macroeconomics
N,Gregory Mankiw
College of Management,HUST
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CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 1
D1?
D1?
?
I
1y
í %?B?ü6￥9á /
l ?
?
3á1
í￥Nì ? %?
?9
l ?
^ ?s
￥￥
?
I
1 %?á
?￥3 p
?á
g? (
^ ?r?￥
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 2
"
c
"
c
1,9á￥ %?y
í
2,S
l ?s
￥
3,á
g? (
4, V~'á
g? (
5,B? ( S IM?
6,'cl2
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 3
9á￥ %?y
í
9á￥ %?y
í
?
3á1
í,
K ='' L = ??
?ü6￥/
￡
ü
?¨
3áf
VV
U1
Y = F (K,L)
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 4

lm

lm
,í$
í$
K Y
1
= F (K
1
,L
1
)
μg ?1
í?M?e ?￥ z,
K
2
= zK
1
and L
2
= zL
1
( ?T z = 1.25,'
μg ?1
í?9F 25%)
á| ?M?,Y
2
= F (K
2
,L
2
)?
? ?T

lm?M Y
2
= zY
1
? ?T

lm?9 Y
2
> zY
1
? ?T

lm?h Y
2
< zY
1
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 5


,

lm￥ %?

lm￥ %?
[/
3áf


l ??M$?9$
^?h$
a) 2 15FKL K L= +(,)
b) FKL KL=(,)
c) 2 15FKL K L=+(,)
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 6
?L
!
?L
!
1,/
￡
ü%?,
2,''D ??ó%?
3,á?%?￥''a ??ó%?￥/
￡
ü %?,
and = =KK LL
,= ()Y FKL
Return
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 7
S
l ?s
￥
S
l ?s
￥
?9
l ?s
￥ | %? 1
íNì b
?1
íNì
^|±ó
3á1
í￥b
?y'
^ ?? L￥Nì
??á
^'' K￥Nì
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 8
?|
?|
W =
ly'
R =
l?á
P = áNì
W /P =
L=y'
([?êá1?ê )
R /P =
L=?á
W =
ly'
R =
l?á
P = áNì
W /P =
L=y'
([?êá1?ê )
R /P =
L=?á
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 9
1
íNì ? %?
1
íNì ? %?
?1
íNì?1
í
g?￥ p1" %?,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 10
??3 p￥ %?
??3 p￥ %?
?L
!é?
g??,
? <
"￥ W,R P ó?
?'
±
^,
B? <&? ?B? ??
H ?'
???V
lm,
?' =
L=y'
lm = ??￥H=á
MPL = F (K,L +1)–F (K,L)
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 11


,9
9
&
í
í
MPL
LYMPL
00n.a.
110?
219?
327 8
434?
540?
645?
749?
852?
954?
10 55?
a,9
? ??
 L￥
MPL
b,
3áf
c, MPL wL ?:
USV
U MPL US
V
U L
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 12
s?
s?
:
Production function
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
012345678910
Labor (L)
O
u
t
put
(
Y
)
Marginal Product of Labor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
012345678910
Labor (L)
MP
L
(
uni
t
s
of
out
put
)
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 13
MPL

3áf
3áf
Y
á
L
??
FKL(,)
1
MPL
1
MPL
1
MPL
" ??9F
MPL ↓
3áf
￥|
q??
MPL
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 14
??￥H=á?h
??￥H=á?h
??
?g ?1
í9F H=á/
? ( 
e1
í?M ),
?°4?`,
L9F ? K%?
?y |?μ￥ 
h

3ár
q??
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 15
￡á
ì￥° $
￡á
ì￥° $
:
?
'?
3áf
? ??￥H=á?h?
a) 2 15FKL K L= +(,)
b) FKL KL=(,)
c) 2 15FKL K L=+(,)
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 16
MPL wLü
^ <￥ ??3 p wL
wLü
^ <￥ ??3 p wL
? <&?￥ ??
 | %???
MPL = W/P
? <&?￥ ??
 | %???
MPL = /P
á
??,L
MPL, ??
3 p
L=
y'
??3 p

CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 17
''3 p￥ ??
''3 p￥ ??
-
4? MPL = W/P
]"￥
 MPK = R/P
? ''￥H=á?h,MPK↓ as K ↑
? MPK wLü
^ <''￥3 p wL,
? <|ê4?"￥ K
P¤ MPK = R/P,
V7
LC ? ?Kvb
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 18
MPK wLü
^ <￥''3 p wL
wLü
^ <￥''3 p wL
? <&?￥''
 | %???
MPK= R/P
? <&?￥''
 | %???
MPK= R/P
á
'',K
MPK,''
3 p
L=
?á
''3 p

CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 19
s
￥￥???l ?
s
￥￥???l ?
s
￥￥???l ?
?
?g ?￥í?? H=á
? 'v
ü6DE¤
s￥4?
?
?g ?￥í?? H=á
?g ?￥í?? H=á
? 'v
ü6DE¤
s￥4?
'v
ü6DE¤
s￥4?
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 20
l ? ?s
￥
l ? ?s
￥
:
W
L
P
9 ??
l ? =
MPL L=×
R
K
P
MPK K=×
9''
l ? =
?T
3áf
μ
?M
?5
Y MPL L MPK K= ×+ ×
??
l ? ''
l ?S
l ?
Return
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 21
á
D ?3 p
á
D ?3 p
?93 p￥F?,
C = á
D ?￥hn
I = g'
￥3 p (i?￥ )
G = ??á
D ?￥3 p
(>ü6,
àμ NX )
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 22
hn
hn
,C
??l, V|
￥
l ?
^ h" ??
￥
la￥
9
l ?' Y – T
?hnf
,C = C (Y – T )
V
U1" ↑(Y – T )?↑C
??l,H=hn `_
^
9FB?ê￥
V|
￥
l ?
?á￥hn￥9F,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 23
hnf
hnf
C
Y – T
C (Y –T )
1
MPC
MPC
^hnf
￥|
q,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 24
g'
g'
,I
?g'f
I = I (r ),
? r V
U
L= ?
q '
l ?
qüY

3n??a￥ ?
q,
?
L= ?
q
^
z 1~￥?'
z
P¨1μ'áé?g'￥?',
?yN ↑r?↓I
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 25
g'f
g'f
r
I
I(r)
L= ?
q

6
g'h

CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 26
??
??
,G
? G  ???
t
D ?￥|,
? G ? ? M|±
?L
!??
D
￥
l?
^?
3ó?,
== and GG TT
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 27
á
D ?
g?￥ (
á
D ?
g?￥ (
L= ?
q|
P3 p??ó,
L= ?
q|
P3 p??ó,
Agg,demand,( ) ( )CY T I r G+ +
Agg,supply,(,)Y FKL?=
Equilibrium,= ( ) ( )Y CY T I r G+ +
Return
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 28
á μ
g?
á μ
g?
?B?e?￥á μ"d￥ — p
 ?,
?B?'á, V~'á
'á3 p,g'
'á ?÷,%1
'áNì,
L= ?
q
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 29
'á3 p
'á3 p
,g'
g'
?1~3 p,
g',
<1 {
ì\a
!!a÷?
? hn?1 {
?tM,
L= ?
q r, V~'á￥Nì (1 {
￥?' ),
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 30
V~'á￥3 p wL
V~'á￥3 p wL
r
I
I(r)
g' wL]
H9ü
^ V~'á￥3 p
wL,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 31
'áó
'áó
,%1
%1
? V~'á ?÷?%1,

