Reading-Centred
Activities
1,Global Reading Task
Answer the questions on page 38 to
get the main idea of the text.
Distinguish between facts and
opinions while reading the text
Matching the following topics with
the paragraphs in the text
a,Iron deficiency is very common among
women and the general causes for it
b,One specific cause
c,Exercise,even moderate exercise,may
lead to reduced iron in the blood of
women
d,Suggested ways to correct iron
deficiency
e,Iron deficiency in blood
f,Another specific cause
g,Check iron deficiency
4,5,1-3,10-12,7-8,6,9
Reading-Centred
Activities
2,Detailed Reading Task
Language points
Simulated writing (exercises 8
and 9 )
…that endurance athletes,
particularly females,frequently have
iron deficiencies,(Para,1)
…that athletes such as long
distance runners,especially
women athletes,often display a
lack of iron.,
Now a new study by a team of
Purdue University researchers…
(Para,1)
Now a new study conducted by a
team of researchers from Purdue
University…,
…suggests that even moderate
exercise may lead to reduced iron in
the blood of women,(Para,1)
… suggests that even exercise of a
mild type may cause a loss of iron
in the blood of women.
We found that women who were
normally inactive and then started a
program of moderate exercise showed
evidence of iron loss,… (Para,2)
We found that women who were not in the
habit of doing physical exercises but then
suddenly began a program of exercise of
middle degree showed signs of iron loss,…
Women who consumed additional
meat or took iron supplements were
able to bounce back,… (Para,3)
Women who ate more meat than
they usually did or took iron-added
pills were able to return to their
normal,healthy state,…
But the new exercisers who followed
their normal diet showed a decrease
in iron levels,(Para,3)
But those women who began a
program of exercise but went on
with their diet as usual showed a
decrease in iron levels.
…affecting one in four female
teenagers and one in five women
aged 18 to 45,respectively,(Para,4)
… affecting one out of four female teenagers
and (also affecting) one out of five women
who are aged from 18 to 45.
Please note that,respectively” modifies
“one in four female teenagers and one in
five women aged 18 to 45”.,
But the ratio is even greater among
active women,affecting up to 80
percent of female endurance
athletes,(Para,4)
But the figure is even greater among
women who do exercises regularly,
affecting as many as 80 percent of
female endurance athletes.
…affecting up to 80 percent of
female endurance athletes,(Para,4)
Example
Everyone works,from the boy who sweeps
the floor up to the President.
Everyone works,from the President down
to the boy who sweeps the floor.
Compare
…“too many women ignore the
amount of iron they take in”,(Para,
4)
“too many women don't pay
attention to how much iron they
consume in food or drink”..
Women of child-bearing age are at
greatest risk,since their monthly bleeding
is a major source of iron loss,(Para,4)
Women who are at the age of bearing children
are put in greater danger of losing iron owing
to their monthly bleeding.
The normal span of women's production is between
18 and 50,with some exceptions,Women who are in
that period are supposed to be able to give birth.
women's physical phenomenon that occurs once
a month,during which they bleed,The special
term for that phenomenon is,menstruation”,
Plus,many health-conscious women increase
their risk by rejecting red meat,… (Para,4)
In addition,many women who care much
about their health refuse to eat red meat such
as beef and mutton and thus increase the
danger of losing iron …,
the meat of sheep (mutton) or fully-grown cows (beef)
1)the very pale-coloured meat from those parts of a
cooked bird which are nicest to eat,such as the breast
of a chicken
2) certain types of pale-coloured meat (veal and pork)
And because women often restrict their
diet in an effort to control weight,they
may not consume enough iron-rich food,
and are liable to experience a deficiency,
(Para,4)
And because women often limit their food,
trying to control weight,they may not eat
enough food containing much iron,and
therefore are likely to have less iron than
necessary.
The average woman takes in only two
thirds of the recommended daily
allowance for iron,… (Para,5)
The average woman eats every day only two thirds of
the necessary iron that health experts recommend,…
Based on investigation,health experts can decide how
much iron a woman should take in every day in order
to keep fit,The fact is that many women do not take in
the recommended amount,which puts them at the risk
of iron deficiency.
