UNIT3
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
TEXT C
Troubleshooting the EFI System
PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
UNIT 3
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
TEXT B
Troubleshooting the EFI System
Engine Condition
Electrical System
Intake Air Leakage
Translation Techniques(3)—词类转换本次课学习内容本次课学习目标
掌握 EFI系统的故障诊断方法
掌握常用术语，了解相关术语
掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译能力
NEW WORDS
troubleshoot ['tr?bl∫u:t] v.排除故障
tightness ['taitnis] n.坚固，紧密
integrity [in'tegriti] n.完整性
concentrate ['k?ns?ntreit] v.集中
tune-up ['tju:n-?p] n.调整
tackle ['t?kl] v.捉住，从事，对付
dipstick ['dipstik] n.机油尺
canister ['k?nist?] n.罐
purge [p?:?] n,& v.排污，排空，清除
clog [kl?g] v.堵塞，妨碍； n.障碍（物）
faulty ['f?:lti] a.报废的，无用的，出故障的，
vent [vent] v.通风
crankcase['krkeis] n.曲轴箱
probe [proub] n.探索，探针，探头，取样器
meter ['mi:t?] v.计量，测量
proceed [pr?'si:d] v.（着手，继续）进行
symptom ['simpt?m] n.症状，征兆
continuity [k?nti'njuiti] n.连通，连续性
leakage ['li:ki?] n.泄漏
hesitation [hezi'tei∫?n] n.迟缓，断续工作
surge [s?:?] n.(发动机）喘振，波动，颤抖
clamp ['kl?mp] n.夹（具，板，子），夹紧装置；卡箍（子）
diaphragm ['dai?fr?m] n.膜片
soapy ['soupi]a.圆滑的，滑腻的
squirt ['skw?:t]v.喷出
gasket ['g?skit]n.衬垫
styrofoam ['stair?foum]n.聚苯乙烯泡沫（塑料）
vapor canister 蒸气罐
canister purge valve 炭罐排污阀，炭罐清空阀
false air 从窑炉各处缝隙吸入（炉内）的空气
vacuum hose 真空软管
brake booster 制动助力器
leak detector 检漏器,检漏剂
start by +ing 打 … 开始，（一）开始就（做）
strange as it may sound 听 [说 ]起来也许奇怪
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
Troubleshooting the EFI System
The basic function of the fuel injection system is to supply
and meter the correct amount of fuel to the engine in proportion
to the amount of air being drawn into the engine to achieve the
optimum air-fuel mixture,Any problems with electrical
connections,air intake sensing,or fuel supply will cause poor
running.
Any troubleshooting should begin with simple and easy
checks of the tightness of system wiring and the integrity of the
air intake system,Proceed from there to more involved
troubleshooting.
Generally,fuel injection problems fall into one of four
symptom categories,cold start,cold running,warm running,
and hot start,Warm running is the most basic condition,Before
troubleshooting a condition in any other category,make sure
that the system is working well and is properly adjusted for
warm running.
To simplify troubleshooting,concentrate on the sensors
and components that adapt fuel metering for a particular
condition,For example,if the engine will not start when cold,
the components responsible for cold start enrichment are
most likely at fault,and should be tested first.
Engine Condition
The fuel injection system is set to operate on an engine that
is in good operating condition,Because the fuel injection
system is often the "new item",some people waste time
checking it when the trouble may be with basic engine
operation,It is a good idea to use the car manufacturer's
shop manual to perform a tune-up,and to check the following
systems before tackling the fuel injection system.
1,Ignition system,Check timing,including advance and
retard control,ignition components and spark quality.
2,Electrical system,Check battery condition and
connections,and alternator and voltage regulator.
3,Air intake system,Check the air filter,PCV and crankcase
connections,and the evaporative emission connections,A
loose oil-filler cap or dipstick can lean the mixture by admitting
extra air to the intake manifold through the PCV valve,The
vapor canister can enrich the mixture by admitting fuel vapors
into the intake manifold through the canister purge valve.
4,Fuel system,A clogged filter may reduce fuel flow,A faulty
fuel filler cap or tank vent valve may create gas tank vacuum
and reduce fuel flow,Be sure the car has fuel in the tank.
5,Mechanical operation,Check grade and condition of
crankcase oil,compression; valve timing,and the exhaust
system.
Electrical System
Whenever working on the wiring,take care to avoid bending
any pins or connectors,Use flat pin probes if possible,Inserting
the probes of a voltmeter or ohmmeter too far into a wiring
connector may spread the contacts and create a new problem.
