 264 France 9 800 14 381 9 433 32 970 1 889 2 789 32 070 9 900 2 635 1 053 11 481 Germany 2 611 49 31 2 629 36 441 2 157 4 301 34 297 14 972 5 822 2 328 18 466 Gibraltar n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Greece 1 197 0 0 1 197 495 283 3 775 137 904 106 935 Hungary 1 871 0 208 1 663 2 296 371 1 447 1 220 298 834 394 738 Iceland n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 6 0 6 n.a. 83 1 83 Ireland 73 0 0 73 2 193 40 290 1 943 575 568 188 955 Italy 5 183 233 2 5 414 4 367 5 143 14 9 496 1 600 7 295 174 8 721 Latvia 2 845 n.a. 1 491 1 354 7 185 81 2 760 4 506 3 200 33 3 066 167 Liechtenstein 4 n.a. n.a. 4 9 n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 Lithuania 1 170 4 1 1 173 3 709 86 792 3 003 1 150 205 687 668 Malta n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 21 0 21 Netherlands 150 64 44 170 873 468 294 1047 349 3 503 400 3 452 Norway 300 26 0 326 7 685 3 504 468 10 721 2 550 1 035 715 2 870 Poland 1 476 1 14 1 463 21 824 316 377 21 763 5 860 250 1 232 4 878 Portugal 550 2 13 539 8 428 2 058 603 9 883 1 731 231 379 1 583 Republic of Moldova 356 0 0 356 50 1 1 50 30 38 2 66 Romania 3 020 0 0 3 020 8 629 27 161 8 495 2 200 3 1 543 660 Russian Federation 39 910 n.a. 973 38 937 75 690 225 19 693 56 222 18 780 64 4 847 13 997 Slovakia 404 4 200 208 5128 99 714 4 513 1 265 177 1027 415 Slovenia 539 10 89 460 1 594 287 243 1 638 664 131 353 442 Spain 3 198 18 75 3 140 12 433 2 352 519 14 266 3 080 2 511 165 5 426 Sweden 3 800 129 34 3 895 54 300 9 171 1 420 62 051 15 124 256 10 996 4 384 Switzerland 1 000 5 15 990 3 546 298 1 006 2 838 1 400 529 175 1 754 The FYR of Macedonia 616 0 0 616 158 1 3 155 27 62 17 73 Ukraine 1 810 0 14 1 796 8 242 160 639 7 763 n.a. 105 252 0 United Kingdom 232 9 135 106 7 403 593 231 7 765 2 410 7 031 152 9 289 Yugoslavia 50 0 0 50 1 270 154 13 1 410 410 335 129 616 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA 133 036 267 211 133 092 618 989 7 149 10 494 615 644 180 591 49 007 54 702 174 895 Anguilla n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Antigua and Barbuda n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 11 0 11 Bahamas n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 117 12 0 129 1 75 0 77 Barbados n.a. 1 n.a. 1 5 2 0 7 n.a. 57 0 57 Belize 126 n.a. 0 126 62 0 4 58 20 1 5 16 Bermuda n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 British Virgin Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 4 n.a. 4 Canada 5 319 85 75 5 329 185 859 6 193 1 472 190 579 65 109 1 760 48 369 18 499 Cayman Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 14 0 14 Costa Rica 3 637 n.a. 0 3 637 1 674 1 16 1 659 780 7 3 784 Country/area Woodfuel Industrial roundwood Sawnwood (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 167 15 2 1 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 15 0 14 Papua New Guinea 0 1 1 1 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Samoa 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Solomon Islands n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Tonga n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Tuvalu n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Vanuatu n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Wallis and Futuna Islands 49 993 19 371 19 864 49 500 42 078 15 716 9 750 48 044 90 946 43 187 51 291 82 842 EUROPE 16 25 0 40 16 0 0 16 44 12 0 55 Albania n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Andorra 2 142 479 1 590 1 031 1 493 609 284 1 819 4 009 1 018 3 047 1 981 Austria 392 26 377 41 31 2 1 32 131 58 0 189 Belarus 2 616 1 037 2 585 1 068 382 533 187 729 1 432 2 869 1 848 