Structure of Hybrid Drive
Classification of Hybrid Drive
Toyota Prius Hybrid Drive System
Principles of Operation
Hybrid Control Modes
HYBRID DRIVE
07 LEXUS GS 450H HYBRID
07 HONDA
ACCORD
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 HONDA ACCORD HYBRID
07
TOYOTA
CAMRY
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 TOYOTA CAMRY HYBRID
07 FORD
ESCAPE
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 FORD ESCAPE HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
1,incentive [in'sentiv] n.鼓励，刺激； a.激励的
2,eligible ['elibl] a.符合条件的,合格的
3,deduction [di'd?k∫?n] n.减除,扣除,减除额
4,longstanding [‘l’st?ndi?] 长时间的
5,one-time [‘w?ntaim]一次性的，一切全包的；从前的，一度的
6,massive ['m? siv] a.大量的，大规模的,大块的
7,prestigious [?pres'ti:ds] a.享有美誉的,声望很高的
8,abnormality [ bn?:'m? liti] n.变态，异常
9,fail-safe ['feilseif] a.故障保险（的），失效保护
10,intact [in‘t?kt] a.完整无缺的,完好的
11,revenue ['revinju:] n.收入,国家的收入,税收 ⊿
Hybrid Drive
2/23
A gasoline car produces a relatively large amount of
pollutant and generally gets poor gas mileage,An electric
car,however,produces almost no pollution,but it can only
go 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km) between charges,and
is very slow and inconvenient to recharge.
A gasoline-electric car combines these two setups into one
system that levers both gas power and electric power.
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a hybrid concept vehicle ⊿
Hybrid Drive
3/23
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a hybrid concept vehicle 4/23
※
Structure of Hybrid Drive
Gasoline-electric hybrid cars contain the following parts:
Gasoline engine - The hybrid car has a gasoline engine much like
the one you will find on most cars,However,the engine on a hybrid
is smaller and uses advanced technologies to reduce emissions and
increase efficiency.
Fuel tank - The fuel tank in a hybrid is the energy storage device for
the gasoline engine,Gasoline has a much higher energy density
than batteries do,For example,it takes about 1,000 pounds of
batteries to store as much energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gasoline.
Electric motor - The electric motor on a hybrid car is very
sophisticated,Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as
well as a generator,For example,when it needs to,it can draw
energy from the batteries to accelerate the car,But acting as a
generator,it can slow the car down and return energy to the
batteries,⊿
Hybrid Drive
5/23
Generator - The generator is similar to an electric motor,
but it acts only to produce electrical power,It is used
mostly on series hybrids.
Batteries - The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy
storage device for the electric motor,Unlike the gasoline in
the fuel tank,which can only power the gasoline engine,
the electric motor on a hybrid car can put energy into the
batteries as well as draw energy from them.
Transmission - The transmission on a hybrid car performs
the same basic function as the transmission on a
conventional car [1],Some hybrids,like the Honda Insight,
have conventional transmissions,Others,like the Toyota
Prius,have radically different ones,which we'll talk about
later,⊿
Hybrid Drive
6/23
radically ['r?dik?li] ad,完全，根本上
NOTES TO THE TEXT [1]
The transmission on a hybrid car performs the same
basic function as the transmission on a conventional
car.
混合动力汽车变速器执行与普通汽车变速器相同的基本功能。
(translation sequence,Red-Green-Blue-Brown)
混合动力汽车变速器的基本功能与普通汽车变速器相同 。
※
Hybrid Drive
Classification of Hybrid Drive
You can combine the two power sources found in a hybrid
car in different ways,One way,known as a parallel hybrid,
has a fuel tank that supplies gasoline to the engine and a
set of batteries that supplies power to the electric motor.
Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time,and the transmission then
turns the wheels.
In a typical parallel hybrid (Fig.2),the gas engine
connects to the transmission,The batteries and electric
motor also connect to the transmission independently,As
a result,in a parallel hybrid,both the electric motor and
the gas engine can provide propulsion power,⊿
Hybrid Drive
7/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.2
parallel
hybrid
system
Hybrid Drive
9/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.3
Series
Hybrid
System
Hybrid Drive
9/23
Fig.4
Series
Parallel
Hybrid
System
Hybrid Drive
10/23
Toyota Prius Hybrid Drive System
Principles of Operation
Toyota has produced the world‘s first mass produced hybrid automobile,The
hybrid system is the wave of the future,and now there are more incentives
to purchase one,Owners of the Prius or any other hybrid gas-and-electric
vehicle,may be eligible for a federal income tax deduction,According to the
Internal Revenue Service,hybrid vehicles qualify for a longstanding tax
deduction that applies to vehicles powered by clean-burning fuels,The policy
allows a one-time deduction which can be claimed by the consumer for the
year the car was first put in use [2].