Relay Set and System Power
A faulty relay set may prevent the fuel pump from operating,
or prevent power from reaching the control unit,Remove the
connector from the relay set,and with the ignition on,check for
voltage at the terminals of the connector,If there is voltage,
then the relay set is probably faulty,but check the continuity of
the wiring to the pump and control unit.
Wiring Harness,Connections and Grounds
Strange as it may seem,the components of pulsed systems
usually give less trouble than the wiring harnesses and
connectors that link them,Even small amounts of corrosion or
oxidation at the connector terminals can interfere with the small
milliamp currents that signal the system to operate,This
problem is compounded by the several ground paths provided
to insure reliable operation,More than one owner of a "bad"
control unit or component has paid for replacement when the
problem was in the wiring,In many cases,cleaning connectors
and grounds may solve fuel injection problems.
Identify all wiring connectors and ground locations using the
shop manual,The ground locations should be secure and free
from corrosion or grease and oil,With the ignition off,
disconnect the wiring connectors,including the control unit
connector,and also check them for corrosion or dirt,Simply
disconnecting and reconnecting the connectors will clean up the
contacts,but you can also use a contact cleaner designed for
electronic components.
Don't forget to check for breaks or shorts in the wiring
harness,A fuel injector or temperature sensor may be good,but
the wiring to the control unit may be faulty,You can check this
using an ohmmeter,With the ignition off,disconnect the control
unit connector and test for continuity between the component
terminals and the corresponding terminals at the control unit
connector,A reading of zero ohms or very close to it indicates
that the wiring is fine.
Some electrical tests of the components can be combined
with tests of the wiring harness by removing the control unit
connector and then testing between the two pins that lead to a
component [1].
Intake Air Leakage
Another likely cause of trouble in pulsed systems is air leaks
between the air-flow sensor and the intake valves,These leaks
are often called "false air" because it is air that has not been
measured by the air-flow sensor,As a result,the control unit
may not provide fuel to burn with the excess air,leading to a
lean condition and driveability or emission problems,These
are often indicated by hesitation when the engine is cold,or
surging at idle,Note that on systems with adaptive control
false air is rarely a problem unless the leak is very large.
False Air Checks
If you suspect an air intake leak,there are many possible
sources,The soft rubber ductwork can crack and split with
age and under-hood heat,Check clamps for tightness,
Don't forget the vacuum hoses to the brake booster,the
fuel pressure regulator,the evaporative fuel control system,
and other places,such as vacuum diaphragms in the
heater system inside the car,Check the intake manifold
connection to the cylinder head,fuel injector seals,the
auxiliary air valve,and the EGR valve,if fitted,Check
openings to the crankcase,such as the dipstick,PCV valve,
and oil-filler cap for air-tight fits,Check anything
downstream of the air-flow sensor that could leak air into
the system.
Check for leaks by pressurizing the intake system with air
and then spraying a leak detector on the suspected area,An
air hose inserted into the fitting for the auxiliary air valve or
the idle speed stabilizer can be used to apply low pressure;
only about 0.3 bar (5 psi) is needed,A spray bottle of soapy
water can serve as a leak detector,Block the throttle so that
it's open,Any bubbles will indicate a leak,Also listen for the
sound of escaping air,You may have to plug the air-flow
sensor intake and the exhaust tailpipe to hold enough
pressure in the system.
NOTE
On systems with an air-mass sensor,it is necessary to
block the sensor inlet to hold any pressure in the system,A
styrofoam coffee cup clamped in the air-mass sensor inlet
makes a handy temporary plug.
An alternate leak-detection method involves squirting
solvent around suspected leak locations with the engine idling,
An rpm increase indicates a leak,Be sure to use an approved
solvent with a high-temperature flashpoint,You can also use
propane,which tends to be drawn in better than solvent.
Remember though,if the engine has an idle-speed stabilizer,
it will ask any rpm increase,If you can sample CO in the
exhaust ahead of the catalytic converter,look for CO increase
some seconds after applying the solvent as an indication of an
air leak.
To correct a leak,start by tightening clamps; you might
have to replace the hose or ducting,or replace a gasket,
Remember,it's the small intake air leaks that cause trouble,
where the engine runs,but poorly[2],If there's a big air leak,
the engine probably won't run at all.
