? Unit 6
Animal Intelligence
What Animal Really Think
? Euqene Linden
? Part 1 ObjectivesPart
? Part 2 Background
? Part 3 Ddiscussion
? Part 4 Language Points
? Part 5 Ccontent Questions
? Part 6 Translation
? Part 1 Objectives
? 1,understand the main idea --- some
animals seem capable of thinking when it
is in their own interests to do so
? 2,appreciate the importance of examples
in exposition
? 3,language points
? 4,four skills
?
Part 2 Background
1.gorilla,the largest of the great apes.The
male is heavily built and may stand
1.7(5.5feet)in height,with an armed-
spread of 2.4m(7.8feet).It has a large
head with a short neck,prominent
mouth,thin lips,and small ears.The
female is small than the male.This huge
animal has formidable canine teeth,yet
it feeds on fruit and vegetables and has
no natural enemies,
Most of the day is spent on the
ground;they usually walk on all fours
leaning on the knuckles of their
hands,but occasionally upright,
1,T asks Ss the following two questions to
check if they have listened to the tape
recording,
--- How does Michael Jackson feel about
Ben? Why? (hint,They are friends,
because they find comfort in the company
of each other)
? Part 3 Discussion
? 2,Ranking
? (1) T dictates the following names of
animals to Ss,pig,hen,dog,dolphin,
elephant,monkey,rat,parrot,cat,ant,
? (2) Ss form groups to rank those
animals according to their
intelligence,and get ready to explain
the rational behind the ranking,Ss
may cite examples,anecdotes,
personal experiences,scientific
findings,etc,
? ( 3 ) T invites speakers for several
groups to report to the class
? 4,T leads in to the text by saying,As
you all agree,animals do display
intelligence in some areas,Let’s read
the text and find out more examples of
animal intelligence
? Part 4 Structure Study
? only to be met with a blank stare,
? Only to (do sth.) is often used to indicate
that sb,did sth,with a disappointing or
surprising result,Infinitive to functions as
result adverbial,
? Examples,1) He hurried to the railway
station,only to find that the train had left,
2) He had once tried inviting her out,only
to meet with a rather cool response,
Like the time he helped save a family
member.,He did just that when he
helped save a family member,
..,even if their horizons are more
limited than ours.,even though they
can't assess the world in the same
way as we do because of more
limited knowledge and experience,
Language Study
? 1.intelligence:ability to learn and
understand
? Examples,1) Do computers have any
intelligence?
? 2) Don't act like such an idiot — use
your intelligence,
? (intelligent) a,
? Examples,1) intelligent computer
2) Even if you are intelligent,you can't
be an excellent student without working
hard.)
?2.controversy,a lot of discussion and
argument about sth.,often involving
strong feelings of anger or
disapproval (followed by over or
about)
? Example,There is a fierce / bitter/
heated controversy over the
publishing of his book,
?3,surround,be or go all around (sth,
or sb.)
? Examples,1) The village was
surrounded by desert,So the villagers
had to abandon it and move to other
areas,
?2) The baby was sitting on the floor
surrounded by toys,
? surrounding n,
4,explore,1) examine thoroughly,learn
about
? Example,The engineers have already
explored the possibility of building a
bridge over the river,
? 2) travel over (a region,area,etc.) for the
purpose of discovery
? Examples,a) Both adults and children
find it exciting to explore space,
? b) The man will explore the Sahara
desert on foot,
? exploration n,
? 5,obvious,easy to see and understand; clear
Examples,1) It must be obvious to everyone that
he's lying,
2) It is obvious that the Chinese women's soccer
team will defeat the American women's team,
? obviously adv,
? 6,encounter,(fml) meet,esp,unexpectedly
? Example,She encountered an old friend on the
street,
? 7.,.,the lack of it,Here it refers to animal
intelligence,
? 8,reveal,make (sth.) known
? Example,A survey of the Chinese diet has
revealed that a growing number of children in
cities are overweight,
? 9,convince,make (sb.) feel sure by the use of
argument or evidence (used in the patterns,
convince sb,of sth.,convince sb,that)
? Examples,1) His parents managed to
convince him that teaching was the most
suitable profession for him,
2) We finally convinced the police of our
innocence,
? (be convinced),feel certain that sth,is
true
? Example,I was convinced that we were
doing the right thing.)
