Unit 12 Transforming Mars
? P I Listening and Speaking Activities
? Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities
? Part III Extended Activities
Part I Listening and Speaking Activities
? Introduction of functions
? Listen and speak
? Try to speak more
? Make your own dialogue
? What are they for?
? If you want to learn more
Introduction of functions
? You may express your certainty like this,
? I’m quite sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m absolutely sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m fairly sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m sure/certain about…,
? I’ve no doubt about …,
? Yes,I’m one hundred percent sure,
? Yes,certainly/definitely/of course,
? Yes,without doubt,
? Yes,really!
? Yes,that’s obvious,
Introduction of functions
? You may express your uncertainty like this,
? Well,it’s possible I suppose,but I’m not really sure,
? Well,it might be,but I doubt it,
? Well,there’s always a chance,but I have my doubts,
? Sorry,I’m not sure,
? I can’t make up my mind whether to do …
? I can’t decide…,
? I’m not really/too sure about…,
? I’m in two minds about…,
? I can’t say for certain,
? I wouldn’t be too sure about …,
Listen and speak
1,What does Mike have doubts about?
Key,b
2,Why does Mike say space travels are a waste of money?
Key,a
3,Why are scientists looking for some other planets for
human beings to live on,according to Mr,Blake?
Key,c
4,How does Mr,Blake express his uncertainty about the
number of years before the resources on the earth are
used up?
Key,b
Turn to p,164,and let’s listen,
? Listen to the conversation and tick the correct
answer to each question,
? Notes,
? that sort of thing:,used at the end of a list of
similar things or details for showing that it is
not complete
? I don’t see the point,I don’t understand what
you mean.,
? look into the far future,look into means to try
to discover the facts about something,
Try to speak more
Make your own dialogue
1,You and your partner are discussing your
subjects of study,Make a dialogue using the
following cues,(Turn to page 166)
2,Look at the following cartoon,Who is the
person? What is he doing and where is he?
(Turn to page 167)
What are they for?
Key,1,b 2,f 3,c 4,e 5,d 6.a
If you want to learn more
Key,Sentences of Certainty,1,2,5,6,7
Sentences of Uncertainty,3,4,8
Part II Reading Comprehension and
Language Activities
? Pre-reading Tasks
? Notes
? Translation
? Comprehension work
? Language work (A,B,C)
Part II Reading Comprehension and
Language Activities
? Pre-reading Tasks
? What knowledge or information have you got about the
geographic formation,atmosphere,and temperatures of
Mars?
? What are the basic needs for man’s survival on an outer
space planet?
? Which planet is more likely to become man’s new
homestead on the future? (the Moon or Mars?)
? What feasts have been accomplished in man’s space
project? Do you think the project is worth all the money and
endeavour?
Turn to p,169,and listen to the text,
Ever since the beginning of history,people have dreamed
of interplanetary travel,For centuries,these dreams have
remained dreams,But within about 30 years from now,the first
people from Earth will have landed on Mars,And by the year
2170,people will have established cities and industries,You
see,scientists are now making plans to transform Mars so that
it will become possible for humans to live and work there,
Those dreams will finally come true,
Mars has always fascinated us,There are many stories and
films about,Men from Mars” attacking Earth,Unfortunately,
the unmanned spacecraft which we sent there in 1976 found
no signs of life on the Red Planet (so called because it is
covered in iron oxide),
In many ways,Mars is the planet which is most similar to
Earth,A Martian day lasts for about 24 1/2 hours (although a
year has 687 days),
Transforming Mars
It is about half the diameter of Earth,and although there is no
water,there is a lot of ice in the two polar ice-caps,Even though
the average temperature is –60 C,it would be possible for humans
to survive there,(Whereas Venus,for example,has a temperature
of 465C,which makes it completely uninhabitable.)
