Definition
定义教学目的：讲解给词条下定义的要求，用句子下定义和用段落下定义的写作方法以及常用句型，通过适当练习，使学生掌握给词条准确具体地下定义的写作方法。
教学重点：1)用句子下定义及常用句型 2)用段落下定义的写作方法
教学难点：用段落下定义的写作方法
教学方法：教师讲授，配合问答及课堂练习等形式，引导学生积极参与课堂活动，巩固所学。
课前复习提示,
1．重点：1）比较与对比的段落的写作手法2）常用表达法和基本句型3）连接词的运用
2．难点：段落的两种结构方式
教学内容：
what is to define?when to define? (概念)
To define is to give new terms a brief explanation to convert the general and abstract ideas contained into specific and concrete information,
To make readers understand the unfamiliar concepts and terms,the writer frequently gives reader brief sentence definition,
Focus,A definition would require that you put the term in a class having common characteristics and then give the meaning that differentiate it from the other members of its class,
Example:
Word or idea school sociology
linking words is means
class an institution a science
differentiation for teaching and learning dealing with the origin and
evolution of society
Class activity:Can you define these terms after the examples above:comic books,tea and DIY?Or other terms you are interested in?
2．Useful expressions and patterns,(表达与句型) 重点
a,A word or idea means + a definition,
Is
⑴An autobiography means a writen accout of a person’s own life,
⑵Instead of employing professional workers,DIY means a way of doing work by oneself,
⑶Like carbohydrates,fats are foods that provides us with energy,
⑷A Supermarket is a large store,selling food,household goods by way of self-service,
called
b,A definition +is known as + a word or idea,
referred to as
⑴ Rocks that have changed from their original form are called metamorphic rocks,
⑵ The custom which is considered most to be admired and imitated during a period or at a place is called fashion,
⑶ People that are famous in a certain field or circle are known as celebrities,
⑷ Should movement occur in the horizontal direction and parallel to the plane of the fault,the fault is referred to as a strike-slip fault,
⑸ A movement in literature,philodophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as Romanticism,
c,A word or idea +an appositive phrase functioning as a definition.
⑴Geology,the science of the earth,is concerned with systematic study of rocks and minerals.
⑵Linguistics,the science of language,is concerned with the systematic and scientific study of language.
Notes,The word being defined is in italic,the definition underlined,while the verb or linking word is in bold-face type,
Classc Activity:
Define the following terms with sentences as many as you can,using the expressions and patterns you have learned,
①supermarket ②trend ③football
For example,Superman
⑴ Superman is a man having more than ordinary human powers and abilities,
⑵ A man having more than ordinary human powers and abilities is known as superman,
⑶ Superman,a man with super power,is imagined by writers of scientific fiction,
3,Strategies(写作手法) 难点
Rather than a brief sentence definition,a writer may need to go further and provide readers with a fuller definition extending over several sentences,
Focus,Compare sentence definition and paragraph of definition,
Example 1,Term,mineral
sentence definition,
A mineral is a naturally occuring inorganic solid substance that has characteristic internal structure,chemical composition,crystal form,and physical properties.
Paragraph of definition (Extended definition):
1]An element,or a compound,is a mineral if it meets two requirements ⑴ it occurs in nature,and ⑵ it has a fixed and orderly internal arrangement of atoms,
2]The first of these requirements simply means that manufactured or artificial products are not minerals,
2]We need to look further at the other requirement,however,because much is implied in it,
3] For one thing,if a mineral must have a fixed and orderly internal structure,it can only be solid,
4]Air,water,and other fluids are excluded,
3] Further,it cannot be organic—that is,made up of matter that is or has been alive,
3]A third implication of orderly internal structure is a definit chemical composition,or at least,a composition that ranges within very narrow limits,
3]It further follows that each mineral must possess a characteristic external crystal form,
3]Finally,substances with these characteristics would be expected to differ from each other in their physical properties,and this we find to be the case,
Pattern of development:
Basic material--- reason
Arrangement of sentences--- general-to-specific order
example 2,Term,Oedipus complex
Sentence definition:
Oedipus complex is a psychological term originating from a Greek tragedy and referring to children’s unconscious mental state of being the rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.