In its simplest form,a hybrid system combines the best operating
characteristics of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,More
sophisticated hybrid systems,such the Toyota hybrid system,recover energy
otherwise lost to heat in the brakes and use it to supplement the power of its
fuel-burning engine,These sophisticated techniques allow the Toyota hybrid
system to achieve superior fuel efficiency and a massive reduction in CO2,⊿
Hybrid Drive
11/23income tax 所得税 Internal Revenue Service 美国国内税务局
NOTES TO THE TEXT [2]
The policy allows a one-time deduction which
can be claimed by the consumer for the year
the car was first put in use.
分析,有三个简单句子译文,这个政策还允许用户在车辆初次投入使用的那一年，申请一次性免税。
Hybrid Drive
Upon its release in 2001,the Prius was selected as the
world's best engineered passenger car,The car was
chosen because it is the first hybrid vehicle that holds
four to five people and their luggage,It is also one of
the most economical and environmentally friendly
vehicles available,In 2004 the second generation Prius
won the prestigious Motor Trend Car of the Year
Award.
The Toyota Hybrid SystemⅡ (THS-Ⅱ ) powertrain in the
second generation Prius provides impressive EPA fuel
economy numbers-60 mpg in city and 51 mpg in
highway,and meets the AT-PZEV specifications,⊿
Hybrid Drive
12/23
release 发布，发布的材料
AT-PZEV=advanced technology partial time zero emission vehicle 先进技术部分时间零排放车辆 60 mpg = 3.9L/100km 51 mpg =4.6L/100km
Fig.5 Toyota Hybrid Drive System Configuration
Hybrid Drive
13/23
14/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.6 The main components of Toyota Prius hybrid system 15/23
The main components of the hybrid system are IC engine,motor
generator 1 (MG1),motor generator 2 (MG2),planetary gear set,
inverter,HV battery and HV ECU,see Figure6,
The 1NZ-FXE 1.5-liter gasoline engine employs VVT-i variable valve
timing and ETCS-i electronic throttle control,Motor generator 1
(MG1) operates as the control element for the power splitting
planetary gear set,It also supplies electrical power to drive motor
generator 2 (MG2),MG1 effectively controls the continuously
variable transmission function of the transaxle and operates as the
engine starter,MG2 is used for motive force at low speeds and
supplemental force at high speeds,It provides power assist to the
engine output as needed and helps the vehicle achieve excellent
dynamic performance,It also functions as a generator during
regenerative braking,⊿
Hybrid Drive
16/23
The planetary gear unit is a power splitting device.
MG1 is connected to the sun gear,MG2 is connected to
the ring gear and the engine output shaft is connected
to the planet carrier,These components are used to
combine power delivery from the engine and MG2 and
to recover energy to the HV battery,Current between
MG1,MG2 and the HV battery is controlled by the
inverter,The inverter converts high-voltage battery DC
to AC power and it rectifies high-voltage AC from MG1
and MG2 to recharge the high-voltage battery.
The battery stores power recovered by MG2 during
regenerative braking and power generated by MG1.
The battery supplies power to the electric motor when
starting off or when additional power is required,⊿
Hybrid Drive
17/23
When starting off and traveling at low speeds,MG2 provides
the primary motive force,The engine may start immediately if
the HV battery state-of-charge (SOC) is low,As speed
increases above 15 to 20 mph the engine will start.
When driving under normal conditions the engine's energy is
divided into two paths; a portion drives the wheels and a
portion drives MG1 to produce electricity,The HV ECU
controls the energy distribution ratio for maximum efficiency.
During full acceleration power generated by the engine and
MG1 is supplemented by power from the HV battery,Engine
torque combined with MG2 torque delivers the power required
to accelerate the vehicle,⊿
Hybrid Drive
18/23
During deceleration or braking the wheels drive MG2.
MG2 acts as a generator for regenerative power
recovery,The recovered energy from braking is stored
in the HV battery pack.
