REVIEW
Fault drag and fault movement
thickening thickening thinning thinning
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the drag
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the tension joints
Determination
of the relative
movement from
the distribution
of the fault
breccia
Graben and Horst Structures
Transference of displacement from thrust to strike-slip fault
Transfer faultTransfer fault
LECTURE 8 THRUST FAULT
SYSTEM
Fault system, A set of faults of same
age generated in the same tectonic process.
A - Ramps and flats
B – Hangingwall ramp and
footwall ramp
C – Piggyback thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
footwall
D – Overstep thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
Hangingwall
E – Structure of duplex:
imbricate thrust slices are
contained between a floor
thrust and a roof thrust
F - Pop-up structure
G – Triangle zone
Imbricate
Stack
Duplex with
imbrication
Geological
Cross-section
An interpreted
cross section
FAULT – BEND FOLD
FAULT-PROPAGATION FOLD
‘duplex fault’
11
111
FAULT-BEND FOLD
FAULT-PROPAGATION
FOLDING
First & Second
Generation Structural
Plays
1) Single Thrust Sheet
2) Stacked & Imbricate
Thrust Sheets
Figure by A.C,Newson
Triangle-Zone at leading
edge of thrust belt
New Structural Play?
Local detachment of
shale from carbonate
beds
Figure by A.C,Newson
Fourth – Generation
Plays
Nappes – Fold-Thrust Fault Systems
Figure by A.C,Newson
3rd Generation Targets
Detachment Fold
Figure by A.C,Newson
图 3-2-1 研究区大地构造位置
图 2-2-4 横跨松潘 -甘孜造山带东缘（龙门山构造带、碧口地体）和秦岭造山带地壳结构断面图（深部资料参考汤中立等,1998）
YZMC 扬子中地壳 YZLC 扬子下地壳 QLMC 秦岭中地壳 QLLC 秦岭下地壳 YZB 扬子地块 SG 松潘 -甘孜造山带东缘 (LM 龙门山造山带 BK 碧口地体）
WQL 西秦岭造山带 QLS 祁连山造山带 BF 北川断裂 QMF 青川 -茂县断裂 MLF 玛沁 -略阳断裂 SDS 商丹缝合线 BJF 宝鸡断裂 GY 广元 CX 成县
图 2-2-3 横跨秦岭造山带和松潘 -甘孜造山带地壳结构断面图 (深部资料参考汤中立等①,1998，蔡学林等 [64],1999）
QLMC 秦岭中地壳 QLLC 秦岭下地壳 YZMC 扬子中地壳 YZLC 扬子下地壳 Moho 莫霍面 QLS 祁连山造山带 QL 秦岭造山带 SG 松潘 -甘孜造山带
YZB 扬子地块 WSF 武山断裂 SQS 商丹缝合线 ML 玛沁 -略阳断裂带 LM 龙门山构造带（ QMF 青川 -茂县断裂 BF 北川断裂 GF 广元断裂） AMQF 阿木去乎
RQ 若尔盖 HY 红原 RK 壤口 HSH 黑水 MX 茂县
THRUST AND REVERSE FAULTS
A – A section is
restored by putting
each layer back to its
original position,The
section balanced if all
the restored layers are
of equal length,
Reasons For not
balance,B – strongly
distorted; C,D – the
restored length of
layers 1,2 and 3 are
different because the
shortening and
thickening are
different in different
layer.
★ What is a duplex?
★ How to distinguish betweena a ramp and a flat?
★ How does a pop up be formed?
★ How to distinguish between a frontal ramp and a back
thrust?
★ How to distinguish between a piggyback thrust
sequence and an overstep thrust sequence?
Problems
That’s all for today!
Fault drag and fault movement
thickening thickening thinning thinning
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the drag
Determination of the relative movement of the two
walls from the tension joints
Determination
of the relative
movement from
the distribution
of the fault
breccia
Graben and Horst Structures
Transference of displacement from thrust to strike-slip fault
Transfer faultTransfer fault
LECTURE 8 THRUST FAULT
SYSTEM
Fault system, A set of faults of same
age generated in the same tectonic process.
A - Ramps and flats
B – Hangingwall ramp and
footwall ramp
C – Piggyback thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
footwall
D – Overstep thrust sequence
New thrusts develop in the
Hangingwall
E – Structure of duplex:
imbricate thrust slices are
contained between a floor
thrust and a roof thrust
F - Pop-up structure
G – Triangle zone
Imbricate
Stack
Duplex with
imbrication
Geological
Cross-section
An interpreted
cross section
FAULT – BEND FOLD
FAULT-PROPAGATION FOLD
‘duplex fault’
11
111
FAULT-BEND FOLD
FAULT-PROPAGATION
FOLDING
First & Second
Generation Structural
Plays
1) Single Thrust Sheet
2) Stacked & Imbricate
Thrust Sheets
Figure by A.C,Newson
Triangle-Zone at leading
edge of thrust belt
New Structural Play?
Local detachment of
shale from carbonate
beds
Figure by A.C,Newson
Fourth – Generation
Plays
Nappes – Fold-Thrust Fault Systems
Figure by A.C,Newson
3rd Generation Targets
Detachment Fold
Figure by A.C,Newson
图 3-2-1 研究区大地构造位置
图 2-2-4 横跨松潘 -甘孜造山带东缘（龙门山构造带、碧口地体）和秦岭造山带地壳结构断面图（深部资料参考汤中立等,1998）
YZMC 扬子中地壳 YZLC 扬子下地壳 QLMC 秦岭中地壳 QLLC 秦岭下地壳 YZB 扬子地块 SG 松潘 -甘孜造山带东缘 (LM 龙门山造山带 BK 碧口地体）
WQL 西秦岭造山带 QLS 祁连山造山带 BF 北川断裂 QMF 青川 -茂县断裂 MLF 玛沁 -略阳断裂 SDS 商丹缝合线 BJF 宝鸡断裂 GY 广元 CX 成县
图 2-2-3 横跨秦岭造山带和松潘 -甘孜造山带地壳结构断面图 (深部资料参考汤中立等①,1998，蔡学林等 [64],1999）
QLMC 秦岭中地壳 QLLC 秦岭下地壳 YZMC 扬子中地壳 YZLC 扬子下地壳 Moho 莫霍面 QLS 祁连山造山带 QL 秦岭造山带 SG 松潘 -甘孜造山带
YZB 扬子地块 WSF 武山断裂 SQS 商丹缝合线 ML 玛沁 -略阳断裂带 LM 龙门山构造带（ QMF 青川 -茂县断裂 BF 北川断裂 GF 广元断裂） AMQF 阿木去乎
RQ 若尔盖 HY 红原 RK 壤口 HSH 黑水 MX 茂县
THRUST AND REVERSE FAULTS
A – A section is
restored by putting
each layer back to its
original position,The
section balanced if all
the restored layers are
of equal length,
Reasons For not
balance,B – strongly
distorted; C,D – the
restored length of
layers 1,2 and 3 are
different because the
shortening and
thickening are
different in different
layer.
★ What is a duplex?
★ How to distinguish betweena a ramp and a flat?
★ How does a pop up be formed?
★ How to distinguish between a frontal ramp and a back
thrust?
★ How to distinguish between a piggyback thrust
sequence and an overstep thrust sequence?
Problems
That’s all for today!
