Advanced English
Luhong
English Department R-516
Lhong9904@yahoo.com
82066873
Unit 8
?The Worker as Creator or Machine
By Erich Fromm
Teaching Points
? I,Background knowledge
? II,Introduction to the passage
? III,Text Analysis
? IV,Rhetorical devices
? V,Questions
I,Background Knowledge
? About the Author
? Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980)
? in Frankfurt,Germany
? His father was a business man and his
mother was frequently depressed.
? His childhood wasn't very happy.
I,Background Knowledge
1,Background Knowledge
? In his autobiography,Beyond the Chains of
Illusion,Fromm talks about two events in
his early adolescence that started him along
his path,
1,Background Knowledge
? Maybe she was 25 years of age; she was
beautiful,attractive,and in addition a
painter,the first painter I ever knew,I
remember having heard that she had been
engaged but after some time had broken the
engagement; I remember that she was
almost invariably in the company of her
widowed father.
I,Background Knowledge
? As I remember him,he was an old,
uninteresting,and rather unattractive man,
or so I thought (maybe my judgment was
somewhat biased by jealousy),Then one
day I heard the shocking news,her father
had died,and immediately afterwards,she
had killed herself and left a will which
stipulated that she wanted to be buried with
her father,(p,4)
I,Background Knowledge
? As you can imagine,this news hit the 12
year old Erich hard,and he found himself
asking what many of us might ask,why?
Later,he began finding some answers --
partial ones,admittedly -- in Freud.
I,Background Knowledge
? The second event was even larger,
? World War I,At the tender age of 14,he
saw the extremes that nationalism could go
to,All around him,he heard the message,
We (Germans) are great; They (the English
and their allies) are cheap mercenaries,The
hatred,the "war hysteria," frightened him,
as well it should,
I,Background Knowledge
? So again he wanted to understand
something irrational -- the irrationality of
mass behavior -- and he found some
answers,this time in the writings of Karl
Marx,
I,Background Knowledge
? He received his PhD from Heidelberg in
1922 and began a career as a
psychotherapist,
? He moved to the U.S,in 1934 and settled in
New York City.
I,Background Knowledge
? Major works:
? Escape from Freedom (1941)
? Man for Himself (1947)
? The Sane Society (1955)
? The Art of Loving (1956)
? The Heart of Man (1964)
? The Revolution of Hope (1968)
II,Introduction to the Passage
? This piece is an excerpt from The Sane
Society published in 1955.
? What becomes the meaning of work in an
alienated society?
II,Introduction to the Passage
? The main theme:
? The worker is no longer a creator but has
become a machine.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 1,
? In the process of work,that is,the molding
and changing of nature outside of himself,
man molds and changes himself.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 2,
? Work,instead of being an activity satisfying
in itself and pleasurable,became a duty and
an obsession.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 4.
? The meaning of work divided into that of
duty and that of forced labour…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 6.
? His work can be defined as the performance
of acts which can not yet be performed by
machines.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 10.
? The ideal of complete laziness;…
unconscious hostility…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Types of writing:
? The text is a piece of expository writing
? Method of writing:
? Cause and effect analysis
II,Introduction to the Passage
? The value of the work is changing:
? --- in a pre-industrial society
? --- in modern society
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Psychoanalysis
? --- evaluating the psychological reaction of
the worker to the working conditions and
environment…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Positive view:
? --- In the process of work man molds and
changes himself,
? --- He emerges from nature by mastering
her.
? --- A profound satisfaction
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Negative views:
? --- Work becomes a duty and obsession
? --- work becomes a forced labor
? --- Work means getting money
? --- Hostility toward work
Words and expressions
? exploit
? vt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥,使用
? Exploitation n.
? Exploitive adj.
? Exploiter n.
? Exploitee n.
? Exploitable adj.
Words and expressions
? Prosecution act of prosecuting
? n.进行,经营,检举,起诉
? Prosecute vt.实行,从事,告发,起诉
? prosecutive
? adj.起诉的,检举的
? prosecutor
? n.检举人
Words and expressions
? Infuse inject or put into vt.灌输,注入,沏
或泡 (茶、药等 ),浸渍,鼓舞 vi.泡,注
? infuse new blood into
? infuse new life into
? infuse with v.灌输
? Infusion n.灌输
? Infusive adj.令人兴奋的,有影响力的
Words and expressions
? obsess[Eb5ses] trouble in mind
? vt.迷住,使困扰
? Obsession n.