2 452 Belgium and Luxembourg 34 23 12 45 n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 14 3 11 Bosnia and Herzegovina 233 20 38 215 107 6 42 71 150 91 14 227 Bulgaria 85 94 40 139 95 4 37 62 403 191 113 481 Croatia 1 015 214 574 655 571 129 246 454 767 478 438 807 Czech Republic 426 775 228 973 180 59 32 207 392 1 163 263 1 292 Denmark 235 168 398 5 41 0 3 38 43 90 83 49 Estonia n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 2 0 1 Faeroe Islands 1 672 142 1 172 642 11 355 56 1 635 9 776 12 703 218 10 757 2 164 Finland 4 742 1 439 2 165 4 016 2 675 2 124 459 4 340 9 143 5 417 3 947 10 613 France 12 292 3 545 3 011 12 826 1 950 3 834 343 5 441 16 311 7 993 7 448 16 856 Germany n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Gibraltar 306 395 120 581 0 126 0 126 494 579 43 1 030 Greece 519 184 261 442 17 173 6 184 868 413 191 1 090 Hungary n.a. 30 0 30 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 30 0 30 Iceland 660 206 300 566 0 17 0 17 0 459 75 384 Ireland 4 020 1 539 851 4 708 585 3 250 15 3 820 8 246 3 385 2 047 9 584 Italy 3424291760000197458 Latvia n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 Liechtenstein 265 75 181 159 1 16 13 4 37 75 27 85 Lithuania n.a. 32 0 32 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 34 0 34 Malta 106 1 823 300 1 629 129 1 235 328 1 036 3 180 3 441 2 752 3 869 Netherlands 630 216 269 577 2231 124 392 1 963 2 252 474 1 958 768 Norway 3 593 767 827 3 533 923 177 48 1 052 1 720 917 555 2 083 Poland 1 215 145 792 568 1 708 94 1 053 749 1 136 683 772 1 047 Portugal 10 6 0 16 n.a. 0 1 0 n.a. 16 2 14 Republic of Moldova 319 132 81 370 218 8 2 224 294 125 86 333 Romania 3 473 188 989 2 672 3 841 20 1 005 2 856 3 540 357 1 705 2 192 Russian Federation 339 265 210 394 340 2 2 340 599 147 121 625 Slovakia 538 117 189 466 142 165 35 272 491 127 336 282 Slovenia 2 970 989 608 3 350 1 619 575 662 1 532 4 196 3 082 1 089 6 189 Spain 972 592 578 986 10 541 266 2 765 8 041 9 879 524 8 515 1 888 Sweden 678 538 513 703 225 434 126 533 1 592 1 240 1 242 1 590 Switzerland 2 19 0 21 1 3 n.a. 4 21 46 7 59 The FYR of Macedonia 275 77 40 312 35 31 1 65 261 195 55 401 Ukraine 2 727 2 980 265 5 442 584 1 643 29 2 199 6 477 7 055 1 746 11 786 United Kingdom 132 44 7 168 42 0 0 42 117 94 2 209 Yugoslavia 52 378 12 542 11 375 53 545 82 595 6 221 15 794 73 022 101 109 20 208 25 662 95 655 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Anguilla n.a. 4 0 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Antigua and Barbuda n.a. 14 0 14 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 5 0 5 Bahamas n.a. 15 0 15 n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 11 0 11 Barbados n.a. 4 0 3 n.a. 2 0 2 n.a. 2 0 1 Belize n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 Bermuda n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 British Virgin Islands 12 151 1 217 9 107 4 261 23 544 287 10 641 13 190 21 207 2 773 14 302 9 678 Canada n.a. 5 0 5 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Cayman Islands 74 12 26 61 10 5 0 15 20 259 2 278 Costa Rica Wood-based panels Pulp for paper Paper and paperboard Country/area (’000 m 3 ) (’000 tonnes) (’000 tonnes) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption 168 Cuba 2 145 n.a. n.a. 2 145 611 0 0 611 130 8 0 138 Dominica n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 8 0 8 n.a. 6 0 5 Dominican Republic 556 0 n.a. 556 6 14 0 20 0 313 0 313 El Salvador 4 519 0 n.a. 4 519 610 5 0 615 70 10 0 80 Grenada n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 10 n.a. 10 Guadeloupe 15 0 n.a. 15 0 5 0 5 1 46 0 47 Guatemala 12 794 n.a. 0 12 794 201 3 0 205 355 2 28 329 Haiti 6 158 n.a. n.a. 6 158 239 3 0 242 14 9 0 22 Honduras 6 381 0 2 6 380 795 0 37 758 369 16 207 178 Jamaica 300 0 n.a. 300 43 2 0 44 12 111 0 123 Martinique 10 0 n.a. 10 2 3 0 5 1 29 0 30 Mexico 15 935 0 5 15 930 7 931 22 1 7 952 3 260 1 430 330 4 360 Montserrat n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 4 n.a. 4 Netherlands Antilles n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. 