The plan which scientists are now developing involves a
process known as,transforming” Mars,i.e.,changing Mars so that
it becomes more like Earth,Ironically,this means using the
“greenhouse effect” (which we are trying to stop on Earth),The
suggested programme would have five main stages,
stage 1 (2015-2030)
The first expedition arrives on Mars,after a journey of about six
to nine months,The members construct subterranean buildings
and stay on Mars for about a year,They conduct experiments,look
for good sites for future landings,and also check for signs of life,
Transforming Mars
They need to wear spacesuits because 95% of the atmosphere
is carbon dioxide,But the low gravity (one-third of Earth’s ) means
they are able to move around easily,
Stage 2 (2030-2080)
More expeditions arrive,Huge solar mirrors are put in orbit
around Mars to heat the polar ice-caps,The ice-caps are sprayed
black,so that they do not reflect the heat away,Chemicals are
released into the air,As a result,the atmosphere becomes thicker
and retains more of the Sun’s heat,The,greenhouse effect” begins,
The ice-caps start to melt,releasing water vapour,The temperature
rises to-40C,
Stage 3 (2080-2115)
Next,special plants are introduced from Earth,These can
convert carbon dioxide into oxygen,The first clouds appear,and
the sky slowly turns from pink to blue,The temperature goes up to
–15,
Transforming Mars
Transforming Mars
Stage 4 (2115-2130)
The warming continues,melting more ice,Rivers and small
oceans are made,More people migrate from Earth and live in
towns,Forests of trees are planted,Mars is looking greener,
The temperature is 0C,
Stage 5 (2130-2170)
Mars is getting more like Earth,The amount of oxygen in the
air rises,and at last the air becomes breathable,The inhabitants
can go outside without spacesuits,The temperature reaches
10C and stays at that level,(Since Mars is 228 million km from
the Sun,it seems that it will never be as warm as Earth.) Cities,
farms and industries develop all over Mars,The transformation
is complete,
e.g,
1,The witch transform the woman into pig,
巫婆把那女人变成了猪。
2,The Greens have transformed/converted their
garage into a guest house,
格雷一家把他们的车库改成了客房。
3,A generator transforms mechanical energy into
electricity,
发电机将机械能变成电。
transform,vt,to completely change the
appearance,form,or character of sth or someone,
especially in a way that improves it transform
sb/sth (from sth) into sth –synonym convert
last for,[vi always + adv/prep] to continue for a
particular length of time last for/until/through etc
know as,know sb/sth as sth | know sb/sth for sth
[usually passive] to think that sb/sth is a particular type
of person or thing or has particular characteristics
e.g,
1,I knew him as a hard-working,modest,and honest
politician,
我认为他是个努力、谦逊、诚实的政治家。
2,The heavy weight boxer known as, The Greatest”,
一名被称为“大力士”的重量级拳击手。
know as,know sb/sth as sth [usually passive] to give
sb/sth a particular name or title
e.g,
1,The old barn we bought to convert into flats was
practically tumbling down,
那个旧谷仓我们买下想改建住房的,实际上已经快塌
了,
2,The priest converted many natives into Christianity,
这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。
convert,vt,to change sth into a different form of
thing,or to change sth so that it can be used for a
different purpose or in a different way convert (sth)
(from sth) (to/into sth)
convert,vt,to persuade someone to change to a
different religion （ convert (sb) (from sth) (to sth)
改造火星
有史以来，人类就梦想行星际旅行。这梦想延续了许多世纪却
未能实现。但从现在起的 30年后，第一批地球人将有望登上火星。
到了 2170年，人类将有望在火星上兴建了城市和工业。你瞧，科学