? Obsessional
? Adj.摆脱不了的
? obsessive
? adj.强迫性的,分神的
Words and expressions
? Subdue [sQb5dju:] conquer
? v.征服
? subdued
? adj.屈服的,被抑制的,柔和的,减弱的
? Subduable adj.可征服 [抑制 ]的
? Subdual n.征服,缓和,抑制
Words and expressions
? Asceticism [E`setIsIzEm] n,way of life of
an ascetic 禁欲主义,苦行
? Ascetical adj.苦行的,禁止享受的
? Ascetically
? Ascetic [E5setik]
? n.禁欲者,苦行修道者 adj.修道的,苦行的
? Ascesis [E`si:sIs] n.苦行,禁欲
Words and expressions
? Succinct [sEk5siNkt]
? adj,clearly and briefly stated
? 简洁的,紧身的,压缩在小范围内的
? Succinctly adv.
? Succinctness n.
Words and expressions
? premium[5primjEm] bonus,prize
? n.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费,(货币兑
现的 )贴水
? Premium Bond n.政府有奖债券
? premium pay 加班费,假日工资,奖金
? premium quality 第一流的质量
? premium note 保险费付款通知书
Words and expressions
? Manipulation n,skillful operation
? 处理,操作,操纵,被操纵
? Manipulate v.
? Manipulative adj.
? Manipulator n.
? manipulation of accounts篡改帐目,做假帐
? manipulation of goods货物的搬运和操作
Words and expressions
? psyche[5psaiki(:)] human soul,the mind
? n.1.心智 2.灵魂；精神
? Psychic adj.
? psychic determinism [心理 ]精神决定论
? psychics[5saikiks] n.心理学,心灵学
? Psychiatry n.精神病学,精神病治疗法
? Psychiatrist n.精神病医师,精神病学家
Words and expressions
? Psycho n,心理学 adj.心理学的
? psycho- 表示“灵魂,精神”之义
? Psychoanalysis n.心理分析
psychodiagnosis 精神诊断,心理诊断
psycholinguistics n.语言心理学
? Psychology n.心理学,心理状态
? Psychologist n.心理学者
Words and expressions
? Spontaneity [7spCntE5ni:iti]
? n.自发性 the state of being spontaneous
? spontaneous
? adj.自发的,自然产生的
? Spontaneousness n.自然,任意
? spontaneous activity 自发性活动
? spontaneous change 自然变化
Words and expressions
? Craving n.渴望 intense desire
? Crave [kreiv]
? v.恳求,渴望
? crave for
? v.渴望
? Have a craving for scientific knowledge
Words and expressions
? fraudulence[5frC:djJlEns] deceit,cheating
? n.欺诈,欺骗性
? Fraudulency n.欺诈,骗诈
? Fraudulent adj.欺诈的,欺骗性的,骗得的
? fraud
? n.欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货
? fraudulent bankruptcy 假破产
Words and expressions
? intoxication[in7tCksi5keiFEn] excitement
? n.陶醉
? Intoxicate vt.使陶醉,醉人
? Intoxicated adj.
? Intoxicating adj.
? intoxicant
? n.使醉的东西
? adj.使醉的
Words and expressions
? Fleeting adj.飞逝的短暂的 passing swiftly
? Fleetingly adv.
? fleet
? n.舰队港湾,小河
? adj.快速的,敏捷的,浅的
? adv.浅
? vt.消磨
? vi.疾驰,飞逝,掠过
Words and expressions
? Fleet Street
? n,舰队街，英国伦敦新闻界
? fleetly
? adv.迅速地,快速地
? fleetness
? n.快速,无常
? fleetful
? n.船队数量多,大批
III,Text Analysis
? Organization of the text
? Step 1
? Step 2
? Step 3
V,Rhetorical Devices
? 1,metaphor
? 2,analogies
? 3,repetition
? 4,balanced structures
? 5,ellipsis
? 6,rhetorical questions
V,Special Difficulties
? 1,Some technical terms
? 2.Understanding the metaphorical phrase
3,The use of topic sentences
? 4.The use of present tense and universal
statements
? 5,Paraphrasing some sentences
? 6,Identifying figures of speech
V,Questions
? 1,Why is man defined as,the animal that
produces”?
? 2,How has the industrial worker’s role
changed? What is his relationship to the
machine?
? 3,Do you have any comments or criticisms
to make on some of the points or views put
forward by Fromm? Give your reasons.