28 0 28 Nicaragua 3 970 0 0 3 970 228 0 4 224 148 1 78 71 Panama 1 001 0 n.a. 1 001 97 4 0 101 17 2 0 18 Saint Kitts and Nevis n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. 5 0 5 Saint Lucia n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 7 n.a. 7 n.a. 15 n.a. 15 Saint Pierre and Miquelon n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 2 0 2 Saint Vincent and Grenadines n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 21 0 21 Trinidad and Tobago 10 0 n.a. 10 50 20 0 70 27 47 0 74 Turks and Caicos Islands n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 4 0 4 United States 70 160 180 130 70 210 420 458 840 8 959 412 339 110 276 44 940 5 680 149 536 United States Virgin Islands n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 SOUTH AMERICA 168 484 17 2 168 500 130 576 50 2 919 127 707 29 970 604 3 351 27 224 Argentina 3 741 0 0 3 741 7 687 18 480 7 225 1 711 292 46 1 958 Bolivia 1 355 0 0 1 355 634 0 0 634 218 0 101 117 Brazil 114 052 17 0 114 069 83 764 4 935 82 833 18 591 244 1 426 17 409 Chile 10 356 n.a. 0 10 356 21 314 0 415 20 899 4 551 0 1 172 3 379 Colombia 16 712 0 n.a. 16 712 1 906 12 17 1 901 1 019 7 8 1 017 Ecuador 5 420 0 n.a. 5 420 5 920 0 126 5 794 2 079 2 26 2 055 French Guiana 60 n.a. n.a. 60 60 1 2 59 15 1 4 12 Guyana 11 n.a. 0 11 431 0 71 360 57 0 21 36 Paraguay 4 220 n.a. 2 4 218 3 877 0 0 3 877 550 1 414 137 Peru 7 328 0 0 7 328 1 829 11 0 1 840 590 4 63 531 Suriname 1 0 n.a. 1 182 0 21 161 41 0 5 36 Uruguay 4 335 0 n.a. 4 335 1 828 2 843 987 269 44 64 248 Venezuela 894 0 n.a. 894 1 144 3 9 1 138 279 10 0 289 TOTAL WORLD 1 753 066 1 535 4 330 1 750 271 1 515 688 87 793 82 079 1 521 402 415 681 115 760 113 888 417 553 Country/area Woodfuel Industrial roundwood Sawnwood (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) (’000 m 3 ) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 169 149 12 1 160 52 1 n.a. 53 57 24 0 81 Cuba n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 3 Dominica n.a. 47 0 47 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 130 137 0 267 Dominican Republic n.a. 10 0 10 n.a. 7 n.a. 7 56 63 7 112 El Salvador n.a. 4 n.a. 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 Grenada n.a. 23 0 23 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 6 0 6 Guadeloupe 43 11 6 48 n.a. 1 n.a. 1 31 179 5 204 Guatemala n.a. 7 n.a. 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 6 0 6 Haiti 19962 71089595 189 Honduras 0 29 n.a. 29 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 43 0 43 Jamaica n.a. 7 0 7 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 5 0 5 Martinique 0 359 38 321 606 439 1 1 045 3 673 973 223 4 423 Mexico n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Montserrat n.a. 16 0 16 n.a. 2 0 1 n.a. 7 1 7 Netherlands Antilles 5 7 2 10 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 13 0 13 Nicaragua 21 11 0 32 n.a. 2 0 2 28 61 14 75 Panama n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Saint Kitts and Nevis n.a. 7 n.a. 