家们现在正在制定改造火星的计划，以便使人类可以在那里生活和
工作。这些梦想最终会成为现实的。
火星对我们一直很有吸引力。我们有许多关于“火星来客”袭
击地球的故事和电影。遗憾的是，我们于 1976年发射的无人驾驶飞
船在这个红色星球（这么称呼是因为它的表面覆盖了一层氧化铁）
上并未发现任何生命的痕迹。
从许多方面来看，火星是与地球最相似的行星。火星上的一天
有 24.5小时（尽管它一年有 687 天）。它的直径大约是地球的一半，
虽说那上面没有水，但两极的冰帽上有大量的冰雪。它的平均温度
虽然只有 -60oC，但人类在那儿生存还是可能的。（而其它行星，
比如金星上的温度是 465oC，人类则根本无法居住。）
改造火星
科学家们正制定的计划包括一个被称为, 仿地球改造, 火星的程
序, 也就是说, 将火星改造得更像地球 。 具有讽刺意义的是, 这意
味着要利用, 温室效应, （ 这正是地球上目前试图要阻止的 ） 。 这
个建议的方案包括五个阶段 。
第一阶段（ 2015-2030）
第一支探险队经历大约 6-9个月的行程后到达火星 。 这些队员建
造地下房屋, 在火星上呆大约一年 。 他们要搞实验, 寻找将来登陆
的理想地点, 并查找生命的痕迹 。 他们必须整天穿着宇航服, 因为
那里 95%的大气都是二氧化碳 。 但很弱的地球引力 （ 地球的三分之
一 ） 却能使他们轻易地移动 。
第二阶段 （ 2030-2080）
更多的探险者到达了 。 巨大的太阳镜置于火星周围的轨道上给极
地的冰帽加热 。 把冰帽喷成黑色以便能吸热 。 把化学物质放射到空
中 。 这样一来, 大气变厚并且能储存更多的太阳热能 。, 温室效应,
开始起作用了 。 冰帽开始融化, 释放出水蒸汽 。 气温升到 -40oC 。
改造火星
第三阶段（ 2080-2115）
然后，从地球上引进一些特殊植物。它们能将二氧化碳转化为
氧气。第一层云彩出现了，天空渐渐由粉红变成蓝色。气温升高到 -
15oC。
第四阶段（ 2115-2130）
升温在继续，更多的冰融化了。河流和小海洋形成了。更多的
人从地球上移居到火星上的城市里，并种植了大片的森林。火星显
得更绿了。气温是 0oC。
第五阶段（ 2130-2170）
火星变得越来越像地球。空气中的氧气含量在上升，最后变得
适合呼吸了。居民们外出时不用再穿宇航服。气温升到 10oC并持续
在这个温度上。（既然火星离太阳有两亿两千八百万公里，它似乎
不可能变得像地球那样暖和）。城市、农业和工业在火星上全面发
展。改造工程彻底完成。
Comprehension work
(Questions for discussion )
1,What have people dreamt of since the beginning of history?
How long will it take for the dream to come true? How
long will it take for people to live and work on Mars?
2,Why do scientists choose Mars as a possible place for
human habitation? What is the scientists’ plan mainly
about?
3,What are the major problems the scientists have to solve if
humans are going to survive on Mars?
4,What are the tasks for the first expedition to Mars?
Comprehension work
(Questions for discussion )
5,What is the purpose in the second stage? What actions
should be taken for this purpose?
6,Why should some special plants be introduced onto
Mars?
7,Why are the two polar ice-caps particularly important?
8,What results could be expected when the transformation
is complete?
Language work (A,p,171)
1,spacecraft landed interplanetary establish
similar migrate
2,fascinated expeditions signs diameter gravity
retain uninhabitable
3,conducting solar known as reflect convert
Language work (B,p.172)
1,With very little water,some animals could still manage to
survive in African deserts,
2,Since the 19th century,expeditions from different
countries have reached the Himalayan Mountains,
3,Without water,people cannot convert deserts into arable
land,
4,The government is now conducting a national survey into
the country’s mineral resources,
Language work (B,p.172)
5,When war broke out in the region,a lot of people
migrated to neighboring countries,
6,Some American Indians have retained their traditional
customs and rites,
7,The video game,Invaders from Mars” fascinates a lot of
children,
8,The Chinese people’s dream of taking back Hong Kong
has now come true,
Language work (C,p.173)
1,a,Ancient Chinese novels such as Red Chamber
Dreams always fascinate me,
b,The Disney cartoons fascinated the pupil so much that
he forgot to do his homework,
c,I was fascinated to see the amazing size of the ancient
Roman architecture,
Language work (C,p.173)
2,a,In writing,I think,German grammar is very similar to
English grammar,
b,My opinion is similar to yours,
c,I’m not going to elaborate on my position because it is
similar to that of the previous speaker,
Language work (C,p.173)
3,a,It is very difficult for a person to survive in a foreign
country if he does not know the language,
b,It’s incredible that all the passengers survived the
terrible plane crash,
c,How would you survive if you were left stranded on a
tropical island after a shipwreck?