Luhong
English Department R-516
Lhong9904@yahoo.com
82066873
Unit 8
?The Worker as Creator or Machine
By Erich Fromm
Teaching Points
? I,Background knowledge
? II,Introduction to the passage
? III,Text Analysis
? IV,Rhetorical devices
? V,Questions
I,Background Knowledge
? About the Author
? Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980)
? in Frankfurt,Germany
? His father was a business man and his
mother was frequently depressed.
? His childhood wasn't very happy.
I,Background Knowledge
1,Background Knowledge
? In his autobiography,Beyond the Chains of
Illusion,Fromm talks about two events in
his early adolescence that started him along
his path,
1,Background Knowledge
? Maybe she was 25 years of age; she was
beautiful,attractive,and in addition a
painter,the first painter I ever knew,I
remember having heard that she had been
engaged but after some time had broken the
engagement; I remember that she was
almost invariably in the company of her
widowed father.
I,Background Knowledge
? As I remember him,he was an old,
uninteresting,and rather unattractive man,
or so I thought (maybe my judgment was
somewhat biased by jealousy),Then one
day I heard the shocking news,her father
had died,and immediately afterwards,she
had killed herself and left a will which
stipulated that she wanted to be buried with
her father,(p,4)
I,Background Knowledge
? As you can imagine,this news hit the 12
year old Erich hard,and he found himself
asking what many of us might ask,why?
Later,he began finding some answers --
partial ones,admittedly -- in Freud.
I,Background Knowledge
? The second event was even larger,
? World War I,At the tender age of 14,he
saw the extremes that nationalism could go
to,All around him,he heard the message,
We (Germans) are great; They (the English
and their allies) are cheap mercenaries,The
hatred,the "war hysteria," frightened him,
as well it should,
I,Background Knowledge
? So again he wanted to understand
something irrational -- the irrationality of
mass behavior -- and he found some
answers,this time in the writings of Karl
Marx,
I,Background Knowledge
? He received his PhD from Heidelberg in
1922 and began a career as a
psychotherapist,
? He moved to the U.S,in 1934 and settled in
New York City.
I,Background Knowledge
? Major works:
? Escape from Freedom (1941)
? Man for Himself (1947)
? The Sane Society (1955)
? The Art of Loving (1956)
? The Heart of Man (1964)
? The Revolution of Hope (1968)
II,Introduction to the Passage
? This piece is an excerpt from The Sane
Society published in 1955.
? What becomes the meaning of work in an
alienated society?
II,Introduction to the Passage
? The main theme:
? The worker is no longer a creator but has
become a machine.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 1,
? In the process of work,that is,the molding
and changing of nature outside of himself,
man molds and changes himself.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 2,
? Work,instead of being an activity satisfying
in itself and pleasurable,became a duty and
an obsession.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 4.
? The meaning of work divided into that of
duty and that of forced labour…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 6.
? His work can be defined as the performance
of acts which can not yet be performed by
machines.
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Para 10.
? The ideal of complete laziness;…
unconscious hostility…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Types of writing:
? The text is a piece of expository writing
? Method of writing:
? Cause and effect analysis
II,Introduction to the Passage
? The value of the work is changing:
? --- in a pre-industrial society
? --- in modern society
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Psychoanalysis
? --- evaluating the psychological reaction of
the worker to the working conditions and
environment…
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Positive view:
? --- In the process of work man molds and
changes himself,
? --- He emerges from nature by mastering
her.
? --- A profound satisfaction
II,Introduction to the Passage
? Negative views:
? --- Work becomes a duty and obsession
? --- work becomes a forced labor
? --- Work means getting money
? --- Hostility toward work
Words and expressions
? exploit
? vt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥,使用
? Exploitation n.
? Exploitive adj.
? Exploiter n.
? Exploitee n.
? Exploitable adj.
Words and expressions
? Prosecution act of prosecuting
? n.进行,经营,检举,起诉
? Prosecute vt.实行,从事,告发,起诉
? prosecutive
? adj.起诉的,检举的
? prosecutor
? n.检举人
Words and expressions
? Infuse inject or put into vt.灌输,注入,沏
或泡 (茶、药等 ),浸渍,鼓舞 vi.泡,注
? infuse new blood into
? infuse new life into
? infuse with v.灌输
? Infusion n.灌输
? Infusive adj.令人兴奋的,有影响力的
Words and expressions
? obsess[Eb5ses] trouble in mind
? vt.迷住,使困扰
? Obsession n.
