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I
E
0
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I
2
I
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E
0
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Z
n
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0
Zn
H
2
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e

H
2

Z
n

H
2

P
t

00
ca
ac
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I
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=
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42
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D e?ù?
i
a
KV??E ?v¥?? ——K
¤ —— e???
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K e?y
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s? P
c
aP
a
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a
0
E
c
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a
E
a
0
E
c
0
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corr
I
corr
I
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b
E
a
0
E
c
0
E
corr
I
corr
I
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c
E
a
0
E
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d
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R
43
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H
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c
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H
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c
H I
max
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a
%?
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a
0
E
c
0
E
corr
I
corr
I
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a
E
a
0
E
c
0
E
corr
I
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b
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44
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c
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45
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46
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47
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48
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ac
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ii
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ca
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() ()
c
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49
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D e?ù?
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50
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D e?ù?
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'(1)
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G G anF E nF E G a nF E
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GGanFE
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=?+?
51
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D e?ù?
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aaR
vkC=
HJJ
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c
exp( )
OR
GkT
k
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=?
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? E ???
p
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52
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D e?ù?
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(1 )
exp[ ]
aR
anFE
nFk C
RT
=
a
aR
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HJ H H
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¥?Y
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=
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(1 )
exp( )exp( )
OR
R
GkT a nFE
nFC
hRT RT


=?
(1 )
exp( )
OR
R
GanFEkT
nFC
hRT


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a
exp( )
OR
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k
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53
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D e?ù?
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èèêèQ?
¥?Y
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GGG
exp( )
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RT
=?
exp( )
OR
O
G anFEkT
nFC
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+
=?
exp( )exp( )
OR
O
GkT anFE
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=
54
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D e?ù?
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èèêèQ?
¥?Y
0
(1 )
exp
a
anFE
i
RT
=
HJ
0
exp
c
anFE
i
RT
=
JG
exp( )
c
cO
anFE
inFkC
RT
=?
G
0
aaR
inFkC=
HJ
0
ccO
inFkC=
JG
?y1
(1 )
exp[ ]
aaR
anFE
inFkC
RT
=
HJ
55
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D e?ù?
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èèêèQ?
¥?Y
0
2.3 2.3
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(1 ) (1 )
aa
RT RT
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anF anF
=? +

HJ
HJ
0
2.3 2.3
lg lg
c
c
RT RT
Eii
anF anF
=? +
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G
E
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E
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lg i
lg i
c
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lg i
a
lg i
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56
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D e?ù?
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e
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0
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RT RT
E EE i i
anF anF
η =? ==? +

HJ
HJ
0
2.3 2.3
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c
ce c
RT RT
EE E i i
anF anF
η =?=?=? +
JG
G
L=

üèê
H
00
0ac
iii= =
HJJG
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@
á
0
0
2.3 2.3 2.3
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(1 ) (1 ) (1 )
a
aa
iRT RT RT
ii
anF anF anF i
η =? + =

HJ
HJ
0
0
2.3 2.3 2.3
lg lg lg
c
cc
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ii
anF anF anF i
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57
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D e?ù?
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èD??¥'? ?D?
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T
0
(1 )
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a
a
anF
ii
RT
η?
=
HJ
0
exp
c
c
anF
ii
RT
η
=
JG
+
a
+
c
E
e
lg i
lg i
0
2.3RT
anF
lg i
a
lg i
c
2.3
(1 )
RT
anF?
58
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D e?ù?
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H¥? ?D
T
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á
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anF anF
iiii
RT RT
η η
=?=?
HJJG
0
(1 )
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cca c a
anF a nF
iiii
RT RT
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=?=?
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á
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++
a
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c
i
a
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c
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c
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c
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59
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D e?ù?
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+
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c
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c
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c
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a
i
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c
~i
c
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a
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c
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iii=?
JGHJ
60
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D e?ù?
i
?|v
j +
c
>100/n mV
ca
ii>>
JGHJ
ac
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HJJG
0
(1 )
exp( )
aa
anF
ii
RT
η
=
0
exp( )
cc
nF
ii
RT
α
η=
?èQ? <
H
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Vèê1?v ¥ f ?/Q??¥
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j +
a
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H |
a
0
2.3 2.3
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(1 ) (1 )
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ii
anF anF
η =? +

0
2.3 2.3
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cc
RT RT
ii
anF anF
η =? +
61
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D e?ù?
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óc:
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T,
ablgiη = +
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a
V

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μ1
b Tafel|
qDè?
1
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H
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lgi
+
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O
+
c
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62
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D e?ù?
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H
0
F
RT
iRi
inF
η ==
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H
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{úQ[ V¤
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@ i -W?L?1
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F
1E ??èE  i
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R
F
lQ?E ?l
lgi
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a
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0
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η=
63
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D e?ù?
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?èQ? D
H
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V u + D i -W;?
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lgi
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64
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D e?ù?
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[
¥? ?DZ?
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65
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D e?ù?
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èD e?¥a
K8"
0
(1 )
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MM
aa aM cM
anF anF
ii
RT RT
ηη
=?
L=a
K8"
a
Ká
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c

¥?èQ? ?4¥?èQ?
i
c
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i
a
E
e
M
E
e
O
E
corr
i
corr
i
corr
0
(1 )
[exp( ) exp( )]
OO
cc cO aO
anF a nF
ii
RT RT
ηη
=?