Language work (C,p.173)
4,a,In order to protect the environment,scientists are
conducting experiments to substitute solar energy for
fossil fuels,
b,Some countries are still conducting nuclear tests
despite the serious criticism from the international
community,
c,Many teachers are very skillful in conducting
classroom activities,
Language work (C,p.173)
5,a,It is said that Buddhism was first introduced into China
from India in the Han Dynasty,
b,Since the new approach of communicative teaching
was introduced into our language classroom,our
students’ spoken English has improved a lot,
c,The company decided to introduce the latest
technology to its manufacturing section,
Language work (C,p.173)
6,a,With some alterations,we converted the hotel into an
apartment building,
b,The extra food will be converted into fat stored in our
bodies,
c,Physics teachers say that light can be converted into
power in light cells,
Part III Extended Activities
Dictation
Read more
Grammar work
Word formation
Vocabulary work
Translation
Dictation
? Script of the Dictation
The computer performs simple and fast calculations under the
control of a set of instructions called a program,The programs
are usually stored within,and processed by,the computer,
The calculation results which are sent to output devices,such
as monitors or printers,are mechanically precise,Because of
its extraordinary speed and accuracy,the computer finds
application in a wide range of activities in business,industry,
and scientific research,Besides,computers can also provide
entertainment,creating sound on stereo systems or cartoons
from a VCD,Computer programs can as well aid every level
of education by teaching everything from simple addition or
sentence construction to advanced courses,
Read more
? True/False/Not Mentioned
Answers,1,F 2,T 3,F 4,F 5,T 6,T 7,NM 8,NM
? Topics for discussion
1,Have the students discuss the questions in small groups
and find out the answers to the three questions,
2,Have a few students report to the class,
3,Comment on the students’ discussion and their answers,
Grammar work
1,Original,What do you think will have happened by the end of
the 21st century?
Scientists have discovered a cure for cancer,Or,oil and coal
have been used up and new forms of energy have been
discovered,
Correct,What do you think will have happened by the end of
21st century?
Scientists will have discovered a cure for cancer,Or,Oil and
coal will have been used up and new forms of energy will
have been discovered,
2,Original,You may be in love with him now,but after a couple
of weeks,he will have forgotten all about you,
Correct,You may be in love with him now,but in a couple of
weeks,he will have forgotten all about you,
Grammar work
3,Original,By the time we get to New York we will drive over
two hundred miles,
Correct,By the time we get to New York,we will have driven
over two hundred miles,
4,Original,The seasons are predictable,For example,when
spring is going to come,the weather gets warmer,This
happens every year,
Correct,The seasons are predictable,For example,when
spring comes,the weather will get warmer,This happens
every year,
5,Original,It has to rain because it’s very dark outside now,
Correct,It is going to rain because it’s very dark outside now,
6,Original,The museum will open at ten every morning,
Correct,The museum opens at ten every morning,
Grammar work
7,Original,According to the schedule,the mayor is going to deliver
a speech on TV tomorrow evening,
Correct,According to the schedule,the mayor is to deliver a
speech on TV tomorrow evening,
8,Original,He met her in the doorway just as she would go away,
Correct,He met her in the doorway as she was about to go away,
9,Original,If you swim this afternoon,you’d better get your
swimming suit ready now,
Correct,If you are going to swim this afternoon,you’d better get
your swimming suit ready now,
10.Original,Do you use the dictionary in the next lesson? I’d like to
look up some words now,
Correct,Will you be using the dictionary in the next lesson? I’d
like to look up some words now,
Word formation
? Answer
1,co-operating
2,inter-school
3,subtitle
4,transformed
5,submarine
6,subway
7,interplanetary
8,transplanting
9,co-author
Vocabulary work
? Answers
1,b 2,c 3,a 4,b 5,c
6,c 7,a 8,c 9,c
Translation
1,A new bridge having been built,and crossing the river by
ferry has become a thing of the past,
2,Once you pick up a bad habit,it is difficult to get rid of it,
3,Doctors are still trying out this new medicine to see if it is
effective,
4,All the new products of this company were on show at the
exhibition,
5,The color of brass is similar to that of gold,
6,Oxford Street is known as one of the busiest commercial
streets in London,
7,The old building which survived the earthquake was retained
in the newly-built district,
8,Children are often fascinated by the toys displayed in shop
windows,
? P I Listening and Speaking Activities
? Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities
? Part III Extended Activities
Part I Listening and Speaking Activities
? Introduction of functions
? Listen and speak
? Try to speak more
? Make your own dialogue
? What are they for?
