Eukarya,
Eukaryotic Microorganisms
? Algae,Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms
? Fungi,Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic
microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls
? Slime molds,nonphototrophic eukaryotic
microorganisms that lack cell walls and that
aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime
molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime
molds)
? Protozoa,unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms
that lack cell walls
Phylogenetic tree of Eukarya
based on 18S ribosomal RNA
sequence comparisons.
Cells of microsporidia and
diplomonads are phylogenetically
most ancient of known Eukarya
and contain a nucleus but lack
mitochondria
Eukaryotic Microorganisms
?Algae
?Fungi
?Slime Molds
?Protozoa
Algae
Most Algae are green in color
Color of Algae
Most algae are green in color,A few algae appear brown or red as
other pigments including carotenoids are present that mask green
Classification of Algae
?Chlorophyll
?Carbon Reserve Polymers
?Cell Wall Structure
?Type of Motility
绿藻
蜂窝藻
金藻
暗藻
甲藻
红藻
眼藻
Fungi,Molds,Yeasts and Mushrooms
? Habitats diverse,aquatic in fresh water or
marine,terrestrial in soil or on dead plant,a
few are human parasitic
? Have rigid cell walls (resemble plant cell walls
architecturally,not chemically) containing
chitin (some with mannans,galactosans,
chitosans instead of chitin)
? Fungal cell walls are 80-90% polysaccharide,
with proteins,lipids,polyphosphates and
inorganic ions making up the wall-cementing
matrix
Classification of Fungi
? Based on
? morphological properties
? sexual life cycles
子囊菌
担子菌
接合菌
卵菌
半知菌
多核的
Molds,filamentous fungi
? Hypha (hyphae),a single filament
? Mycelium,hyphae grow together formed tufts
? Conidia,asexual spores,pigmented,resistant to drying
Yeasts,unicellular fungi (ascomycetes)
? Division,budding
? Do not form filaments
? Some form filaments
? Some can mate.
Mushroom,filamentous fungi that typically form
large structures called fruiting bodies
Basidiospore
released from
basidia
Slime molds,phenotypically similar to
both fungi and protozoa
Acellular slime molds growing on
a decaying log
Acellular slime molds growing on
an agar surface
Cellular slime molds,vegetative forms composed of single amebalike
cells,Acellular slime molds,vegetative forms composed of indefinite
size and shape
Dictyostelium
discoideum in
various life stages
Protozoa
? Colorless
? Motile
? distinguished from prokaryotes by their greater size and
eukaryotic nature
? distinguished from algae by their greater lack of
chlorophyll
? distinguished from yeasts and other fungi by their
mobility and lack of cell wall
? distinguished from slime molds by their lack of fruiting
body formation
? Many of them are parasitic in other animals and human
鞭毛纲
肉足纲
纤毛纲
孢子虫纲
眼虫纲
錐虫
贾第虫
刹什虫
眼虫
内阿米巴
小袋虫
草履虫
疟原虫
弓形虫
Amoeba
Ciliate （ Paramecium）
Flagellate （ Dunaliella）
Sporozoan (Plasmodium vivax)
Mastigophora,the flagellates
? Motile by the action of flagella
? Many are free-living,some are parasitic,or
pathogenic for animals,including human
? They are rather small,about 20 microns in length
? Trypanosoma gambiense is the species that cause
the fatal and chronic African Sleeping Sickness
The most important pathogenic
Mastigophora are the trypanosomes,
which causes African Sleeping
Sickness,It lives and grows in human
bloodstream,and transmitted from host
to host by the tsetse fly,Glossina sp.,a
bloodsucking fly found over in certain
parts o Africa.
Sarcodina,The Amebas
? Naked in the vegetative
phase,the foraminefera (带
孔虫） secretes a shell
during vegetative growth
? Many amoebas are parasites
of human and other
vertebrates
? In some cases,they produce
ulceration of the intestinal
? tract,which results in a
diarrheal conditions called
amebiasis
Ciliophora,the ciliates
? Possess cilia in some stage of their lief cycle
? Have two kinds of nuclei,micronucleus for inheritance and sexual
reproduction,macronucleus for production of mRNA for various
Aspects of cell growth and
function
The best known ciliate genus is
Paramecium
Many ciliates obtain food by
ingesting particular materials
through a distinct oral region
or mouth
Many Paramecium species
contain endosymbioic bacteria
that synthesize vitamins or
other growth factors.
