Unit 6
郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室
Background knowledge
? Nuclear Power
? Nuclear power can come from the fission of uranium,
plutonium or thorium or the fusion of hydrogen into
helium,Today it is almost all uranium,The fission of
an atom of uranium produces 10 million times the
energy produced by the combustion of an atom of
carbon from coal,By 1993,there‘d been 109 licensed
power reactors in the U.S,and about 400 in the world,
They generate about 20 percent of the U.S,electricity.
Four types of the text
? Description(描述 ) is painting a picture
in words of a person,place,object,or
scene.
? Narration (记叙 )writing includes
stories,real or imaginary,biographies,
histories,new items,and narrative
poems.
? Exposition(说明 ) is perhaps the type of writing that is
more frequently used by a student,a scientist,or a
professional,exposition means expounding or
explaining.
? Argumentation(议论 ) essay tries to make the reader
agree with its point of view and support it,to persuade
him to change his mind or behavior,and to approve a
policy or a course of action that it proposes.
Types of the text
? This is a piece of persuasive writing,The writer deals
with a controversial issue--the possibility and
practicability of atomic cars,He wishes to persuade the
reader to share his own reasoning and conclusion,He
considers both sides of the controversy realistically,He
presents known facts and bases his hypotheses on the
facts.Ｔ he following shows how the two sides of the
problem are put forward:
? 1)Building atomic cars is impracticable,
? a),Radiation is extremely dangerous.
? b),The car will have to carry many tons of lead.
? c),The price will be high.
? d),The problem of safety will remain insoluble.
? 2)Building atomic cars is practicable.
? a),It is possible to prevent radiation from escaping.
? b),It is possible to invent a strong but light
synthetic material.
? c),The price will eventually go down.
The writer succeeds in convincing the reader step by step,
of his conclusion--it is both impossible and
impracticable to make atomic cars,For even if the
problem of penetration of radiation and of economy
are solved,the problem of safety still remains unsolved,
Development and Organization
? 1)Introduction (Para.1--2)---The problem is set
forth clearly.
? 2)The body(Para.3--7)---The possibility of
making atomic cars is discussed.
? 3)The concluding paragraph(Para.8)---The last
sentence is an open-ended question which the
writer leaves for the reader to answer.
Questions
? 1.Explain the following in your own words.
? 1)...because there is no outlay on petrol.(Para.1)
? 2)...depending upon how much you spend on petrol,
(Para.3)
? 3)...with fatal results for anybody in its path,(Para.5)
? 4)...a mental that will be strong enough to hold in the
rays,but at the sane time light enough for a vehicle to
carry with ease and economy.(Para.6)
? 5)...But it seems safe to say that eventually,as
techniques and mass production come in
atomic engine,the price will go down.(Para.7)
? 6)...in every circumstance.(Para.8)
? 2.What kind of structure is the sentence "Harness
atomic power in a car,and you'll have no more worries
about petrol"?
? 3.What is the function of the word say in the sentence
"But say the experts,there are many problems still to be
conquered before such an engine can in fact be fixed
into a car"(Para.4)
Keys to Question
? 1.1)...because there is no need to spend money on
petrol.
? 2)...the amount of money you would save by
using atomic power is determined by how much
you spend on petrol.
? 3)If anyone happens to be in an area where there
is radiation,it will cost him his life.
? 4)...the metal will be strong enough to prevent the
rays from escaping but at the same time it will be
so light in weight that any vehicle can carry it
without too much difficulty and without costing
too much money,
? 5)We have every reason to say that when new
techniques and methods are introduced and when
atomic engines can be produced on a large scale,
the price,as a result,will be lowered.
? 6)under all circumstances
? 2.The sentence may be reworded as "If you can
harness atomic power in a car,you'll have n0o
more worries about petrol".
? The structure Imperative sentence+ and you'll is
equivalent to a conditional sentence structure
formed by If...,you'll...
? 3.Say is the predicate verb of the subject experts,
The clause say the experts is in inverted order.
Teaching Points
? 1)Every motorist dreams of a car of the future that
does not have to be refuelled,..(Para.1)
? knowledge about word formation:
? a) derivation,adding prefix or suffix to a stem,a
new word is produced,e.g.
re-:refuel,rewrite,retell,reconsider
im-,imbalance,impolite,improper,immoral,
impatient,impracticable
-ist,pianist,motorist,violinist,artist
? b) conversion,same word may shift from one part
of speech to another,e.g.
harness (n.->v.),brake,elbow,glue,finger,paste
? c) compound words:
outlay,overrun,overtake,outbreak,story-
telling,atom-splitting,science-fiction-like,mouse-
like
? d) blending,combining parts of words to produce
a new word.
smog--smoke+ fog,motel--motor+ hotel,chunnel-
-channel+ tunnel,blog-- web+log
? e) Acronym,combining initials of several words to
produce a new word
Columbia Broadcasting System,CBS
Federal Bureau of Investigation,FBI
? f) Clipping,abbreviation of longer words
gymnasium,gym,refrigerator,fridge,
mathematics,maths
? 2....every few hundred miles,at intervals of a few
hundred miles(Para.1)
e.g.Please write on every other line.