?èQ?¥Q?
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66
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D e?ù?
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K8"a
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corr
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e
M
?
4¥
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e
O
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{
00
(1 )
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e
MM M
aa aM a
a
anF EE
ii i
RT
η
β

==
exp( ) exp( )
e
OO O
cc cO c
c
anF E E
ii i
RT
η
β
c
OO
RT
anF
β =
(1 )
a
MM
RT
anF
β =
a
Ká
è¥Z?1
00
exp( ) exp( )
ee
OM
Aaca c
ac
E EEE
iiii i
ββ

=?=?
00
exp( ) exp( )
e e
O M
Ccac a
ca
EE EE
iiii i
ββ

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67
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D e?ù?
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? èê ?

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Kèê E
corr
()()
A corr C corr corr
iE iE i= =
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K8"
0,0,
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ee
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corr O M
ca
EE E E
ii i
ββ

==
()( )
ee
M corr corr M
EE EE E E?=? +?
?
()()
ee
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E EE E E E? =?+?
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68
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D e?ù?
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èD e?¥a
K8"
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ee
OM
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ac
E EEE
iiii i
ββ

=?=?
()( ) ( )()
exp( ) exp( )
ee
corr corr M O corr corr
ac
EE E E E E E E?++?
00
()()()()
exp exp exp exp
ee
corr M corr O corr corr
aa cc
EE EE EE EE
ii
ββ ββ

=?
exp exp
corr corr
corr corr
ac
E EEE
ii
ββ

=?
(exp exp )
corr corr
Ccor
ca
EE EE
ii
ββ

=?
[ (exp exp )
corr corr
Acor
ac
E EEE
ii
ββ

=?
] ?
69
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D e?ù?
i
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K8"
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exp
corr
acor
a
EE
ii i
β
==

|
exp
corr
ccor
c
EE
ii i
β
==
M
M
i
i
n
M ne M
+

+

HJJ
JJG
o
o
i
i
One R

+

HJ
JG
M
i
JJG
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M
i
HJJ
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70
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D e?ù?
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K8"
lgi
E
E
c
0
E
a
0
E
corr
lgi
corr
lgE ab i? =+
 < f ?/
@
óc:1"
ln ln
acoracoraA
EEE i iβ β? =? =? +
lg lg
acor aA
bi bi=?+
ln ln
ccor ccor cC
EE E i iβ β? =?=?
lg lg
ccor cC
bi bi=?
71
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D e?ù?
i
èD e?¥a
K8"
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(exp exp )
corr corr
Acor
ac
E EEE
ii
ββ

=?
L?Z?
T
[1 (1 )]
corr corr
corr
ac
E EEE
i
ββ
=+?+
()
ac
corr corr
ac
iEE
β β
β β
+
=?
2.3( )
ac
corr a
ac
bb
iE
bb
+
=?
2.3( )
ac A
a
ac cor
bb i
E
bb i
= ×
+
2.3( )
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c
ac cor
bb i
E
bb i
=? ×
+

E - E
corr
l
x<<1 e
x
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72
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D e?ù?
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èD e?¥a
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ac
ac
bb
B
bb
=
+
//
corr
aa cc P
B BB
i
E iEiR
== =

ac
P
E E
R
ii

==?
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a
K
i
corr
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H¥èE?Q1
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K
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73
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l2
L=a
K8"
a
Ká
è
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lgEabi? =+
óc:Z?
± f ?/
L?Z?
corr
i
EB
i

74
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D e?ù?
i
L= (
a
K8"?¥? ?D?¨
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a
Ká
Q? ?4¥|
Q???á
V
?
^ (
s?¥
accor
iii= =
75
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D e?ù?
i
èD e?¥ (
a
K? ?D
0,0,
exp( ) exp( )
ee
ccor cor a
corr c a
ca
EE E E
ii i
ββ

==
0,0,
ln ln
ee
corr corr
corr c c a a
ii
EE Eββ=? =+
0,0,
ln ln
ee
corr corr
cac a
ca
ii
EEββ?= +
0,0,
ln ln
ee
ccor acorca
ca c ca a ca
iiEEββ
β β ββ
+=
++ +
0,0,
ln ln ln
ee
caca
corr c a
ca ca ca
E E
iii
ββ
β β ββ
=++
++ +
-
X?
0,0,
ee
caca
ca ca ca
E E
corr c a
ii i e
ββ
β βββ
+++
=
76
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K??ìa

D e?ù?
i
?¨ 1
0,0,
ee
caca
ca ca ca
EE
corr c a
ii i e
ββ
β βββ
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=
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a
K8"¥a
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@
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corr

Q?|Q?¥?Dè
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corr
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0,a
i
0,c
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K
lgi
E
E
e
c
i
corr,1
i
corr,2
E
e
a
i
0,a,1
i
0,a,2
77
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D e?ù?
i
?¨ 2
0,0,
ee
caca
ca ca ca
EE
corr c a
ii i e
ββ
β βββββ
+++
=
? e?¥ (
a
K8"¥a
Kè
@
ái
corr

? ?D?
&
a
a&
c
v i
corr
l
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corr,1
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