The inverter converts the high voltage direct current of
the HV battery into three-phase alternating current of
MG1 and MG2.
The boost converter boosts the nominal voltage of DC
201.6V that is output by the HV battery to the
maximum voltage of DC 500V.
On the '04 Prius and later,the THS-II generator
outputs at nominal voltage of DC 201.6V,The converter
is used to transform the voltage from DC 201.6V to DC
12V in order to recharge the auxiliary battery,⊿
Hybrid Drive
19/23
An A/C inverter,which supplies power for driving the
electric inverter compressor of the A/C system,has been
included in the inverter assembly,This inverter converts the
HV battery's nominal voltage of DC 201.6V into AC 201.6V
and supplies power to operate the compressor of the A/C
system.
Hybrid Control Modes
The hybrid system uses various modes to achieve the most
efficient operation in response to the driving conditions.
Starting Out
When starting out under light load and light throttle only
MG2 turns to provide power,The engine does not run and
the vehicle runs on electric power only,MG1 rotates
backwards and just idles; it does not generate electricity,⊿
Hybrid Drive
20/23
Normal Driving
Above approximately 14 mph during normal low-speed driving
the engine runs and provides power,MG2 turns and runs as a
motor and provides an electric assist,MG1 is turned in the
same direction by the engine as a generator and provides
electricity for MG2.
Deceleration and Braking
As soon as the accelerator pedal is released by the driver MG2
becomes a generator,MG2 is turned by the drive wheels and
generates electricity to recharge the HV battery,This process
is called regenerative braking,As the vehicle decelerates,the
engine stops running and MG1 turns backwards to maintain
the gear ratio,⊿
Hybrid Drive
21/23
When the brake pedal is depressed most of the initial
braking force comes from regenerative braking and the
force required to turn MG2 as a generator,The hydraulic
brakes provide more stopping power as the vehicle slows.
Reverse
When the vehicle moves in reverse,MG2 turns in reverse
as an electric motor,The engine does not run,MG1 turns
in the forward direction and just idles; it does not generate
electricity,⊿
Hybrid Drive
22/23
SUMMARY
TASKS
What are the three types of hybrid drives
Describe the operation modes of Prius
hybrid drive
23/23
Classification of Hybrid Drive
Toyota Prius Hybrid Drive System
Principles of Operation
Hybrid Control Modes
HYBRID DRIVE
07 LEXUS GS 450H HYBRID
07 HONDA
ACCORD
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 HONDA ACCORD HYBRID
07
TOYOTA
CAMRY
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 TOYOTA CAMRY HYBRID
07 FORD
ESCAPE
HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
07 FORD ESCAPE HYBRID
Hybrid Drive
1,incentive [in'sentiv] n.鼓励，刺激； a.激励的
2,eligible ['elibl] a.符合条件的,合格的
3,deduction [di'd?k∫?n] n.减除,扣除,减除额
4,longstanding [‘l’st?ndi?] 长时间的
5,one-time [‘w?ntaim]一次性的，一切全包的；从前的，一度的
6,massive ['m? siv] a.大量的，大规模的,大块的
7,prestigious [?pres'ti:ds] a.享有美誉的,声望很高的
8,abnormality [ bn?:'m? liti] n.变态，异常
9,fail-safe ['feilseif] a.故障保险（的），失效保护
10,intact [in‘t?kt] a.完整无缺的,完好的
11,revenue ['revinju:] n.收入,国家的收入,税收 ⊿
Hybrid Drive
2/23
A gasoline car produces a relatively large amount of
pollutant and generally gets poor gas mileage,An electric
car,however,produces almost no pollution,but it can only
go 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km) between charges,and
is very slow and inconvenient to recharge.
A gasoline-electric car combines these two setups into one
system that levers both gas power and electric power.
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a hybrid concept vehicle ⊿
Hybrid Drive
3/23
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a hybrid concept vehicle 4/23
※
Structure of Hybrid Drive
Gasoline-electric hybrid cars contain the following parts:
Gasoline engine - The hybrid car has a gasoline engine much like
the one you will find on most cars,However,the engine on a hybrid
is smaller and uses advanced technologies to reduce emissions and
increase efficiency.
Fuel tank - The fuel tank in a hybrid is the energy storage device for
the gasoline engine,Gasoline has a much higher energy density
than batteries do,For example,it takes about 1,000 pounds of
batteries to store as much energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gasoline.
