macroeconomics
N,Gregory Mankiw
CHAPTER TWO
The Data of
Macroeconomics
College of Management,HUST
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 1
D1?
D1?
'cá
ì|D,
?S
=
3á9′ (GDP)
?hntN·
(CPI)
?
><
q
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 2
"
c
"
c
1,S
=
3á9′ (GDP)
2,|E9
GDP
3,
l ?E9
GDP
4,GNP 
e

5,hntN·
(CPI)
6,
><
q
7,i
D
@

8,'cl2
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 3
S
=
3á9′
S
=
3á9′
?S
=
3á9′
Gross Domestic
Producte? GDP
?S
=
3á9′
^·B?ü6B?
H
ù
=a
=
3á￥K?á
D??
g?Nì9
￥
;9N′
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 4
S
=
3á9′
S
=
3á9′
? ??
a
ü
– YèB?ü6·B?SE
=B?
H
ù·B
M
=
– 9 ? GDP￥o??
^T1K?á
￥á
?
– 1ó???? 
9N′
àμüV
g?
y7
ì?
9 ? GNP￥t
?-?
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 5
GDP￥9|9
l ?cl
￥9|9
l ?cl
?nS
=
3á￥K?á
D?
￥9|
?S
=
μ
3á1
í￥9
l ?
? 
?]?
Z￥|ü
^
Z￥
l ?yN9|??9
l ?
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 6
?ì
@?
?ì
@?
Income ($ )
Labor
Goods (bread )
Expenditure ($ )
Households Firms
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 7
GDP￥9′cl
￥9′cl
??l,B?ì
￥ 9′
^
á￥Nì
h ?
¨?
3á?tá￥?W
á
￥Nì
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 8


,(ù5
ù5
2,p.35)
?
j
?±l
[
à 2í
ó
xì,
?
xì|l
?
xi[ 6í￥Nì
ó
?,
?
?[
x?/
i[ 12í
ó
y?
=,
? y?
=ù

,
9

–
?¨
￥9′
^

– GDP
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 9
K?á
9′
K?á
9′
GDP
? GDP = K?á
￥N′
=
μ
3áì?9′￥9
? K?á
￥N′ ?
?Wá
￥N′
yN ?T|?Wá
￥N′9
 GDP
=￥|i×ˉ9
￥ù5b
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 10
|E9
|E9
GDP
hn
9g'
??
ê g
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 11
hn
hn
(C)
0¨
P¨
HWé ?
úE¨
!!
d
0¨
P¨
HW
 ?
JtaIt
?
1hn?
S￥y
T ??!at
b
{
?l, 

￥
μ

D?,
 ?,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 12
9g'
9g'
(I)
??l 1,'' (
3á1
í )￥|,
??l 2,| ?
P¨￥

￥|,
? ?,
? <%?'ág'
1
3á 
eá
?7
￥ì\

!!
? 
%?'ág'
EV\ê
￥?t\
?i
g'
<i
￥M?
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 13
??
??
(G)
? G  ???
?á
D ?￥
μ|,
? G ? ?M|±
( ?
>< B|± )y1?
^
l ?
s
￥7?
^¨?
á
 ?,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 14
?S￥ê g
?S￥ê g
?l,(NX = EX - IM)
?Sê g,1978-2002
-1000
-600
-200
200
600
1000
1400
1800
2200
2600
3000
3400
3800
1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
|
;aí
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 15
S￥ê g
S￥ê g
ê g "9 g (EX) 9é g (IM)
U.S,Net Exports,1960-2000
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
$
b
i
llio
n
s
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 16
B?×1￥?
T
B?×1￥?
T
Y = C + I + G + NX
? ? 
Y = GDP = 9á￥N′
C + I + G + NX = 9|
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 17
l ?E9
l ?E9
GDP
y' 
e ??
l ?
?
?á 
e?á
l ?
? ?
W¤
￥
|?
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 18
GDP,B?×1 OY¨￥à
Q
B?×1 OY¨￥à
Q
GDP V[9

? 9
l ?
? 9á
? 9|
? K?á
ò
3á¨
￥9′9
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 19
GNP vs,GDP
?S
3á9′ (GNP,Gross National Product)
^·B
M
='S 
3á￥K?á
?
g
?Nì9
￥
;N′
?S
3á1
í￥9
l ?7?5?1
í)
? GNP
^? 
5* ? ?d9￥ GDP
^?1
×5* ? ?d9￥
? (GNP – GDP) = ( ?1S?￥1
í
l ? )
–(_S?￥1
í|± )
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 20
)
ù5
)
ù5
:
áS GDPD GNP
'?·Sv$
F?
'?·Sv$1
I
1$
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 21
(GNP – GDP) /GDP
?sSE
?sSE
,1997.
U.S.A,0.1%
Bangladesh 3.3
Brazil -2.0
Canada -3.2
Chile -8.8
Ireland -16.2
Kuwait 20.8
Mexico -3.2
Saudi Arabia 3.3
Singapore 4.2
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 22
L=
L=
GDPD
l
D
l
GDP
? GDP
^ ??K?á
D ??
g?
Nì9
￥N′
value?
g?
Nì
^
HWM￥,
?
l GDP [C
ùNì
,
?
L= GDP [
MNì ?
,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 23
L=
L=
GDPDY
3n
DY
3n
?? 
l GDPM?￥ey,
? NìM?
? á
M?
?? 
L= GDPM?￥eyo
^á
M?y1
L= GDPy ?
M
Nì￥$
,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 24
?S￥
L=
?S￥
L=
GDPD
l
D
l
GDP,1978-2002
3,000
13,000
23,000
33,000
43,000
53,000
63,000
73,000
83,000
93,000
103,000
1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002

aí
NGDP
RGDP(

M"
1978)
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 25
S￥
L=
S￥
L=
GDPD
l
D
l
GDP,1967-2001
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
(b
illio
n
s
o
f
U
.
S
.
d
o
lla
r
s
)
NGDP (billions of $) RGDP (billions of 1996 $)
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 26
GDP
üh·
üh·
?Y
3n
q
^·B?Nì
￡
ü￥