Paragraph of definition (Extended definition):
1]A mental state is called Oedipus Complex if it meets two requirements⑴it occur to children,and ⑵it is an unconscious process of being a rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.
2]The first of these requirements simply means that it cannot happen to adults.
2]What claims more attention is the other requirement,however,because it has more implications.
3]For one thing,neither parents nor chidren are aware of this state.
3]Futher,it is presented on children in a process of winning the love of the parents of the opposite sex.
3]Finally,chidren imagine that parents of the opposite sex are their competitors.
Pattern of development:
Basic material--- reason
Arrangement of sentences--- general-to-specific order
Conclusion:
A paragraph of definition is the most flexible,for it may use more than one pattern of development.
Because the developmental details supporting the topic sentence and the controlling idea must be simpler and more concrete than the term defined,the writer will often use examples,comparison,reasons,analogies,or synonyms to convert general and abstract ideas into specific and concrete information,
Exercises,
Sentence definition
Write out each of the following sentences,filling in the blands with definitions in a current dictionary,
1)A governess is__________________,
2)A synonym is________________________,
3)Inflation means_________________________________,
4)A person who buys things in shops is called __________,
5)Nationalism,or_____________,make people full of drive in constructing their country,
6)Either of the two breathing organs in the chest of man and other animals is referred to as________________,
7)The psychiatrist refers to a mentally- illed person as____________,
Paragrah of definition
Using the information below and topic sentence that follows it,write a paragraph defining the term metal,Remember,Your method of development would be listing its properties,
What is a metal?
Iron is a metal.We know it is a metal because
*it is lustrous ; a fresh surface is shiny,
*it is malleable ; it can be beaten out into sheets,
*it is tough ; an anchor chain is very strong,
*it is heavy,
*it is a good comductor of heat and electricity,
Topic sentence,It is difficult for me to define the term,but I have learned that a metal is an element that has several special properties,
定义教学目的：讲解给词条下定义的要求，用句子下定义和用段落下定义的写作方法以及常用句型，通过适当练习，使学生掌握给词条准确具体地下定义的写作方法。
教学重点：1)用句子下定义及常用句型 2)用段落下定义的写作方法
教学难点：用段落下定义的写作方法
教学方法：教师讲授，配合问答及课堂练习等形式，引导学生积极参与课堂活动，巩固所学。
课前复习提示,
1．重点：1）比较与对比的段落的写作手法2）常用表达法和基本句型3）连接词的运用
2．难点：段落的两种结构方式
教学内容：
what is to define?when to define? (概念)
To define is to give new terms a brief explanation to convert the general and abstract ideas contained into specific and concrete information,
To make readers understand the unfamiliar concepts and terms,the writer frequently gives reader brief sentence definition,
Focus,A definition would require that you put the term in a class having common characteristics and then give the meaning that differentiate it from the other members of its class,
Example:
Word or idea school sociology
linking words is means
class an institution a science
differentiation for teaching and learning dealing with the origin and
evolution of society
Class activity:Can you define these terms after the examples above:comic books,tea and DIY?Or other terms you are interested in?
2．Useful expressions and patterns,(表达与句型) 重点
a,A word or idea means + a definition,
Is
⑴An autobiography means a writen accout of a person’s own life,
⑵Instead of employing professional workers,DIY means a way of doing work by oneself,
⑶Like carbohydrates,fats are foods that provides us with energy,
⑷A Supermarket is a large store,selling food,household goods by way of self-service,
called
b,A definition +is known as + a word or idea,
referred to as
⑴ Rocks that have changed from their original form are called metamorphic rocks,
⑵ The custom which is considered most to be admired and imitated during a period or at a place is called fashion,
⑶ People that are famous in a certain field or circle are known as celebrities,
⑷ Should movement occur in the horizontal direction and parallel to the plane of the fault,the fault is referred to as a strike-slip fault,
⑸ A movement in literature,philodophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as Romanticism,
c,A word or idea +an appositive phrase functioning as a definition.
