Chapter 8
Innovative EC Systems:
From E-Government and
E-Learning to C2C
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Learning Objectives
1,Describe e-government to citizens (G2C),to businesses
(G2B),and to others.
2,Describe various e-government initiatives.
3,Discuss online publishing,e-books,and blogging.
4,Describe e-learning and virtual universities.
5,Describe knowledge management and dissemination as
an e-business.
6,Describe C2C activities.
7,Understand how peer-to-peer technology works in
intrabusiness,in B2B,and in C2C.
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E-Government,An Overview
Scope and Definitions
e-government
The use of IT and e-commerce to provide access to
government information and delivery of public
services to citizens and business partners
government-to-citizens (G2C)
E-government category that includes all the
interactions between a government and its citizens
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E-Government,An Overview
Government to Citizens
– Electronic Voting
bioelectronic voting
Voting process that involves many steps ranging from
registering,preparing,voting,and counting (voting and
counting all done electronically)
Netizen
A citizen surfing the Internet
– Electronic Benefits Transfer
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E-Government,An Overview
Government-to-Business
government-to-business (G2B)
E-government category that includes interactions
between governments and businesses (government
selling to businesses and providing them with
services and businesses selling products and
services to government)
– Government E-Procurement
– Group Purchasing
– Forward E-Auctions
– Tax Collection and Management
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E-Government,An Overview
Government-to-Business
– Government e-procurement
– Group purchasing
– Forward e-auctions
– Tax collection and management
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E-Government,An Overview
government-to-government (G2G)
E-government category that includes activities within
government units and those between governments
government-to-employees (G2E)
E-government category that includes activities and
services between government units and their
employees
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E-Government,An Overview
Government-to-employees and internal
efficiency and effectiveness
– Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness
E-payroll
E-records management
E-training
Enterprise case management
Integrated acquisition
Integrated human resources
Recruitment one-stop
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Implementing E-Government
The Transformation to E-Government
Stage 1,Information publishing/dissemination
Stage 2,―Official‖ two-way transactions with one
department at a time
Stage 3,Multipurpose portals
Stage 4:Portal personalization
Stage 5,Clustering of common services
Stage 6,Full integration and enterprise
transformation.
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Exhibit 8.2 The Stages of E-Government
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Implementing E-Government
Implementation Issues of E-Government
– Transformation speed
– G2B implementation
– Security and privacy issues
– Wireless applications
Citizen Adoption of E-Government
Non-Internet E-Government
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Exhibit 8.3 E-Government Adoption
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
online publishing
The electronic delivery of newspapers,magazines,
books,news,music,videos,and other digitizable
information over the Internet
e-zines
Electronic magazine or newsletter delivered over the
Internet via e-mail
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Online Publishing Approaches and Methods
– Online-archive approach
– New-medium approach
– Publishing-intermediation approach
– Dynamic approach
– Content providers and distributors
– Publishing of music,videos,games,and
entertainment
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Online Publishing Approaches and Methods
Webcasting
Live shows broadcast on the Web
Webinars
Seminars on the Web (Web-based seminars)
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Electronic Books
e-book
A book in digital form that can be read on a computer
screen or on a special device
– E-books can be delivered and read via:
Web access
Web download
A dedicated reader
A general-purpose reader
A Web server
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Electronic Books
– Types of E-Books
Traditional book format
Online bookshelf
The download
The Rubics-cube hyperlink book
The interactive,build-your-own (BYO) decision
book
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Advantages of E-Books
– To readers
Portability
Easy search capabilities and links
Easy downloading
The ability to quickly and inexpensively copy material,
including figures
Easy integration of content with other text
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Advantages of E-Books
– To publishers
Lower production,marketing,and delivery costs
Lower updating and reproduction costs
Ability to reach many readers
Ease of combining several books so professors can
customize textbooks by using materials
Lower advertising costs
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Limitations of E-Books
– Require hardware and software that may be too
expensive for some readers
– Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of
material on a screen
– Batteries may run down
– Multiple and competing standards
– Only a few books are available as e-books
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Electronic Books
– E-Book Issues
How to protect the publisher’s/author’s copyright
How to secure content (e.g.,use encryption,
employ Digital Rights Management
How to distribute and sell e-books
How much to charge for an e-book versus a hard
copy,and how to collect payment for e-books
How to best support navigation in an e-book
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Which standards to use
How to increase reading speed,On the average
screen,reading is 25% slower than hard-copy
reading
How to transform readers from hard-copy books to
e-books; how to deal with resistance to change
How to design an e-book (e.g.,how to deal with
fonts,typefaces,colors,etc.,online)
How publishers can justify e-books in terms of
profit and market share
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Print-on-Demand Process
1,A publisher creates a digital master,typically in
Adobe Systems’ Acrobat format,and sends it to a
specialized print-on-demand company,The files are
stored on the printing company’s network
2,When an order is placed,a print-on-demand
machine prints out the text of the document or book
and then covers,binds,and trims it,The entire
process can take about a minute for a 300-page
book
3,The books are packaged and shipped to the
publisher or the consumer
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Online Publishing,
E-Books,and Blogging
Blogging (Weblogging)
Weblogging/blogging
Technology for personal publishing on the Internet
blog
A personal Web site that is open to the public to read
and to interact with others using the blog; dedicated to
specific topics or issues
wikiLog (wikiblog)
A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer;
any one may add,delete,or change content
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E-Learning
The Basics of E-Learning
e-learning
The online delivery of information for purposes of
education,training,or knowledge management
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E-Learning
Benefits and Drawbacks of E-Learning
– Benefits of e-Learning
Time reduction
Large volume and diversity
Cost reduction
Higher content retention
Flexibility
Updated and consistent material
Fear-free environment
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Exhibit 8.4 The Effects of E-Commerce
Forces in Education
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E-Learning
– Drawbacks and Challenges of E-Learning
Need for instructor retraining
Equipment needs and support services
Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life.