10,dominant,1) ruling; stronger,more
powerful,or more noticeable than other
people or things
? Examples:Charlie Chaplin was a
dominant figure in the American film
industry,
? 2) a dominant position 统治地位
? 11,make a deal,reach an agreement or
arrangement,esp,in business or politics
? Examples,1) I'll make a deal with
you — you wash the car and I'll let you
use it tonight,
? 2) The car company has made a
deal with a Japanese firm,which will
supply engines in exchange for brakes,
? 12,negotiate,discuss in order to come to an
agreement (used in the patterns,negotiate/or
sth.,negotiate to do sth.,negotiate with sb.)
? Example,The government refused to
negotiate with terrorists,
? negotiation n,
? 13,maintain,continue to do or have (sth.)
? Examples,1) Our department maintains close
contacts with the IT industry,
? 2) The taxi driver and his friend Ed maintained
their friendship for over 30 years,
? 14,relieve,free (sb.) from pain,anxiety,etc.; ease
(pain,anxiety,etc.) (used in the pattern,relieve sb,
of sth.)
Examples,1) Taking a part-time job would relieve
you of the financial burden,
? 2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain,
? 15,undertake,carry out; take upon oneself (a
task,etc.)
? Examples,1) The United Nations was
supposed to undertake the role of global peace-
keeper,
? 2) You should think very carefully before
you undertake the responsibilities of a general
manager of a multi-national company,
? 3) We'll have to employ more staff if we're to
undertake more work,
? 16,figure out,understand; reason out
? Examples,1) I can't figure out why he quit
his well-paid job to undertake such tedious
work,
? 2) I can't figure her out; one minute she's
happy,the next,sad,
? 3) It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start
the new washing-machine,
? 17,extend,1) (cause to) stretch or reach
? Example,The high-speed train service is
planned to extend from Baltimore to
Philadelphia,
? 2) make larger or longer
? Examples,a) I would like to stay in France a
bit longer,but I will need to extend my visa,
? b) We've extended the kitchen to give
us room for a dining area,
? 18,expand,(cause to) grow larger (in size,
number or amount)
? Examples,1) The air in the balloon expands
when heated,
? 2) The population of the town expanded
rapidly in the 1960s,
? 3) The bank is aiming to expand its share of the
mortgage market,
? expansion n,
? 19,switch,change; shift (used with to)
? Examples,1) He used to play tennis,but now
he's switched to golf,
? 2) She started studying medicine at college,
but switched to Business Studies in her second
year,
? 20,envy,wish that you had a quality or
possession that another person has (used in the
patterns,envy sb./sth.,envy sb,sth.,envy sb,for
sth.)
? Examples,1) He became a millionaire
overnight,Many people envied him for his
good luck,
? 2) She's got a capacity for languages that
many students would envy,
? 21,cooperate,act or work together (followed
by with,or in,or to do sth.)
? Examples,1) The New York City police
cooperated with the force in Boston in catching
the criminals,
? 2) Russia and the US are cooperating in joint
space ventures,
? 3) Aid agencies and the local government are
cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded
area,
? cooperation n,
? cooperative adj,
? 22,in sb's interest(s),for or to sb.'s advantage
? Examples,1) It would be in your interests to
undertake this task although it's difficult,
? 2) The local government has to abandon the
plan for a new chemical plant because it is not
in the public interest,
?,
? (Similar phrase,in the interest(s) of sth.,for the
sake of sth.)
? Example,In the interests of safety,please do not
smoke
? 23,This is true,but I don't think it goes far
enough.,What behaviorists say is right,but I
don't think their explanation helps very much,
? go far,help very much; achieve much success
? Examples,1) Your suggestion will go far
towards solving our present housing problem,
? 2) Jane's a very talented writer — she'll go far,
24,assess,judge the quality,importance or worth
of
? Examples,1) The value of the diamond was
assessed at $20,000,
2) Examinations are not the only means of
assessing someone's ability,
? 25,judgment,1) opinion about sth,
? Examples,a) In your judgment,what has
caused the students' failure in the examination?