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换将英语中的某一词类翻译成汉语中的另一词类，这就是词类转换。
1,转译成动词将英语中的分词、不定式、动名词和具有 动作含义的 动词派生的名词、形容词和副 词 等 翻译成 汉语中的 动词，甚至是谓语 。
例 1：
As a result,these systems offer the following advantages:
· greater power by avoiding venturi losses as in a
carburetor,and by allowing the use of tuned intake runners
for better torque characteristics
·increased fuel economy by avoiding condensation of fuel
on interior walls of the intake manifold (manifold wetting)
因此，这些系统具有下列优点：
·由于消除了化油器的喉管节流损失，以及利用调谐进气管而获得了更好的转矩特性，而 提高 了功率。（ 形容词 转译成动词）
·由于避免了燃油蒸气在进气歧管内壁上冷凝（进气歧管湿润）,提高 了燃油经济性。（ 过去分词 转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换例 2：
Engine control can be based on actual needs of each
engine model based on large amounts of engine-test data
stored in the Motronic Read Only Memory (ROM).
根据 Motronic系统中存储的大量的发动机试验数据，就能够按照每个发动机机型的实际需要,对 发动机 进行控制 。
（含有动作意味的 名词 转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换例 3：
The shorter block permits a reduction in vehicle length
with no sacrifice in passenger room.
气缸体的缩短可 减小 汽车的长度，而不会影响容纳乘客的车内空间。（动词派生的名词转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换
2,转译成名词主要有这样几种情况,将被动语态中的动词转译成名词，
将形容词转译成名词，将部分名词派生的动词以及名词转用的动词转译成名词，将副词转译成名词。
例 1：
In the electronic injection system,the air-fuel mixture is
controlled in one of two ways.
在电子控制燃油喷射系统中，空气 -燃油混合气的 控制 有两种方式。（ 被动语态中的谓语动词转译成名词 ）
例 2：
A faulty fuel tank vent valve may create gas tank vacuum
and reduce fuel flow.
燃油箱通风阀的 失效 会使燃油箱内形成真空，从而减小燃油流量。（ 形容词转译成名词 ）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换
3,转译成形容词有些形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。
例 1：
Any troubleshooting should begin with simple and easy
checks of the tightness of system wiring and the integrity of
the air intake system.
排除任何故障都应从一些简单易行的检查项目开始，如系统线路连接是否 松动 和进气系统是否 完好 。（形容词派生的名词转译成形容词）
小结
Engine Condition
Electrical System
Intake Air Leakage
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换作业
熟记相关专业词汇
P73 EXERCIES Ⅰ & Ⅱ
练习运用词类转换
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
TEXT C
Troubleshooting the EFI System
PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
UNIT 3
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
TEXT B
Troubleshooting the EFI System
Engine Condition
Electrical System
Intake Air Leakage
Translation Techniques(3)—词类转换本次课学习内容本次课学习目标
掌握 EFI系统的故障诊断方法
掌握常用术语，了解相关术语
掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译能力
NEW WORDS
troubleshoot ['tr?bl∫u:t] v.排除故障
tightness ['taitnis] n.坚固，紧密
integrity [in'tegriti] n.完整性
concentrate ['k?ns?ntreit] v.集中
tune-up ['tju:n-?p] n.调整
tackle ['t?kl] v.捉住，从事，对付
dipstick ['dipstik] n.机油尺
canister ['k?nist?] n.罐
purge [p?:?] n,& v.排污，排空，清除
clog [kl?g] v.堵塞，妨碍； n.障碍（物）
faulty ['f?:lti] a.报废的，无用的，出故障的，
vent [vent] v.通风
crankcase['krkeis] n.曲轴箱
probe [proub] n.探索，探针，探头，取样器
meter ['mi:t?] v.计量，测量
proceed [pr?'si:d] v.（着手，继续）进行
symptom ['simpt?m] n.症状，征兆
continuity [k?nti'njuiti] n.连通，连续性
leakage ['li:ki?] n.泄漏
hesitation [hezi'tei∫?n] n.迟缓，断续工作
surge [s?:?] n.(发动机）喘振，波动，颤抖
clamp ['kl?mp] n.夹（具，板，子），夹紧装置；卡箍（子）
diaphragm ['dai?fr?m] n.膜片
soapy ['soupi]a.圆滑的，滑腻的
squirt ['skw?:t]v.喷出
gasket ['g?skit]n.衬垫
styrofoam ['stair?foum]n.聚苯乙烯泡沫（塑料）
vapor canister 蒸气罐
canister purge valve 炭罐排污阀，炭罐清空阀
false air 从窑炉各处缝隙吸入（炉内）的空气
vacuum hose 真空软管
brake booster 制动助力器
leak detector 检漏器,检漏剂
start by +ing 打 … 开始，（一）开始就（做）
strange as it may sound 听 [说 ]起来也许奇怪
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
Troubleshooting the EFI System
The basic function of the fuel injection system is to supply
and meter the correct amount of fuel to the engine in proportion
to the amount of air being drawn into the engine to achieve the
optimum air-fuel mixture,Any problems with electrical
connections,air intake sensing,or fuel supply will cause poor
running.
