REVIEW
TERMINOLOGY FOR DISPLACEMENT
a
a is the Rake Angle
Fault Scarp
TYPES OF FAULTS BASED ON DISPLACEMENT
Angle,< 30
Angle,> 30
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
Photo,Martin Miller,U,of Oregon
Precambrian in Upper
Plate
Paleozoic in Lower Plate
Rotational faults:
A - hinge fault; B - pivotal fault
Lecture 7
Fault movement sense and
Fault association
Normal Drag:
(A)Ductile Bending in a Strained Zone (B) Fault movement
causes flexure in the rocks adjacent to the fault
Fault drag and fault movement
thickening thickening thinning thinning
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the drag
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the tension joints
Determination
of the relative
movement from
the distribution
of the fault
breccia
Graben and Horst Structures
Splay faults (人字行、八字形、入字形断裂系） at
the termination of a main fault.
Main fault
Branching faults
Transference of displacement from thrust to strike-slip fault
Transfer faultTransfer fault
A - Ramps and flats
B – Hangingwall ramp and
footwall ramp
C – Piggyback thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
footwall
D – Overstep thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
Hangingwall
E – Structure of duplex:
imbricate thrust slices are
contained between a floor
thrust and a roof thrust
F - Pop-up structure
G – Triangle zone
Imbricate
Stack
Duplex with
imbrication
Geological
Cross-section
An interpreted
cross section
A – A section is
restored by putting
each layer back to its
original position,The
section balanced if all
the restored layers are
of equal length,
Reasons For not
balance,B – strongly
distorted; C,D – the
restored length of
layers 1,2 and 3 are
different because the
shortening and
thickening are
different in different
layer.
★ How to determine the sense of relative movement of a
fault?
★ What are the similarity and difference between a
graben and a horst?
★ Can you explain the mechanism of the transfer fault?
Problems for thinking
That’s all for today!
TERMINOLOGY FOR DISPLACEMENT
a
a is the Rake Angle
Fault Scarp
TYPES OF FAULTS BASED ON DISPLACEMENT
Angle,< 30
Angle,> 30
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
Photo,Martin Miller,U,of Oregon
Precambrian in Upper
Plate
Paleozoic in Lower Plate
Rotational faults:
A - hinge fault; B - pivotal fault
Lecture 7
Fault movement sense and
Fault association
Normal Drag:
(A)Ductile Bending in a Strained Zone (B) Fault movement
causes flexure in the rocks adjacent to the fault
Fault drag and fault movement
thickening thickening thinning thinning
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the drag
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the tension joints
Determination
of the relative
movement from
the distribution
of the fault
breccia
Graben and Horst Structures
Splay faults (人字行、八字形、入字形断裂系） at
the termination of a main fault.
Main fault
Branching faults
Transference of displacement from thrust to strike-slip fault
Transfer faultTransfer fault
A - Ramps and flats
B – Hangingwall ramp and
footwall ramp
C – Piggyback thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
footwall
D – Overstep thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
Hangingwall
E – Structure of duplex:
imbricate thrust slices are
contained between a floor
thrust and a roof thrust
F - Pop-up structure
G – Triangle zone
Imbricate
Stack
Duplex with
imbrication
Geological
Cross-section
An interpreted
cross section
A – A section is
restored by putting
each layer back to its
original position,The
section balanced if all
the restored layers are
of equal length,
Reasons For not
balance,B – strongly
distorted; C,D – the
restored length of
layers 1,2 and 3 are
different because the
shortening and
thickening are
different in different
layer.
★ How to determine the sense of relative movement of a
fault?
★ What are the similarity and difference between a
graben and a horst?
★ Can you explain the mechanism of the transfer fault?
Problems for thinking
That’s all for today!