? Obsessional
? Adj.摆脱不了的
? obsessive
? adj.强迫性的,分神的
Words and expressions
? Subdue [sQb5dju:] conquer
? v.征服
? subdued
? adj.屈服的,被抑制的,柔和的,减弱的
? Subduable adj.可征服 [抑制 ]的
? Subdual n.征服,缓和,抑制
Words and expressions
? Asceticism [E`setIsIzEm] n,way of life of
an ascetic 禁欲主义,苦行
? Ascetical adj.苦行的,禁止享受的
? Ascetically
? Ascetic [E5setik]
? n.禁欲者,苦行修道者 adj.修道的,苦行的
? Ascesis [E`si:sIs] n.苦行,禁欲
Words and expressions
? Succinct [sEk5siNkt]
? adj,clearly and briefly stated
? 简洁的,紧身的,压缩在小范围内的
? Succinctly adv.
? Succinctness n.
Words and expressions
? premium[5primjEm] bonus,prize
? n.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费,(货币兑
现的 )贴水
? Premium Bond n.政府有奖债券
? premium pay 加班费,假日工资,奖金
? premium quality 第一流的质量
? premium note 保险费付款通知书
Words and expressions
? Manipulation n,skillful operation
? 处理,操作,操纵,被操纵
? Manipulate v.
? Manipulative adj.
? Manipulator n.
? manipulation of accounts篡改帐目,做假帐
? manipulation of goods货物的搬运和操作
Words and expressions
? psyche[5psaiki(:)] human soul,the mind
? n.1.心智 2.灵魂；精神
? Psychic adj.
? psychic determinism [心理 ]精神决定论
? psychics[5saikiks] n.心理学,心灵学
? Psychiatry n.精神病学,精神病治疗法
? Psychiatrist n.精神病医师,精神病学家
Words and expressions
? Psycho n,心理学 adj.心理学的
? psycho- 表示“灵魂,精神”之义
? Psychoanalysis n.心理分析
psychodiagnosis 精神诊断,心理诊断
psycholinguistics n.语言心理学
? Psychology n.心理学,心理状态
? Psychologist n.心理学者
Words and expressions
? Spontaneity [7spCntE5ni:iti]
? n.自发性 the state of being spontaneous
? spontaneous
? adj.自发的,自然产生的
? Spontaneousness n.自然,任意
? spontaneous activity 自发性活动
? spontaneous change 自然变化
Words and expressions
? Craving n.渴望 intense desire
? Crave [kreiv]
? v.恳求,渴望
? crave for
? v.渴望
? Have a craving for scientific knowledge
Words and expressions
? fraudulence[5frC:djJlEns] deceit,cheating
? n.欺诈,欺骗性
? Fraudulency n.欺诈,骗诈
? Fraudulent adj.欺诈的,欺骗性的,骗得的
? fraud
? n.欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货
? fraudulent bankruptcy 假破产
Words and expressions
? intoxication[in7tCksi5keiFEn] excitement
? n.陶醉
? Intoxicate vt.使陶醉,醉人
? Intoxicated adj.
? Intoxicating adj.
? intoxicant
? n.使醉的东西
? adj.使醉的
Words and expressions
? Fleeting adj.飞逝的短暂的 passing swiftly
? Fleetingly adv.
? fleet
? n.舰队港湾,小河
? adj.快速的,敏捷的,浅的
? adv.浅
? vt.消磨
? vi.疾驰,飞逝,掠过
Words and expressions
? Fleet Street
? n,舰队街，英国伦敦新闻界
? fleetly
? adv.迅速地,快速地
? fleetness
? n.快速,无常
? fleetful
? n.船队数量多,大批
III,Text Analysis
? Organization of the text
? Step 1
? Step 2
? Step 3
V,Rhetorical Devices
? 1,metaphor
? 2,analogies
? 3,repetition
? 4,balanced structures
? 5,ellipsis
? 6,rhetorical questions
V,Special Difficulties
? 1,Some technical terms
? 2.Understanding the metaphorical phrase
3,The use of topic sentences
? 4.The use of present tense and universal
statements
? 5,Paraphrasing some sentences
? 6,Identifying figures of speech
V,Questions
? 1,Why is man defined as,the animal that
produces”?
? 2,How has the industrial worker’s role
changed? What is his relationship to the
machine?
? 3,Do you have any comments or criticisms
to make on some of the points or views put
forward by Fromm? Give your reasons.