Take medicine every four hours.
? 3....cut the cost of running a car by quite a few
hundred pounds,(Para.3)
by,to the amount of ;to the extent of; to the degree
of,e.g.
The big rock missed him by five inches.
The output of steel in that factory has increased by
30 percent in the first quarter of this year.
The cost of the new atomic power station has
reduced by 80%.The production of consumer
goods is to go upon by 76% every year.
? 4.economy,economic,economical,economics
? economy,an abstract noun meaning "thrift and
frugality",e.g.
We are better off now,but we still have to practise
economy.
? economic,an adjective meaning "having to do
with economics",e.g.
Economic crises are sure to occur in the capitalist
world from time to time.
? economical,an adjective meaning "thrifty,not
wasting money or time“,e.g.
The writer is famous for his economical style.(=the
style of using few lines or words)
We all like economical stoves.
? 5).Harness atomic power in a car,and you'll have
no more worries about petrol.(Para.2)
More examples illustrating the structure,
Practise speaking English more,and you'll improve
your oral English quickly.
Travel eastward from Shanghai,and you'll gain an
hour when you reach Tokyo.
? 6).Suppose there is a road accident involving
one,or perhaps two atomic cars,...(Para.8)
involve,to cause somebody to become connected
or concerned; to get somebody into a complicated
or difficult condition
? More examples:
A hitch-hiker may sometimes get involved in a
crime case when the driver happens to be on the
run from the police and wants to use him as an
alibi,or when the police wants him as a witness.
? William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were
both great men of letters,but the former was a
comfortably off man and the latter was sometimes
deeply involved in debts.
Discussion
? A Discussion on the Nuclear Power Station
? A nuclear power station is being built near the city
where Geoge and Mary are living,One day they
meet and the nuclear power station becomes the
centre of their talk,They begin to argue about the
pros and cons heatedly,Suppose you and your
partner were Geoge and Mary,After pair work,
one of you will report to the class the result of your
discussion.
郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室
Background knowledge
? Nuclear Power
? Nuclear power can come from the fission of uranium,
plutonium or thorium or the fusion of hydrogen into
helium,Today it is almost all uranium,The fission of
an atom of uranium produces 10 million times the
energy produced by the combustion of an atom of
carbon from coal,By 1993,there‘d been 109 licensed
power reactors in the U.S,and about 400 in the world,
They generate about 20 percent of the U.S,electricity.
Four types of the text
? Description(描述 ) is painting a picture
in words of a person,place,object,or
scene.
? Narration (记叙 )writing includes
stories,real or imaginary,biographies,
histories,new items,and narrative
poems.
? Exposition(说明 ) is perhaps the type of writing that is
more frequently used by a student,a scientist,or a
professional,exposition means expounding or
explaining.
? Argumentation(议论 ) essay tries to make the reader
agree with its point of view and support it,to persuade
him to change his mind or behavior,and to approve a
policy or a course of action that it proposes.
Types of the text
? This is a piece of persuasive writing,The writer deals
with a controversial issue--the possibility and
practicability of atomic cars,He wishes to persuade the
reader to share his own reasoning and conclusion,He
considers both sides of the controversy realistically,He
presents known facts and bases his hypotheses on the
facts.Ｔ he following shows how the two sides of the
problem are put forward:
? 1)Building atomic cars is impracticable,
? a),Radiation is extremely dangerous.
? b),The car will have to carry many tons of lead.
? c),The price will be high.
? d),The problem of safety will remain insoluble.
? 2)Building atomic cars is practicable.
? a),It is possible to prevent radiation from escaping.
? b),It is possible to invent a strong but light
synthetic material.
? c),The price will eventually go down.
The writer succeeds in convincing the reader step by step,
of his conclusion--it is both impossible and
impracticable to make atomic cars,For even if the
problem of penetration of radiation and of economy
are solved,the problem of safety still remains unsolved,
Development and Organization
? 1)Introduction (Para.1--2)---The problem is set
forth clearly.
? 2)The body(Para.3--7)---The possibility of
making atomic cars is discussed.
? 3)The concluding paragraph(Para.8)---The last
sentence is an open-ended question which the
writer leaves for the reader to answer.
Questions
? 1.Explain the following in your own words.