? b) My judgment is that the students have spent
too much time on extracurricular activities,
? c) The manager made an unfair judgment of
his new secretary's character,
2) the ability to form valuable opinions and
make good decisions
? Example,He was employed as manager
of the Personnel Department because of
his excellent judgment,
? 26,at first,at the beginning
? Examples,1) At first I thought that the
shop was empty,then a man appeared
from behind one of the counters,
? 2) Jack felt tired at first,but soon got
used to the long working hours,
? Compare "at first,first,and firstly",
(See Vocabulary II,Confusable Words
? 27,emergency,an unexpected and dangerous
event which must be dealt with at once
? Examples,1) In an emergency,call 110,
2) The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an
emergency landing,
? 28,go wrong,stop developing well
Examples,1) Everything went wrong with my
computer after I installed that new program,
2) I didn't watch the live opening ceremony of the
World Cup yesterday because my television
went wrong again,
? 29,size up,carefully examine a situation
or person in order to make a judgment
? Example,I don't like the way the sales
assistants in that shop size you up as you
walk through the door,
? 30,release,set free (used in the pattern,
release sb./sth,from)
? Example,He was released from prison
after serving two years of a five-year
sentence,
? 31,evidence,sth,that gives a reason for
believing sth.; trace (uncountable noun;
often followed by of / for,or that,or
infinitive to)
? Examples,1) There is a lot of evidence
that stress is partly responsible for disease
? 2) Scientists haven't found any evidence of
life on other planets,
? 3) We don't have enough evidence to
prove him guilty,
? 32,deceive,try to make (sb.) believe sth,
that is false (used in the patterns,deceive
sb.,deceive sb,into doing sth.)
? Examples,1) You can't pass exams
without working,so don't deceive yourself
into thinking you can,
? 2) You deceived me,and I can't forgive
you,
? 3) They deceived the old man into signing
the papers,
? 33,Melati looked Shewman in the eye,..,
Melati looked directly and steadily at
Shewman,
? look sb,in the eye(s),look directly and
steadily at sb,because you are not
embarrassed or ashamed
? Example,Can you look me in the eyes
and say you didn't break the window?
? 34,original,first or earliest
? Examples,1) The Indians were the
original inhabitants of North America,
? 2) The land was returned to its original
owner,
? 35,give in (to sb./sth.),admit a loss;
surrender; yield
? Examples,1) The authorities showed no
signs of giving in to the kidnappers'
demands,
? 2) I pressed my parents until they finally
gave in and bought me a computer,
? 36,underneath,under or below
Examples,1) The bomb exploded underneath his
car as he was preparing to leave home,
2) Russel wore a white vest (汗衫,背心,内衣 )
underneath his shirt,
? 37,survive,1) remain alive
Example,A few were killed but most survived in
the earthquake,
2) continue to live or exist after
Examples,a) She survived the accident,
b) The plants may not survive the frost,
? 38,wipe out,get rid of or destroy
? Examples,1) The bank agreed to wipe
out their debts,
2) Whole villages were wiped out in the
flood,
?
? Part 5 Content Questions
? Ss answer the following questions,
? ---- What does, it” in the first line of Para,4
refer to? (hint,the key chain held by Colo)
? ---- What does, the problem” in the first line
of Para,10 refer to? (hint,the keepers
couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.)
? ---- What does, this whole trick” in the first
line of Para,12 refer to? (hint,Melati
deceived her
? keeper into giving her two oranges instead of
one from her keeper by pretending.)
? Part 6 Translation
? When I was young I developed a keen interest
in animals,So I often visited the zoo in my
home town,There what attracted me most was
a couple of tigers,especially the male,They
were kept in a huge iron cage at first,but later
was released from it and put in a place called
Tiger Hill,The hill was separated from the
visitors by a very wide and deep ditch,What's
more,it was also surrounded by a high iron
fence along the ditch,
? Twenty years later,I revisited the zoo and was
relieved to find the Tiger Hill was still there but
greatly extended,Moving around now were six
tigers,old and young,instead of two!