? If you want to learn more
Introduction of functions
? You may express your certainty like this,
? I’m quite sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m absolutely sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m fairly sure/certain (that)…,
? I’m sure/certain about…,
? I’ve no doubt about …,
? Yes,I’m one hundred percent sure,
? Yes,certainly/definitely/of course,
? Yes,without doubt,
? Yes,really!
? Yes,that’s obvious,
Introduction of functions
? You may express your uncertainty like this,
? Well,it’s possible I suppose,but I’m not really sure,
? Well,it might be,but I doubt it,
? Well,there’s always a chance,but I have my doubts,
? Sorry,I’m not sure,
? I can’t make up my mind whether to do …
? I can’t decide…,
? I’m not really/too sure about…,
? I’m in two minds about…,
? I can’t say for certain,
? I wouldn’t be too sure about …,
Listen and speak
1,What does Mike have doubts about?
Key,b
2,Why does Mike say space travels are a waste of money?
Key,a
3,Why are scientists looking for some other planets for
human beings to live on,according to Mr,Blake?
Key,c
4,How does Mr,Blake express his uncertainty about the
number of years before the resources on the earth are
used up?
Key,b
Turn to p,164,and let’s listen,
? Listen to the conversation and tick the correct
answer to each question,
? Notes,
? that sort of thing:,used at the end of a list of
similar things or details for showing that it is
not complete
? I don’t see the point,I don’t understand what
you mean.,
? look into the far future,look into means to try
to discover the facts about something,
Try to speak more
Make your own dialogue
1,You and your partner are discussing your
subjects of study,Make a dialogue using the
following cues,(Turn to page 166)
2,Look at the following cartoon,Who is the
person? What is he doing and where is he?
(Turn to page 167)
What are they for?
Key,1,b 2,f 3,c 4,e 5,d 6.a
If you want to learn more
Key,Sentences of Certainty,1,2,5,6,7
Sentences of Uncertainty,3,4,8
Part II Reading Comprehension and
Language Activities
? Pre-reading Tasks
? Notes
? Translation
? Comprehension work
? Language work (A,B,C)
Part II Reading Comprehension and
Language Activities
? Pre-reading Tasks
? What knowledge or information have you got about the
geographic formation,atmosphere,and temperatures of
Mars?
? What are the basic needs for man’s survival on an outer
space planet?
? Which planet is more likely to become man’s new
homestead on the future? (the Moon or Mars?)
? What feasts have been accomplished in man’s space
project? Do you think the project is worth all the money and
endeavour?
Turn to p,169,and listen to the text,
Ever since the beginning of history,people have dreamed
of interplanetary travel,For centuries,these dreams have
remained dreams,But within about 30 years from now,the first
people from Earth will have landed on Mars,And by the year
2170,people will have established cities and industries,You
see,scientists are now making plans to transform Mars so that
it will become possible for humans to live and work there,
Those dreams will finally come true,
Mars has always fascinated us,There are many stories and
films about,Men from Mars” attacking Earth,Unfortunately,
the unmanned spacecraft which we sent there in 1976 found
no signs of life on the Red Planet (so called because it is
covered in iron oxide),
In many ways,Mars is the planet which is most similar to
Earth,A Martian day lasts for about 24 1/2 hours (although a
year has 687 days),
Transforming Mars
It is about half the diameter of Earth,and although there is no
water,there is a lot of ice in the two polar ice-caps,Even though
the average temperature is –60 C,it would be possible for humans
to survive there,(Whereas Venus,for example,has a temperature
of 465C,which makes it completely uninhabitable.)