Electric motor - The electric motor on a hybrid car is very
sophisticated,Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as
well as a generator,For example,when it needs to,it can draw
energy from the batteries to accelerate the car,But acting as a
generator,it can slow the car down and return energy to the
batteries,⊿
Hybrid Drive
5/23
Generator - The generator is similar to an electric motor,
but it acts only to produce electrical power,It is used
mostly on series hybrids.
Batteries - The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy
storage device for the electric motor,Unlike the gasoline in
the fuel tank,which can only power the gasoline engine,
the electric motor on a hybrid car can put energy into the
batteries as well as draw energy from them.
Transmission - The transmission on a hybrid car performs
the same basic function as the transmission on a
conventional car [1],Some hybrids,like the Honda Insight,
have conventional transmissions,Others,like the Toyota
Prius,have radically different ones,which we'll talk about
later,⊿
Hybrid Drive
6/23
radically ['r?dik?li] ad,完全，根本上
NOTES TO THE TEXT [1]
The transmission on a hybrid car performs the same
basic function as the transmission on a conventional
car.
混合动力汽车变速器执行与普通汽车变速器相同的基本功能。
(translation sequence,Red-Green-Blue-Brown)
混合动力汽车变速器的基本功能与普通汽车变速器相同 。
※
Hybrid Drive
Classification of Hybrid Drive
You can combine the two power sources found in a hybrid
car in different ways,One way,known as a parallel hybrid,
has a fuel tank that supplies gasoline to the engine and a
set of batteries that supplies power to the electric motor.
Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time,and the transmission then
turns the wheels.
In a typical parallel hybrid (Fig.2),the gas engine
connects to the transmission,The batteries and electric
motor also connect to the transmission independently,As
a result,in a parallel hybrid,both the electric motor and
the gas engine can provide propulsion power,⊿
Hybrid Drive
7/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.2
parallel
hybrid
system
Hybrid Drive
9/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.3
Series
Hybrid
System
Hybrid Drive
9/23
Fig.4
Series
Parallel
Hybrid
System
Hybrid Drive
10/23
Toyota Prius Hybrid Drive System
Principles of Operation
Toyota has produced the world‘s first mass produced hybrid automobile,The
hybrid system is the wave of the future,and now there are more incentives
to purchase one,Owners of the Prius or any other hybrid gas-and-electric
vehicle,may be eligible for a federal income tax deduction,According to the
Internal Revenue Service,hybrid vehicles qualify for a longstanding tax
deduction that applies to vehicles powered by clean-burning fuels,The policy
allows a one-time deduction which can be claimed by the consumer for the
year the car was first put in use [2].
In its simplest form,a hybrid system combines the best operating
characteristics of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,More
sophisticated hybrid systems,such the Toyota hybrid system,recover energy
otherwise lost to heat in the brakes and use it to supplement the power of its
fuel-burning engine,These sophisticated techniques allow the Toyota hybrid
system to achieve superior fuel efficiency and a massive reduction in CO2,⊿
Hybrid Drive
11/23income tax 所得税 Internal Revenue Service 美国国内税务局
NOTES TO THE TEXT [2]
The policy allows a one-time deduction which
can be claimed by the consumer for the year
the car was first put in use.
分析,有三个简单句子译文,这个政策还允许用户在车辆初次投入使用的那一年，申请一次性免税。
Hybrid Drive
Upon its release in 2001,the Prius was selected as the
world's best engineered passenger car,The car was
chosen because it is the first hybrid vehicle that holds
four to five people and their luggage,It is also one of
the most economical and environmentally friendly
vehicles available,In 2004 the second generation Prius
won the prestigious Motor Trend Car of the Year
Award.