%1¨??i {
O
? 
e'á,?t??1 <1
~ μ'é?g'￥'á ?÷,
?? ?T??|l???
￥
l
l
?9μ%1,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 32
%1￥? ?
%1￥? ?
?
2 |%1 = (Y –T ) – C
?
%1 = T – G
?S
%1,S
=
2 |%1 +
%1
= (Y –T ) – C + T – G
= Y – C – G
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 33
V~'áó wL
V~'áó wL
r
S,I
()SYCYT G=
S
%1i?
? ?
q r %?,
[ó w
L1
°L,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 34
V~'á
g? (
V~'á
g? (
r
S,I
I(r)
()SYCYT G=
( ?
q
(g'
Return
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 35
B? (D
B? (D
s,I ￥M?
￥M?
?r V[]
H??á
g?Dá μ
g?
P
ì]
Hr? (,
?T V~'á
g? (
*
1
Y – C – G = I
?
T
H]
HF
 (C +G ) ¤?
Y = C + I + G (á
g? ( )
?yN
?r V[]
H??á
g?Dá μ
g?
P
ì]
Hr? (,
?T V~'á
g? (
*
1
– – G = I
?
T
H]
HF
 (C G ) ¤?
= + I + (á
g? ( )
?yN
V~'á
g
? (
á
g? (
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 36
%1￥M?
%1￥M?
????|?Y
%1
? T >G,
?
?? = (T –G )

%11?b
? T <G,
?
3 = (G –T )

%11μb
? T =G,
?
ü O
%1 = 0.
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 37
? ès
? ès
ú???￥3?|
ú???￥3?|
? ú??? 1980
M}*
ù￥?|,
9FS]|
G > 0
v?h
￥,?T < 0
??
?
??|?h

S
%1,
()SYCYT G=
GS↑?↓ T CS↓?↑?↓
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 38
ú???￥3
ú???￥3
1,3￥9Fh

%1 …
r
S,I
1
S
I(r)
r
1
I
1
r
2
2,…?á
L= ?
q

6 …
I
2
2
S
3,…?ág'h
,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 39
D2TBá
D2TBá
variable 1970s 1980s
T – G –2.2 –3.9
S 19.6 17.4
r 1.1 6.3
I 19.9 19.4
variable 1970s 1980s
T – G –2.2 –3.9
S 19.6 17.4
r 1.1 6.3
I 19.9 19.4
T–G,S, I?[ GDP￥?s1V
U
μ
3?
^M?
M}￥
ü (′,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 40


…
? V~'á
?m,
?L
!
￥
l?|??O
2 |%1,
? ?
qDg'| ?M
? (L
! T ?M )
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 41
g' wL￥M?
g' wL￥M?
?? g' wLM?￥y
í
a,+?￥/
7?
1
 ?¨7??T <A
?
?
!!é?/
?/
b.?Yg'￥
￥
lE
g'￥
￥
l·
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 42
?%1B?7g'3 p9F
?%1B?7g'3 p9F
g'3 p9
F …
r
S,I
I
1
S
I
2
r
1
r
2
… ?
q

6,
(g'
￡
ü?
My1 V~'
á
%?,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 43
?%1
s ?
q?Y7g'3 p9F
?%1
s ?
q?Y7g'3 p9F
Real interest rate,r
2.,,,raises
the interest
rate,.
Investment,Saving,I,S
S(r)
A
B
1,An increase
in desired
investment,..
3.,,,and raises
equilibrium investment
and saving.
I
2
I
1
Return
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 44
'cl2
'cl2
1,9á %??
? ü6"d?μ￥''D ??

? /
￡
ü
2,é? <&?
B?1
íB°??1
í
￥?'?? H=á

H1?,
3,
?M￥
3áf
? ??
l ?
D''
l ?￥ü??9
l ?
9á,
CHAPTER 3 National Income
slide 45
'cl2
'cl2
4,9�
? hn (? V|
￥
l ? %? )
? g' (?
L= ?
q %? )
? ??
| (?
3 )
5,
L= ?
q V[??
?
g?
á
D ?
V~'á ￥óD3 p
P
ì]
Hr
? (
6,S
%1￥h
|?á ?
q

6Dg'/
?,g'9F?á ?
q

6? ?T V~
'áó%? (g'
￡
ü?M
End