Assessment
Maintenance and updating
Protection of intellectual property
Computer literacy
Student retention
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E-Learning
Preventing E-Learning Failures
distance learning
Formal education that takes place off campus,
usually,but not always,through online resources
virtual university
An online university from which students take classes
from home or other off-site locations,usually via the
Internet
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E-Learning
Online Corporate Training
– The Drivers of e-Training
Technological change
Competition and cost pressures
Globalization
Continual learning
Network connectivity
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E-Learning
Implementing E-Learning and E-Training in
Learning Centers
edutainment
The combination of education and entertainment,
often through games
E-Learning Tools
– WebCT
– BlackBoard
– Others
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Knowledge Management
and E-Commerce
knowledge management (KM)
The process of capturing or creating knowledge,storing
it,updating it constantly,interpreting it,and using it
whenever necessary
organizational knowledge base
The repository for an enterprise’s accumulated
knowledge
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Knowledge Management
and E-Commerce
KM Types and Activities
– Organizational knowledge is embedded in these
resources:
1,human capital
2,structured capital (organizational capital)
3,customer capital
– Knowledge Sharing
How is Knowledge Management Related to
E-Commerce?
– To better perform its EC tasks,organizations need knowledge,
which is provided by KM
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Knowledge Management
and E-Commerce
Knowledge Portals
knowledge portal
A single point of access software system intended to
provide timely access to information and to support
communities of knowledge workers
information intelligence
Information,data,knowledge,and semantic
infrastructure that enable organizations to create
more business applications
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Knowledge Management
and E-Commerce
Online Advice and Consulting
– Medical advice
– Management consulting
– Legal advice
– Gurus
– Financial advice
– Other advisory services
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Knowledge Management
and E-Commerce
Expert Advice Within Organizations
expert location systems
Interactive computerized systems that help
employees find and connect with colleagues
who have expertise required for specific
problems—whether they are across the country
or across the room—in order to solve specific,
critical business problems in seconds
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce
customer-to-customer (C2C)
E-commerce in which both the buyer and the seller
are individuals,not businesses; involves activities
such as auctions and classified ads
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Exhibit 8.6 How Expert Location Systems
(Save) Work
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce
C2C Auctions
Classified Ads
Personal Services
C2C Exchanges
Selling Virtual Properties
Support Services for C2C
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
peer-to-peer (P2P)
A network architecture in which workstations (or
PCs) share data and processing with each other
directly rather than through a central server
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
Characteristics of P2P Systems
– Provide real-time access to other users through
techniques such as instant messaging and
multichannel collaboration applications
– User computers can act as both clients and servers
– Maximize the use of physical attributes such as
processor cycles,storage space,bandwidth,and
location on the network
– Employ user interfaces that load outside of a Web
browser
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
Models of P2P Applications
– Collaboration
– Content distribution
– Business process automation
– Distributed search
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Exhibit 8.7 Peer-To-Peer Networks
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
C2C P2P Applications
– Napster—the File-sharing utility
– Other File-Sharing Programs
Gnutella
Kazaa
– Other Commercial P2P Applications in C2C
Users can sell digital goods directly from their computers
rather than going through centralized servers
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
Intrabusiness P2P Application
– Internal collaboration
B2B P2P Application
– People can share information,but they are not
required to send it to an unknown server,as they do
when using a regular exchange
B2C P2P Applications
– Marketing
– Advertising
– B2C payments
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Managerial Issues
1,What are the e-government opportunities?
2,Are there e-learning and e-training opportunities?
3,Can we capitalize on C2C?
4,How well are we managing our knowledge?
5,Are there P2P applications?
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Summary
1,E-government to citizens,businesses,and
others.
2,Other e-government activities.
3,Online publishing and e-books.
4,E-learning and virtual universities.
5,Knowledge management and dissemination as
an e-business.
6,C2C activities.
7,Peer-to-peer technology and applications.