Animal Intelligence
What Animal Really Think
? Euqene Linden
? Part 1 ObjectivesPart
? Part 2 Background
? Part 3 Ddiscussion
? Part 4 Language Points
? Part 5 Ccontent Questions
? Part 6 Translation
? Part 1 Objectives
? 1,understand the main idea --- some
animals seem capable of thinking when it
is in their own interests to do so
? 2,appreciate the importance of examples
in exposition
? 3,language points
? 4,four skills
?
Part 2 Background
1.gorilla,the largest of the great apes.The
male is heavily built and may stand
1.7(5.5feet)in height,with an armed-
spread of 2.4m(7.8feet).It has a large
head with a short neck,prominent
mouth,thin lips,and small ears.The
female is small than the male.This huge
animal has formidable canine teeth,yet
it feeds on fruit and vegetables and has
no natural enemies,
Most of the day is spent on the
ground;they usually walk on all fours
leaning on the knuckles of their
hands,but occasionally upright,
1,T asks Ss the following two questions to
check if they have listened to the tape
recording,
--- How does Michael Jackson feel about
Ben? Why? (hint,They are friends,
because they find comfort in the company
of each other)
? Part 3 Discussion
? 2,Ranking
? (1) T dictates the following names of
animals to Ss,pig,hen,dog,dolphin,
elephant,monkey,rat,parrot,cat,ant,
? (2) Ss form groups to rank those
animals according to their
intelligence,and get ready to explain
the rational behind the ranking,Ss
may cite examples,anecdotes,
personal experiences,scientific
findings,etc,
? ( 3 ) T invites speakers for several
groups to report to the class
? 4,T leads in to the text by saying,As
you all agree,animals do display
intelligence in some areas,Let’s read
the text and find out more examples of
animal intelligence
? Part 4 Structure Study
? only to be met with a blank stare,
? Only to (do sth.) is often used to indicate
that sb,did sth,with a disappointing or
surprising result,Infinitive to functions as
result adverbial,
? Examples,1) He hurried to the railway
station,only to find that the train had left,
2) He had once tried inviting her out,only
to meet with a rather cool response,
Like the time he helped save a family
member.,He did just that when he
helped save a family member,
..,even if their horizons are more
limited than ours.,even though they
can't assess the world in the same
way as we do because of more
limited knowledge and experience,
Language Study
? 1.intelligence:ability to learn and
understand
? Examples,1) Do computers have any
intelligence?
? 2) Don't act like such an idiot — use
your intelligence,
? (intelligent) a,
? Examples,1) intelligent computer
2) Even if you are intelligent,you can't
be an excellent student without working
hard.)
?2.controversy,a lot of discussion and
argument about sth.,often involving
strong feelings of anger or
disapproval (followed by over or
about)
? Example,There is a fierce / bitter/
heated controversy over the
publishing of his book,
?3,surround,be or go all around (sth,
or sb.)
? Examples,1) The village was
surrounded by desert,So the villagers
had to abandon it and move to other
areas,
?2) The baby was sitting on the floor
surrounded by toys,
? surrounding n,
4,explore,1) examine thoroughly,learn
about
? Example,The engineers have already
explored the possibility of building a
bridge over the river,
? 2) travel over (a region,area,etc.) for the
purpose of discovery
? Examples,a) Both adults and children
find it exciting to explore space,
? b) The man will explore the Sahara
desert on foot,
? exploration n,
? 5,obvious,easy to see and understand; clear
Examples,1) It must be obvious to everyone that
he's lying,
2) It is obvious that the Chinese women's soccer
team will defeat the American women's team,
? obviously adv,
? 6,encounter,(fml) meet,esp,unexpectedly
? Example,She encountered an old friend on the
street,
? 7.,.,the lack of it,Here it refers to animal
intelligence,
? 8,reveal,make (sth.) known
? Example,A survey of the Chinese diet has
revealed that a growing number of children in
cities are overweight,
? 9,convince,make (sb.) feel sure by the use of
argument or evidence (used in the patterns,
convince sb,of sth.,convince sb,that)
? Examples,1) His parents managed to
convince him that teaching was the most
suitable profession for him,
2) We finally convinced the police of our
innocence,
? (be convinced),feel certain that sth,is
true
? Example,I was convinced that we were
doing the right thing.)