The Toyota Hybrid SystemⅡ (THS-Ⅱ ) powertrain in the
second generation Prius provides impressive EPA fuel
economy numbers-60 mpg in city and 51 mpg in
highway,and meets the AT-PZEV specifications,⊿
Hybrid Drive
12/23
release 发布，发布的材料
AT-PZEV=advanced technology partial time zero emission vehicle 先进技术部分时间零排放车辆 60 mpg = 3.9L/100km 51 mpg =4.6L/100km
Fig.5 Toyota Hybrid Drive System Configuration
Hybrid Drive
13/23
14/23
Automotive CAN
Fig.6 The main components of Toyota Prius hybrid system 15/23
The main components of the hybrid system are IC engine,motor
generator 1 (MG1),motor generator 2 (MG2),planetary gear set,
inverter,HV battery and HV ECU,see Figure6,
The 1NZ-FXE 1.5-liter gasoline engine employs VVT-i variable valve
timing and ETCS-i electronic throttle control,Motor generator 1
(MG1) operates as the control element for the power splitting
planetary gear set,It also supplies electrical power to drive motor
generator 2 (MG2),MG1 effectively controls the continuously
variable transmission function of the transaxle and operates as the
engine starter,MG2 is used for motive force at low speeds and
supplemental force at high speeds,It provides power assist to the
engine output as needed and helps the vehicle achieve excellent
dynamic performance,It also functions as a generator during
regenerative braking,⊿
Hybrid Drive
16/23
The planetary gear unit is a power splitting device.
MG1 is connected to the sun gear,MG2 is connected to
the ring gear and the engine output shaft is connected
to the planet carrier,These components are used to
combine power delivery from the engine and MG2 and
to recover energy to the HV battery,Current between
MG1,MG2 and the HV battery is controlled by the
inverter,The inverter converts high-voltage battery DC
to AC power and it rectifies high-voltage AC from MG1
and MG2 to recharge the high-voltage battery.
The battery stores power recovered by MG2 during
regenerative braking and power generated by MG1.
The battery supplies power to the electric motor when
starting off or when additional power is required,⊿
Hybrid Drive
17/23
When starting off and traveling at low speeds,MG2 provides
the primary motive force,The engine may start immediately if
the HV battery state-of-charge (SOC) is low,As speed
increases above 15 to 20 mph the engine will start.
When driving under normal conditions the engine's energy is
divided into two paths; a portion drives the wheels and a
portion drives MG1 to produce electricity,The HV ECU
controls the energy distribution ratio for maximum efficiency.
During full acceleration power generated by the engine and
MG1 is supplemented by power from the HV battery,Engine
torque combined with MG2 torque delivers the power required
to accelerate the vehicle,⊿
Hybrid Drive
18/23
During deceleration or braking the wheels drive MG2.
MG2 acts as a generator for regenerative power
recovery,The recovered energy from braking is stored
in the HV battery pack.
The inverter converts the high voltage direct current of
the HV battery into three-phase alternating current of
MG1 and MG2.
The boost converter boosts the nominal voltage of DC
201.6V that is output by the HV battery to the
maximum voltage of DC 500V.
On the '04 Prius and later,the THS-II generator
outputs at nominal voltage of DC 201.6V,The converter
is used to transform the voltage from DC 201.6V to DC
12V in order to recharge the auxiliary battery,⊿
Hybrid Drive
19/23
An A/C inverter,which supplies power for driving the
electric inverter compressor of the A/C system,has been
included in the inverter assembly,This inverter converts the
HV battery's nominal voltage of DC 201.6V into AC 201.6V
and supplies power to operate the compressor of the A/C
system.
Hybrid Control Modes
The hybrid system uses various modes to achieve the most
efficient operation in response to the driving conditions.
Starting Out
When starting out under light load and light throttle only
MG2 turns to provide power,The engine does not run and
the vehicle runs on electric power only,MG1 rotates
backwards and just idles; it does not generate electricity,⊿
Hybrid Drive
20/23
Normal Driving
Above approximately 14 mph during normal low-speed driving
the engine runs and provides power,MG2 turns and runs as a
motor and provides an electric assist,MG1 is turned in the
same direction by the engine as a generator and provides
electricity for MG2.
Deceleration and Braking
As soon as the accelerator pedal is released by the driver MG2
becomes a generator,MG2 is turned by the drive wheels and
generates electricity to recharge the HV battery,This process
is called regenerative braking,As the vehicle decelerates,the
engine stops running and MG1 turns backwards to maintain
the gear ratio,⊿
Hybrid Drive
21/23
When the brake pedal is depressed most of the initial
braking force comes from regenerative braking and the
force required to turn MG2 as a generator,The hydraulic
brakes provide more stopping power as the vehicle slows.
Reverse
When the vehicle moves in reverse,MG2 turns in reverse
as an electric motor,The engine does not run,MG1 turns
in the forward direction and just idles; it does not generate
electricity,⊿
Hybrid Drive
22/23
SUMMARY
TASKS
What are the three types of hybrid drives
Describe the operation modes of Prius
hybrid drive
23/23
