Chapter 10
? Depreciation,
Cost Recovery,
Depletion and
Amortization
Learning Objectives
? Classify property and calculate
depreciation under the pre-ACRS rules
? Classify property and calculate cost
recovery under the ACRS rules
? Classify property and calculate cost
recovery under the MACRS rules
Learning Objectives
? Calculate amortization for intangible assets
and understand the difference between
amortizable and non-amortizable assets
? Apply cost and percentage methods and
understand the treatment of intangible
drilling costs
Introduction
? Allows taxpayers to deduct a
reasonable allowance for the
exhaustion,wear and tear,and
obsolescence,
? Taxpayers must use specific
depreciation methods depending on
when an asset is placed into service,
Depreciation and Cost
Recovery
? Property placed into service prior to
1981
? Property placed into after December
30,1980 and before January 1,1987
? Property placed into service after
December 31,1986
Common Rules of All Systems
? No depreciation may be claimed on
land or other assets that have an
indefinite life (works of art),
? Depreciation is permitted in the year
the asset is placed into service
? Consistency is required,no matter
which system is used
Types of Property
? Tangible Property
? Intangible Property
? Real Property
? Personal Property vs,Personal-Use
Property
Depreciation Methods
1986 and later years
? MACRS
– Personal property
? Use 3,5,7,10,15,20 year useful life
? 200% declining balance with a conversion to straight-
line
? Half-year convention(no matter when asset is placed
into service,the first year can only take a half years
depreciation)
? Mid-Quarter convention is used when the aggregate
basis of all personal property placed into service
during the last three months of the year exceed 40%
? No salvage value
Depreciation Methods
? Real Property
– Residential rental property,27.5 years
– Nonresidential rental property,39 years
– Depreciation is calculated using the
straight-line method
– Mid-month convention –year of
acquisition and year of disposition
– Straight-line or Alternate Depreciation
System(ADS)
Section 179 Expensing Election
? May elect to
expense up to
$24,000 in 2001
Placed into service
during the year
? Not applicable to
real estate,only
applicable
personal property,
Section 179 Expense
T ax y ear
Begi nning In
Max i mum Sec,
179 Ex pense
1997 $18,000
1998 $18,500
1999 $19,000
2000 $20,000
2001 & 2002 $24,000
2003 and after $25,000
MACRS Restrictions
? Portion of asset
used for personal
use is not
depreciable
? Listed property rules
? Recapture of excess
cost-recovery
? Luxury automobile
limitation (see
textbook for limits)
Amortization
Intangible Assets
? Definition of Section 197 – Goodwill and
going concern value,covenants not to
compete,franchise fees,trademarks,and
trade names etc,
? Classification and disposition of intangibles
– A Sec,197 asset is treated as depreciable
property so that Sec,1231 treatment is accorded,
? Research and experimental expenditures
– Include experimental and laboratory costs
incidental to the development of a product,
Depletion and Intangible Drilling
and Development Costs
? Treatment of
intangible drilling and
development costs
(IDCs)
– Capitalized or
deducted currently
– Decision to
expense or
capitalize depends
on taxpayer’s
current position
(profit or loss)
Depletion and Intangible Drilling
and Development Costs
? Depletion methods
– Cost depletion method
is calculated by dividing
the adjusted basis of
natural resource by
expected quantity to be
extracted
– Percentage depletion
method is calculated by
multiplying the statutory
depletion percentage
times the gross income
generated
Tax Planning
Considerations
? Alternative
depreciation under
MACRS
? IDCs,
CAPITALIZATION
VS,EXPENSING
? Structuring a
business
combination
Compliance And Procedural
Considerations
? IDCs Election
? Form 4562 is
used to report
depreciation,
depletion,and
amortization
deductions,