10,dominant,1) ruling; stronger,more
powerful,or more noticeable than other
people or things
? Examples:Charlie Chaplin was a
dominant figure in the American film
industry,
? 2) a dominant position 统治地位
? 11,make a deal,reach an agreement or
arrangement,esp,in business or politics
? Examples,1) I'll make a deal with
you — you wash the car and I'll let you
use it tonight,
? 2) The car company has made a
deal with a Japanese firm,which will
supply engines in exchange for brakes,
? 12,negotiate,discuss in order to come to an
agreement (used in the patterns,negotiate/or
sth.,negotiate to do sth.,negotiate with sb.)
? Example,The government refused to
negotiate with terrorists,
? negotiation n,
? 13,maintain,continue to do or have (sth.)
? Examples,1) Our department maintains close
contacts with the IT industry,
? 2) The taxi driver and his friend Ed maintained
their friendship for over 30 years,
? 14,relieve,free (sb.) from pain,anxiety,etc.; ease
(pain,anxiety,etc.) (used in the pattern,relieve sb,
of sth.)
Examples,1) Taking a part-time job would relieve
you of the financial burden,
? 2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain,
? 15,undertake,carry out; take upon oneself (a
task,etc.)
? Examples,1) The United Nations was
supposed to undertake the role of global peace-
keeper,
? 2) You should think very carefully before
you undertake the responsibilities of a general
manager of a multi-national company,
? 3) We'll have to employ more staff if we're to
undertake more work,
? 16,figure out,understand; reason out
? Examples,1) I can't figure out why he quit
his well-paid job to undertake such tedious
work,
? 2) I can't figure her out; one minute she's
happy,the next,sad,
? 3) It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start
the new washing-machine,
? 17,extend,1) (cause to) stretch or reach
? Example,The high-speed train service is
planned to extend from Baltimore to
Philadelphia,
? 2) make larger or longer
? Examples,a) I would like to stay in France a
bit longer,but I will need to extend my visa,
? b) We've extended the kitchen to give
us room for a dining area,
? 18,expand,(cause to) grow larger (in size,
number or amount)
? Examples,1) The air in the balloon expands
when heated,
? 2) The population of the town expanded
rapidly in the 1960s,
? 3) The bank is aiming to expand its share of the
mortgage market,
? expansion n,
? 19,switch,change; shift (used with to)
? Examples,1) He used to play tennis,but now
he's switched to golf,
? 2) She started studying medicine at college,
but switched to Business Studies in her second
year,
? 20,envy,wish that you had a quality or
possession that another person has (used in the
patterns,envy sb./sth.,envy sb,sth.,envy sb,for
sth.)
? Examples,1) He became a millionaire
overnight,Many people envied him for his
good luck,
? 2) She's got a capacity for languages that
many students would envy,
? 21,cooperate,act or work together (followed
by with,or in,or to do sth.)
? Examples,1) The New York City police
cooperated with the force in Boston in catching
the criminals,
? 2) Russia and the US are cooperating in joint
space ventures,
? 3) Aid agencies and the local government are
cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded
area,
? cooperation n,
? cooperative adj,
? 22,in sb's interest(s),for or to sb.'s advantage
? Examples,1) It would be in your interests to
undertake this task although it's difficult,
? 2) The local government has to abandon the
plan for a new chemical plant because it is not
in the public interest,
?,
? (Similar phrase,in the interest(s) of sth.,for the
sake of sth.)
? Example,In the interests of safety,please do not
smoke
? 23,This is true,but I don't think it goes far
enough.,What behaviorists say is right,but I
don't think their explanation helps very much,
? go far,help very much; achieve much success
? Examples,1) Your suggestion will go far
towards solving our present housing problem,
? 2) Jane's a very talented writer — she'll go far,
24,assess,judge the quality,importance or worth
of
? Examples,1) The value of the diamond was
assessed at $20,000,
2) Examinations are not the only means of
assessing someone's ability,
? 25,judgment,1) opinion about sth,
? Examples,a) In your judgment,what has
caused the students' failure in the examination?