Any troubleshooting should begin with simple and easy
checks of the tightness of system wiring and the integrity of the
air intake system,Proceed from there to more involved
troubleshooting.
Generally,fuel injection problems fall into one of four
symptom categories,cold start,cold running,warm running,
and hot start,Warm running is the most basic condition,Before
troubleshooting a condition in any other category,make sure
that the system is working well and is properly adjusted for
warm running.
To simplify troubleshooting,concentrate on the sensors
and components that adapt fuel metering for a particular
condition,For example,if the engine will not start when cold,
the components responsible for cold start enrichment are
most likely at fault,and should be tested first.
Engine Condition
The fuel injection system is set to operate on an engine that
is in good operating condition,Because the fuel injection
system is often the "new item",some people waste time
checking it when the trouble may be with basic engine
operation,It is a good idea to use the car manufacturer's
shop manual to perform a tune-up,and to check the following
systems before tackling the fuel injection system.
1,Ignition system,Check timing,including advance and
retard control,ignition components and spark quality.
2,Electrical system,Check battery condition and
connections,and alternator and voltage regulator.
3,Air intake system,Check the air filter,PCV and crankcase
connections,and the evaporative emission connections,A
loose oil-filler cap or dipstick can lean the mixture by admitting
extra air to the intake manifold through the PCV valve,The
vapor canister can enrich the mixture by admitting fuel vapors
into the intake manifold through the canister purge valve.
4,Fuel system,A clogged filter may reduce fuel flow,A faulty
fuel filler cap or tank vent valve may create gas tank vacuum
and reduce fuel flow,Be sure the car has fuel in the tank.
5,Mechanical operation,Check grade and condition of
crankcase oil,compression; valve timing,and the exhaust
system.
Electrical System
Whenever working on the wiring,take care to avoid bending
any pins or connectors,Use flat pin probes if possible,Inserting
the probes of a voltmeter or ohmmeter too far into a wiring
connector may spread the contacts and create a new problem.
Relay Set and System Power
A faulty relay set may prevent the fuel pump from operating,
or prevent power from reaching the control unit,Remove the
connector from the relay set,and with the ignition on,check for
voltage at the terminals of the connector,If there is voltage,
then the relay set is probably faulty,but check the continuity of
the wiring to the pump and control unit.
Wiring Harness,Connections and Grounds
Strange as it may seem,the components of pulsed systems
usually give less trouble than the wiring harnesses and
connectors that link them,Even small amounts of corrosion or
oxidation at the connector terminals can interfere with the small
milliamp currents that signal the system to operate,This
problem is compounded by the several ground paths provided
to insure reliable operation,More than one owner of a "bad"
control unit or component has paid for replacement when the
problem was in the wiring,In many cases,cleaning connectors
and grounds may solve fuel injection problems.
Identify all wiring connectors and ground locations using the
shop manual,The ground locations should be secure and free
from corrosion or grease and oil,With the ignition off,
disconnect the wiring connectors,including the control unit
connector,and also check them for corrosion or dirt,Simply
disconnecting and reconnecting the connectors will clean up the
contacts,but you can also use a contact cleaner designed for
electronic components.
Don't forget to check for breaks or shorts in the wiring
harness,A fuel injector or temperature sensor may be good,but
the wiring to the control unit may be faulty,You can check this
using an ohmmeter,With the ignition off,disconnect the control
unit connector and test for continuity between the component
terminals and the corresponding terminals at the control unit
connector,A reading of zero ohms or very close to it indicates
that the wiring is fine.
Some electrical tests of the components can be combined
with tests of the wiring harness by removing the control unit
connector and then testing between the two pins that lead to a
component [1].
Intake Air Leakage
Another likely cause of trouble in pulsed systems is air leaks
between the air-flow sensor and the intake valves,These leaks
are often called "false air" because it is air that has not been
measured by the air-flow sensor,As a result,the control unit
may not provide fuel to burn with the excess air,leading to a
lean condition and driveability or emission problems,These
are often indicated by hesitation when the engine is cold,or
surging at idle,Note that on systems with adaptive control
false air is rarely a problem unless the leak is very large.