For a woman who already has a poor iron
status,any additional iron loss from exercise
may be enough to tip her over the edge into a
more serious deficiency,… (Para,5)
If a woman who already has less iron than
necessary starts a program of exercise that
causes more loss of iron,then her iron status
will change greatly and she'll be put in a
more serious state of iron deficiency,…
tip (sb.) over the edge,bring about a noticeable
change; (cause to) develop into another status
Exercise can result in iron loss through
a variety of mechanisms,(Para,6)
Exercise can lead to iron loss because of
the various functions of the body,
Some iron is lost in sweat,and,for
unknown reasons,intense endurance
exercise is sometimes associated with
bleeding of the digestive system,(Para,6)
Some iron is lost when one sweats,and for
the reasons unknown to us,intense
endurance exercise may sometimes result in
bleeding of the digestive system.
the whole length of the pipe down which
food travels through the body while it is
being digested,See Note 3 of the
Background Information.
Athletes in high-impact sports such as
running… (Para,6)
sports that require great endurance
The first and most common is having
low iron reserves,a condition that
typically has no symptoms,(Para,7)
The first stage of iron deficiency — which is also the
most common — is one in which one doesn't have
much iron stored in the body,And during this stage
there are usually no signs of iron deficiency.
Note that,a condition that…” serves as an appositive,
generalizing the preceding clause,
examples
Typically,he would come in
late and then say he was
sorry.
It typically takes a day or
two,depending on size.
He greeted me with typically
American hospitality.
on usual
occasions; in
usual
conditions
representing a particular type of person or thing
Fatigue and poor performance may begin
to appear in the second stage of deficiency,
when not enough iron is present to form
the molecules of blood protein that
transport oxygen to the working muscles,
(Para,7)
In the second stage of deficiency when there is
no enough iron to form the molecules of blood
protein that transport oxygen to the working
muscles,one may begin to feel very tired and
unable to do their activities properly.
the muscles that are engaged when
people exercise or work
In the third and final stage,people often
feel weak,tired,and out of breath…
(Para,7)
1 The phrase does not mean having no breath
or that the breath has stopped,It means that
people cannot breathe easily and rhythmically
as they normally do.,Out of” could be
interpreted as out of the normal state.…
…and exercise performance is severely
compromised,(Para,7)
… and exercise performance is badly
affected.（ One does his exercise badly.）
You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go
to zero,and if you wait until that point,you're
in trouble,(Para,8)
If you are in stage 3,that means you have no iron left in
your body at all,and if you don't do anything to
improve your iron stores until then,you are in trouble.
the status of iron reserves going to zero
You're not stage 3 until your iron
reserves go to zero… (Para,8)
be used up; be exhausted
Instead,it's important to check levels
of a different compound,which
indicates the amount of storage of iron
in the blood,(Para,9)
Instead,it's important to check levels of a different
compound,because it is the compound that shows
the amount of iron stored in the blood.
the act of storing
sth,consisting of a combination of 2 or more
parts,substances,etc.,esp,a chemical
substance consisting of at least 2 different
simple substances (or elements) combined
in such a way that it usually has qualities
different from those of the substances from
which it is made
While active,child-bearing age women
are most likely to… (Para,9)
While child-bearing age women who regularly
do physical exercises are most likely to …
Here,active” means,doing physical exercises
regularly”,
Men are not safe,especially if they don't
eat meat and have a high level of physical
activity,(Para,9)
Men may also suffer from iron deficiency,
especially if they don't take in meat while
engaging themselves in lots of physical
activities.
…it's advisable for people in these groups
to have a yearly blood test to check blood
iron reserves,(Para,9)
it's wise for people who belong to these groups
to have a test each year on blood to see if the
amount of their iron stores is sufficient,
that is advised or thought best to do;
sensible; wise ;
every year; once in a year
If iron levels are low,talk with a
physician to see if the deficiency should
be corrected by modifying your diet or by
taking supplements,(Para,10)
If your iron levels are low,you'd better
talk with a doctor to see if the deficiency
should be corrected by changing your
diet and taking iron-rich foods or by
taking iron-added pills.