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 10 0 10 Saint Lucia n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Saint Pierre and Miquelon n.a. 16 0 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 5 0 5 Saint Vincent and Grenadines n.a. 1 0 10505n.a. 53 0 52 Trinidad and Tobago n.a. 1 0 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 Turks and Caicos Islands 39 916 10 678 2 189 48 404 58 376 5 465 5 151 58 690 75 812 15 470 11 107 80 175 United States n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 United States Virgin Islands 5 655 438 1 610 4 483 10 321 737 4 643 6 416 9 930 3 270 1 309 11 891 SOUTH AMERICA 619 87 148 559 750 169 199 720 1 159 799 55 1 903 Argentina 3 113 0202210 0102 Bolivia 3 098 183 904 2 377 6 720 319 2 700 4 339 6 52 4 854 780 6 599 Brazil 971 0 310 661 2 210 7 1 745 472 642 362 215 789 Chile 112 36 24 125 312 95 0 407 711 368 75 1 004 Colombia 419 6 70 355 2 14 0 16 91 349 18 423 Ecuador 0 3 0 3 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 French Guiana 76 0 70 6 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 6 0 6 Guyana 161 1 58 105 n.a. 1 0 1 13 49 2 60 Paraguay 58 41 17 82 17 20 0 37 63 180 1 242 Peru 8 0 3 5 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 1 Suriname 6 22 0 27 35 22 0 57 88 76 34 130 Uruguay 94 57 5 146 275 90 0 365 637 124 129 631 Venezuela 150 483 49 437 48 211 151 709 175 521 33 562 33 524 175 559 293 558 88 044 89 746 291 856 TOTAL WORLD Wood-based panels Pulp for paper Paper and paperboard Country/area (’000 m 3 ) (’000 tonnes) (’000 tonnes) Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption Production Imports Exports Consumption 170 TABLE 6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS Country/territory Status of ratification of international conventions International Tropical Timber Convention FCCC Kyoto Convention to CITES Ramsar World Agreement 1994 on Biological Protocol Combat Convention Heritage (ITTO members) Diversity (of FCCC) Desertification Convention AFRICA Algeria x x x x x x Angola x x x x Benin x x x x x x Botswana x x x x x x Burkina Faso x x x x x x Burundi x x x x x Cameroon x x x x x x Cape Verde x x x x Central African Republic x x x x x x Chad x x x x x Comoros x x x x x x Congo x x x x x x x C?te d’Ivoire x x x x x x x Dem. Rep. of the Congo x x x x x x x Djibouti x x x x Egypt x x s x x x x x Equatorial Guinea x x x Eritrea x x x x Ethiopia x x x x x Gabon x x x x x x x Gambia x x x x x x Ghana x x x x x x x Guinea x x x x x x Guinea-Bissau x x x x x Kenya x x x x x x Lesotho x x x Liberia x x x Libyan Arab Jamahiriya x x x x Madagascar x x x x x x Malawi x x x x x x Mali x x s x x x x Mauritania x x x x x x Mauritius x x x x x Morocco x x x x x x Mozambique x x x x x Namibia x x x x x x Niger x x s x x x x Nigeria x x x x x Rwanda x x x x Sao Tome and Principe x x x Senegal x x x x x x Seychelles x x s x x x Sierra Leone x x x x x Somalia x South Africa x x x x x x Sudan x x x x x Swaziland x x x x Togo x x x x x x x Tunisia x x x x x x Uganda x x x x x x United Rep. of Tanzania x x x x x x Zambia x x s x x x x Zimbabwe x x x x x ASIA Afghanistan x x x Armenia x x x x x Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 171 Azerbaijan x x x x x Bahrain x x x x x Bangladesh x x x x x x Bhutan x x Brunei Darussalam x Cambodia x x x x x x x China x x s x x x x x Cyprus x x r x x x Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea x x x Georgia x x r x x x x India x x x x x x x Indonesia x x s x x x x x Iran, Islamic Rep. x x x x x x Iraq x Israel x x s x x x x Japan x x* s x x x x x Jordan x x x x x x Kazakhstan x x s x x x Kuwait x x Kyrgyzstan x x x x Lao People’s Dem. Rep. x x x x Lebanon x x x x x Malaysia x x s x x x x x Maldives x x s/r x Mongolia x x r x x x x Myanmar x x x x x x Nepal x x x x x x x Oman x x x x