False Air Checks
If you suspect an air intake leak,there are many possible
sources,The soft rubber ductwork can crack and split with
age and under-hood heat,Check clamps for tightness,
Don't forget the vacuum hoses to the brake booster,the
fuel pressure regulator,the evaporative fuel control system,
and other places,such as vacuum diaphragms in the
heater system inside the car,Check the intake manifold
connection to the cylinder head,fuel injector seals,the
auxiliary air valve,and the EGR valve,if fitted,Check
openings to the crankcase,such as the dipstick,PCV valve,
and oil-filler cap for air-tight fits,Check anything
downstream of the air-flow sensor that could leak air into
the system.
Check for leaks by pressurizing the intake system with air
and then spraying a leak detector on the suspected area,An
air hose inserted into the fitting for the auxiliary air valve or
the idle speed stabilizer can be used to apply low pressure;
only about 0.3 bar (5 psi) is needed,A spray bottle of soapy
water can serve as a leak detector,Block the throttle so that
it's open,Any bubbles will indicate a leak,Also listen for the
sound of escaping air,You may have to plug the air-flow
sensor intake and the exhaust tailpipe to hold enough
pressure in the system.
NOTE
On systems with an air-mass sensor,it is necessary to
block the sensor inlet to hold any pressure in the system,A
styrofoam coffee cup clamped in the air-mass sensor inlet
makes a handy temporary plug.
An alternate leak-detection method involves squirting
solvent around suspected leak locations with the engine idling,
An rpm increase indicates a leak,Be sure to use an approved
solvent with a high-temperature flashpoint,You can also use
propane,which tends to be drawn in better than solvent.
Remember though,if the engine has an idle-speed stabilizer,
it will ask any rpm increase,If you can sample CO in the
exhaust ahead of the catalytic converter,look for CO increase
some seconds after applying the solvent as an indication of an
air leak.
To correct a leak,start by tightening clamps; you might
have to replace the hose or ducting,or replace a gasket,
Remember,it's the small intake air leaks that cause trouble,
where the engine runs,but poorly[2],If there's a big air leak,
the engine probably won't run at all.
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换将英语中的某一词类翻译成汉语中的另一词类，这就是词类转换。
1,转译成动词将英语中的分词、不定式、动名词和具有 动作含义的 动词派生的名词、形容词和副 词 等 翻译成 汉语中的 动词，甚至是谓语 。
例 1：
As a result,these systems offer the following advantages:
· greater power by avoiding venturi losses as in a
carburetor,and by allowing the use of tuned intake runners
for better torque characteristics
·increased fuel economy by avoiding condensation of fuel
on interior walls of the intake manifold (manifold wetting)
因此，这些系统具有下列优点：
·由于消除了化油器的喉管节流损失，以及利用调谐进气管而获得了更好的转矩特性，而 提高 了功率。（ 形容词 转译成动词）
·由于避免了燃油蒸气在进气歧管内壁上冷凝（进气歧管湿润）,提高 了燃油经济性。（ 过去分词 转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换例 2：
Engine control can be based on actual needs of each
engine model based on large amounts of engine-test data
stored in the Motronic Read Only Memory (ROM).
根据 Motronic系统中存储的大量的发动机试验数据，就能够按照每个发动机机型的实际需要,对 发动机 进行控制 。
（含有动作意味的 名词 转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换例 3：
The shorter block permits a reduction in vehicle length
with no sacrifice in passenger room.
气缸体的缩短可 减小 汽车的长度，而不会影响容纳乘客的车内空间。（动词派生的名词转译成动词）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换
2,转译成名词主要有这样几种情况,将被动语态中的动词转译成名词，
将形容词转译成名词，将部分名词派生的动词以及名词转用的动词转译成名词，将副词转译成名词。
例 1：
In the electronic injection system,the air-fuel mixture is
controlled in one of two ways.
在电子控制燃油喷射系统中，空气 -燃油混合气的 控制 有两种方式。（ 被动语态中的谓语动词转译成名词 ）
例 2：
A faulty fuel tank vent valve may create gas tank vacuum
and reduce fuel flow.
燃油箱通风阀的 失效 会使燃油箱内形成真空，从而减小燃油流量。（ 形容词转译成名词 ）
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换
3,转译成形容词有些形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。
例 1：
Any troubleshooting should begin with simple and easy
checks of the tightness of system wiring and the integrity of
the air intake system.
排除任何故障都应从一些简单易行的检查项目开始，如系统线路连接是否 松动 和进气系统是否 完好 。（形容词派生的名词转译成形容词）
小结
Engine Condition
Electrical System
Intake Air Leakage
Translation Techniques(3)— 词类转换作业
熟记相关专业词汇
P73 EXERCIES Ⅰ & Ⅱ
练习运用词类转换