In general,it's better to undo the
problem by adding more iron-rich foods
to the diet,because iron supplements can
have serious shortcomings,(Para,10)
Generally speaking,the better way to solve
the problem of iron deficiency is to add more
iron-rich foods to the diet rather than take in
iron supplements because supplements may
cause bad side effects,
Supplements may produce a feeling of
wanting to throw up… (Para,10)
Supplements may cause people to feel sick..,
throw up,vomit; be sick
“Select breads and cereals with the words
'iron-added' on the label,” … (Para,11)
“Choose breads and cereals that have the
words 'iron-added' on the label,”
This added iron supplements the small
amount that naturally occurs in grains,
(Para.11)
This added iron adds to the small amount that is
naturally contained in grains,
… as food can derive iron from the pan
during the cooking process,(Para,11)
… as food can obtain iron from the pan during
the cooking process,
…showed a striking increase… (Para,11)
a great increase
…the level going up nearly 30 times… (Para,11)
… and as a result,the level has increased nearly 30 times…
Please note that this is the absolute structure in the sentence.
…can interfere with iron being absorbed
into the body,(Para,11)
…can prevent iron from being absorbed into the body.
独立主格结构的语法作用独立主格结构与句子其他部分没有语法关系,一般用逗号将它们隔开；独立主格结构在逻辑上是主谓关系,相当于一个时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语,让步状语或一个并列句,其逻辑主语相当于状语从句或并列句的主语,
后面部分相当于它们的谓语或表语；独立主格结构译成汉语时或是译成一个状语,或是译成一个并列句子 。
The dark clouds having disappeared,the sun shone
again.
The door of the opposite parlor being then opened,I
heard some voices.
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
Conciliation failing,forces remains; but force failing,no
further hope of conciliation is left.
They had many talks with the native,the guide acting as
interpreter.
She went to the market,with her son following her.
So much money having being spent,we have not seen
any good result.
I read a novel,my wife sewing by my side,
Vocabulary Exercises
Translating and Writing
Activities
1,Global Reading Task
Answer the questions on page 38 to
get the main idea of the text.
Distinguish between facts and
opinions while reading the text
Matching the following topics with
the paragraphs in the text
a,Iron deficiency is very common among
women and the general causes for it
b,One specific cause
c,Exercise,even moderate exercise,may
lead to reduced iron in the blood of
women
d,Suggested ways to correct iron
deficiency
e,Iron deficiency in blood
f,Another specific cause
g,Check iron deficiency
4,5,1-3,10-12,7-8,6,9
Reading-Centred
Activities
2,Detailed Reading Task
Language points
Simulated writing (exercises 8
and 9 )
…that endurance athletes,
particularly females,frequently have
iron deficiencies,(Para,1)
…that athletes such as long
distance runners,especially
women athletes,often display a
lack of iron.,
Now a new study by a team of
Purdue University researchers…
(Para,1)
Now a new study conducted by a
team of researchers from Purdue
University…,
…suggests that even moderate
exercise may lead to reduced iron in
the blood of women,(Para,1)
… suggests that even exercise of a
mild type may cause a loss of iron
in the blood of women.
We found that women who were
normally inactive and then started a
program of moderate exercise showed
evidence of iron loss,… (Para,2)
We found that women who were not in the
habit of doing physical exercises but then
suddenly began a program of exercise of
middle degree showed signs of iron loss,…
Women who consumed additional
meat or took iron supplements were
able to bounce back,… (Para,3)
Women who ate more meat than
they usually did or took iron-added
pills were able to return to their
normal,healthy state,…
But the new exercisers who followed
their normal diet showed a decrease
in iron levels,(Para,3)
But those women who began a
program of exercise but went on
with their diet as usual showed a
decrease in iron levels.
…affecting one in four female
teenagers and one in five women
aged 18 to 45,respectively,(Para,4)
… affecting one out of four female teenagers
and (also affecting) one out of five women
who are aged from 18 to 45.