The plan which scientists are now developing involves a
process known as,transforming” Mars,i.e.,changing Mars so that
it becomes more like Earth,Ironically,this means using the
“greenhouse effect” (which we are trying to stop on Earth),The
suggested programme would have five main stages,
stage 1 (2015-2030)
The first expedition arrives on Mars,after a journey of about six
to nine months,The members construct subterranean buildings
and stay on Mars for about a year,They conduct experiments,look
for good sites for future landings,and also check for signs of life,
Transforming Mars
They need to wear spacesuits because 95% of the atmosphere
is carbon dioxide,But the low gravity (one-third of Earth’s ) means
they are able to move around easily,
Stage 2 (2030-2080)
More expeditions arrive,Huge solar mirrors are put in orbit
around Mars to heat the polar ice-caps,The ice-caps are sprayed
black,so that they do not reflect the heat away,Chemicals are
released into the air,As a result,the atmosphere becomes thicker
and retains more of the Sun’s heat,The,greenhouse effect” begins,
The ice-caps start to melt,releasing water vapour,The temperature
rises to-40C,
Stage 3 (2080-2115)
Next,special plants are introduced from Earth,These can
convert carbon dioxide into oxygen,The first clouds appear,and
the sky slowly turns from pink to blue,The temperature goes up to
–15,
Transforming Mars
Transforming Mars
Stage 4 (2115-2130)
The warming continues,melting more ice,Rivers and small
oceans are made,More people migrate from Earth and live in
towns,Forests of trees are planted,Mars is looking greener,
The temperature is 0C,
Stage 5 (2130-2170)
Mars is getting more like Earth,The amount of oxygen in the
air rises,and at last the air becomes breathable,The inhabitants
can go outside without spacesuits,The temperature reaches
10C and stays at that level,(Since Mars is 228 million km from
the Sun,it seems that it will never be as warm as Earth.) Cities,
farms and industries develop all over Mars,The transformation
is complete,
e.g,
1,The witch transform the woman into pig,
巫婆把那女人变成了猪。
2,The Greens have transformed/converted their
garage into a guest house,
格雷一家把他们的车库改成了客房。
3,A generator transforms mechanical energy into
electricity,
发电机将机械能变成电。
transform,vt,to completely change the
appearance,form,or character of sth or someone,
especially in a way that improves it transform
sb/sth (from sth) into sth –synonym convert
last for,[vi always + adv/prep] to continue for a
particular length of time last for/until/through etc
know as,know sb/sth as sth | know sb/sth for sth
[usually passive] to think that sb/sth is a particular type
of person or thing or has particular characteristics
e.g,
1,I knew him as a hard-working,modest,and honest
politician,
我认为他是个努力、谦逊、诚实的政治家。
2,The heavy weight boxer known as, The Greatest”,
一名被称为“大力士”的重量级拳击手。
know as,know sb/sth as sth [usually passive] to give
sb/sth a particular name or title
e.g,
1,The old barn we bought to convert into flats was
practically tumbling down,
那个旧谷仓我们买下想改建住房的,实际上已经快塌
了,
2,The priest converted many natives into Christianity,
这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。
convert,vt,to change sth into a different form of
thing,or to change sth so that it can be used for a
different purpose or in a different way convert (sth)
(from sth) (to/into sth)
convert,vt,to persuade someone to change to a
different religion （ convert (sb) (from sth) (to sth)
改造火星
有史以来，人类就梦想行星际旅行。这梦想延续了许多世纪却
未能实现。但从现在起的 30年后，第一批地球人将有望登上火星。
到了 2170年，人类将有望在火星上兴建了城市和工业。你瞧，科学