61
qb
? GDP
üh·
V[¨ ?
Nì
￡
ü
V[?l1
Nominal GDP
GDP deflator = 100
Real GDP
×
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 27

e


e

?S
=êá′
Net Domestic Product
NDP" GDP|?
?S
l ?
National Income
NI" GDP|?W¤
￥
? V|
￥
l ?
Disposable Income
DI" GDP9
￥
l |?
" C S
? | ( GDP
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 28
hntN·
hntN·
(CPI)
? B?tN
￡
ü￥
·S
? ¨?
– ù???hn?
3hn
￡
ü￥M
?E
– ? Y
3n f ???][L
1??]
Mz￥
;-b
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 29
8"9
8"9
CPI
1,??hn?￥B ￥0t
￥F?é?
?°,
2,

l"
??￥B ￥0t
￥Nì
i9
? ￥0t
￥?'
3,¨ ?/
T9
￥ CPI
Cost of basket in that month
100
Cost of basket in base period
×
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 30
CPI“B ￥0
B ￥0
”t
￥?
t
￥?
16.2%
40.0%
4.5%
17.6%
5.8%
5.9%
2.8%
2.5%
4.8%
Food and bev.
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation
Education
Communication
Other goods and
services
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 31
?3
?3
CPI
? B? 3?t
￥ è0,
?t
i = 1,2,3
C
i
= t
i ￥

P
it
= t t
i ￥Nì
E
t
= t B ￥0t
￥?'
E
b
= ? ￥0t

ù￥?'
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 32
?3
?3
CPI
t
b
E
CPI in month
E
=×100t
1t 1 2t 2 3t 3
b
PC+PC+PC
E
=×100
312
1t 2t 3t
bbb
CCC
PPP
EEE


=× + +





100
CPI
^Nì￥F ?
ü (′,
?Nì￥ ?×
Q?
?t
B ￥0t
?￥M×1?,
?i ?×B?
H
ù
=
^%?￥,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 33
1
I
1
1
I
1
CPI ú
Y
3n
ú
Y
3n
?9} `_,CPI?¨%? ?×
[
í
EQ?hn?
P¨MNì/?￥t
é
?9}￥
L= f ?,
??t
￥é ?,B??á
￥é ?|
Ph
n? μ÷￥ê47a ?÷zV74
ú

;￥
L=N′b? CPI
P¨%? ?×
P?? f ?íEQ? CPI￥/?
,
?íE
é
M,é
?é|9F
;
￥
L=N′?Yè?
?
L￥Q?,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 34
CPI vs,GDP
üh·
üh·
?''
￥Nì
c GDP
üh·
? (S
=á
)
?c CPI?
?é ghn
￥Nì
c CPI?
?c GDP
üh·
?
?B ￥0t
CPI,%? ( ?
f·
)
GDP
üh·
,
MM? (
f·
)
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 35
Y
3n￥
?
ZE
Y
3n￥
?
ZE
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-
2
Percentage
change
1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973
Year
1978 1983 1988 1993 1998
CPI
GDP deflator
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 36
| gs ?
| gs ?
? ü<
V
Yμ￥yT
?
><
àμ$&??ùsyT
? ?? ?
V
3áá
4 ?￥ ??
^
ü<D
><￥9
? d ?? ?
àμ$&?9
àμùsyT,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 37
?? ?￥
?×1à
Q
?? ?￥
?×1à
Q
?
><
q
?? ??
àμ$&?￥1
q
? ?? ??D
q
?
M | g?
? ?? ?￥?s1
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 38
i
D
@

i
D
@

?i

^B?;?
H?
￥

?
@

^
B
HW?ê
=￥
,
?''
^
3á￥B?1
í, ?Bó?￥
H?ü6"dμB? ??￥9''
,
?g'
^?''￥|,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 39
g'
g'
vs,''
''
? ? (L
!
àμ|? ),
1/1/2003,
ü6"dμ $500b ''
during 2003:
g' = $37b
1/1/2004,
ü6"d|μ $537b ''
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 40
i

i

vs,
@

@

@
 i

?? ?,
i

@

? |?? ? |%1
# ?μvDDê￥ | # ?8<￥vD8<
3
??O ???
3
Return
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 41
'cl2
'cl2
1,S
=
3á9′ (GDP);
ü6?
μ |
￥
l ??
t
?￥9|,
2,
l GDP¨C
ùNì
Nt
?
L
= GDP¨?MNì
Nt
?,á
￥M?
?·S?μ?Y7Nì￥M
???Y
l GDP,
3,GDP
^hng'??
ê g￥
9,
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
slide 42
'cl2
'cl2
4,B?Nì
￡
ü V[?[/·S

? hntN·
(CPI),
??hn?
￥%?￥B a0t
D
?￥Nì
? GDP
üh·
,
l GDPD
L= GDP￥1
q
5,
><
qQ?￥
^
àμyT?X1yT￥ |]
9 ?? ?￥1
q,
End