Please note that,respectively” modifies
“one in four female teenagers and one in
five women aged 18 to 45”.,
But the ratio is even greater among
active women,affecting up to 80
percent of female endurance
athletes,(Para,4)
But the figure is even greater among
women who do exercises regularly,
affecting as many as 80 percent of
female endurance athletes.
…affecting up to 80 percent of
female endurance athletes,(Para,4)
Example
Everyone works,from the boy who sweeps
the floor up to the President.
Everyone works,from the President down
to the boy who sweeps the floor.
Compare
…“too many women ignore the
amount of iron they take in”,(Para,
4)
“too many women don't pay
attention to how much iron they
consume in food or drink”..
Women of child-bearing age are at
greatest risk,since their monthly bleeding
is a major source of iron loss,(Para,4)
Women who are at the age of bearing children
are put in greater danger of losing iron owing
to their monthly bleeding.
The normal span of women's production is between
18 and 50,with some exceptions,Women who are in
that period are supposed to be able to give birth.
women's physical phenomenon that occurs once
a month,during which they bleed,The special
term for that phenomenon is,menstruation”,
Plus,many health-conscious women increase
their risk by rejecting red meat,… (Para,4)
In addition,many women who care much
about their health refuse to eat red meat such
as beef and mutton and thus increase the
danger of losing iron …,
the meat of sheep (mutton) or fully-grown cows (beef)
1)the very pale-coloured meat from those parts of a
cooked bird which are nicest to eat,such as the breast
of a chicken
2) certain types of pale-coloured meat (veal and pork)
And because women often restrict their
diet in an effort to control weight,they
may not consume enough iron-rich food,
and are liable to experience a deficiency,
(Para,4)
And because women often limit their food,
trying to control weight,they may not eat
enough food containing much iron,and
therefore are likely to have less iron than
necessary.
The average woman takes in only two
thirds of the recommended daily
allowance for iron,… (Para,5)
The average woman eats every day only two thirds of
the necessary iron that health experts recommend,…
Based on investigation,health experts can decide how
much iron a woman should take in every day in order
to keep fit,The fact is that many women do not take in
the recommended amount,which puts them at the risk
of iron deficiency.
For a woman who already has a poor iron
status,any additional iron loss from exercise
may be enough to tip her over the edge into a
more serious deficiency,… (Para,5)
If a woman who already has less iron than
necessary starts a program of exercise that
causes more loss of iron,then her iron status
will change greatly and she'll be put in a
more serious state of iron deficiency,…
tip (sb.) over the edge,bring about a noticeable
change; (cause to) develop into another status
Exercise can result in iron loss through
a variety of mechanisms,(Para,6)
Exercise can lead to iron loss because of
the various functions of the body,
Some iron is lost in sweat,and,for
unknown reasons,intense endurance
exercise is sometimes associated with
bleeding of the digestive system,(Para,6)
Some iron is lost when one sweats,and for
the reasons unknown to us,intense
endurance exercise may sometimes result in
bleeding of the digestive system.
the whole length of the pipe down which
food travels through the body while it is
being digested,See Note 3 of the
Background Information.
Athletes in high-impact sports such as
running… (Para,6)
sports that require great endurance
The first and most common is having
low iron reserves,a condition that
typically has no symptoms,(Para,7)
The first stage of iron deficiency — which is also the
most common — is one in which one doesn't have
much iron stored in the body,And during this stage
there are usually no signs of iron deficiency.
Note that,a condition that…” serves as an appositive,
generalizing the preceding clause,
examples
Typically,he would come in
late and then say he was
sorry.
It typically takes a day or
two,depending on size.