家们现在正在制定改造火星的计划，以便使人类可以在那里生活和
工作。这些梦想最终会成为现实的。
火星对我们一直很有吸引力。我们有许多关于“火星来客”袭
击地球的故事和电影。遗憾的是，我们于 1976年发射的无人驾驶飞
船在这个红色星球（这么称呼是因为它的表面覆盖了一层氧化铁）
上并未发现任何生命的痕迹。
从许多方面来看，火星是与地球最相似的行星。火星上的一天
有 24.5小时（尽管它一年有 687 天）。它的直径大约是地球的一半，
虽说那上面没有水，但两极的冰帽上有大量的冰雪。它的平均温度
虽然只有 -60oC，但人类在那儿生存还是可能的。（而其它行星，
比如金星上的温度是 465oC，人类则根本无法居住。）
改造火星
科学家们正制定的计划包括一个被称为, 仿地球改造, 火星的程
序, 也就是说, 将火星改造得更像地球 。 具有讽刺意义的是, 这意
味着要利用, 温室效应, （ 这正是地球上目前试图要阻止的 ） 。 这
个建议的方案包括五个阶段 。
第一阶段（ 2015-2030）
第一支探险队经历大约 6-9个月的行程后到达火星 。 这些队员建
造地下房屋, 在火星上呆大约一年 。 他们要搞实验, 寻找将来登陆
的理想地点, 并查找生命的痕迹 。 他们必须整天穿着宇航服, 因为
那里 95%的大气都是二氧化碳 。 但很弱的地球引力 （ 地球的三分之
一 ） 却能使他们轻易地移动 。
第二阶段 （ 2030-2080）
更多的探险者到达了 。 巨大的太阳镜置于火星周围的轨道上给极
地的冰帽加热 。 把冰帽喷成黑色以便能吸热 。 把化学物质放射到空
中 。 这样一来, 大气变厚并且能储存更多的太阳热能 。, 温室效应,
开始起作用了 。 冰帽开始融化, 释放出水蒸汽 。 气温升到 -40oC 。
改造火星
第三阶段（ 2080-2115）
然后，从地球上引进一些特殊植物。它们能将二氧化碳转化为
氧气。第一层云彩出现了，天空渐渐由粉红变成蓝色。气温升高到 -
15oC。
第四阶段（ 2115-2130）
升温在继续，更多的冰融化了。河流和小海洋形成了。更多的
人从地球上移居到火星上的城市里，并种植了大片的森林。火星显
得更绿了。气温是 0oC。
第五阶段（ 2130-2170）
火星变得越来越像地球。空气中的氧气含量在上升，最后变得
适合呼吸了。居民们外出时不用再穿宇航服。气温升到 10oC并持续
在这个温度上。（既然火星离太阳有两亿两千八百万公里，它似乎
不可能变得像地球那样暖和）。城市、农业和工业在火星上全面发
展。改造工程彻底完成。
Comprehension work
(Questions for discussion )
1,What have people dreamt of since the beginning of history?
How long will it take for the dream to come true? How
long will it take for people to live and work on Mars?
2,Why do scientists choose Mars as a possible place for
human habitation? What is the scientists’ plan mainly
about?
3,What are the major problems the scientists have to solve if
humans are going to survive on Mars?
4,What are the tasks for the first expedition to Mars?
Comprehension work
(Questions for discussion )
5,What is the purpose in the second stage? What actions
should be taken for this purpose?
6,Why should some special plants be introduced onto
Mars?
7,Why are the two polar ice-caps particularly important?
8,What results could be expected when the transformation
is complete?
Language work (A,p,171)
1,spacecraft landed interplanetary establish
similar migrate
2,fascinated expeditions signs diameter gravity
retain uninhabitable
3,conducting solar known as reflect convert
Language work (B,p.172)
1,With very little water,some animals could still manage to
survive in African deserts,
2,Since the 19th century,expeditions from different
countries have reached the Himalayan Mountains,
3,Without water,people cannot convert deserts into arable
land,
4,The government is now conducting a national survey into
the country’s mineral resources,
Language work (B,p.172)
5,When war broke out in the region,a lot of people
migrated to neighboring countries,
6,Some American Indians have retained their traditional
customs and rites,
7,The video game,Invaders from Mars” fascinates a lot of
children,
8,The Chinese people’s dream of taking back Hong Kong
has now come true,
Language work (C,p.173)
1,a,Ancient Chinese novels such as Red Chamber
Dreams always fascinate me,
b,The Disney cartoons fascinated the pupil so much that
he forgot to do his homework,
c,I was fascinated to see the amazing size of the ancient
Roman architecture,
Language work (C,p.173)
2,a,In writing,I think,German grammar is very similar to
English grammar,
b,My opinion is similar to yours,
c,I’m not going to elaborate on my position because it is
similar to that of the previous speaker,
Language work (C,p.173)
3,a,It is very difficult for a person to survive in a foreign
country if he does not know the language,
b,It’s incredible that all the passengers survived the
terrible plane crash,
c,How would you survive if you were left stranded on a
tropical island after a shipwreck?