Sporozoa (孢子虫）
? Obligate parasites
? Lack of motile adult stages
? Absorb food in soluble form through outer wall
? Produce sporozoites for transmission to new host
? Most important,coccidia,parasites of birds and plasmodia (malaria
parasites)
Balantidium coli,a ciliated
protozoan that causes a
dysentry-like disease in human,
The dark blue stained structure
is the macronucleus
Eukaryotic Microorganisms
? Algae,Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms
? Fungi,Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic
microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls
? Slime molds,nonphototrophic eukaryotic
microorganisms that lack cell walls and that
aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime
molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime
molds)
? Protozoa,unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms
that lack cell walls
Phylogenetic tree of Eukarya
based on 18S ribosomal RNA
sequence comparisons.
Cells of microsporidia and
diplomonads are phylogenetically
most ancient of known Eukarya
and contain a nucleus but lack
mitochondria
Eukaryotic Microorganisms
?Algae
?Fungi
?Slime Molds
?Protozoa
Algae
Most Algae are green in color
Color of Algae
Most algae are green in color,A few algae appear brown or red as
other pigments including carotenoids are present that mask green
Classification of Algae
?Chlorophyll
?Carbon Reserve Polymers
?Cell Wall Structure
?Type of Motility
绿藻
蜂窝藻
金藻
暗藻
甲藻
红藻
眼藻
Fungi,Molds,Yeasts and Mushrooms
? Habitats diverse,aquatic in fresh water or
marine,terrestrial in soil or on dead plant,a
few are human parasitic
? Have rigid cell walls (resemble plant cell walls
architecturally,not chemically) containing
chitin (some with mannans,galactosans,
chitosans instead of chitin)
? Fungal cell walls are 80-90% polysaccharide,
with proteins,lipids,polyphosphates and
inorganic ions making up the wall-cementing
matrix
Classification of Fungi
? Based on
? morphological properties
? sexual life cycles
子囊菌
担子菌
接合菌
卵菌
半知菌
多核的
Molds,filamentous fungi
? Hypha (hyphae),a single filament
? Mycelium,hyphae grow together formed tufts
? Conidia,asexual spores,pigmented,resistant to drying
Yeasts,unicellular fungi (ascomycetes)
? Division,budding
? Do not form filaments
? Some form filaments
? Some can mate.
Mushroom,filamentous fungi that typically form
large structures called fruiting bodies
Basidiospore
released from
basidia
Slime molds,phenotypically similar to
both fungi and protozoa
Acellular slime molds growing on
a decaying log
Acellular slime molds growing on
an agar surface
Cellular slime molds,vegetative forms composed of single amebalike
cells,Acellular slime molds,vegetative forms composed of indefinite
size and shape
Dictyostelium
discoideum in
various life stages
Protozoa
? Colorless
? Motile
? distinguished from prokaryotes by their greater size and
eukaryotic nature
? distinguished from algae by their greater lack of
chlorophyll
? distinguished from yeasts and other fungi by their
mobility and lack of cell wall
? distinguished from slime molds by their lack of fruiting
body formation
? Many of them are parasitic in other animals and human
鞭毛纲
肉足纲
纤毛纲
孢子虫纲
眼虫纲
錐虫
贾第虫
刹什虫
眼虫
内阿米巴
小袋虫
草履虫
疟原虫
弓形虫
Amoeba
Ciliate （ Paramecium）
Flagellate （ Dunaliella）
Sporozoan (Plasmodium vivax)
Mastigophora,the flagellates
? Motile by the action of flagella
? Many are free-living,some are parasitic,or
pathogenic for animals,including human
? They are rather small,about 20 microns in length
? Trypanosoma gambiense is the species that cause
the fatal and chronic African Sleeping Sickness
The most important pathogenic
Mastigophora are the trypanosomes,
which causes African Sleeping
Sickness,It lives and grows in human
bloodstream,and transmitted from host
to host by the tsetse fly,Glossina sp.,a
bloodsucking fly found over in certain
parts o Africa.
Sarcodina,The Amebas
? Naked in the vegetative
phase,the foraminefera (带
孔虫） secretes a shell
during vegetative growth
? Many amoebas are parasites
of human and other
vertebrates
? In some cases,they produce
ulceration of the intestinal
? tract,which results in a
diarrheal conditions called
amebiasis
Ciliophora,the ciliates
? Possess cilia in some stage of their lief cycle
? Have two kinds of nuclei,micronucleus for inheritance and sexual
reproduction,macronucleus for production of mRNA for various
Aspects of cell growth and
function
The best known ciliate genus is
Paramecium
Many ciliates obtain food by
ingesting particular materials
through a distinct oral region
or mouth
Many Paramecium species
contain endosymbioic bacteria
that synthesize vitamins or
other growth factors.
Sporozoa (孢子虫）
? Obligate parasites
? Lack of motile adult stages
? Absorb food in soluble form through outer wall
? Produce sporozoites for transmission to new host
? Most important,coccidia,parasites of birds and plasmodia (malaria
parasites)
Balantidium coli,a ciliated
protozoan that causes a
dysentry-like disease in human,
The dark blue stained structure
is the macronucleus