Pakistan x x x x x x Philippines x x s x x x x x Qatar x x x x Republic of Korea x x s x x x x x Saudi Arabia x x x x Singapore x x x x Sri Lanka x x x x x x Syrian Arab Republic x x x x x Tajikistan x x x x Thailand x s x x x x Turkey x x x x x Turkmenistan x x s/r x x United Arab Emirates x x x x Uzbekistan x x s/r x x x Viet Nam x x s x x x x Yemen x x x x x EUROPE Albania x x x x x Austria x x* s x x x x x Belarus x x x x x Belgium x x* s x x x x x Bosnia and Herzegovina x Bulgaria x x* s x x x Croatia x x* s x x x Czech Republic x x* s x x x x Denmark x x* s x x x x x Estonia x x* s x x x Finland x x* s x x x x x France x x* s x x x x x Germany x x* s x x x x x Greece x x* s x x x x x Hungary x x x x x x Iceland x x* s x x x x Ireland x x* x x x x Country/territory Status of ratification of international conventions International Tropical Timber Convention FCCC Kyoto Convention to CITES Ramsar World Agreement 1994 on Biological Protocol Combat Convention Heritage (ITTO members) Diversity (of FCCC) Desertification Convention Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 172 Italy x x* s x x x x x Latvia x x* s x x x Liechtenstein x x* s x x x Lithuania x x* s x x Luxembourg x x* s x x x x x Malta x s x x x x Monaco x x* s x x x x Netherlands x x* s x x x x x Norway x x* s x x x x x Poland x x* s x x x Portugal x x* s x x x x x Republic of Moldova x x x x Romania x x* s x x x x Russian Federation x x* s x x x San Marino x x x x Slovakia x x* s x x x Slovenia x x* s x x x Spain x x* s x x x x x Sweden x x* s x x x x x Switzerland x x* s x x x x x The FYR of Macedonia x x x x x Ukraine x x* s x x x United Kingdom x x* s x x x x x Yugoslavia x x x OCEANIA Australia x x* s x x x x x Cook Islands x x s x Fiji x x s/r x x x x Kiribati x x x x Marshall Islands x x s x Micronesia x x s/r x Nauru x x x New Zealand x x* s x x x x Niue x x s/r x Palau x x r x Papua New Guinea x x s x x x x Samoa x x s x Solomon Islands x x s x x Tonga x x x Tuvalu x s/r x Vanuatu x x x x x NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA Antigua and Barbuda x x s/r x x x Bahamas x x s/r x x Barbados x x s/r x x Belize x x x x x x Canada x x* s x x x x x Costa Rica x x s x x x x Cuba x x s x x x Dominica x x x x x Dominican Republic x x x x x El Salvador x x s/r x x x x Grenada x x x x x Guatemala x x s/r x x x x Haiti x x x x Honduras x x s x x x x x Jamaica x x r x x x x Mexico x x s x x x x Nicaragua x x s/r x x x x Panama x x s/r x x x x x Country/territory Status of ratification of international conventions International Tropical Timber Convention FCCC Kyoto Convention to CITES Ramsar World Agreement 1994 on Biological Protocol Combat Convention Heritage (ITTO members) Diversity (of FCCC) Desertification Convention Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings. 173 Saint Kitts and Nevis x x x x x Saint Lucia x x s x x x Saint Vincent and Grenadines x x s x x Trinidad and Tobago x x s/r x x x x United States x* s x x x x SOUTH AMERICA Argentina x x s x x x x Bolivia x x s/r x x x x x Brazil x x s x x x x x Chile x x s x x x x Colombia x x x x x x x Ecuador x x s/r x x x x x Guyana x x x x x x Paraguay x x s/r x x x x Peru x x s x x x x x Suriname x x x x x x x Uruguay x x s x x x x Venezuela x x x x x x x Country/territory Status of ratification of international conventions International Tropical Timber Convention FCCC Kyoto Convention to CITES Ramsar World Agreement 1994 on Biological Protocol Combat Convention Heritage (ITTO members) Diversity (of FCCC) Desertification Convention Note: The regional breakdown reflects geographic rather than economic or political groupings.