⑴Geology,the science of the earth,is concerned with systematic study of rocks and minerals.
⑵Linguistics,the science of language,is concerned with the systematic and scientific study of language.
Notes,The word being defined is in italic,the definition underlined,while the verb or linking word is in bold-face type,
Classc Activity:
Define the following terms with sentences as many as you can,using the expressions and patterns you have learned,
①supermarket ②trend ③football
For example,Superman
⑴ Superman is a man having more than ordinary human powers and abilities,
⑵ A man having more than ordinary human powers and abilities is known as superman,
⑶ Superman,a man with super power,is imagined by writers of scientific fiction,
3,Strategies(写作手法) 难点
Rather than a brief sentence definition,a writer may need to go further and provide readers with a fuller definition extending over several sentences,
Focus,Compare sentence definition and paragraph of definition,
Example 1,Term,mineral
sentence definition,
A mineral is a naturally occuring inorganic solid substance that has characteristic internal structure,chemical composition,crystal form,and physical properties.
Paragraph of definition (Extended definition):
1]An element,or a compound,is a mineral if it meets two requirements ⑴ it occurs in nature,and ⑵ it has a fixed and orderly internal arrangement of atoms,
2]The first of these requirements simply means that manufactured or artificial products are not minerals,
2]We need to look further at the other requirement,however,because much is implied in it,
3] For one thing,if a mineral must have a fixed and orderly internal structure,it can only be solid,
4]Air,water,and other fluids are excluded,
3] Further,it cannot be organic—that is,made up of matter that is or has been alive,
3]A third implication of orderly internal structure is a definit chemical composition,or at least,a composition that ranges within very narrow limits,
3]It further follows that each mineral must possess a characteristic external crystal form,
3]Finally,substances with these characteristics would be expected to differ from each other in their physical properties,and this we find to be the case,
Pattern of development:
Basic material--- reason
Arrangement of sentences--- general-to-specific order
example 2,Term,Oedipus complex
Sentence definition:
Oedipus complex is a psychological term originating from a Greek tragedy and referring to children’s unconscious mental state of being the rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.
Paragraph of definition (Extended definition):
1]A mental state is called Oedipus Complex if it meets two requirements⑴it occur to children,and ⑵it is an unconscious process of being a rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.
2]The first of these requirements simply means that it cannot happen to adults.
2]What claims more attention is the other requirement,however,because it has more implications.
3]For one thing,neither parents nor chidren are aware of this state.
3]Futher,it is presented on children in a process of winning the love of the parents of the opposite sex.
3]Finally,chidren imagine that parents of the opposite sex are their competitors.
Pattern of development:
Basic material--- reason
Arrangement of sentences--- general-to-specific order
Conclusion:
A paragraph of definition is the most flexible,for it may use more than one pattern of development.
Because the developmental details supporting the topic sentence and the controlling idea must be simpler and more concrete than the term defined,the writer will often use examples,comparison,reasons,analogies,or synonyms to convert general and abstract ideas into specific and concrete information,
Exercises,
Sentence definition
Write out each of the following sentences,filling in the blands with definitions in a current dictionary,
1)A governess is__________________,
2)A synonym is________________________,
3)Inflation means_________________________________,
4)A person who buys things in shops is called __________,
5)Nationalism,or_____________,make people full of drive in constructing their country,
6)Either of the two breathing organs in the chest of man and other animals is referred to as________________,
7)The psychiatrist refers to a mentally- illed person as____________,
Paragrah of definition
Using the information below and topic sentence that follows it,write a paragraph defining the term metal,Remember,Your method of development would be listing its properties,
What is a metal?
Iron is a metal.We know it is a metal because
*it is lustrous ; a fresh surface is shiny,
*it is malleable ; it can be beaten out into sheets,
*it is tough ; an anchor chain is very strong,
*it is heavy,
*it is a good comductor of heat and electricity,
Topic sentence,It is difficult for me to define the term,but I have learned that a metal is an element that has several special properties,