Language work (C,p.173)
4,a,In order to protect the environment,scientists are
conducting experiments to substitute solar energy for
fossil fuels,
b,Some countries are still conducting nuclear tests
despite the serious criticism from the international
community,
c,Many teachers are very skillful in conducting
classroom activities,
Language work (C,p.173)
5,a,It is said that Buddhism was first introduced into China
from India in the Han Dynasty,
b,Since the new approach of communicative teaching
was introduced into our language classroom,our
students’ spoken English has improved a lot,
c,The company decided to introduce the latest
technology to its manufacturing section,
Language work (C,p.173)
6,a,With some alterations,we converted the hotel into an
apartment building,
b,The extra food will be converted into fat stored in our
bodies,
c,Physics teachers say that light can be converted into
power in light cells,
Part III Extended Activities
Dictation
Read more
Grammar work
Word formation
Vocabulary work
Translation
Dictation
? Script of the Dictation
The computer performs simple and fast calculations under the
control of a set of instructions called a program,The programs
are usually stored within,and processed by,the computer,
The calculation results which are sent to output devices,such
as monitors or printers,are mechanically precise,Because of
its extraordinary speed and accuracy,the computer finds
application in a wide range of activities in business,industry,
and scientific research,Besides,computers can also provide
entertainment,creating sound on stereo systems or cartoons
from a VCD,Computer programs can as well aid every level
of education by teaching everything from simple addition or
sentence construction to advanced courses,
Read more
? True/False/Not Mentioned
Answers,1,F 2,T 3,F 4,F 5,T 6,T 7,NM 8,NM
? Topics for discussion
1,Have the students discuss the questions in small groups
and find out the answers to the three questions,
2,Have a few students report to the class,
3,Comment on the students’ discussion and their answers,
Grammar work
1,Original,What do you think will have happened by the end of
the 21st century?
Scientists have discovered a cure for cancer,Or,oil and coal
have been used up and new forms of energy have been
discovered,
Correct,What do you think will have happened by the end of
21st century?
Scientists will have discovered a cure for cancer,Or,Oil and
coal will have been used up and new forms of energy will
have been discovered,
2,Original,You may be in love with him now,but after a couple
of weeks,he will have forgotten all about you,
Correct,You may be in love with him now,but in a couple of
weeks,he will have forgotten all about you,
Grammar work
3,Original,By the time we get to New York we will drive over
two hundred miles,
Correct,By the time we get to New York,we will have driven
over two hundred miles,
4,Original,The seasons are predictable,For example,when
spring is going to come,the weather gets warmer,This
happens every year,
Correct,The seasons are predictable,For example,when
spring comes,the weather will get warmer,This happens
every year,
5,Original,It has to rain because it’s very dark outside now,
Correct,It is going to rain because it’s very dark outside now,
6,Original,The museum will open at ten every morning,
Correct,The museum opens at ten every morning,
Grammar work
7,Original,According to the schedule,the mayor is going to deliver
a speech on TV tomorrow evening,
Correct,According to the schedule,the mayor is to deliver a
speech on TV tomorrow evening,
8,Original,He met her in the doorway just as she would go away,
Correct,He met her in the doorway as she was about to go away,
9,Original,If you swim this afternoon,you’d better get your
swimming suit ready now,
Correct,If you are going to swim this afternoon,you’d better get
your swimming suit ready now,
10.Original,Do you use the dictionary in the next lesson? I’d like to
look up some words now,
Correct,Will you be using the dictionary in the next lesson? I’d
like to look up some words now,
Word formation
? Answer
1,co-operating
2,inter-school
3,subtitle
4,transformed
5,submarine
6,subway
7,interplanetary
8,transplanting
9,co-author
Vocabulary work
? Answers
1,b 2,c 3,a 4,b 5,c
6,c 7,a 8,c 9,c
Translation
1,A new bridge having been built,and crossing the river by
ferry has become a thing of the past,
2,Once you pick up a bad habit,it is difficult to get rid of it,
3,Doctors are still trying out this new medicine to see if it is
effective,
4,All the new products of this company were on show at the
exhibition,
5,The color of brass is similar to that of gold,
6,Oxford Street is known as one of the busiest commercial
streets in London,
7,The old building which survived the earthquake was retained
in the newly-built district,
8,Children are often fascinated by the toys displayed in shop
windows,