He greeted me with typically
American hospitality.
on usual
occasions; in
usual
conditions
representing a particular type of person or thing
Fatigue and poor performance may begin
to appear in the second stage of deficiency,
when not enough iron is present to form
the molecules of blood protein that
transport oxygen to the working muscles,
(Para,7)
In the second stage of deficiency when there is
no enough iron to form the molecules of blood
protein that transport oxygen to the working
muscles,one may begin to feel very tired and
unable to do their activities properly.
the muscles that are engaged when
people exercise or work
In the third and final stage,people often
feel weak,tired,and out of breath…
(Para,7)
1 The phrase does not mean having no breath
or that the breath has stopped,It means that
people cannot breathe easily and rhythmically
as they normally do.,Out of” could be
interpreted as out of the normal state.…
…and exercise performance is severely
compromised,(Para,7)
… and exercise performance is badly
affected.（ One does his exercise badly.）
You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go
to zero,and if you wait until that point,you're
in trouble,(Para,8)
If you are in stage 3,that means you have no iron left in
your body at all,and if you don't do anything to
improve your iron stores until then,you are in trouble.
the status of iron reserves going to zero
You're not stage 3 until your iron
reserves go to zero… (Para,8)
be used up; be exhausted
Instead,it's important to check levels
of a different compound,which
indicates the amount of storage of iron
in the blood,(Para,9)
Instead,it's important to check levels of a different
compound,because it is the compound that shows
the amount of iron stored in the blood.
the act of storing
sth,consisting of a combination of 2 or more
parts,substances,etc.,esp,a chemical
substance consisting of at least 2 different
simple substances (or elements) combined
in such a way that it usually has qualities
different from those of the substances from
which it is made
While active,child-bearing age women
are most likely to… (Para,9)
While child-bearing age women who regularly
do physical exercises are most likely to …
Here,active” means,doing physical exercises
regularly”,
Men are not safe,especially if they don't
eat meat and have a high level of physical
activity,(Para,9)
Men may also suffer from iron deficiency,
especially if they don't take in meat while
engaging themselves in lots of physical
activities.
…it's advisable for people in these groups
to have a yearly blood test to check blood
iron reserves,(Para,9)
it's wise for people who belong to these groups
to have a test each year on blood to see if the
amount of their iron stores is sufficient,
that is advised or thought best to do;
sensible; wise ;
every year; once in a year
If iron levels are low,talk with a
physician to see if the deficiency should
be corrected by modifying your diet or by
taking supplements,(Para,10)
If your iron levels are low,you'd better
talk with a doctor to see if the deficiency
should be corrected by changing your
diet and taking iron-rich foods or by
taking iron-added pills.
In general,it's better to undo the
problem by adding more iron-rich foods
to the diet,because iron supplements can
have serious shortcomings,(Para,10)
Generally speaking,the better way to solve
the problem of iron deficiency is to add more
iron-rich foods to the diet rather than take in
iron supplements because supplements may
cause bad side effects,
Supplements may produce a feeling of
wanting to throw up… (Para,10)
Supplements may cause people to feel sick..,
throw up,vomit; be sick
“Select breads and cereals with the words
'iron-added' on the label,” … (Para,11)
“Choose breads and cereals that have the
words 'iron-added' on the label,”
This added iron supplements the small
amount that naturally occurs in grains,
(Para.11)
This added iron adds to the small amount that is
naturally contained in grains,
… as food can derive iron from the pan
during the cooking process,(Para,11)
… as food can obtain iron from the pan during
the cooking process,
…showed a striking increase… (Para,11)
a great increase
…the level going up nearly 30 times… (Para,11)
… and as a result,the level has increased nearly 30 times…
Please note that this is the absolute structure in the sentence.
…can interfere with iron being absorbed
into the body,(Para,11)
…can prevent iron from being absorbed into the body.
独立主格结构的语法作用独立主格结构与句子其他部分没有语法关系,一般用逗号将它们隔开；独立主格结构在逻辑上是主谓关系,相当于一个时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语,让步状语或一个并列句,其逻辑主语相当于状语从句或并列句的主语,
后面部分相当于它们的谓语或表语；独立主格结构译成汉语时或是译成一个状语,或是译成一个并列句子 。
The dark clouds having disappeared,the sun shone
again.
The door of the opposite parlor being then opened,I
heard some voices.
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
Conciliation failing,forces remains; but force failing,no
further hope of conciliation is left.
They had many talks with the native,the guide acting as
interpreter.
She went to the market,with her son following her.
So much money having being spent,we have not seen
any good result.
I read a novel,my wife sewing by my side,
Vocabulary Exercises
Translating and Writing