? 1)...because there is no outlay on petrol.(Para.1)
? 2)...depending upon how much you spend on petrol,
(Para.3)
? 3)...with fatal results for anybody in its path,(Para.5)
? 4)...a mental that will be strong enough to hold in the
rays,but at the sane time light enough for a vehicle to
carry with ease and economy.(Para.6)
? 5)...But it seems safe to say that eventually,as
techniques and mass production come in
atomic engine,the price will go down.(Para.7)
? 6)...in every circumstance.(Para.8)
? 2.What kind of structure is the sentence "Harness
atomic power in a car,and you'll have no more worries
about petrol"?
? 3.What is the function of the word say in the sentence
"But say the experts,there are many problems still to be
conquered before such an engine can in fact be fixed
into a car"(Para.4)
Keys to Question
? 1.1)...because there is no need to spend money on
petrol.
? 2)...the amount of money you would save by
using atomic power is determined by how much
you spend on petrol.
? 3)If anyone happens to be in an area where there
is radiation,it will cost him his life.
? 4)...the metal will be strong enough to prevent the
rays from escaping but at the same time it will be
so light in weight that any vehicle can carry it
without too much difficulty and without costing
too much money,
? 5)We have every reason to say that when new
techniques and methods are introduced and when
atomic engines can be produced on a large scale,
the price,as a result,will be lowered.
? 6)under all circumstances
? 2.The sentence may be reworded as "If you can
harness atomic power in a car,you'll have n0o
more worries about petrol".
? The structure Imperative sentence+ and you'll is
equivalent to a conditional sentence structure
formed by If...,you'll...
? 3.Say is the predicate verb of the subject experts,
The clause say the experts is in inverted order.
Teaching Points
? 1)Every motorist dreams of a car of the future that
does not have to be refuelled,..(Para.1)
? knowledge about word formation:
? a) derivation,adding prefix or suffix to a stem,a
new word is produced,e.g.
re-:refuel,rewrite,retell,reconsider
im-,imbalance,impolite,improper,immoral,
impatient,impracticable
-ist,pianist,motorist,violinist,artist
? b) conversion,same word may shift from one part
of speech to another,e.g.
harness (n.->v.),brake,elbow,glue,finger,paste
? c) compound words:
outlay,overrun,overtake,outbreak,story-
telling,atom-splitting,science-fiction-like,mouse-
like
? d) blending,combining parts of words to produce
a new word.
smog--smoke+ fog,motel--motor+ hotel,chunnel-
-channel+ tunnel,blog-- web+log
? e) Acronym,combining initials of several words to
produce a new word
Columbia Broadcasting System,CBS
Federal Bureau of Investigation,FBI
? f) Clipping,abbreviation of longer words
gymnasium,gym,refrigerator,fridge,
mathematics,maths
? 2....every few hundred miles,at intervals of a few
hundred miles(Para.1)
e.g.Please write on every other line.
Take medicine every four hours.
? 3....cut the cost of running a car by quite a few
hundred pounds,(Para.3)
by,to the amount of ;to the extent of; to the degree
of,e.g.
The big rock missed him by five inches.
The output of steel in that factory has increased by
30 percent in the first quarter of this year.
The cost of the new atomic power station has
reduced by 80%.The production of consumer
goods is to go upon by 76% every year.
? 4.economy,economic,economical,economics
? economy,an abstract noun meaning "thrift and
frugality",e.g.
We are better off now,but we still have to practise
economy.
? economic,an adjective meaning "having to do
with economics",e.g.
Economic crises are sure to occur in the capitalist
world from time to time.
? economical,an adjective meaning "thrifty,not
wasting money or time“,e.g.
The writer is famous for his economical style.(=the
style of using few lines or words)
We all like economical stoves.
? 5).Harness atomic power in a car,and you'll have
no more worries about petrol.(Para.2)
More examples illustrating the structure,
Practise speaking English more,and you'll improve
your oral English quickly.
Travel eastward from Shanghai,and you'll gain an
hour when you reach Tokyo.
? 6).Suppose there is a road accident involving
one,or perhaps two atomic cars,...(Para.8)
involve,to cause somebody to become connected
or concerned; to get somebody into a complicated
or difficult condition
? More examples:
A hitch-hiker may sometimes get involved in a
crime case when the driver happens to be on the
run from the police and wants to use him as an
alibi,or when the police wants him as a witness.
? William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were
both great men of letters,but the former was a
comfortably off man and the latter was sometimes
deeply involved in debts.
Discussion
? A Discussion on the Nuclear Power Station
? A nuclear power station is being built near the city
where Geoge and Mary are living,One day they
meet and the nuclear power station becomes the
centre of their talk,They begin to argue about the
pros and cons heatedly,Suppose you and your
partner were Geoge and Mary,After pair work,
one of you will report to the class the result of your
discussion.