? b) My judgment is that the students have spent
too much time on extracurricular activities,
? c) The manager made an unfair judgment of
his new secretary's character,
2) the ability to form valuable opinions and
make good decisions
? Example,He was employed as manager
of the Personnel Department because of
his excellent judgment,
? 26,at first,at the beginning
? Examples,1) At first I thought that the
shop was empty,then a man appeared
from behind one of the counters,
? 2) Jack felt tired at first,but soon got
used to the long working hours,
? Compare "at first,first,and firstly",
(See Vocabulary II,Confusable Words
? 27,emergency,an unexpected and dangerous
event which must be dealt with at once
? Examples,1) In an emergency,call 110,
2) The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an
emergency landing,
? 28,go wrong,stop developing well
Examples,1) Everything went wrong with my
computer after I installed that new program,
2) I didn't watch the live opening ceremony of the
World Cup yesterday because my television
went wrong again,
? 29,size up,carefully examine a situation
or person in order to make a judgment
? Example,I don't like the way the sales
assistants in that shop size you up as you
walk through the door,
? 30,release,set free (used in the pattern,
release sb./sth,from)
? Example,He was released from prison
after serving two years of a five-year
sentence,
? 31,evidence,sth,that gives a reason for
believing sth.; trace (uncountable noun;
often followed by of / for,or that,or
infinitive to)
? Examples,1) There is a lot of evidence
that stress is partly responsible for disease
? 2) Scientists haven't found any evidence of
life on other planets,
? 3) We don't have enough evidence to
prove him guilty,
? 32,deceive,try to make (sb.) believe sth,
that is false (used in the patterns,deceive
sb.,deceive sb,into doing sth.)
? Examples,1) You can't pass exams
without working,so don't deceive yourself
into thinking you can,
? 2) You deceived me,and I can't forgive
you,
? 3) They deceived the old man into signing
the papers,
? 33,Melati looked Shewman in the eye,..,
Melati looked directly and steadily at
Shewman,
? look sb,in the eye(s),look directly and
steadily at sb,because you are not
embarrassed or ashamed
? Example,Can you look me in the eyes
and say you didn't break the window?
? 34,original,first or earliest
? Examples,1) The Indians were the
original inhabitants of North America,
? 2) The land was returned to its original
owner,
? 35,give in (to sb./sth.),admit a loss;
surrender; yield
? Examples,1) The authorities showed no
signs of giving in to the kidnappers'
demands,
? 2) I pressed my parents until they finally
gave in and bought me a computer,
? 36,underneath,under or below
Examples,1) The bomb exploded underneath his
car as he was preparing to leave home,
2) Russel wore a white vest (汗衫,背心,内衣 )
underneath his shirt,
? 37,survive,1) remain alive
Example,A few were killed but most survived in
the earthquake,
2) continue to live or exist after
Examples,a) She survived the accident,
b) The plants may not survive the frost,
? 38,wipe out,get rid of or destroy
? Examples,1) The bank agreed to wipe
out their debts,
2) Whole villages were wiped out in the
flood,
?
? Part 5 Content Questions
? Ss answer the following questions,
? ---- What does, it” in the first line of Para,4
refer to? (hint,the key chain held by Colo)
? ---- What does, the problem” in the first line
of Para,10 refer to? (hint,the keepers
couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.)
? ---- What does, this whole trick” in the first
line of Para,12 refer to? (hint,Melati
deceived her
? keeper into giving her two oranges instead of
one from her keeper by pretending.)
? Part 6 Translation
? When I was young I developed a keen interest
in animals,So I often visited the zoo in my
home town,There what attracted me most was
a couple of tigers,especially the male,They
were kept in a huge iron cage at first,but later
was released from it and put in a place called
Tiger Hill,The hill was separated from the
visitors by a very wide and deep ditch,What's
more,it was also surrounded by a high iron
fence along the ditch,
? Twenty years later,I revisited the zoo and was
relieved to find the Tiger Hill was still there but
greatly extended,Moving around now were six
tigers,old and young,instead of two!
